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He M, Wang K, Liang X, Fang J, Geng Y, Chen Z, Pu H, Hu Y, Li X, Liu L. Effects of dietary vitamin E on growth performance as well as intestinal structure and function of channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque 1818). Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5703-5710. [PMID: 29285112 PMCID: PMC5740713 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, the intestinal structure and function of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque 1818) was investigated. A total of 900 healthy channel catfish (weight, 5.20±0.15 g) were divided into four groups, which received experimental diets with different vitamin E content (0, 50, 100 or 1,000 mg/kg). At the end of the feeding trial (after 15 weeks), the growth and gut performance of the animals was determined. The digestive enzyme activity in hepatopancreas and gut was also detected. In addition, the height of intestinal fold, the thickness of the mucous membrane and the number of somatostatin-positive cells was examined by histological analysis. Dietary vitamin E supplementation at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly improved the growth and gut performance, which also increased the activity of several digestive enzymes compared to that in animals without vitamin E supplementation (P<0.05). In addition, vitamin E supplementation also significantly increased the height of intestinal fold and the thickness of the mucous membrane (P<0.05). Fish with dietary vitamin E supplementation at appropriate doses also had more somatostatin-positive cells in than those without vitamin E supplementation (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary vitamin E supplementation at 50 and 100 mg/kg was shown to improve the growth performance as well as intestinal structure and function of channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Animal's Medical College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Animal's Medical College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Animal's Medical College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Animal's Medical College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Yi Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Animal's Medical College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Animal's Medical College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Animal's Medical College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Yaodong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Animal's Medical College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Animal's Medical College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, Animal's Medical College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
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Glucose and lipid metabolism in the pancreas of rainbow trout is regulated at the molecular level by nutritional status and carbohydrate intake. J Comp Physiol B 2011; 182:507-16. [PMID: 22203338 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose and lipid metabolism in pancreatic islet organs is poorly characterized. In the present study, using as a model the carnivorous rainbow trout, a glucose-intolerant fish, we assessed mRNA expression levels of several genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism (including ATP-citrate lyase; carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 isoforms, CPT; the mitochondrial isoform of the phosphoenolpyrutave carboxykinase, mPEPCK and pyruvate kinase, PK) and glucosensing (glucose transporter type 2, Glut2; glucokinase, GK and the potassium channel, K(ATP)) in Brockmann bodies. We evaluated the response of these parameters to changes in feeding status (food deprived vs. fed fish) as well as to changes in the amount of carbohydrate (dextrin) in the diet. A general inhibition of the glycolytic (including the glucosensing marker GK) and β-oxidation pathways was found when comparing fed versus food-deprived fish. When comparing fish feeding on either low- or high-carbohydrate diets, we found that some genes related to lipid metabolism were more controlled by the feeding status than by the carbohydrate content (fatty acid synthase, CPTs). Findings are discussed in the context of pancreatic regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in fish, and show that while trout pancreatic metabolism can partially adapt to a high-carbohydrate diet, some of the molecular actors studied seem to be poorly regulated (K(ATP)) and may contribute to the glucose intolerance observed in this species when fed high-carbohydrate diets.
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Isolation and molecular characterization of Rem2 isoforms in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Tissue and central nervous system expression. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 161:93-101. [PMID: 21983188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
REM2 is a member of the REM, RAD, and GEM/KIR (RGK) subfamily of RAS superfamily proteins and plays an important role in brain development and function. In this study, two Rem2 isoforms were isolated from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The two genes, designated O. mykiss rem2a and rem2b, both encode 304 amino acid proteins with 61% and 62% identities to zebrafish (Danio rerio) Rem2, respectively, and each with 43% identity to mammalian (human) REM2. To our knowledge, this is the first incidence of Rem2 isoforms in a species that are the result of gene duplication. Both isoforms possessed similar tissue expression profiles with the highest levels in the brain. The rem2a gene has significantly higher expression levels than rem2b in all tissues assayed except the brain and head kidney. In the central nervous system, both isoforms showed similar expression levels with the highest levels occurring in the olfactory bulb, cerebrum, and midbrain, though rem2a expression is significantly higher in the spinal cord. Based on known functional roles of Rem2 in synapse development and stem cell proliferation, the characterization of Rem2 in rainbow trout could shed light on its role in adult vertebrate neurogenesis and brain regeneration.
