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Zhang J, Murias JM, MacInnis MJ, Aboodarda SJ, Iannetta D. Performance and perceived fatigability across the intensity spectrum: role of muscle mass during cycling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R472-R483. [PMID: 38557152 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00272.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The role of muscle mass in modulating performance and perceived fatigability across the entire intensity spectrum during cycling remains unexplored. We hypothesized that at task failure (Tlim), muscle contractile function would decline more following single- (SL) versus double-leg (DL) cycling within severe and extreme intensities, but not moderate and heavy intensities. After DL and SL ramp-incremental tests, on separate days, 11 recreationally active males (V̇o2max: 49.5 ± 7.7 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed SL and DL cycling until Tlim within each intensity domain. Power output for SL trials was set at 60% of the corresponding DL trial. Before and immediately after Tlim, participants performed an isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) coupled with one superimposed and three resting femoral nerve stimulations [100 Hz; 10 Hz; single twitch (Qtw)] to measure performance fatigability. Perceived fatigue, leg pain, dyspnea, and effort were collected during trials. Tlim within each intensity domain was not different between SL and DL (all P > 0.05). MVC declined more for SL versus DL following heavy- (-42 ± 16% vs. -30 ± 18%; P = 0.011) and severe-intensity cycling (-41 ± 12% vs. -31 ± 15%; P = 0.036). Similarly, peak Qtw force declined more for SL following heavy- (-31 ± 12% vs. -22 ± 10%; P = 0.007) and severe-intensity cycling (-49 ± 13% vs. -40 ± 7%; P = 0.048). Except for heavy intensity, voluntary activation reductions were similar between modes. Similarly, except for dyspnea, which was lower for SL versus DL across all domains, ratings of fatigue, pain, and effort were similar at Tlim between exercise modes. Thus, the amount of muscle mass modulates the extent of contractile function impairment in an intensity-dependent manner.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the modulatory role of muscle mass on performance and perceived fatigability across the entire intensity spectrum. Despite similar time-to-task failure, single-leg cycling resulted in greater impairments in muscle contractile function within the heavy- and severe-intensity domains, but not the moderate- and extreme-intensity domains. Perceived fatigue, pain, and effort were similar between cycling modes. This indicates that the modulatory role of muscle mass on the extent of performance fatigability is intensity domain-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juan M Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin J MacInnis
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saied J Aboodarda
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Danilo Iannetta
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Alizadehsaravi L, Moore JK. Bicycle balance assist system reduces roll and steering motion for young and older bicyclists during real-life safety challenges. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16206. [PMID: 37868045 PMCID: PMC10588700 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicycles are more difficult to control at low speeds due to the vehicle's unstable low-speed dynamics. This issue might be exacerbated by factors such as aging, disturbances, and multi-tasking. To address this issue, we developed a prototype 'balance assist system' with Royal Dutch Gazelle and Bosch eBike Systems at Delft University of Technology, which includes an electric motor capable of providing additional steering torque. We implemented a speed-adaptive feedback controller to generate the additional steering torque to that of the rider. We conducted a study with 18 older and 14 younger cyclists to first examine the effect of aging, disturbances, and multi-tasking on cycling at lower forward speeds, and evaluate the effectiveness of the system in improving the stability of the rider-bicycle system while facing these challenges. The study consisted of two scenarios: a single-task scenario where participants rode the bicycle on a marked narrow straight-line track, and a multi-task scenario where participants performed a shoulder check task and followed visual cues while tracking the straight-line. We introduced handlebar disturbances using the steer motor in half of the trials in both scenarios. All trials were repeated with and without the balance assist system. We calculated the bicycle mean magnitude of roll and steering rate-as indicators of bicycle balance control and required steering actions, respectively-and the rider's mean magnitude of lean rate with respect to the ground to investigate the effect of the balance assist system on rider's lateral motion. Our results showed that aging, disturbances, and multi-tasking increased the roll rate, and the balance assist system was able to significantly reduce it. The effect size of the balance assist system in reducing the roll rate across all conditions was found to be larger in older cyclists, indicating a more substantial impact compared to younger cyclists. Disturbances and multi-tasking increased the steering rate, which was successfully reduced by the balance assist system. Aging did not significantly affect the steering rate. The rider's lean rate was not significantly affected by age, disturbances, or the balance assist, indicating that the upper body plays a minor role when riders have good steering control authority. Overall, our findings suggest that lateral motion and required steering action can be affected by age, multi-tasking, and handlebar disturbances which can endanger cyclists' safety, and the balance assist system has the potential to improve cycling safety and reduce the incidence of single-actor crashes. Further investigation on riders' contribution to control actions is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Alizadehsaravi
