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Rahbar Saadat Y, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Sani A, Zununi Vahed S, Ardalan M. Ischemic tubular injury: Oxygen-sensitive signals and metabolic reprogramming. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01232-x. [PMID: 37131045 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The kidneys are the most vulnerable organs to severe ischemic insult that results in cellular hypoxia under pathophysiological conditions. Large amounts of oxygen are consumed by the kidneys, mainly to produce energy for tubular reabsorption. Beyond high oxygen demand and the low oxygen supply, different other factors make kidneys vulnerable to ischemia which is deemed to be a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). On the other hand, kidneys are capable of sensing and responding to oxygen alternations to evade harms resulting from inadequate oxygen. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the main conserved oxygen-sensing mechanism that maintains homeostasis under hypoxia through direct/indirect regulation of several genes that contribute to metabolic adaptation, angiogenesis, energy conservation, erythropoiesis, and so on. In response to oxygen availability, prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs) control the HIF stability. This review focuses on the oxygen-sensing mechanisms in kidneys, particularly in proximal tubular cells (PTCs) and discusses the molecules involved in ischemic response and metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, the possible roles of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in the development of ischemic AKI are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anis Sani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Bicalutamide May enhance kidney injury in diabetes by concomitantly damaging energy production from OXPHOS and glycolysis. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 356:109858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Schaub JA, Venkatachalam MA, Weinberg JM. Proximal Tubular Oxidative Metabolism in Acute Kidney Injury and the Transition to CKD. KIDNEY360 2020; 2:355-364. [PMID: 35373028 PMCID: PMC8740982 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0004772020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubule relies on oxidative mitochondrial metabolism to meet its energy needs and has limited capacity for glycolysis, which makes it uniquely susceptible to damage during AKI, especially after ischemia and anoxia. Under these conditions, mitochondrial ATP production is initially decreased by several mechanisms, including fatty acid-induced uncoupling and inhibition of respiration related to changes in the shape and volume of mitochondria. Glycolysis is initially insufficient as a source of ATP to protect the cells and mitochondrial function, but supplementation of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates augments anaerobic ATP production, and improves recovery of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Incomplete recovery is characterized by defects of respiratory enzymes and lipid metabolism. During the transition to CKD, tubular cells atrophy but maintain high expression of glycolytic enzymes, and there is decreased fatty acid oxidation. These metabolic changes may be amenable to a number of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Schaub
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Joel M. Weinberg
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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4
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Fong D, Cummings LJ. Mathematical Modeling of Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury and Postconditioning Therapy. Bull Math Biol 2017; 79:2474-2511. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Lan R, Geng H, Singha PK, Saikumar P, Bottinger EP, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA. Mitochondrial Pathology and Glycolytic Shift during Proximal Tubule Atrophy after Ischemic AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3356-3367. [PMID: 27000065 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During recovery by regeneration after AKI, proximal tubule cells can fail to redifferentiate, undergo premature growth arrest, and become atrophic. The atrophic tubules display pathologically persistent signaling increases that trigger production of profibrotic peptides, proliferation of interstitial fibroblasts, and fibrosis. We studied proximal tubules after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to characterize possible mitochondrial pathologies and alterations of critical enzymes that govern energy metabolism. In rat kidneys, tubules undergoing atrophy late after IRI but not normally recovering tubules showed greatly reduced mitochondrial number, with rounded profiles, and large autophagolysosomes. Studies after IRI of kidneys in mice, done in parallel, showed large scale loss of the oxidant-sensitive mitochondrial protein Mpv17L. Renal expression of hypoxia markers also increased after IRI. During early and late reperfusion after IRI, kidneys exhibited increased lactate and pyruvate content and hexokinase activity, which are indicators of glycolysis. Furthermore, normally regenerating tubules as well as tubules undergoing atrophy exhibited increased glycolytic enzyme expression and inhibitory phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. TGF-β antagonism prevented these effects. Our data show that the metabolic switch occurred early during regeneration after injury and was reversed during normal tubule recovery but persisted and became progressively more severe in tubule cells that failed to redifferentiate. In conclusion, irreversibility of the metabolic switch, taking place in the context of hypoxia, high TGF-β signaling and depletion of mitochondria characterizes the development of atrophy in proximal tubule cells and may contribute to the renal pathology after AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongpei Lan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Prajjal K Singha
