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Thej C, Roy R, Cheng Z, Garikipati VNS, Truongcao MM, Joladarashi D, Mallaredy V, Cimini M, Gonzalez C, Magadum A, Ghosh J, Benedict C, Koch WJ, Kishore R. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate sex differences in cardiac reparative functions of bone marrow progenitor cells. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:17. [PMID: 38684697 PMCID: PMC11058271 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Historically, a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related deaths in women as compared with men of the same age has been attributed to female sex hormones, particularly estrogen and its receptors. Autologous bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) clinical trials for cardiac cell therapy overwhelmingly included male patients. However, meta-analysis data from these trials suggest a better functional outcome in postmenopausal women as compared with aged-matched men. Mechanisms governing sex-specific cardiac reparative activity in BMSCs, with and without the influence of sex hormones, remain unexplored. To discover these mechanisms, Male (M), female (F), and ovariectomized female (OVX) mice-derived EPCs were subjected to a series of molecular and epigenetic analyses followed by in vivo functional assessments of cardiac repair. F-EPCs and OVX EPCs show a lower inflammatory profile and promote enhanced cardiac reparative activity after intra-cardiac injections in a male mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). Epigenetic sequencing revealed a marked difference in the occupancy of the gene repressive H3K9me3 mark, particularly at transcription start sites of key angiogenic and proinflammatory genes in M-EPCs compared with F-EPCs and OVX-EPCs. Our study unveiled that functional sex differences in EPCs are, in part, mediated by differential epigenetic regulation of the proinflammatory and anti-angiogenic gene CCL3, orchestrated by the control of H3K9me3 by histone methyltransferase, G9a/Ehmt2. Our research highlights the importance of considering the sex of donor cells for progenitor-based tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan Thej
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Rajika Roy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhongjian Cheng
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | | | - May M Truongcao
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Darukeshwara Joladarashi
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Vandana Mallaredy
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Maria Cimini
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ajit Magadum
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jayashri Ghosh
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Cindy Benedict
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Maged G, Abdelsamed MA, Wang H, Lotfy A. The potency of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: does donor sex matter? Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:112. [PMID: 38644508 PMCID: PMC11034072 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic tool in cell therapy and tissue engineering because of their multi-lineage differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory effects, and tissue protective potential. To achieve optimal results as a therapeutic tool, factors affecting MSC potency, including but not limited to cell source, donor age, and cell batch, have been investigated. Although the sex of the donor has been attributed as a potential factor that can influence MSC potency and efficacy, the impact of donor sex on MSC characteristics has not been carefully investigated. In this review, we summarize published studies demonstrating donor-sex-related MSC heterogeneity and emphasize the importance of disclosing donor sex as a key factor affecting MSC potency in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Maged
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Menna A Abdelsamed
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Ahmed Lotfy
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Knewtson KE, Ohl NR, Robinson JL. Estrogen Signaling Dictates Musculoskeletal Stem Cell Behavior: Sex Differences in Tissue Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:789-812. [PMID: 34409868 PMCID: PMC9419932 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms in humans and other species exist in visually evident features such as body size and less apparent characteristics, including disease prevalence. Current research is adding to a growing understanding of sex differences in stem cell function and response to external stimuli, including sex hormones such as estrogens. These differences are proving significant and directly impact both the understanding of stem cell processes in tissue repair and the clinical implementation of stem cell therapies. Adult stem cells of the musculoskeletal system, including those used for development and repair of muscle, bone, cartilage, fibrocartilage, ligaments, and tendons, are no exception. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have found differences in stem cell number, proliferative and differentiation capabilities, and response to estrogen treatment between males and females of many species. Maintaining the stemness and reducing senescence of adult stem cells is an important topic with implications in regenerative therapy and aging. As such, this review discusses the effect of estrogens on musculoskeletal system stem cell response in multiple species and highlights the research gaps that still need to be addressed. The following evidence from investigations of sex-related phenotypes in adult progenitor and stem cells are pieces to the big puzzle of sex-related effects on aging and disease and critical information for both fundamental tissue repair and regeneration studies and safe and effective clinical use of stem cells. Impact Statement This review summarizes current knowledge of sex differences in and the effects of estrogen treatment on musculoskeletal stem cells in the context of tissue engineering. Specifically, it highlights the impact of sex on musculoskeletal stem cell function and ability to regenerate tissue. Furthermore, it discusses the varying effects of estrogen on stem cell properties, including proliferation and differentiation, important to tissue engineering. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of estrogens and the importance of performing sex comparative studies in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Knewtson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Nathan R. Ohl
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Address correspondence to: Jennifer L. Robinson, PhD, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 West 15th Street Room 4132, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Erythropoietin improves effects of mesenchymal stem cells in an experimental model of sepsis. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract83687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years several studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to reduce the systemic inflammatory response and mortality in experimental models of sepsis. As recently found, the surface of MSCs have receptors for erythropoietin (EPO). So we hypothesized that the introduction of EPO together with MSCs may enhance their effect and improve the results of sepsis treatment.
