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Qiao G, Xu P, Guo T, He X, Yue Y, Yang B. Genome-wide detection of structural variation in some sheep breeds using whole-genome long-read sequencing data. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:403-414. [PMID: 38247268 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Genomic structural variants (SVs) constitute a significant proportion of genetic variation in the genome. The rapid development of long-reads sequencing has facilitated the detection of long-fragment SVs. There is no published study to detect SVs using long-read data from sheep. We applied a long-read mapping approach to detect SVs and characterized a total of 30,771 insertions, deletions, inversions and translocations. We identified 716, 916, 842 and 303 specific SVs in Southdown sheep, Alpine merino sheep, Qilian White Tibetan sheep and Oula sheep, respectively. We annotated these SVs and found that these SV-related genes were primarily enriched in the well-established pathways involved in the regulation of the immune system, growth and development and environmental adaptability. We detected and annotated SVs based on NGS resequencing data to validate the accuracy based on third-generation detection. Moreover, five candidate SVs were verified using the PCR method in 50 sheep. Our study is the first to use a long-reads sequencing approach to construct a novel structural variation map in sheep. We have completed a preliminary exploration of the potential effects of SVs on sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Qiao
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Ecological Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai Communications Technical College, Xining, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue He
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaojing Yue
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bohui Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Quadros-Mennella PS, Lucin KM, White RE. What can the common fruit fly teach us about stroke?: lessons learned from the hypoxic tolerant Drosophila melanogaster. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1347980. [PMID: 38584778 PMCID: PMC10995290 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1347980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, resulting in hypoxia and glucose deprivation, is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Presently, there are no treatments that reduce neuronal damage and preserve function aside from tissue plasminogen activator administration and rehabilitation therapy. Interestingly, Drosophila melanogaster, the common fruit fly, demonstrates robust hypoxic tolerance, characterized by minimal effects on survival and motor function following systemic hypoxia. Due to its organized brain, conserved neurotransmitter systems, and genetic similarity to humans and other mammals, uncovering the mechanisms of Drosophila's tolerance could be a promising approach for the development of new therapeutics. Interestingly, a key facet of hypoxic tolerance in Drosophila is organism-wide metabolic suppression, a response involving multiple genes and pathways. Specifically, studies have demonstrated that pathways associated with oxidative stress, insulin, hypoxia-inducible factors, NFκB, Wnt, Hippo, and Notch, all potentially contribute to Drosophila hypoxic tolerance. While manipulating the oxidative stress response and insulin signaling pathway has similar outcomes in Drosophila hypoxia and the mammalian middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemia, effects of Notch pathway manipulation differ between Drosophila and mammals. Additional research is warranted to further explore how other pathways implicated in hypoxic tolerance in Drosophila, such as NFκB, and Hippo, may be utilized to benefit mammalian response to ischemia. Together, these studies demonstrate that exploration of the hypoxic response in Drosophila may lead to new avenues of research for stroke treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt M. Lucin
- Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, United States
| | - Robin E. White
- Department of Biology, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA, United States
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3
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Ping X, Li Q, Ding M, Wang X, Tang C, Yu Z, Yi Q, He Y, Zheng L. Effects of hypoxic compound exercise to promote HIF-1α expression on cardiac pumping function, sleep activity behavior, and exercise capacity in Drosophila. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23499. [PMID: 38430222 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302269r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Alteration of HIF-1α expression levels under hypoxic conditions affects the sequence of its downstream target genes thereby producing different effects. In order to investigate whether the effect of hypoxic compound exercise (HE) on HIF-1α expression alters cardiac pumping function, myocardial structure, and exercise capacity, we developed a suitable model of hypoxic exercise using Drosophila, a model organism, and additionally investigated the effect of hypoxic compound exercise on nocturnal sleep and activity behavior. The results showed that hypoxic compound exercise at 6% oxygen concentration for five consecutive days, lasting 1 h per day, significantly improved the cardiac stress resistance of Drosophila. The hypoxic complex exercise promoted the whole-body HIF-1α expression in Drosophila, and improved the jumping ability, climbing ability, moving speed, and moving distance. The expression of HIF-1α in the heart was increased after hypoxic exercise, which made a closer arrangement of myofilaments, an increase in the diameter of cardiac tubules, and an increase in the pumping function of the heart. The hypoxic compound exercise improved the sleep quality of Drosophila by increasing its nocturnal sleep time, the number of deep sleeps, and decreasing its nocturnal awakenings and activities. Therefore, we conclude that hypoxic compound exercise promoted the expression of HIF-1α to enhance the exercise capacity and heart pumping function of Drosophila, and improved the quality of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ping