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pothana Saikumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Joel M Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System and University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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de Laplanche E, Boudria A, Dacheux E, Vincent A, Gadot N, Assade F, Le Corf K, Leroy X, Mège Lechevallier F, Eymin B, Dalla Venezia N, Simonnet H. Low glucose microenvironment of normal kidney cells stabilizes a subset of messengers involved in angiogenesis. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/1/e12253. [PMID: 25602014 PMCID: PMC4387757 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As glucose is a mandatory nutrient for cell proliferation and renewal, it is suspected that glucose microenvironment is sensed by all cell types to regulate angiogenesis. Several glucose-sensing components have been partially described to respond to high glucose levels. However, little is known about the response to low glucose. Here, we used well-differentiated isolated normal rat renal tubules under normal oxygenation conditions to assess the angiogenic response to low glucose. In apparent paradox, but confirming observations made separately in other models, high glucose but also low glucose increased mRNA level of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). A subset of mRNAs including hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), angiopoietin receptor (TIE-2), and VEGF receptor 2 (FLK1) were similarly glucose-sensitive and responded to low glucose by increased stability independently of HIF1A and HIF2A proteins. These results contribute to gain some insights as to how normal cells response to low glucose may play a role in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie de Laplanche
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Asma Boudria
- Institut Albert Bonniot Equipe 2 Bases Moléculaires de la Progression des Cancers du Poumon, INSERM U823/Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Estelle Dacheux
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Anne Vincent
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France Department of Pathology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Fouzia Assade
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Katy Le Corf
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Xavier Leroy
- Institut de Pathologie, CHRU, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | | | - Béatrice Eymin
- Institut Albert Bonniot Equipe 2 Bases Moléculaires de la Progression des Cancers du Poumon, INSERM U823/Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Nicole Dalla Venezia
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Hélène Simonnet
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France
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Hu P, Wang J, Zhao XQ, Hu B, Lu L, Qin YH. Overexpressed C-type natriuretic peptide serves as an early compensatory response to counteract extracellular matrix remodeling in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1429-41. [PMID: 23073778 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although the mechanism underlying C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) beneficial effects is not entirely understood, modulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may play an important role. The study presented herein was designed as a first demonstration of the regulative effects of CNP on MMPs/TIMPs expression in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. The continuous changes of CNP, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and type IV collagen (Col-IV) expression were determined in the obstructed rat kidneys at 3 days, 1, 2, and 3 months post-UUO respectively. According to the real-time PCR analysis, CNP, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression in the obstructed kidneys were significantly higher compared to every time corresponding SOR, and progressively decreased over time. In contrast, in the obstructed kidneys collected 2 and 3 months post-UUO, the higher TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression were observed in comparison to the corresponding SOR group. The above trends of CNP, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 transcripts were confirmed by their protein expression based on immunohistochemistry and western blot, and finally contributed to the progressive elevated Col-IV expression in the obstructed kidneys throughout the entire study period. Overexpressed CNP may be an early compensatory response to counteract extracellular matrix remodeling in UUO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