Aim: То evaluate morphologic and immunologic effects of combined treatment with EPO and MSC in an experimental LPS sepsis model in rats.
Methods: 50 Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups: Group 1 - the healthy controls, Groups 2-5 were intraperitoneally introduced bacterial LPS 20 mg/kg. Two hours after LPS injection animals received the following intravenous treatments: Group 3 - 4xl05 allogeneic MSCs, Group 4 - 8.5 pg of recombinant EPO-beta, Group 5 - MSCs and EPO in the same doses. Surviving animals were euthanased on the 4th day. The morphological study of the liver, spleen, thymus, lungs, kidney tissues was performed. We analyzed the tissue changes, white blood cells count and serum level of IL-l, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-.
Results: Mortality in LPS groups did not differ. The highest white blood cells count was found in the group of combined treatment EPO+MSCs (8.15x106 cells/ml) compared with controls (2,15x10s cells/ml) and LPS controls (6,52x10s cells/ml). There were no differences in levels of TNF-, IL-2 and IL-6 between the groups, but serum IL-1 level in groups 2 and 4 was significantly higher than in treated with MSCs and MSCc + EPO animals. Histologically in the group 5 we observed significantly less leukocyte lung interalveolar septal infiltration and kidney tubular dystrophy. The most significant differences in group LPS + EPO were found in the lymphoid tissue - considerable hyperplasia of spleen white pulp and thymus cortex, whereas in the other groups different degrees of atrophy of the corresponding zones were noted.
Conclusions: Combined treatment with EPO and MSCs can reduce acute lung injury and kidney damage, cause hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue and enhance the immune response more than separate treatment in an experimental model of sepsis in rats.
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Immune modulation via adipose derived Mesenchymal Stem cells is driven by donor sex in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12454. [PMID: 34127731 PMCID: PMC8203671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are currently being used in clinical trials as proposed treatments for a large range of genetic, immunological, orthopaedic, cardiovascular, endocrine and neurological disorders. MSCs are potent anti-inflammatory mediators which are considered immune evasive and employ a large range of secreted vesicles to communicate and repair damaged tissue. Despite their prolific use in therapy, sex specific mechanism of action is rarely considered as a potential confounding factor for use. The purpose of this study was to examine the potency and functionality of both female and male adipose derived MSCs in order to gain further insights into donor selection. Methods MSC were expanded to passage 4, secretome was harvested and stored at − 80c. To assess potency MSC were also primed and assessed via functional immune assays, ELISA, multiplex and immunophenotyping. Results Female MSCs (fMSC), consistently suppressed Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation significantly (p < 0.0001) more than male MSC (mMSC). In co-culture mPBMCs, showed 60.7 ± 15.6% suppression with fMSCs compared with 22.5 ± 13.6% suppression with mMSCs. Similarly, fPBMCs were suppressed by 67.9 ± 10.4% with fMSCs compared to 29.4 ± 9.3% with mMSCs. The enhanced immunosuppression of fMSCs was attributed to the production of higher concentrations of the anti-inflammatory mediators such as IDO1 (3301 pg/mL vs 1699 pg/mL) and perhaps others including IL-1RA (1025 pg/mL vs 701 pg/mL), PGE-2 (6142 pg/mL vs 2448 pg/mL) and prolonged expression of VCAM-1 post activation relative to mMSCs. In contrast, mMSCs produces more inflammatory G-CSF than fMSCs (806 pg/mL vs 503 pg/mL). Moreover, IDO1 expression was correlated to immune suppression and fMSCs, but not mMSCs induced downregulation of the IL-2 receptor and sustained expression of the early T cell activation marker, CD69 in PBMCs further highlighting the differences in immunomodulation potentials between the sexes. Conclusion In conclusion, our data shows that female MSC are more potent in vitro than their male counterparts. The inability of male MSC to match female MSC driven immunomodulation and to use the inflammatory microenvironment to their advantage is evident and is likely a red flag when using allogeneic male MSC as a therapeutic for disease states.
