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De Luca A, Küster A, Tea I, Darmaun D, Rozé JC, Robins R, Hankard R. Plasma amino acid pools in the umbilical cord artery show lower 15N natural isotope abundance relative to the maternal venous pools. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:3-10. [PMID: 32972258 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1817914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
15N natural isotope abundance (NIA) is systematically higher in infants' hair than in that of their mothers at birth. This study aimed to investigate this difference in plasma pools. We compared 15N NIA values for plasma amino acid (AA) pools (free + protein-bound) in the umbilical cord artery (UCA) and vein (UCV) and in the maternal vein (MV) at birth. This preliminary study included 7 mother-infant dyads. Whole plasma was treated (HCl) to hydrolyze protein. Following derivatization, AAs were separated using gas chromatography and compound-specific 15N NIA values were measured on-line using an isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometer. 15N NIA plasma AA pools in the UCA and UCV were highly correlated to the MV, r 2 > 0.89 and r 2 > 0.88 (both P < 10-4) respectively. The full model found a significant effect of sampling compartment (P = 0.02) and AA type (P < 0.0001) on 15N NIA plasma AA values. 15N NIA plasma AA was 0.74 ‰ higher (P = 0.01) in the MV than in the UCA. This study indicates that a decrease in 15N NIA for plasma AA pools occurs in the fetal-placental unit. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00607061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud De Luca
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
- Nutrition Unit, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours, France
| | - Alice Küster
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units, University Hospital Centre, Nantes, France
- INRAE UMR PhAN, University of Nantes, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Illa Tea
- University of Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Rozé
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units, University Hospital Centre, Nantes, France
- INRAE UMR PhAN, University of Nantes, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Robins
- University of Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
- Nutrition Unit, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours, France
- University F Rabelais, Tours, France
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Methionine-balanced diets improve cattle performance in fattening young bulls fed high-forage diets through changes in nitrogen metabolism. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:273-285. [PMID: 32223766 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ruminants fed high-forage diets usually have a low feed efficiency, and their performances might be limited by methionine (Met) supply. However, the INRA feeding system for growing cattle does not give recommendation for this amino acid (AA). This study aimed to assess the effects of Met-balanced diets on animal performance and N metabolism in young bulls fed high-forage diets formulated at or above protein requirements. Four diets resulting from a factorial arrangement of two protein levels (Normal (13·5 % crude protein) v. High (16·2 % crude protein)) crossed with two Met concentrations (unbalanced (2·0 % of metabolisable protein) v. balanced (2·6 % of metabolisable protein)) were tested on thirty-four fattening Charolais bulls for 7 months before slaughter. Animal growth rate was greater in Met-balanced diets (+8 %; P = 0·02) with a trend for a greater impact in High v. Normal protein diets (P = 0·10). This trend was observed in lower plasma concentrations of branched-chain AA only when Met supplementation was applied to the Normal protein diet (P ≤ 0·06) suggesting another co-limiting AA at Normal protein level. Feed conversion efficiency and N use efficiency were unaffected by Met supplementation (P > 0·05). However, some plasma indicators suggested a better use of AA when High protein diets were balanced v. unbalanced in Met. The proportion of total adipose tissue in carcass increased (+5 percent units; P = 0·03), whereas that of muscle decreased on average 0·8 percent units (P = 0·05) in Met-balanced diets. Our results justify the integration of AA into dietary recommendations for growing cattle.