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Sun HQ, Liu Y, Li P, Bao YP, Sheng LX, Zhang RL, Cao YJ, Di XL, Yang FD, Wang F, Luo YX, Lu L. Effects of acute combined serotonin and dopamine depletion on cue-induced drinking intention/desire and cognitive function in patients with alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 124:200-6. [PMID: 22325080 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol cues can precipitate the desire to drink and cause relapse in recovering alcohol-dependent patients. Serotonin and dopamine may play a role in alcohol cue-induced craving. Acute combined tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and phenylalanine (Phe) depletion (CMD) in the diet attenuates the synthesis of serotonin and dopamine in the human brain. However, no study of the effects of acute CMD has been previously conducted. Therefore, we investigated whether the attenuation of serotonin and dopamine synthesis changes cue-induced alcohol craving in recently abstinent alcoholics. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 12 male patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria for alcohol dependence were divided into two conditions: (1) monoamine depletion (i.e., consumption of a concentrated amino acid beverage that resulted in a rapid and significant decrease in plasma-free Tyr/Phe/Trp) and (2) balanced condition (i.e., consumption of a similar beverage that contained Tyr/Phe/Trp). The participants were scheduled for two experimental sessions, with an interval of ≥7 days. The cue-induced craving test session was conducted 6h after each amino acid beverage administration. Drinking urge, blood pressure, heart rate, working memory, and attention/psychomotor performance were assessed before and after administration. RESULTS Compared with the balanced condition, the monoamine depletion condition significantly increased drinking intention/desire and diastolic blood pressure. Cognitive performance was not different between the two conditions. CONCLUSIONS Acute combined serotonin and dopamine depletion may increase drinking intention/desire and diastolic blood pressure without influencing cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qiang Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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The role of EMT in renal fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:103-16. [PMID: 21845400 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is clear that the well-described phenomenon of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in embryonic development, wound healing, tissue regeneration, organ fibrosis and cancer progression. EMTs have been classified into three subtypes based on the functional consequences and biomarker context in which they are encountered. This review will highlight findings on type II EMT as a direct contributor to the kidney myofibroblast population in the development of renal fibrosis, specifically in diabetic nephropathy, the signalling molecules and the pathways involved in type II EMT and changes in the expression of specific miRNA with the EMT process. These findings have provided new insights into the activation and development of EMT during disease processes and may lead to possible therapeutic interventions to suppress EMTs and potentially reverse organ fibrosis.
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Makino H, Toyoda M, Matsumoto K, Saito H, Nishino K, Fukawatase Y, Machida M, Akutsu H, Uyama T, Miyagawa Y, Okita H, Kiyokawa N, Fujino T, Ishikawa Y, Nakamura T, Umezawa A. Mesenchymal to embryonic incomplete transition of human cells by chimeric OCT4/3 (POU5F1) with physiological co-activator EWS. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:2727-40. [PMID: 19559696 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
POU5F1 (more commonly known as OCT4/3) is one of the stem cell markers, and affects direction of differentiation in embryonic stem cells. To investigate whether cells of mesenchymal origin acquire embryonic phenotypes, we generated human cells of mesodermal origin with overexpression of the chimeric OCT4/3 gene with physiological co-activator EWS (product of the EWSR1 gene), which is driven by the potent EWS promoter by translocation. The cells expressed embryonic stem cell genes such as NANOG, lost mesenchymal phenotypes, and exhibited embryonal stem cell-like alveolar structures when implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of immunodeficient mice. Hierarchical analysis by microchip analysis and cell surface analysis revealed that the cells are subcategorized into the group of human embryonic stem cells and embryonal carcinoma cells. These results imply that cells of mesenchymal origin can be traced back to cells of embryonic phenotype by the OCT4/3 gene in collaboration with the potent cis-regulatory element and the fused co-activator. The cells generated in this study with overexpression of chimeric OCT4/3 provide us with insight into cell plasticity involving OCT4/3 that is essential for embryonic cell maintenance, and the complexity required for changing cellular identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsune Makino
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