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Papait A, Cargnoni A, Sheleg M, Silini AR, Kunis G, Ofir R, Parolini O. Perinatal Cells: A Promising COVID-19 Therapy? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:619980. [PMID: 33520970 PMCID: PMC7841388 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a priority in the health systems of all nations worldwide. In fact, there are currently no specific drugs or preventive treatments such as vaccines. The numerous therapies available today aim to counteract the symptoms caused by the viral infection that in some subjects can evolve causing acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDS) with consequent admission to intensive care unit. The exacerbated response of the immune system, through cytokine storm, causes extensive damage to the lung tissue, with the formation of edema, fibrotic tissues and susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The inflammatory picture is also aggravated by disseminated intravascular coagulation which worsens the damage not only to the respiratory system, but also to other organs. In this context, perinatal cells represent a valid strategy thanks to their strong immunomodulatory potential, their safety profile, the ability to reduce fibrosis and stimulate reparative processes. Furthermore, perinatal cells exert antibacterial and antiviral actions. This review therefore provides an overview of the characteristics of perinatal cells with a particular focus on the beneficial effects that they could have in patients with COVID-19, and more specifically for their potential use in the treatment of ARDS and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Papait
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta R. Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Sato Y, Ochiai D, Abe Y, Masuda H, Fukutake M, Ikenoue S, Kasuga Y, Shimoda M, Kanai Y, Tanaka M. Prophylactic therapy with human amniotic fluid stem cells improved survival in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced neonatal sepsis through immunomodulation via aggregates with peritoneal macrophages. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:300. [PMID: 32690106 PMCID: PMC7370504 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent advances in neonatal care, sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality in neonates. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from various tissues, such as bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, have beneficial effects on adult sepsis. Although human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) have mesenchymal stem cell properties, the efficacy of hAFSCs on neonatal sepsis is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of hAFSCs on neonatal sepsis using a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. Methods hAFSCs were isolated as CD117-positive cells from human amniotic fluid. Three-day-old rat pups were intraperitoneally treated with LPS to mimic neonatal sepsis. hAFSCs were administered either 3 h before or at 0, 3, or 24 h after LPS exposure. Serum inflammatory cytokine levels, gene expression profiles from spleens, and multiple organ damage were analyzed. hAFSC localization was determined in vivo. In vitro LPS stimulation tests were performed using neonatal rat peritoneal macrophages co-cultured with hAFSCs in a cell-cell contact-dependent/independent manner. Immunoregulation in the spleen was determined using a DNA microarray analysis. Results Prophylactic therapy with hAFSCs improved survival in the LPS-treated rats while the hAFSCs transplantation after LPS exposure did not elicit a therapeutic response. Therefore, hAFSC pretreatment was used for all subsequent studies. Inflammatory cytokine levels were elevated after LPS injection, which was attenuated by hAFSC pretreatment. Subsequently, inflammation-induced damages in the brain, lungs, and liver were ameliorated. hAFSCs aggregated with peritoneal macrophages and/or transiently accumulated in the liver, mesentery, and peritoneum. Paracrine factors released by hAFSCs induced M1-M2 macrophage polarization in a cell-cell contact-independent manner. Direct contact between hAFSCs and peritoneal macrophages further enhanced the polarization. Microarray analysis of the spleen showed that hAFSC pretreatment reduced the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and inflammation and subsequently suppressed toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. Conclusions Prophylactic therapy with hAFSCs improved survival in a rat model of LPS-induced neonatal sepsis. These effects might be mediated by a phenotypic switch from M1 to M2 in peritoneal macrophages, triggered by hAFSCs in a cell-cell contact-dependent/independent manner and the subsequent immunomodulation of the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi Shinjyukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daigo Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi Shinjyukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yushi Abe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi Shinjyukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi Shinjyukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Marie Fukutake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi Shinjyukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Ikenoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi Shinjyukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kasuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi Shinjyukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi Shinjyukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Capcha JMC, Rodrigues CE, Moreira RDS, Silveira MD, Dourado P, Dos Santos F, Irigoyen MC, Jensen L, Garnica MR, Noronha IL, Andrade L, Gomes SA. Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate sepsis-induced organ injury partially via cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway activation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 318:R135-R147. [PMID: 31596111 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00098.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis induces organ dysfunction due to overexpression of the inflammatory host response, resulting in cardiopulmonary and autonomic dysfunction, thus increasing the associated morbidity and mortality. Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) express genes and secrete factors with anti-inflammatory properties, neurological and immunological protection, as well as improve survival in experimental sepsis. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is mediated by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs), which play an important role in the control of systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that WJ-MSCs attenuate sepsis-induced organ injury in the presence of an activated CAP pathway. To confirm our hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of WJ-MSCs as a treatment for cardiopulmonary injury and on neuroimmunomodulation. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (sham-operated); cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) alone; CLP+WJ-MSCs (1 × 106 cells, at 6 h post-CLP); and CLP+methyllycaconitine (MLA)+WJ-MSCs (5 mg/kg body wt, at 5.5 h post-CLP, and 1 × 106 cells, at 6 h post-CLP, respectively). All experiments, including the assessment of echocardiographic parameters and heart rate variability, were performed 24 h after CLP. WJ-MSC treatment attenuated diastolic dysfunction and restored baroreflex sensitivity. WJ-MSCs also increased cardiac sympathetic and cardiovagal activity. WJ-MSCs reduced leukocyte infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines, effects that were abolished by administration of a selective α7nAChR antagonist (MLA). In addition, WJ-MSC treatment also diminished apoptosis in the lungs and spleen. In cardiac and splenic tissue, WJ-MSCs downregulated α7nAChR expression, as well as reduced the phospho-STAT3-to-total STAT3 ratio in the spleen. WJ-MSCs appear to protect against sepsis-induced organ injury by reducing systemic inflammation, at least in part, via a mechanism that is dependent on an activated CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Cóndor Capcha
- Laboratory of Genetics, Cellular Biology, and Molecular Biology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Basic Research, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto de Souza Moreira
- Laboratory of Basic Research, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Federal University of Goiás at Catalão, Catalão, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Dourado
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dos Santos
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Jensen
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margoth Ramos Garnica
- Laboratory of Genetics, Cellular Biology, and Molecular Biology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene L Noronha
- Laboratory of Genetics, Cellular Biology, and Molecular Biology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Andrade
- Laboratory of Basic Research, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samirah Abreu Gomes
- Laboratory of Genetics, Cellular Biology, and Molecular Biology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hoogduijn MJ, Lombardo E. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Anno 2019: Dawn of the Therapeutic Era? Concise Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1126-1134. [PMID: 31282113 PMCID: PMC6811696 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
2018 was the year of the first marketing authorization of an allogeneic stem cell therapy by the European Medicines Agency. The authorization concerns the use of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for treatment of complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease. This is a breakthrough in the field of MSC therapy. The last few years have, furthermore, seen some breakthroughs in the investigations into the mechanisms of action of MSC therapy. Although the therapeutic effects of MSCs have largely been attributed to their secretion of immunomodulatory and regenerative factors, it has now become clear that some of the effects are mediated through host phagocytic cells that clear administered MSCs and in the process adapt an immunoregulatory and regeneration supporting function. The increased interest in therapeutic use of MSCs and the ongoing elucidation of the mechanisms of action of MSCs are promising indicators that 2019 may be the dawn of the therapeutic era of MSCs and that there will be revived interest in research to more efficient, practical, and sustainable MSC-based therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1126-1134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Hoogduijn
