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Neuroprotective effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 138:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Zhang X, El Demerdash N, Falck JR, Munnuri S, Koehler RC, Yang ZJ. The contribution of TRPV1 channel to 20-HETE-Aggravated ischemic neuronal injury. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 137:63-68. [PMID: 30041768 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A/4F-derived metabolite of arachidonic acid, directly contributes to ischemic neuronal injury. However, little is known about mediators of 20-HETE neurotoxicity after ischemia. Here, we focus on the role of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) in 20-HETE-induced neurotoxicity. Our results showed that TRPV1 and CYP4A immunoreactivity were colocalized in neurons. TRPV1 inhibition attenuated 20-HETE mimetic 20-5,14-HEDGE-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and neuronal injury in cultured neurons and protected ischemic neurons in vitro and in vivo. TRPV1 inhibition in combination with 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016 did not produce additional protective effects. Furthermore, TRPV1 genetic inhibition and NADPH oxidase inhibitor gp91ds-dat each attenuated ROS production to a similar extent. However, combined treatment did not achieve additional reduction. Therefore, we conclude that TRPV1 channels are involved in 20-HETE's ROS generation and neurotoxicity after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nagat El Demerdash
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Sailu Munnuri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Zeng-Jin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
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3
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Liu X, Davis CM, Alkayed NJ. P450 Eicosanoids and Reactive Oxygen Species Interplay in Brain Injury and Neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:987-1007. [PMID: 28298143 PMCID: PMC5849284 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Eicosanoids are endogenous lipid mediators that play important roles in brain function and disease. Acute brain injury such as that which occurs in stroke and traumatic brain injury increases the formation of eicosanoids, which, in turn, exacerbate or diminish injury. In chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (VD), eicosanoid synthetic and metabolizing enzymes are altered, disrupting the balance between neuroprotective and neurotoxic eicosanoids. Recent Advances: Human and experimental studies have established the opposing roles of hydroxy- and epoxyeicosanoids and their potential utility as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neural injury. Critical Issues: A gap in knowledge remains in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the neurovascular actions of specific eicosanoids, such as specific isomers of epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Future Directions: EETs and HETEs exert their actions on brain cells by targeting multiple mechanisms, which include surface G-protein coupled receptors. The identification of high-affinity receptors for EETs and HETEs and their cellular localization in the brain will be a breakthrough in our understanding of these eicosanoids as mediators of cell-cell communications and contributors to brain development, function, and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 987-1007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine M Davis
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Cao S, Zhang J, Ma L, Hsia CJC, Koehler RC. Transfusion of Polynitroxylated Pegylated Hemoglobin Stabilizes Pial Arterial Dilation and Decreases Infarct Volume After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006505. [PMID: 28899897 PMCID: PMC5634295 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Polynitroxylation of hemoglobin confers superoxide dismutase–mimetic and peroxidase activity and may protect from reperfusion injury in addition to facilitating oxygen transport. We determined whether transfusion of polynitroxylated PEGylated hemoglobin (PNPH) is protective in the rat filament model of 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods and Results Transfusion of 10 mL/kg of PNPH at 20 minutes of MCAO reduced infarct volume by over 70% (n=10). To determine whether PNPH might act by promoting vasodilation, pial arteriolar diameter in the distal MCA border region was measured in closed cranial windows. With no transfusion, MCAO induced an initial dilation (36±2% ±SE) that subsided by 2 hours (5±4%; n=8). With PNPH transfusion at 20 minutes of MCAO, the initial dilation (31±3%) was better maintained at 2 hours (21±4%; n=7; P<0.02). Delaying PNPH transfusion until 90 minutes of MCAO increased perfusion in the border region from 48±6% of the preischemic baseline to 67±8% (n=8; P<0.005). The effect of PNPH transfusion after reperfusion was also tested. Compared with the control median hemispheric infarct volume of 22% (13% to 34% interquartiles; n=15), infarct volume was reduced to 7% (3% to 13%; n=14 P<0.05) when PNPH was transfused at 4 hours after MCAO (2 hours of reperfusion) but not significantly when transfused at 6 hours (8%; 3% to 35%; n=14) or at 8 hours (12%; 10% to 25%; n=14) after MCAO. Conclusions PNPH transfusion has a significant therapeutic window for protection during and after transient MCAO and may act, in part, by stabilizing vascular function and improving collateral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Physics, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
| | | | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Upregulation of 20-HETE Synthetic Cytochrome P450 Isoforms by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in Cortical Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:1279-1286. [PMID: 28110484 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a potent vasoconstrictor, is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A/4F-derived metabolite of arachidonic acid. Inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis protects brain from ischemic injury. However, that protection is not associated with changes in cerebral blood flow. The present study examined whether CYP4A isoforms are expressed in neurons, whether they produce 20-HETE in neurons, and whether neuronally derived 20-HETE exerts direct neurotoxicity after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The expression of Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a12a mRNA in cultured mouse cortical neurons increased significantly at 1 and 3 h after exposure to 1 h of OGD. Reoxygenation also markedly augmented the expression of CYP4A protein in neurons and increased 20-HETE levels in the culture medium. Cell viability after OGD increased after treatment with a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor or an antagonist. That effect was reversed by co-administration of a 20-HETE agonist. These results indicate that neurons express Cyp4a10 and 4a12a, that expression of these isoforms is upregulated by OGD stress, and that neuronally derived 20-HETE directly contributes to neuronal death after reoxygenation.