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yupeng He
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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4
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Malacrida S, De Lazzari F, Mrakic-Sposta S, Vezzoli A, Zordan MA, Bisaglia M, Menti GM, Meda N, Frighetto G, Bosco G, Dal Cappello T, Strapazzon G, Reggiani C, Gussoni M, Megighian A. Lifespan and ROS levels in different Drosophila melanogaster strains after 24 h hypoxia exposure. Biol Open 2022; 11:275522. [PMID: 35616023 PMCID: PMC9253781 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades, model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster have made it possible to study the effects of different environmental oxygen conditions on lifespan and oxidative stress. However, many studies have often yielded controversial results usually assigned to variations in Drosophila genetic background and differences in study design. In this study, we compared longevity and ROS levels in young, unmated males of three laboratory wild-type lines (Canton-S, Oregon-R and Berlin-K) and one mutant line (Sod1n1) as a positive control of redox imbalance, under both normoxic and hypoxic (2% oxygen for 24 h) conditions. Lifespan was used to detect the effects of hypoxic treatment and differences were analysed by means of Kaplan–Meier survival curves and log-rank tests. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure ROS levels and analysis of variance was used to estimate the effects of hypoxic treatment and to assess ROS differences between strains. We observed that the genetic background is a relevant factor involved in D. melanogaster longevity and ROS levels. Indeed, as expected, in normoxia Sod1n1 are the shortest-lived, while the wild-type strains, despite a longer lifespan, show some differences, with the Canton-S line displaying the lowest mortality rate. After hypoxic stress these variances are amplified, with Berlin-K flies showing the highest mortality rate and most evident reduction of lifespan. Moreover, our analysis highlighted differential effects of hypoxia on redox balance/unbalance. Canton-S flies had the lowest increase of ROS level compared to all the other strains, confirming it to be the less sensitive to hypoxic stress. Sod1n1 flies displayed the highest ROS levels in normoxia and after hypoxia. These results should be used to further standardize future Drosophila research models designed to investigate genes and pathways that may be involved in lifespan and/or ROS, as well as comparative studies on specific mutant strains. Summary: In our study Drosophila melanogaster was used to evaluate the effects of different environmental oxygen conditions on survival and ROS levels in three wild-type and one mutant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Malacrida
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Via Ipazia 2, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Federica De Lazzari
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Physiology, Genetics and Behaviour Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro A Zordan
- Physiology, Genetics and Behaviour Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Physiology, Genetics and Behaviour Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Maria Menti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Meda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Frighetto
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, 610 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Tomas Dal Cappello
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Via Ipazia 2, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Strapazzon
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Via Ipazia 2, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Maristella Gussoni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "G. Natta"-SCITEC, National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Aram Megighian
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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5
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Liu P, Huang J, Mei W, Zeng X, Wang C, Wen C, Xu J. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-reoxygenation damage via raising autophagy related 4C expression. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9496-9506. [PMID: 34699312 PMCID: PMC8810140 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious issue during the therapy of myocardial infarction. Herein, we explored the beneficial influence of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-stimulated cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells damage, along with possible internal molecular mechanism related autophagy related 4C (ATG4C). H9c2 cells were subjected to H/R stimulation and/or EGCG treatment. ATG4C mRNA expression was measured via q-PCR assay. ATG4C overexpression plasmid (OE-ATG4C) was transfected to arise ATG4C level. Cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ATP level were tested via CCK-8 assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, DCFH-DA staining and ATP Assay Kit, respectively. Western blotting was performed to test Cleaved-caspase 3, Cleaved-caspase 9, cytochrome C, and LC3B