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles: regenerative and immunomodulatory effects and potential applications in sepsis. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:1-15. [PMID: 29955951 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (MSCs) have multipotent differentiation capacity and exist in nearly all forms of post-natal organs and tissues. The immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs have made them an ideal candidate in the treatment of diseases, such as sepsis, in which inflammation plays a critical role. One of the key mechanisms of MSCs appears to derive from their paracrine activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are at least partially responsible for the paracrine effect. MSC-EVs transfer molecules (such as proteins/peptides, mRNA, microRNA and lipids) with immunoregulatory properties to recipient cells. MSC-EVs have been shown to mimic MSCs in alleviating sepsis and may serve as an alternative to whole cell therapy. Compared with MSCs, MSC-EVs may offer specific advantages due to lower immunogenicity and higher safety profile. The first two sections of the review discuss the preclinical and clinical findings of MSCs in sepsis. Next, we review the characteristics of EVs and MSC-EVs. Then, we summarize the mechanisms of MSC-EVs, including tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. Finally, our review presents the evidences that MSC-EVs are effective in treating models of sepsis. In conclusion, MSC-EVs may have the potential to become a novel therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
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Vázquez-Martínez ER, García-Gómez E, Camacho-Arroyo I, González-Pedrajo B. Sexual dimorphism in bacterial infections. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:27. [PMID: 29925409 PMCID: PMC6011518 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex differences are important epidemiological factors that impact in the frequency and severity of infectious diseases. A clear sexual dimorphism in bacterial infections has been reported in both humans and animal models. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in this gender bias are just starting to be elucidated. In the present article, we aim to review the available data in the literature that report bacterial infections presenting a clear sexual dimorphism, without considering behavioral and social factors. Main body The sexual dimorphism in bacterial infections has been mainly attributed to the differential levels of sex hormones between males and females, as well as to genetic factors. In general, males are more susceptible to gastrointestinal and respiratory bacterial diseases and sepsis, while females are more susceptible to genitourinary tract bacterial infections. However, these incidences depend on the population evaluated, animal model and the bacterial species. Female protection against bacterial infections and the associated complications is assumed to be due to the pro-inflammatory effect of estradiol, while male susceptibility to those infections is associated with the testosterone-mediated immune suppression, probably via their specific receptors. Recent studies indicate that the protective effect of estradiol depends on the estrogen receptor subtype and the specific tissue compartment involved in the bacterial insult, suggesting that tissue-specific expression of particular sex steroid receptors contributes to the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Furthermore, this gender bias also depends on the effects of sex hormones on specific bacterial species. Finally, since a large number of genes related to immune functions are located on the X chromosome, X-linked mosaicism confers a highly polymorphic gene expression program that allows women to respond with a more expanded immune repertoire as compared with men. Conclusion Notwithstanding there is increasing evidence that confirms the sexual dimorphism in certain bacterial infections and the molecular mechanisms associated, further studies are required to clarify conflicting data and to determine the role of specific hormone receptors involved in the gender bias of bacterial infections, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth García-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)-Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bertha González-Pedrajo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Peng BY, Dubey NK, Mishra VK, Tsai FC, Dubey R, Deng WP, Wei HJ. Addressing Stem Cell Therapeutic Approaches in Pathobiology of Diabetes and Its Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7806435. [PMID: 30046616 PMCID: PMC6036791 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7806435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the human population is a serious threat which needs to be addressed cautiously. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are most prevalent forms. Disruption in insulin regulation and resistance leads to increased formation and accumulation of advanced end products (AGEs), which further enhance oxidative and nitrosative stress leading to microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular complications. These complications affect the normal function of organ and tissues and may cause life-threatening disorders, if hyperglycemia persists and improperly controlled. Current and traditional treatment procedures are only focused on to regulate the insulin level and do not cure the diabetic complications. Pancreatic transplantation seemed a viable alternative; however, it is limited due to lack of donors. Cell-based therapy such as stem cells is considered as a promising therapeutic agent against DM and diabetic complications owing to their multilineage differentiation and regeneration potential. Previous studies have demonstrated the various impacts of both pluripotent and multipotent stem cells on DM and its micro- and macrovascular complications. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of stem cells to treat DM and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bou-Yue Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viraj Krishna Mishra