- Biomechatronic and Human-Machine Control Section, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Jason K Moore
- Biomechatronic and Human-Machine Control Section, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, South Holland, The Netherlands
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Varesco G, Luneau E, Millet GY, Féasson L, Lapole T, Rozand V. Age-Related Differences between Old and Very Old Men in Performance and Fatigability Are Evident after Cycling but Not Isometric or Concentric Single-Limb Tasks. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1641-1650. [PMID: 37580874 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare performance and fatigability between young (n = 13; 18-30 yr), old (n = 13; 60-80 yr), and very old (n = 12; >80 yr) men during a single-joint isometric (ISO) and concentric (CON) task performed on an isokinetic dynamometer and a cycling (BIKE) task. METHODS Participants randomly performed incremental tasks consisting of stages of 75 contractions (i.e., 120 s, 0.8 s on/0.8 s off) for ISO and CON and 120 s at 37.5 rpm (similar duty cycle) for BIKE. Increments were set as a percentage of body weight. Knee extensor maximal force, voluntary activation, and twitch amplitude were measured at baseline, after each stage, and at task failure (five out of eight contractions below the target force or 6 s in a row at a cadence <37.5 rpm). RESULTS Compared with young men, performance (number of stages) was 24% and 40% lower in old and very old men in ISO, 54% and 59% lower in CON, and 36% and 60% lower in BIKE (all P < 0.05). Performance of old and very old differed only in BIKE (P < 0.01). For the last common stages performed, compared with young, force loss was greater for very old men in ISO and for old and very old men in BIKE (all P < 0.05). Overall, for the last common stage performed and task failure, old and very old men presented similar force loss, alterations in voluntary activation, and twitch amplitude. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that, with workloads relative to body weight, differences in performance between old and very old men could only be observed during BIKE (i.e., the more ecologically valid task). Results from isometric or concentric conditions might not be transferable to dynamic exercise with large muscle masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Varesco
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
| | - Eric Luneau
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
| | | | | | - Thomas Lapole
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
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Millet GY, Bertrand MF, Lapole T, Féasson L, Rozand V, Hupin D. Measuring objective fatigability and autonomic dysfunction in clinical populations: How and why? Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1140833. [PMID: 37065809 PMCID: PMC10101442 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1140833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a major symptom in many diseases, often among the most common and severe ones and may last for an extremely long period. Chronic fatigue impacts quality of life, reduces the capacity to perform activities of daily living, and has socioeconomical consequences such as impairing return to work. Despite the high prevalence and deleterious consequences of fatigue, little is known about its etiology. Numerous causes have been proposed to explain chronic fatigue. They encompass psychosocial and behavioral aspects (e.g., sleep disorders) and biological (e.g., inflammation), hematological (e.g., anemia) as well as physiological origins. Among the potential causes of chronic fatigue is the role of altered acute fatigue resistance, i.e. an increased fatigability for a given exercise, that is related to physical deconditioning. For instance, we and others have recently evidenced that relationships between chronic fatigue and increased objective fatigability, defined as an abnormal deterioration of functional capacity (maximal force or power), provided objective fatigability is appropriately measured. Indeed, in most studies in the field of chronic diseases, objective fatigability is measured during single-joint, isometric exercises. While those studies are valuable from a fundamental science point of view, they do not allow to test the patients in ecological situations when the purpose is to search for a link with chronic fatigue. As a complementary measure to the evaluation of neuromuscular function (i.e., fatigability), studying the dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is also of great interest in the context of fatigue. The challenge of evaluating objective fatigability and ANS dysfunction appropriately (i.e.,. how?) will be discussed in the first part of the present article. New tools recently developed to measure objective fatigability and muscle function will be presented. In the second part of the paper, we will discuss the interest of measuring objective fatigability and ANS (i.e. why?). Despite the beneficial effects of physical activity in attenuating chronic fatigue have been demonstrated, a better evaluation of fatigue etiology will allow to personalize the training intervention. We believe this is key in order to account for the complex, multifactorial nature of chronic fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Y. Millet