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De Luca A, Bernardo K, Frasquet-Darrieux M, Christin P, Schiphorst AM, Grand M, Ingrand P, Robins RJ, Hankard R. Maternal obesity does not influence human milk protein 15N natural isotope abundance. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 55:385-393. [PMID: 31132878 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2019.1620229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases protein metabolism with a potential effect on nitrogen isotope fractionation. The aim of this study was to test the influence of obesity on human milk extracted protein 15N natural isotope abundance (NIA) at one month post-partum and to compare human milk extracted protein 15N NIA and bulk infant hair 15N NIA. This cross-sectional observational study involved 16 obese mothers (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m-2 before pregnancy) matched with 16 normal-weight mothers (18.5 kg m-2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg m-2) for age and pregnancy characteristics. Human milk extracted protein and bulk infant hair 15N NIA were determined by isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry interfaced to an elemental analyser (IRM-EA/MS). No significant difference was found in human milk protein 15N NIA values between obese and normal-weight mothers (8.93 ± 0.48 ‰ vs. 8.95 ± 0.27 ‰). However, human milk protein 15N NIA was significantly lower than bulk infant hair 15N NIA: 8.94 ± 0.38 ‰ vs. 9.66 ± 0.69 ‰, respectively. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that human milk protein 15N NIA measured at one month post-partum is not influenced by maternal obesity. These findings suggest that 15N NIA may be exploited to study metabolism without considering maternal obesity as a confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud De Luca
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
| | - Karine Bernardo
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
| | | | - Patricia Christin
- c Pediatrics and Child Nutrition, University Hospital , Poitiers , France
- d Maternity Ward, General Hospital , Chatellerault , France
| | - Anne-Marie Schiphorst
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- f Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) CIC 1402 , Poitiers , France
- g Institute of Public Health, Poitiers University , Poitiers , France
| | - Richard J Robins
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Regis Hankard
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
- h Faculty of Medicine, F Rabelais University , Tours , France
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Bernardo K, Jousse C, Fafournoux P, Schiphorst AM, Grand M, Robins RJ, Hankard R, De Luca A. Protein restricted diet during gestation and/or lactation in mice affects 15N natural isotopic abundance of organs in the offspring: Effect of diet 15N content and growth. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205271. [PMID: 30304003 PMCID: PMC6179277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND STUDY This study aimed at measuring the effect in normal to restricted protein diets with specific 15N natural isotopic abundance (NIA) given during gestation and/or lactation on the 15N NIA of fur, liver and muscle in dams and their offspring from birth to adulthood. The secondary aim was to study the effect of growth on the same parameters. METHODS Female Balb/c mice were fed normal protein diet containing 22% protein or isocaloric low protein diet containing 10% protein throughout gestation. Dam's diets were either maintained or switched to the other diet until weaning at 30 days. All animals were fed standard chow thereafter. Offspring were sacrificed at 1, 11, 30, 60, 480 days and a group of dams at d1. Growth was modeled as an exponential function on the group followed up until 480 days. Fur, liver and muscle were sampled at sacrifice and analyzed for bulk 15N NIA. Fixed effects and interactions between fixed effects and random elements were tested by three-way ANOVA. RESULTS Higher 15N NIA in the diet resulted in higher organ 15N NIA. Switching from one diet to another changed 15N NIA in each organ. Although dam and offspring shared the same isotopic environment during gestation, 15N NIA at day 1 was higher in dams. Growth rate did not differ between groups after 10 days and decreased between 1 and 5 months. 15N NIA differed between organs and was affected by growth and gestation/lactation. CONCLUSION Dietary 15N NIA is a major determinant of the 15N NIA of organs. 15N NIA depended on organ and age (i.e. growth) suggesting an effect of metabolism and/or dilution space. Post-natal normal-protein diet of lactating dams could reverse the effect of a protein-restricted diet during gestation on the offspring growth. Measuring 15N NIA in various matrices may open a field of application particularly useful in studying the pre- and post-natal origins of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bernardo
- Inserm UMR 1069, Tours, France
- University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
- F Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Céline Jousse
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schiphorst
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Richard J. Robins
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- Inserm UMR 1069, Tours, France
- University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
- F Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- Inserm UMR 1069, Tours, France
- University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
- * E-mail:
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Hülsemann F, Koehler K, Flenker U, Schänzer W. Do we excrete what we eat? Analysis of stable nitrogen isotope ratios of human urinary urea. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1221-1227. [PMID: 28466567 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Natural stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15 N) are frequently used for the determination of provenance and dietary assessment of recent and ancient humans. Although individual δ15 N values typically correspond to the dietary δ15 N composition, they are also affected by metabolic conditions. Preferred matrices for the measurement of human δ15 N values have been hair, nail or blood. The goal of this study was to validate a novel approach for the assessment of the δ15 N values from urinary urea, the principal end-product of human N metabolism. METHODS The method, which involves the precipitation of urea from urine using xanthydrol, was validated using fortified urea solutions. Intra- and inter-individual variance of the δ15 N values of urinary urea was determined from samples obtained from multiple human subjects. RESULTS Precipitation with xanthydrol did not alter the δ15 N values of urea. The mean δ15 N value in urinary urea from human subjects from Germany was +4.4 ± 0.6 ‰, which corresponds to the estimated dietary composition. It falls below previously reported δ15 N values for human tissue and blood samples. Longitudinal analyses over 7 days illustrate short-time changes linked to varying protein intake. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that δ15 N values can be measured reliably from human urine and that the method is suitable to monitor rapid dietary and metabolic changes of an individual. Our findings further confirm that urinary urea is depleted in 15 N compared with human tissue but within the range of the δ15 N composition of the diet. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hülsemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