- Applied Biotech Engineering Centre (ABEC), Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala, India
| | - Feng-Chou Tsai
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Cosmetic Clinic Group, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
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13
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Sepsis and Associated Organ Dysfunction: A Promising Future or Blind Alley? Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7304121. [PMID: 29098010 PMCID: PMC5618761 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7304121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, newly defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is the most common cause of death in ICUs and one of the principal causes of death worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in the understanding of fundamental mechanisms of sepsis, translation of these advances into clinically effective therapies has been disappointing. Given the extreme complexity of sepsis pathogenesis, the paradigm “one disease, one drug” is obviously flawed and combinations of multiple targets that involve early immunomodulation and cellular protection are needed. In this context, the immune-reprogramming properties of cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent an emerging therapeutic strategy in sepsis and associated organ dysfunction. This article provides an update of the current knowledge regarding MSC in preclinical models of sepsis and sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Recommendations for further translational research in this field are discussed.
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Zhu Y, Xu L, Collins JJ, Vadivel A, Cyr-Depauw C, Zhong S, Mense L, Möbius MA, Thébaud B. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Survival and Bacterial Clearance in Neonatal Sepsis in Rats. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1054-1064. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yueniu Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Children's Hospital of Ontario Research Institute (CHEORI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Children's Hospital of Ontario Research Institute (CHEORI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer J.P. Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Children's Hospital of Ontario Research Institute (CHEORI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arul Vadivel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Children's Hospital of Ontario Research Institute (CHEORI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chanèle Cyr-Depauw
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Children's Hospital of Ontario Research Institute (CHEORI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shumei Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Children's Hospital of Ontario Research Institute (CHEORI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lars Mense
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Children's Hospital of Ontario Research Institute (CHEORI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marius A. Möbius
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Children's Hospital of Ontario Research Institute (CHEORI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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A novel paradigm links mitochondrial dysfunction with muscle stem cell impairment in sepsis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2546-2553. [PMID: 28456665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is an acute systemic inflammatory response of the body to microbial infection and a life threatening condition associated with multiple organ failure. Survivors may display long-term disability with muscle weakness that remains poorly understood. Recent data suggest that long-term myopathy in sepsis survivors is due to failure of skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) to regenerate the muscle. Satellite cells impairment in the acute phase of sepsis is linked to unusual mitochondrial dysfunctions, characterized by a dramatic reduction of the mitochondrial mass and hyperactivity of residual organelles. Survivors maintain the impairment of satellite cells, including alterations of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), in the long-term. This condition can be rescued by treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that restore mtDNA alterations and mitochondrial function in satellite cells, and in fine their regenerative potential. Injection of MSCs in turn increases the force of isolated muscle fibers and of the whole animal, and improves the survival rate. These effects occur in the context of reduced inflammation markers that also raised during sepsis. Targeting muscle stem cells mitochondria, in a context of reduced inflammation, may represent a valuable strategy to reduce morbidity and long-term impairment of the muscle upon sepsis.