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
- Correspondence: Guillaume Y. Millet
| | - Mathilde F. Bertrand
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
- Service de physiologie clinique et de l'exercice, CHU de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires rares - Euro-NmD, CHU de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
| | - David Hupin
- Service de physiologie clinique et de l'exercice, CHU de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- Jean Monnet University Saint-Etienne, Mines Saint-Etienne, University hospital of Saint-Etienne, INSERM, SAINBIOSE, U1059, DVH team, Saint-Etienne, France
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Weavil JC, Thurston TS, Hureau TJ, Gifford JR, Aminizadeh S, Wan HY, Jenkinson RH, Amann M. Impact of aging on the work of breathing during exercise in healthy men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:689-698. [PMID: 35085030 PMCID: PMC8896992 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00443.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of aging on the elastic and resistive components of the work of breathing (Wb) during locomotor exercise at a given 1) ventilatory rate, 2) metabolic rate, and 3) operating lung volume. Eight healthy younger (25 ± 4 yr) and 8 older (72 ± 6 yr) participants performed incremental bicycle exercise, from which retrospective analyses identified similar ventilatory rates (approximately 40, 70, and 100 L·min-1), similar metabolic rates (V̇o2: approximately 1.2, 1.6, and 1.9 L·min-1), and similar lung volumes [inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes (IRV/ERV: approximately 25/34%, 16/33%, and 13-34% of vital capacity]. Wb at each level was quantified by integrating the averaged esophageal pressure-volume loop, which was then partitioned into elastic and resistive components of inspiratory and expiratory work using the modified Campbell diagram. IRV was smaller in the older participants during exercise at ventilations of 70 and 100 L·min-1 and during exercise at the three metabolic rates (P < 0.05). Mainly because of a greater inspiratory elastic and resistive Wb in the older group (P < 0.05), total Wb was augmented by 40%-50% during exercise at matched ventilatory and matched metabolic rates. When examined during exercise evoking similar lung volumes, total Wb was not different between the groups (P = 0.86). Taken together, although aging exaggerates total Wb during locomotor exercise at a given ventilatory or a given metabolic rate, this difference is abolished during exercise at a given operating lung volume. These findings highlight the significance of operating lung volume in determining the age-related difference in Wb during locomotor exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study evaluated the impact of aging on the work of breathing (Wb) during locomotor exercise evoking similar ventilatory rates, metabolic rates, and operating lung volumes in young and older individuals. Mainly because of a greater inspiratory elastic and resistive Wb in older participants, total Wb was higher during exercise at any given ventilatory and metabolic rate with aging. However, this age-related difference was abolished during exercise evoking similar operating lung volumes in both age groups. These findings highlight the significance of lung volumes in determining the age-related difference in total Wb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Weavil
- 1Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah,2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Taylor S. Thurston
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thomas J. Hureau
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jayson R. Gifford
- 1Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah,2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Soheil Aminizadeh
- 3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hsuan-Yu Wan
- 4Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Markus Amann
- 1Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah,2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah,4Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Zhang J, Iannetta D, Alzeeby M, MacInnis MJ, Aboodarda SJ. Exercising muscle mass influences neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses during and following ramp-incremental cycling to task failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R238-R249. [PMID: 34189949 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00286.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular (NM), cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses to maximal-graded exercise using different amounts of active muscle mass remain unclear. We hypothesized that during dynamic exercise, peripheral NM fatigue (declined twitch force) and muscle pain would be greater using smaller muscle mass, whereas central fatigue (declined voluntary activation) and ventilatory variables would be greater using larger muscle mass. Twelve males (29.8 ± 4.7 years) performed two ramp-incremental cycling tests until task failure: 1) single-leg (SL) with 10 W·min-1 ramp and 2) double-leg (DL) with 20 W·min-1 ramp. NM fatigue was assessed at baseline, task failure (post), and after 1, 4, and 8 min of recovery. Cardiorespiratory and perceptual variables [i.e., ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), pain, and dyspnea] were measured throughout cycling. Exercise duration was similar between sessions (SL: 857.7 ± 263.6 s; DL: 855.0 ± 218.8 s; P = 0.923), and higher absolute peak power output was attained in DL (SL: 163.2 ± 43.8 W; DL: 307.0 ± 72.0 W; P < 0.001). Although central fatigue did not differ between conditions (SL: -6.6 ± 6.5%; DL: -3.5 ± 4.8%; P = 0.091), maximal voluntary contraction (SL: -41.6 ± 10.9%; DL: -33.7 ± 8.5%; P = 0.032) and single twitch forces (SL: -59.4 ± 18.8%; DL: -46.2 ± 16.2%; P = 0.003) declined more following SL. DL elicited higher peak oxygen uptake (SL: 42.1 ± 10.0 mL·kg-1·min-1; DL: 50.3 ± 9.3 mL·kg-1·min-1; P < 0.001), ventilation (SL: 137.1 ± 38.1 L·min-1; DL: 171.5 ± 33.2 L·min-1; P < 0.001), and heart rate (SL: 167 ± 21 bpm; DL: 187 ± 8 bpm; P = 0.005). Dyspnea (P = 0.025) was higher in DL; however, RPE (P = 0.005) and pain (P < 0.001) were higher in SL. These results suggest that interplay between NM, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual determinants of exercise performance during ramp-incremental cycling to task failure is muscle mass dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Danilo Iannetta
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed Alzeeby
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martin J MacInnis
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saied J Aboodarda
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Fatigue development and perceived response during self-paced endurance exercise: state-of-the-art review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021. [PMID: 33389141 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04549-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Performance in self-paced endurance exercises results from continuous fatigue symptom management. While it is suggested that perceived responses and neuromuscular fatigue development may determine variations in exercise intensity, it is uncertain how these fatigue components interact throughout the task. To address the fatigue development in self-paced endurance exercises, the following topics were addressed in the present review: (1) fatigue development during constant-load vs. self-paced endurance exercises; (2) central and peripheral fatigue and perceived exertion interconnections throughout the self-paced endurance exercises; and (3) future directions and recommendations. Based on the available literature, it is suggested (1) the work rate variations during a self-paced endurance exercise result in transitions between exercise intensity domains, directly impacting the end-exercise central and peripheral fatigue level when compared to constant-load exercise mode; (2) central and peripheral fatigue, as well as perceived exertion response contribute to exercise intensity regulation at the different stages of the trial. It seems that while neuromuscular fatigue development might be relevant at beginning of the trial, the perceived exertion might interfere in the remaining parts to achieve maximal values only at the finish line; (3) future studies should focus on the mechanisms underpinning fatigue components interactions throughout the task and its influence on exercise intensity variations.
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Azevedo RDA, Silva-Cavalcante MD, Lima-Silva AE, Bertuzzi R. Fatigue development and perceived response during self-paced endurance exercise: state-of-the-art review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:687-696. [PMID: 33389141 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Performance in self-paced endurance exercises results from continuous fatigue symptom management. While it is suggested that perceived responses and neuromuscular fatigue development may determine variations in exercise intensity, it is uncertain how these fatigue components interact throughout the task. To address the fatigue development in self-paced endurance exercises, the following topics were addressed in the present review: (1) fatigue development during constant-load vs. self-paced endurance exercises; (2) central and peripheral fatigue and perceived exertion interconnections throughout the self-paced endurance exercises; and (3) future directions and recommendations. Based on the available literature, it is suggested (1) the work rate variations during a self-paced endurance exercise result in transitions between exercise intensity domains, directly impacting the end-exercise central and peripheral fatigue level when compared to constant-load exercise mode; (2) central and peripheral fatigue, as well as perceived exertion response contribute to exercise intensity regulation at the different stages of the trial. It seems that while neuromuscular fatigue development might be relevant at beginning of the trial, the perceived exertion might interfere in the remaining parts to achieve maximal values only at the finish line; (3) future studies should focus on the mechanisms underpinning fatigue components interactions throughout the task and its influence on exercise intensity variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Almeida Azevedo
- Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Marcos David Silva-Cavalcante
- Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.,Sport Science Research Group, Post-Graduation Program Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