- The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Karsten Koehler
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
- The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
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Fuller BT, Petzke KJ. The dietary protein paradox and threonine 15 N-depletion: Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate enzyme activity as a mechanism for the δ 15 N trophic level effect. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:705-718. [PMID: 28181729 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15 N values) are used to reconstruct dietary patterns, but the biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for the diet to tissue trophic level effect and its variability are not fully understood. Here δ15 N amino acid (AA) values and physiological measurements (nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates) are used to investigate increased dietary protein consumption and oxidative stress (vitamin E deficiency) in rat total plasma protein. METHODS Using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry, the δ15 N values from N-pivaloyl-i-propyl esters of 15 AAs are reported for rats (n = 40) fed casein-based diets with: adequate protein (AP, 13.8%; n = 10), medium protein (MP, 25.7%; n = 10), high protein (HP, 51.3%; n = 10) or HP without vitamin E (HP-E; n = 10) for 18 weeks. RESULTS Between the HP and AP groups, the δ15 NAA values of threonine (-4.0‰), serine (+1.4‰) and glycine (+1.2‰) display the largest differences and show significant correlations with: nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates. This indicates increased AA catabolism by the dietary induction of shared common metabolic pathways involving the enzymes threonine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.19), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) and the glycine cleavage system (EC 2.1.2.10). The δ15 NAA values of the HP-E and HP groups were not found to be significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The 15 N-depleted results of threonine are linked to increased activity of threonine ammonia-lyase, and show potential as a possible biomarker for protein intake and/or gluconeogenesis. We hypothesize that the inverse nitrogen equilibrium isotope effects of Schiff base formation, between AAs and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate cofactor enzymes, play a key role in the bioaccumulation and depletion of 15 N in the biomolecules of living organisms and contributes to the variability in the nitrogen trophic level effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Fuller
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Klaus J Petzke
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
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De Luca A, Laugier S, Tea I, Robins RJ, Saulnier PJ, Torremocha F, Piguel X, Maréchaud R, Hankard R, Hadjadj S. Impact on bulk 15N natural isotopic abundance in hair of kidney function in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnme.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Poupin N, Mariotti F, Huneau JF, Hermier D, Fouillet H. Natural isotopic signatures of variations in body nitrogen fluxes: a compartmental model analysis. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003865. [PMID: 25275306 PMCID: PMC4183419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Body tissues are generally 15N-enriched over the diet, with a discrimination factor (Δ15N) that varies among tissues and individuals as a function of their nutritional and physiopathological condition. However, both 15N bioaccumulation and intra- and inter-individual Δ15N variations are still poorly understood, so that theoretical models are required to understand their underlying mechanisms. Using experimental Δ15N measurements in rats, we developed a multi-compartmental model that provides the first detailed representation of the complex functioning of the body's Δ15N system, by explicitly linking the sizes and Δ15N values of 21 nitrogen pools to the rates and isotope effects of 49 nitrogen metabolic fluxes. We have shown that (i) besides urea production, several metabolic pathways (e.g., protein synthesis, amino acid intracellular metabolism, urea recycling and intestinal absorption or secretion) are most probably associated with isotope fractionation and together contribute to 15N accumulation in tissues, (ii) the Δ15N of a tissue at steady-state is not affected by variations of its P turnover rate, but can vary according to the relative orientation of tissue free amino acids towards oxidation vs. protein synthesis, (iii) at the whole-body level, Δ15N variations result from variations in the body partitioning of nitrogen fluxes (e.g., urea production, urea recycling and amino acid exchanges), with or without changes in nitrogen balance, (iv) any deviation from the optimal amino acid intake, in terms of both quality and quantity, causes a global rise in tissue Δ15N, and (v) Δ15N variations differ between tissues depending on the metabolic changes involved, which can therefore be identified using simultaneous multi-tissue Δ15N measurements. This work provides proof of concept that Δ15N measurements constitute a new promising tool to investigate how metabolic fluxes are nutritionally or physiopathologically reorganized or altered. The existence of such natural and interpretable isotopic biomarkers promises interesting applications in nutrition and health. Body proteins ensure vital functions, and their constancy is maintained through the tight coordination of many nitrogen metabolic fluxes, but our understanding of how this flux system is regulated, and sometimes dysregulated, remains fragmentary and incomplete. Besides, body tissues are generally naturally enriched in the heavier stable nitrogen isotope (15N) over the diet: this 15N bioaccumulation (Δ15N) varies depending on tissues and metabolic orientations, likely as the result of isotope effects associated to some metabolic pathways. We used a novel approach, combining multi-tissue Δ15N measurements and their analysis using modeling, to understand how body Δ15N values relate to nitrogen fluxes. The multi-tissue model we have developed provides a clearer understanding of the metabolic processes that generate isotopic fractionation, and of how tissue Δ15N values are modulated in response to changes in the body distribution of specific nitrogen fluxes. We show that Δ15N values tend to rise when the amino acids intake does not optimally fit the metabolic demand, and that Δ15N values constitute natural and interpretable signatures of nutritionally-induced variations in nitrogen fluxes. This approach constitutes a new promising tool to investigate how nitrogen metabolism is nutritionally or physiopathologically reorganized or altered, and promises interesting applications in many areas (nutrition, pathology, ecology, paleontology, etc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Poupin
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - François Mariotti
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Huneau
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hermier
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
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