protein levels. H/R stimulation resulted in H9c2 cell viability loss, promoted cell apoptosis, and ROS overproduction, as well as lowered ATP level in cells. EGCG treatment alleviated H/R-resulted H9c2 cell viability loss, cell apoptosis, ROS overproduction, and reduction of ATP level. Moreover, H/R stimulation reduced the ATG4C expression in H9c2 cells, while EGCG raised the ATG4C expression. Overexpression of ATG4C strengthened the beneficial influence of EGCG on H/R-stimulated H9c2 cell viability, apoptosis and ROS production. Besides, ATG4C overexpression weakened the H/R-stimulated H9c2 cell autophagy via reducing LC3B II/I expression. EGCG exerted beneficial influence on H/R-stimulated cardiomyocytes, which protected cardiomyocytes from H/R-stimulated viability loss, apoptosis, and ROS overproduction via enhancing ATG4C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pediatric Neurology and Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanzhen Mei
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pediatric Neurology and Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingfang Zeng
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pediatric Neurology and Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuan Wen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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6
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Yan J, Song K, Zhou S, Ge RL. Long-Term High-Fat Diet Inhibits the Recovery of Myocardial Mitochondrial Function After Chronic Hypoxia Reoxygenation in Rats. High Alt Med Biol 2021; 22:327-334. [PMID: 34191588 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2021.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yan, Jun, Kang Song, Sisi Zhou, and Ri-Li Ge. Long-term high-fat diet inhibits the recovery of myocardial mitochondrial function after chronic hypoxia reoxygenation in rats. High Alt Med Biol. 16:000-000, 2021. Aims: A high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mitochondrial dysfunction. Obesity incidence is low at high altitudes, but the impact of HFD, which is closely associated with obesity at high altitudes, and the effects of reoxygenation on the heart are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term HFD consumption on mitochondrial function in the myocardium after chronic hypoxia reoxygenation. Main Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the following six groups: normoxia groups, including a control group and HFD group; chronic hypoxia groups, including a normal chow diet (CH-CD) group and an HFD (CH-HFD) group; and hypoxic-reoxygenated (HR) groups, including a hypoxia-reoxygenation normal chow diet (HR-CD) group and a hypoxia-reoxygenation HFD (HR-HFD) group. All rats were euthanized in this study. Results: We found that chronic hypoxia aggravated myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction. The Flameng score (in which the higher the score, the more severe the mitochondrial damage) was used to assess the extent of mitochondrial structural damage. Compared with the control group and HFD group, the Flameng scores of the CH-CD and CH-HFD groups were significantly increased, respectively [1.260 ± 0.063 vs. 0.68 ± 0.05 (p < 0.05); 2.03 ± 0.07 vs. 1.48 ± 0.05 (p < 0.05)]. Moreover, progressive reoxygenation facilitated the recovery of myocardial mitochondrial function; this process was inhibited by long-term HFD. After reoxygenation, the Flameng scores in the HR-CD group became comparable to those in the CH-CD group [0.86 ± 0.05 vs. 1.26 ± 0.06 (p < 0.05)]. However, no significant changes were observed in the Flameng score between the HR-HFD and CH-HFD groups. Significance: Long-term HFD consumption inhibits myocardial mitochondrial function after reoxygenation. This finding may be helpful for the prevention and control of risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases in plateau residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Xining, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kang Song
- Endocrinology Department, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Zhou
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Xining, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Xining, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, P.R. China
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7
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Hypoxia and its preconditioning on cardiac and vascular remodelling in experimental animals. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 285:103588. [PMID: 33253893 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since oxygen (O2) is indispensable for mammalian life, every cell in the body is endowed with mechanisms to detect and to respond to changes in the O2 levels in the microenvironment. The heart and the brain are the two most vital, life-supporting organs requiring a continuous supply of O2 to sustain their high metabolic rate. On being challenged with hypoxia, maintenance of O2 supply to these organs even at the cost of others becomes a priority. This review describes the cardiovascular, skeletal muscle vascular, pulmonary vascular and cerebrovascular remodelling in face of chronic mild hypoxia exposure and the underlying mechanisms, with special reference to the role of oxidative stress, hypoxia signalling, autonomic nervous mechanisms. The significance of the normalized wall index (NWI) in assessing the remodelling of the vessels particularly of the intramyocardial coronary artery has been underscored. The review also highlights the basic concepts of hypoxic preconditioning and the subsequent protection of the brain against an acute ischemic insult in preclinical studies hinting towards its possible therapeutic potential in the management of ischemic stroke.