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NONOMURA YOSHINORI, MIZOGUCHI FUMITAKA, SUZUKI AKIKO, NANKI TOSHIHIRO, KATO HIROYUKI, MIYASAKA NOBUYUKI, KOHSAKA HITOSHI. Hypoxia-induced Abrogation of Contact-dependent Inhibition of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblast Proliferation. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:698-705. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Uncontrolled proliferation of synovial fibroblasts is characteristic of the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since synovial tissues in the rheumatoid joints are hypoxic, we investigated how hypoxia affects RA synovial fibroblast (RASF) proliferation.Methods.RASF were cultured at 2000 cells (low density culture) or at 5000 cells (high density, growth-inhibitory confluent culture) per microtiter well under hypoxic (10%, 3%, or 1% O2) or normoxic (21% O2) conditions. Some RASF were treated with recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-neutralizing antibodies, anti-N-cadherin-blocking antibodies, or MG132. 3H-labeled thymidine incorporation was quantified to assess their proliferation. Total RNA and cell lysates were prepared for real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses.Results.Hypoxia exerted no effect on proliferation of RASF cultured at low density. At high density, it abrogated contact-dependent growth inhibition of RASF, but not of human dermal fibroblasts. Addition of anti-TNF-α antibodies or IL-1ra did not affect the results. Upregulated expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 was observed in the cells cultured at high density under normoxic conditions, but not under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia decreased N-cadherin expression on RASF. Addition of anti-N-cadherin-blocking antibodies mimicked the effects of hypoxic culture; it promoted proliferation of RASF cultured at high density under normoxic conditions. This antibody treatment also downmodulated p27Kip1 expression.Conclusion.Hypoxia downregulates N-cadherin expression on RASF, and thus prevents p27Kip1 upregulation for their contact inhibition. It is likely that hypoxia in rheumatoid synovial tissues contributes to rheumatoid pathology by augmenting proliferation of synovial fibroblasts.
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Gasparre G, Hervouet E, de Laplanche E, Demont J, Pennisi LF, Colombel M, Mège-Lechevallier F, Scoazec JY, Bonora E, Smeets R, Smeitink J, Lazar V, Lespinasse J, Giraud S, Godinot C, Romeo G, Simonnet H. Clonal expansion of mutated mitochondrial DNA is associated with tumor formation and complex I deficiency in the benign renal oncocytoma. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 17:986-95. [PMID: 18156159 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are frequent in cancers but it is not yet clearly established whether they are modifier events involved in cancer progression or whether they are a consequence of tumorigenesis. Here we show a benign tumor type in which mtDNA mutations that lead to complex I (CI) enzyme deficiency are found in all tumors and are the only genetic alteration detected. Actually renal oncocytomas are homogeneous tumors characterized by dense accumulation of mitochondria and we had found that they are deficient in electron transport chain complex I (CI, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase). In this work total sequencing of mtDNA showed that 9/9 tumors harbored point mutations in mtDNA, seven in CI genes, one in complex III, and one in the control region. 7/8 mutations were somatic. All tumors were somatically deficient for CI. The clonal amplification of mutated mtDNA in 8/9 tumors demonstrates that these alterations are selected and therefore favor or trigger growth. No nuclear DNA rearrangement was detected beside mtDNA defects. We hypothesize that functional deficiency of the oxidative phosphorylation CI could create a loop of amplification of mitochondria during cell division, impair substrates oxidation and increase intermediary metabolites availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gasparre
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Policlinico Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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Godinot C, de Laplanche E, Hervouet E, Simonnet H. Actuality of Warburg’s views in our understanding of renal cancer metabolism. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2007; 39:235-41. [PMID: 17665292 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-007-9088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 50 years ago, Warburg proposed that the shift in glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis occurring in spite of an adequate oxygen supply was at the root of cancer. This hypothesis often disregarded over the following years has recently stirred up much interest due to progress made in cancer genetics and proteomics. Studies related to renal cancers have been particularly informative to understand how abnormal use of glucose and decrease in OXPHOS are linked to cell proliferation in tumors. Indeed, in aggressive tumors such as clear cell renal carcinoma, the von Hippel-Lindau factor invalidation stabilizes the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the presence of oxygen. HIF stimulating glycolytic gene expression increases the glycolytic flux. Deficiencies in genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation that can explain the down-regulation of OXPHOS components also begin to be identified. These findings are important in the search for novel therapeutic approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Godinot
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Genetics (CGMC), UMR 5534, CNRS, University Claude Bernard of Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Neilson EG. Plasticity, nuclear diapause, and a requiem for the terminal differentiation of epithelia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:1995-8. [PMID: 17568015 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Neilson
- Department of Medicine, D-3100 Medical Center North, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2358, USA.
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