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Sammour I, Somashekar S, Huang J, Batlahally S, Breton M, Valasaki K, Khan A, Wu S, Young KC. The Effect of Gender on Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Efficacy in Neonatal Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164269. [PMID: 27711256 PMCID: PMC5053475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) improve alveolar and vascular structures in experimental models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Female MSC secrete more anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors as compared to male MSC. Whether the therapeutic efficacy of MSC in attenuating lung injury in an experimental model of BPD is influenced by the sex of the donor MSC or recipient is unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that female MSC would have greater lung regenerative properties than male MSC in experimental BPD and this benefit would be more evident in males. Objective To determine whether intra-tracheal (IT) administration of female MSC to neonatal rats with experimental BPD has more beneficial reparative effects as compared to IT male MSC. Methods Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to normoxia (RA) or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal day (P) 2- P21 were randomly assigned to receive male or female IT bone marrow (BM)-derived green fluorescent protein (GFP+) MSC (1 x 106 cells/50 μl), or Placebo on P7. Pulmonary hypertension (PH), vascular remodeling, alveolarization, and angiogenesis were assessed at P21. PH was determined by measuring right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and pulmonary vascular remodeling was evaluated by quantifying the percentage of muscularized peripheral pulmonary vessels. Alveolarization was evaluated by measuring mean linear intercept (MLI) and radial alveolar count (RAC). Angiogenesis was determined by measuring vascular density. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, and analyzed by ANOVA. Results There were no significant differences in the RA groups. Exposure to hyperoxia resulted in a decrease in vascular density and RAC, with a significant increase in MLI, RVSP, and the percentage of partially and fully muscularized pulmonary arterioles. Administration of both male and female MSC significantly improved vascular density, alveolarization, RVSP, percent of muscularized vessels and alveolarization. Interestingly, the improvement in PH and vascular remodeling was more robust in the hyperoxic rodents who received MSC from female donors. In keeping with our hypothesis, male animals receiving female MSC, had a greater improvement in vascular remodeling. This was accompanied by a more significant decrease in lung pro-inflammatory markers and a larger increase in anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic markers in male rodents that received female MSC. There were no significant differences in MSC engraftment among groups. Conclusions Female BM-derived MSC have greater therapeutic efficacy than male MSC in reducing neonatal hyperoxia-induced lung inflammation and vascular remodeling. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of female MSC were more pronounced in male animals. Together, these findings suggest that female MSC maybe the most potent BM-derived MSC population for lung repair in severe BPD complicated by PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sammour
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Santhosh Somashekar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sunil Batlahally
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Matthew Breton
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Krystalenia Valasaki
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Aisha Khan
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Karen C. Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Batchelor Children’s Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Could stem cells be the future therapy for sepsis? Blood Rev 2016; 30:439-452. [PMID: 27297212 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The severity and threat of sepsis is well known, and despite several decades of research, the mortality continues to be high. Stem cells have great potential to be used in various clinical disorders. The innate ability of stem cells such as pluripotency, self-renewal makes them potential agents for therapeutic intervention. The pathophysiology of sepsis is a plethora of complex mechanisms which include the initial microbial infection, followed by "cytokine storm," endothelial dysfunction, coagulation cascade, and the late phase of apoptosis and immune paralysis which ultimately results in multiple organ dysfunction. Stem cells could potentially alter each step of this complex pathophysiology of sepsis. Multiple organ dysfunction associated with sepsis most often leads to death and stem cells have shown their ability to prevent the organ damage and improve the organ function. The possible mechanisms of therapeutic potential of stem cells in sepsis have been discussed in detail. The route of administration, dose level, and timing also play vital role in the overall effect of stem cells in sepsis.