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8
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Tepolt CK, Palumbi SR. Rapid Adaptation to Temperature via a Potential Genomic Island of Divergence in the Invasive Green Crab, Carcinus maenas. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.580701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread species often adapt easily to novel conditions – both those found in new habitats and those generated by climate change. However, rapid adaptation may be hindered in the marine realm, where long-distance dispersal and consequently high gene flow are predicted to limit potential for local adaptation. Here, we use a highly dispersive invasive marine crab to test the nature and speed of adaptation to temperature in the sea. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated from cardiac transcriptome sequencing, we characterized six populations of the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) located across parallel thermal gradients in their native and invasive ranges. We compared SNP frequencies with local temperatures and previously generated data on cardiac heat and cold tolerance to identify candidate markers associated with population-level differences in thermal physiology. Of 10,790 SNPs, 104 were identified as frequency outliers, a signal that was strongly driven by association with temperature and/or cold tolerance. Seventy-two of these outlier markers, representing 28 different genes, were in a cluster of SNPs identified as a potential inversion polymorphism using linkage disequilibrium network analysis. This SNP cluster was unique in the data set, which was otherwise characterized by low levels of linkage disequilibrium, and markers in this cluster showed a significant enrichment of coding substitutions relative to the full SNP set. These 72 outlier SNPs appear to be transmitted as a unit, and represent a putative genomic island of divergence which varied in frequency with organismal cold tolerance. This relationship was strikingly similar across both native and invasive populations, all of which showed a very strong correlation with cold tolerance (R2 = 0.96 over all six populations). Notably, three of these populations have diverged recently (<100 years) and show little to no neutral divergence, suggesting that this genomic region may be responding to temperature on a relatively short time scale. This relationship indicates adaptation to temperature based on the action of a putative genomic island of divergence, perhaps partially explaining the extraordinary invasive ability of this species.
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9
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Li QF, Wang H, Zheng L, Yang F, Li HZ, Li JX, Cheng D, Lu K, Liu Y. Effects of Modest Hypoxia and Exercise on Cardiac Function, Sleep-Activity, Negative Geotaxis Behavior of Aged Female Drosophila. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1610. [PMID: 32038290 PMCID: PMC6985434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild normobaric hypoxia (NH) and modest exercise have multiple beneficial effects on health, but the changes in physiological function induced by NH and/or exercise remain unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the specific effects of NH and/or exercise on cardiac function and myocardial structure and behavior including sleep-activity and negative geotaxis in aged Drosophila. We also assessed the survival rate of flies after hypoxia and/or exercise. One-thousand wild-type w1118 virgin female flies were randomly divided into four groups and treated with NH and/or exercise from ages 3-6 weeks. We found that exercise remarkably delayed the decline of actin and myosin and the age-related changes in cardiac structure, improved abnormal cardiac contraction, and enhanced the cardiac pumping force by inducing cardiac hypertrophy and delaying deterioration of cardiac contractility and diastolic compliance, and improved abnormal heart contraction. NH also increased the content of actin and myosin, but induced a decrease in heart diameter and heart rate, as well as an increase in the number of mitochondria and deeper sleep, which may be the manifestation of energy saving under long-term hypoxia. Both NH and exercise improved sleep quality and climbing ability of aged flies, as well as extended the maximum life span, which shows the benefits of hypoxia and exercise. Finally, the superposition of NH and exercise did not impart any obvious physiological and behavior improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the appropriate combination of hypoxia and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Xiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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10
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De Nobrega AK, Lyons LC. Aging and the clock: Perspective from flies to humans. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:454-481. [PMID: 30269400 PMCID: PMC6441388 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous circadian oscillators regulate molecular, cellular and physiological rhythms, synchronizing tissues and organ function to coordinate activity and metabolism with environmental cycles. The technological nature of modern society with round-the-clock work schedules and heavy reliance on personal electronics has precipitated a striking increase in the incidence of circadian and sleep disorders. Circadian dysfunction contributes to an increased risk for many diseases and appears to have adverse effects on aging and longevity in animal models. From invertebrate organisms to humans, the function and synchronization of the circadian system weakens with age aggravating the age-related disorders and pathologies. In this review, we highlight the impacts of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the reciprocal effects of aging on circadian function with examples from Drosophila to humans underscoring the highly conserved nature of these interactions. Additionally, we review the potential for using reinforcement of the circadian system to promote healthy aging and mitigate age-related pathologies. Advancements in medicine and public health have significantly increased human life span in the past century. With the demographics of countries worldwide shifting to an older population, there is a critical need to understand the factors that shape healthy aging. Drosophila melanogaster, as a model for aging and circadian interactions, has the capacity to facilitate the rapid advancement of research in this area and provide mechanistic insights for targeted investigations in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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11