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Huang H, Al-Shabrawey M, Wang MH. Cyclooxygenase- and cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids in stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 122:45-53. [PMID: 26747234 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes into eicosanoids, which are involved in cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Evidence has demonstrated the important functions of these eicosanoids in regulating cerebral vascular tone, cerebral blood flow, and autoregulation of cerebral circulation. Although COX-2 inhibitors have been suggested as potential treatments for stroke, adverse events, including an increased risk of stroke, occur following long-term use of coxibs. It is important to note that prolonged treatment with rofecoxib increased circulating levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), and 20-HETE blockade is a possible strategy to prevent coxib-induced stroke events. It appears that 20-HETE has detrimental effects in the brain, and that its blockade exerts cerebroprotection against ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). There is clear evidence that activation of EP2 and EP4 receptors exerts cerebroprotection against ischemic stroke. Several elegant studies have contributed to defining the importance of stabilizing the levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), by inhibiting or deleting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), in stroke research. These reports support the notion that sEH blockade is cerebroprotective against ischemic stroke and SAH. Here, we summarize recent findings implicating these eicosanoid pathways in cerebral vascular function and stroke. We also discuss the development of animal models with targeted gene deletion and specific enzymatic inhibitors in each pathway to identify potential targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke and SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United states
| | - Mong-Heng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United states.
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Linfante I. Lost in translation. J Neurointerv Surg 2015; 7:781-2. [PMID: 26468274 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-012056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Zhu J, Wang B, Lee JH, Armstrong JS, Kulikowicz E, Bhalala US, Martin LJ, Koehler RC, Yang ZJ. Additive Neuroprotection of a 20-HETE Inhibitor with Delayed Therapeutic Hypothermia after Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Piglets. Dev Neurosci 2015; 37:376-89. [PMID: 25721266 DOI: 10.1159/000369007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia and the delay in initiating therapeutic hypothermia limit the efficacy of hypothermia. After hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal piglets, the arachidonic acid metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) has been found to contribute to oxidative stress at 3 h of reoxygenation and to eventual neurodegeneration. We tested whether early administration of a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor after reoxygenation augments neuroprotection with 3-hour delayed hypothermia. In two hypothermic groups, whole body cooling from 38.5 to 34°C was initiated 3 h after hypoxia-ischemia. Rewarming occurred from 20 to 24 h; then anesthesia was discontinued. One hypothermic group received a 20-HETE inhibitor at 5 min after reoxygenation. A sham-operated group and another hypoxia-ischemia group remained normothermic. At 10 days of recovery, resuscitated piglets with delayed hypothermia alone had significantly greater viable neuronal density in the putamen, caudate nucleus, sensorimotor cortex, CA3 hippocampus, and thalamus than did piglets with normothermic recovery, but the values remained less than those in the sham-operated group. In piglets administered the 20-HETE inhibitor before hypothermia, the density of viable neurons in the putamen, cortex and thalamus was significantly greater than in the group with hypothermia alone. Cytochrome P450 4A, which can synthesize 20-HETE, was expressed in piglet neurons in these regions. We conclude that early treatment with a 20-HETE inhibitor enhances the therapeutic benefit of delayed hypothermia in protecting neurons in brain regions known to be particularly vulnerable to hypoxia-ischemia in term newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md, USA
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Bickford JS, Ali NF, Nick JA, Al-Yahia M, Beachy DE, Doré S, Nick HS, Waters MF. Endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction alters cerebral gene expression in iron homeostasis and eicosanoid metabolism. Brain Res 2014; 1588:25-36. [PMID: 25230250 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelins are potent vasoconstrictors and signaling molecules. Their effects are broad, impacting processes ranging from neurovascular and cardiovascular health to cell migration and survival. In stroke, traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid hemorrhage, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is induced resulting in cerebral vasospasm, ischemia, reperfusion and the activation of various pathways. Given the central role that ET-1 plays in these patients and to identify the downstream molecular events specific to transient vasoconstriction, we studied the consequences of ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction of the middle cerebral artery in a rat model. Our observations demonstrate that ET-1 can lead to increases in gene expression, including