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Exosomal miR-223 Contributes to Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Elicited Cardioprotection in Polymicrobial Sepsis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13721. [PMID: 26348153 PMCID: PMC4562230 DOI: 10.1038/srep13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to elicit cardio-protective effects in sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. While recent studies have indicated that miR-223 is highly enriched in MSC-derived exosomes, whether exosomal miR-223 contributes to MSC-mediated cardio-protection in sepsis is unknown. In this study, loss-of-function approach was utilized, and sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We observed that injection of miR-223-KO MSCs at 1 h post-CLP did not confer protection against CLP-triggered cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis and inflammatory response. However, WT-MSCs were able to provide protection which was associated with exosome release. Next, treatment of CLP mice with exosomes released from miR-223-KO MSCs significantly exaggerated sepsis-induced injury. Conversely, WT-MSC-derived-exosomes displayed protective effects. Mechanistically, we identified that miR-223-KO exosomes contained higher levels of Sema3A and Stat3, two known targets of miR-223 (5p &3p), than WT-exosomes. Accordingly, these exosomal proteins were transferred to cardiomyocytes, leading to increased inflammation and cell death. By contrast, WT-exosomes encased higher levels of miR-223, which could be delivered to cardiomyocytes, resulting in down-regulation of Sema3A and Stat3. These data for the first time indicate that exosomal miR-223 plays an essential role for MSC-induced cardio-protection in sepsis.
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Lombardo E, Poll TVD, DelaRosa O, Dalemans W. Mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic tool to treat sepsis. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:368-379. [PMID: 25815121 PMCID: PMC4369493 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by a deregulated host response to an infection. Sepsis is the most frequent cause of death in hospitalized patients. Although knowledge of the pathogenesis of sepsis has increased substantially during the last decades, attempts to design effective and specific therapies targeting components of the derailed host response have failed. Therefore, there is a dramatic need for new and mechanistically alternative therapies to treat this syndrome. Based on their immunomodulatory properties, adult mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) can be a novel therapeutic tool to treat sepsis. Indeed, MSCs reduce mortality in experimental models of sepsis by modulating the deregulated inflammatory response against bacteria through the regulation of multiple inflammatory networks, the reprogramming of macrophages and neutrophils towards a more anti-inflammatory phenotype and the release of anti-microbial peptides. This report will review the current knowledge on the effects of MSC treatment in preclinical experimental small animal models of sepsis.
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Wannemuehler TJ, Manukyan MC, Brewster BD, Rouch J, Poynter JA, Wang Y, Meldrum DR. Advances in mesenchymal stem cell research in sepsis. J Surg Res 2011; 173:113-26. [PMID: 22225756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis remains a source of morbidity and mortality in the postoperative patient despite appropriate resuscitative and antimicrobial approaches. Recent research has focused upon additional interventions such as exogenous cell-based therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit multiple beneficial properties through their capacity for homing, attenuating the inflammatory response, modulating immune cells, and promoting tissue healing. Recent animal trials have provided evidence that MSCs may be useful therapeutic adjuncts. MATERIALS AND METHODS A directed search of recent medical literature was performed utilizing PubMed to examine the pathophysiology of sepsis, mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell interaction with host cells, sepsis animal models, and recent trials utilizing stem cells in sepsis. RESULTS MSCs continue to show promise in the treatment of sepsis by their intrinsic ability to home to injured tissue, secrete paracrine signals to limit systemic and local inflammation, decrease apoptosis in threatened tissues, stimulate neoangiogenesis, activate resident stem cells, beneficially modulate immune cells, and exhibit direct antimicrobial activity. These effects are associated with reduced organ dysfunction and improved survival in animal models. CONCLUSION Research utilizing animal models of sepsis has provided a greater understanding of the beneficial properties of MSCs. Their capacity to home to sites of injury and use paracrine mechanisms to change the local environment to ultimately improve organ function and survival make MSCs attractive in the treatment of sepsis. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the complex interactions between MSCs and host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd J Wannemuehler
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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