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Weavil JC, Thurston TS, Hureau TJ, Gifford JR, Kithas PA, Broxterman RM, Bledsoe AD, Nativi JN, Richardson RS, Amann M. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction diminishes peripheral hemodynamics and accelerates exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H338-H351. [PMID: 33164549 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00266.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of HFpEF on neuromuscular fatigue and peripheral hemodynamics during small muscle mass exercise not limited by cardiac output. Eight HFpEF patients (NYHA II-III, ejection-fraction: 61 ± 2%) and eight healthy controls performed dynamic knee extension exercise (80% peak workload) to task failure and maximal intermittent quadriceps contractions (8 × 15 s). Controls repeated knee extension at the same absolute intensity as HFpEF. Leg blood flow (QL) was quantified using Doppler ultrasound. Pre/postexercise changes in quadriceps twitch torque (ΔQtw; peripheral fatigue), voluntary activation (ΔVA; central fatigue), and corticospinal excitability were quantified. At the same relative intensity, HFpEF (24 ± 5 W) and controls (42 ± 6 W) had a similar time-to-task failure (∼10 min), ΔQtw (∼50%), and ΔVA (∼6%). This resulted in a greater exercise-induced change in neuromuscular function per unit work in HFpEF, which was significantly correlated with a slower QL response time. Knee extension exercise at the same absolute intensity resulted in an ∼40% lower QL and greater ΔQtw and ΔVA in HFpEF than in controls. Corticospinal excitability remained unaltered during exercise in both groups. Finally, despite a similar ΔVA, ΔQtw was larger in HFpEF versus controls during isometric exercise. In conclusion, HFpEF patients are characterized by a similar development of central and peripheral fatigue as healthy controls when tested at the same relative intensity during exercise not limited by cardiac output. However, HFpEF patients have a greater susceptibility to neuromuscular fatigue during exercise at a given absolute intensity, and this impairs functional capacity. The patients' compromised QL response to exercise likely accounts, at least partly, for the patients' attenuated fatigue resistance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The susceptibility to neuromuscular fatigue during exercise is substantially exaggerated in individuals with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. The faster rate of fatigue development is associated with the compromised peripheral hemodynamic response characterizing these patients during exercise. Given the role of neuromuscular fatigue as a factor limiting exercise, this impairment likely accounts for a significant portion of the exercise intolerance typical for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Weavil
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - T S Thurston
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - T J Hureau
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - J R Gifford
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - P A Kithas
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - R M Broxterman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - A D Bledsoe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - J N Nativi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - R S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - M Amann
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Zarzissi S, Bouzid MA, Zghal F, Rebai H, Hureau TJ. Aging reduces the maximal level of peripheral fatigue tolerable and impairs exercise capacity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R617-R625. [PMID: 32966120 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00151.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the magnitude of the maximal level of peripheral fatigue attainable (fatigue threshold) during an all-out intermittent isometric knee-extensor protocol in both younger (24 ± 1 yr, n = 12) and older (60 ± 2 yr, n = 12) participants to provide new insights into the effects of aging on neuromuscular function. Participants performed two experimental sessions, in which they performed 60 maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs; 3 s of contraction, 2 s of relaxation). One trial was performed in the unfatigued state (CTRL) and one other following fatiguing neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps (FNMES). Peripheral fatigue was quantified via pre/postexercise decrease in quadriceps twitch force (∆Ptw). Critical force (CF) was determined as the mean force output of the last 12 contractions, whereas W' was calculated as the area above CF. Although FNMES led to a significant decrease in Ptw before performing the 60-MVCs protocol (P = 0.024), ∆Ptw was not different between CTRL and FNMES for both the young group (P = 0.491) and the old group (P = 0.523). However, this peripheral fatigue threshold was significantly greater in young versus old participants (∆Ptw = -48 ± 10% vs. -29 ± 13%, respectively, P = 0.028). In CTRL, W' was 55 ± 13% lower in the old group than in the young group (P < 0.001), but CF was similar (326 ± 10 N vs. 322 ± 12 N, respectively, P = 0.941). ∆Ptw was correlated with W', independently of age (r2 = 0.84, P < 0.001). Exercise performance decreases with aging consequent to a lower tolerance to peripheral fatigue. However, the peripheral fatigue threshold mechanism persists with healthy aging and continues to play a protective role in preserving locomotor muscle function during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Zarzissi
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health Laboratory, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health Laboratory, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Firas Zghal
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health Laboratory, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health Laboratory, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory (UR 3072), Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,European Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Exercise Physiology (CEERIPE), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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11