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Abstract
Somatostatin and its receptors have a critical role in mammalian growth through their control pattern of secretion of growth hormone, but the evolutionary history of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors are ill defined. We used comparative whole genome analysis of Danio rerio, Carassius auratus, Xenopus tropicalis, Gallus gallus, Monodelphis domestica, Homo sapiens, Sus scrofa, Bos taurus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Canis lupus familiaris, Ovis aries, Equus caballus, Pan troglodytes and Macaca mulatto to identify somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in each species. To date, we have identified a minimum of two genes of somatostatin and five somatostatin receptor genes in mammalian species with variable forms. We established a clear evolutionary history of the somatostatin system and traced the origin of the somatostatin system to 395 million years ago (MYA), identifying critical steps in their evolution.
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Molecular and expression characterization of two somatostatin genes in the Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 154:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xing Y, Wensheng L, Haoran L. Polygenic expression of somatostatin in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides): molecular cloning and distribution of the mRNAs encoding three somatostatin precursors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2005; 241:62-72. [PMID: 16054749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, three preprosomatostatin (PSS) cDNAs were characterized from hypothalamus of orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. The first cDNA encodes a 123-amino acid protein (PSSI) that contains the SS14 sequence at its C-terminal extremity and that is identical to that of PSSI of human and other vertebrates. The second cDNA encodes a 127-amino acid protein (PSSII) that contains the SS28 sequence with [Tyr7, Gly10]-SS14 at its C-terminus. The third cDNA encodes a 110-amino acid protein (PSSIII) that contains the somatostatin variant [Pro2]-SS14 at its C-terminal extremity. All these three PSS mRNAs were expressed in brain and pituitary with different mRNA levels. In peripheral tissues, PSSII was more widely distributed than PSSI and PSSIII. High mRNA levels of PSS were found in stomach, intestine and ovary. PSS mRNAs were detected throughout embryogeny and early larval development. Its levels increased with the embryonic development and maintained a higher level during larva developing. The mRNA distribution suggests that the three grouper PSS products play important physiological functions in adult fish as well as in cell growth and organ differentiation in embryo and larva development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xing
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Rescan PY, Jutel I, Rallière C. Two myostatin genes are differentially expressed in myotomal muscles of the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Exp Biol 2001; 204:3523-9. [PMID: 11707501 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204.20.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Myostatin (GDF8) has been shown to be a major genetic determinant of skeletal muscle growth in mammals. In this study, we report the cloning of two trout cDNAs that encode two distinct myostatin-related proteins. The presence in this fish species of two myostatin genes (Tmyostatin 1 and Tmyostatin 2) probably results from the recent tetraploïdisation of the salmonid genome. A comparative reverse-transcriptase-linked polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that Tmyostatin 1 mRNA was present ubiquitously in trout tissues, while Tmyostatin 2 mRNA expression was restricted to muscle and brain. In developing muscle, Tmyostatin 1 expression was observed in eyed-stage embryos well before hatching, whereas Tmyostatin 2 was expressed only in free-swimming larvae. In myotomal muscle from adult animals, Tmyostatin 1 mRNA accumulation was similar in both slow- and fast-twitch fibres, and its concentration did not change during the muscle wasting associated with sexual maturation. In contrast, Tmyostatin 2 mRNA accumulated predominantly in slow-twitch fibres, and its concentration decreased dramatically in wasting muscles from maturing animals. This work shows that two distinct myostatin genes are present in the trout genome. Furthermore, it indicates that these two trout myostatin genes (i) exhibit a distinct expression pattern in muscle and non-muscle tissues and (ii) are not upregulated during the muscle wasting that accompanies sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Rescan
- SCRIBE-INRA, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France.
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Holloway AC, Melroe GT, Ehrman MM, Reddy PK, Leatherland JF, Sheridan MA. Effect of 17beta-estradiol on the expression of somatostatin genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000; 279:R389-93. [PMID: 10938224 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.2.r389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) treatment on the expression of preprosomatostatin (PPSS) I, PPSS II', and PPSS II" mRNA in the hypothalamus and endocrine pancreas (Brockmann body), as well as the effects of E(2) treatment on plasma somatostatin (SS)-14 and -25 concentrations in sexually immature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were investigated. E(2) treatment significantly (P < 0.001) depressed both plasma SS-14 and SS-25. In the hypothalamus, E(2) treatment significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the levels of PPSS I and PPSS II" mRNA. However, there was no effect of E(2) treatment on PPSS II' mRNA levels. In the pancreas, E(2) treatment had no significant effect on the levels of either PPSS II' mRNA or PPSS II" mRNA. However, E(2) treatment significantly (P < 0.005) decreased levels of PPSS I mRNA. These data suggest that E(2) acts, in part, to increase plasma growth hormone levels in rainbow trout by decreasing the endogenous inhibitory somatostatinergic tone by inhibiting plasma levels of both SS-14 and SS-25 and hypothalamic levels of mRNA encoding these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Holloway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
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