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Transcriptome sequencing of Eospalax fontanierii to determine hypoxia regulation of cardiac fibrinogen. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5671-5683. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Zarndt R, Walls SM, Ocorr K, Bodmer R. Reduced Cardiac Calcineurin Expression Mimics Long-Term Hypoxia-Induced Heart Defects in Drosophila. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2017; 10:e001706. [PMID: 28986453 PMCID: PMC5669044 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.117.001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is often associated with cardiopulmonary diseases, which represent some of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Long-term hypoxia exposures, whether from disease or environmental condition, can cause cardiomyopathy and lead to heart failure. Indeed, hypoxia-induced heart failure is a hallmark feature of chronic mountain sickness in maladapted populations living at high altitude. In a previously established Drosophila heart model for long-term hypoxia exposure, we found that hypoxia caused heart dysfunction. Calcineurin is known to be critical in cardiac hypertrophy under normoxia, but its role in the heart under hypoxia is poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we explore the function of calcineurin, a gene candidate we found downregulated in the Drosophila heart after lifetime and multigenerational hypoxia exposure. We examined the roles of 2 homologs of Calcineurin A, CanA14F, and Pp2B in the Drosophila cardiac response to long-term hypoxia. We found that knockdown of these calcineurin catalytic subunits caused cardiac restriction under normoxia that are further aggravated under hypoxia. Conversely, cardiac overexpression of Pp2B under hypoxia was lethal, suggesting that a hypertrophic signal in the presence of insufficient oxygen supply is deleterious. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a key role for calcineurin in cardiac remodeling during long-term hypoxia with implications for diseases of chronic hypoxia, and it likely contributes to mechanisms underlying these disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Zarndt
- From the Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (R.Z., S.M.W., K.O., R.B.) and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego (R.Z.), La Jolla, CA
| | - Stanley M Walls
- From the Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (R.Z., S.M.W., K.O., R.B.) and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego (R.Z.), La Jolla, CA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- From the Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (R.Z., S.M.W., K.O., R.B.) and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego (R.Z.), La Jolla, CA.
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- From the Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (R.Z., S.M.W., K.O., R.B.) and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego (R.Z.), La Jolla, CA.
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Wang Z, Oppegard SC, Eddington DT, Cheng J. Effect of localized hypoxia on Drosophila embryo development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185267. [PMID: 28934338 PMCID: PMC5608372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress, such as oxygen deprivation, affects various cellular activities and developmental processes. In this study, we directly investigated Drosophila embryo development in vivo while cultured on a microfluidic device, which imposed an oxygen gradient on the developing embryos. The designed microfluidic device enabled both temporal and spatial control of the local oxygen gradient applied to the live embryos. Time-lapse live cell imaging was used to monitor the morphology and cellular migration patterns as embryos were placed in various geometries relative to the oxygen gradient. Results show that pole cell movement and tail retraction during Drosophila embryogenesis are highly sensitive to oxygen concentrations. Through modeling, we also estimated the oxygen permeability across the Drosophila embryonic layers for the first time using parameters measured on our oxygen control device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shawn C. Oppegard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David T. Eddington
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Shahrestani P, Burke MK, Birse R, Kezos JN, Ocorr K, Mueller LD, Rose MR, Bodmer R. Experimental Evolution and Heart Function in Drosophila. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:281-293. [PMID: 28277957 DOI: 10.1086/689288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a good model species for the study of heart function. However, most previous work on D. melanogaster heart function has focused on the effects of large-effect genetic variants. We compare heart function among 18 D. melanogaster populations that have been selected for altered development time, aging, or stress resistance. We find that populations with faster development and faster aging have increased heart dysfunction, measured as percentage heart failure after electrical pacing. Experimental evolution of different triglyceride levels, by contrast, has little effect on heart function. Evolved differences in heart function correlate with allele frequency changes at many loci of small effect. Genomic analysis of these populations produces a list of candidate loci that might affect cardiac function at the intersection of development, aging, and metabolic control mechanisms.
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15
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Evans RG. Oxygen regulation in biological systems. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R673-8. [PMID: 26911461 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00004.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Pearson JT. Cardiac responses to hypoxia and reoxygenation in Drosophila. New insights into evolutionarily conserved gene responses. Focus on "Cardiac responses to hypoxia and reoxygenation in Drosophila". Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1344-6. [PMID: 26447213 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00419.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T Pearson
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Melbourne, Australia, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Australia
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