genes associated with the inflammatory response (Ifnb, Il6, Tnf) and oxidative stress (Hif1a, Myc, Sod2). We also observed inductions (>2 fold) of genes involved in eicosanoid biosynthesis (Pla2g4a, Pla2g4b, Ptgs2, Ptgis, Alox12, Alox15), heme metabolism (Hpx, Hmox1, Prdx1) and iron homeostasis (Hamp, Tf). Our findings demonstrate that mRNA levels for the hormone hepcidin (Hamp) are induced in the brain in response to ET-1, providing a novel target in the treatment of multiple conditions. These changes on the ipsilateral side were also accompanied by corresponding changes in a subset of genes in the contralateral hemisphere. Understanding ET-1-mediated events at the molecular level may lead to better treatments for neurological diseases and provide significant impact on neurological function, morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Bickford
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Narjis F Ali
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100296 Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jerelyn A Nick
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100296 Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Musab Al-Yahia
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100296 Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dawn E Beachy
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Harry S Nick
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael F Waters
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100296 Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Zhang J, Cao S, Kwansa H, Crafa D, Kibler KK, Koehler RC. Transfusion of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers in the carboxy state is beneficial during transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1709-17. [PMID: 23042910 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01079.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exchange transfusion of large volumes of hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers can protect the brain from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Hb in the carboxy state (COHb) may provide protection at relatively low volumes by enhancing vasodilation. We determined whether transfusion of rats with 10 ml/kg PEGylated COHb [polyethylene glycol (PEG)-COHb] at 20 min of 2-h MCAO was more effective in reducing infarct volume compared with non-carbon monoxide (CO) PEG-Hb. After PEG-COHb transfusion, whole blood and plasma COHb was <3%, indicating rapid release of CO. PEG-COHb transfusion significantly reduced infarct volume (15 ± 5% of hemisphere; mean ± SE) compared with that in the control group (35 ± 6%), but non-CO PEG-Hb did not (24 ± 5%). Chemically dissimilar COHb polymers were also effective. Induction of MCAO initially produced 34 ± 2% dilation of pial arterioles in the border region that subsided to 10 ± 1% at 2 h. Transfusion of PEG-COHb at 20 min of MCAO maintained pial arterioles in a dilated state (40 ± 5%) at 2 h, whereas transfusion of non-CO PEG-Hb had an intermediate effect (22 ± 3%). When transfusion of PEG-COHb was delayed by 90 min, laser-Doppler flow in the border region increased from 57 ± 9 to 82 ± 13% of preischemic baseline. These data demonstrate that PEG-COHb is more effective than non-CO PEG-Hb at reducing infarct volume, sustaining cerebral vasodilation, and improving collateral perfusion in a model of transient focal cerebral ischemia when given at a relatively low dose (plasma Hb concentration < 1 g/dl). Use of acellular Hb as a CO donor that is rapidly converted to an oxygen carrier in vivo may permit potent protection at low transfusion volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Yang ZJ, Carter EL, Kibler KK, Kwansa H, Crafa DA, Martin LJ, Roman RJ, Harder DR, Koehler RC. Attenuation of neonatal ischemic brain damage using a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor. J Neurochem 2012; 121:168-79. [PMID: 22251169 PMCID: PMC3303996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a cytochrome P450 metabolite of arachidonic acid that that contributes to infarct size following focal cerebral ischemia. However, little is known about the role of 20-HETE in global cerebral ischemia or neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I). The present study examined the effects of blockade of the synthesis of 20-HETE with N-hydroxy-N'-(4-n-butyl-2-methylphenyl) formamidine (HET0016) in neonatal piglets after H-I to determine if it protects highly vulnerable striatal neurons. Administration of HET0016 after H-I improved early neurological recovery and protected neurons in putamen after 4 days of recovery. HET0016 had no significant effect on cerebral blood flow. cytochrome P450 4A immunoreactivity was detected in putamen neurons, and direct infusion of 20-HETE in the putamen increased phosphorylation of Na(+), K(+) -ATPase and NMDA receptor NR1 subunit selectively at protein kinase C-sensitive sites but not at protein kinase A-sensitive sites. HET0016 selectively inhibited the H-I induced phosphorylation at these same sites at 3 h of recovery and improved Na(+), K(+) -ATPase activity. At 3 h, HET0016 also suppressed H-I induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation and protein markers of nitrosative and oxidative stress. Thus, 20-HETE can exert direct effects on key proteins involved in neuronal excitotoxicity in vivo and contributes to neurodegeneration after global cerebral ischemia in immature brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Jin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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