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Age-related neuromuscular fatigue and recovery after cycling: Measurements in isometric and dynamic modes. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Effect of aging on H-reflex response to fatigue. Exp Brain Res 2019; 238:273-282. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Older Adults Differentially Modulate Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Electroencephalography Measures of Cortical Inhibition during Maximal Single-joint Exercise. Neuroscience 2019; 425:181-193. [PMID: 31809730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of muscle fatigue are known to be altered in older adults, and age-related changes in the brain are likely to be a contributing factor. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these changes are not known. The aim of the current study was to use transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to investigate age-related changes in cortical excitability with muscle fatigue. In 23 young (mean age ± SD: 22 ± 2 years) and 17 older (mean age ± SD: 68.3 ± 5.6 years) adults, single-pulse TMS-EEG was applied before, during and after the performance of fatiguing, intermittent isometric abduction of the index finger. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) measures of cortical excitability were increased during (estimated mean difference, 123.3%; P < 0.0001) and after (estimated mean difference, 117.5%; P = 0.001) fatigue and this was not different between groups (P > 0.5). For TMS-EEG, the amplitude of the P30 and P180 potentials were unaffected by fatigue in older participants (P > 0.05). In contrast, the amplitude of the N45 potential in older adults was significantly reduced both during (positive cluster: mean voltage difference = 0.7 µV, P < 0.005; negative cluster: mean voltage difference = 0.9 µV, P < 0.0005) and after (mean voltage difference = 0.5 µV, P < 0.005) fatiguing exercise, whereas this response was absent in young participants. These results suggest that performance of maximal intermittent isometric exercise in old but not young adults is associated with modulation of cortical inhibition likely mediated by activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors.
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Zarzissi S, Zghal F, Bouzid MA, Hureau TJ, Sahli S, Ben Hassen H, Rebai H. Centrally-mediated regulation of peripheral fatigue during knee extensor exercise and consequences on the force-duration relationship in older men. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:641-649. [PMID: 31397211 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1655099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a critical threshold beyond which peripheral fatigue would not further decrease during knee extensor (KE) exercise in older men, and the consequences of this mechanism on the force-duration relationship. Twelve old men (59 ± 2 years) randomly performed two different sessions, in which they performed 60 maximum voluntary contractions (MVC; 3s contraction, 2s relaxation). One trial was performed in the unfatigued state (CTRL) and one other following fatiguing neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the KE (FNMES). Peripheral and central fatigue were quantified via pre/post-exercise decreases in quadriceps twitch-force (Δ Ptw) and voluntary activation (ΔVA). Critical torque (CT) was determined as the mean force of the last 12 contractions while W' was calculated as the area above CT. Compared with CTRL, pre-fatigue (Δ Ptw = -10.3 ± 6.2%) resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in W' (-18.2 ± 1.6%) in FNMES. However, CT (∼964 N), ΔVA (∼15%) and Δ Ptw (∼25%) post-MVCs were similar between both conditions. In CTRL, W' was correlated with Δ Ptw (r 2 = 0.78). Moreover, the difference in W' between CTRL and FNMES was correlated with the level of pre-fatigue induced in FNMES (r 2 = 0.76). These findings document that peripheral fatigue is confined to an individual threshold during KE exercise in older men. Furthermore, correlative results suggest that mechanisms regulating peripheral fatigue to a critical threshold also restrict W', and therefore play a role in exercise capacity in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Zarzissi
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Firas Zghal
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Mitochondria, oxidative stress and muscular protection laboratory (EA 3072), Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ben Hassen
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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15
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Abstract
This short review offers a general summary of the consequences of whole body exercise on neuromuscular fatigue pertaining to the locomotor musculature. Research from the past two decades have shown that whole body exercise causes considerable peripheral and central fatigue. Three determinants characteristic for locomotor exercise are discussed, namely, pulmonary system limitations, neural feedback mechanisms, and mental/psychological influences. We also discuss existing data suggesting that the impact of whole body exercise is not limited to locomotor muscles, but can also impair non-locomotor muscles, such as respiratory and cardiac muscles, and other limb muscles not directly contributing to the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Weavil
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Markus Amann
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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