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Ge WD, Du TT, Wang CY, Sun LN, Wang YQ. Calcium signaling crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, a new drug development strategies of kidney diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116278. [PMID: 38740223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) acts as a second messenger and constitutes a complex and large information exchange system between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria; this process is involved in various life activities, such as energy metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has suggested that alterations in Ca2+ crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria, including alterations in ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ channels and related Ca2+ regulatory proteins, such as sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and calnexin (CNX), are closely associated with the development of kidney disease. Therapies targeting intracellular Ca2+ signaling have emerged as an emerging field in the treatment of renal diseases. In this review, we focused on recent advances in Ca2+ signaling, ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ monitoring methods and Ca2+ homeostasis in the development of renal diseases and sought to identify new targets and insights for the treatment of renal diseases by targeting Ca2+ channels or related Ca2+ regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Di Ge
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Tian Du
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cao-Yang Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Ning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Metabolic mechanisms of acute proximal tubular injury. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:813-827. [PMID: 35567641 PMCID: PMC9338906 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the proximal tubule (PT) is the most frequent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans. Diagnostic and treatment options for AKI are currently limited, and a deeper understanding of pathogenic mechanisms at a cellular level is required to rectify this situation. Metabolism in the PT is complex and closely coupled to solute transport function. Recent studies have shown that major changes in PT metabolism occur during AKI and have highlighted some potential targets for intervention. However, translating these insights into effective new therapies still represents a substantial challenge. In this article, in addition to providing a brief overview of the current state of the field, we will highlight three emerging areas that we feel are worthy of greater attention. First, we will discuss the role of axial heterogeneity in cellular function along the PT in determining baseline susceptibility to different metabolic hits. Second, we will emphasize that elucidating insult specific pathogenic mechanisms will likely be critical in devising more personalized treatments for AKI. Finally, we will argue that uncovering links between tubular metabolism and whole-body homeostasis will identify new strategies to try to reduce the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with AKI. These concepts will be illustrated by examples of recent studies emanating from the authors' laboratories and performed under the auspices of the Swiss National Competence Center for Kidney Research (NCCR Kidney.ch).
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El-Achkar TM, Winfree S, Talukder N, Barwinska D, Ferkowicz MJ, Al Hasan M. Tissue Cytometry With Machine Learning in Kidney: From Small Specimens to Big Data. Front Physiol 2022; 13:832457. [PMID: 35309077 PMCID: PMC8931540 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.832457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cellular and molecular interrogation of kidney tissue have ushered a new era of understanding the pathogenesis of kidney disease and potentially identifying molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Classifying cells in situ and identifying subtypes and states induced by injury is a foundational task in this context. High resolution Imaging-based approaches such as large-scale fluorescence 3D imaging offer significant advantages because they allow preservation of tissue architecture and provide a definition of the spatial context of each cell. We recently described the Volumetric Tissue Exploration and Analysis cytometry tool which enables an interactive analysis, quantitation and semiautomated classification of labeled cells in 3D image volumes. We also established and demonstrated an imaging-based classification using deep learning of cells in intact tissue using 3D nuclear staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). In this mini-review, we will discuss recent advancements in analyzing 3D imaging of kidney tissue, and how combining machine learning with cytometry is a powerful approach to leverage the depth of content provided by high resolution imaging into a highly informative analytical output. Therefore, imaging a small tissue specimen will yield big scale data that will enable cell classification in a spatial context and provide novel insights on pathological changes induced by kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M. El-Achkar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Tarek M. El-Achkar,
| | - Seth Winfree
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Niloy Talukder
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Daria Barwinska
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael J. Ferkowicz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mohammad Al Hasan
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Mohammad Al Hasan,
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Mehta YR, Lewis SA, Leo KT, Chen L, Park E, Raghuram V, Chou CL, Yang CR, Kikuchi H, Khundmiri S, Poll BG, Knepper MA. "ADPKD-omics": determinants of cyclic AMP levels in renal epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2022; 101:47-62. [PMID: 34757121 PMCID: PMC10671900 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in kidney epithelial cells is important in at least 2 groups of disorders, namely water balance disorders and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Focusing on the latter, we review genes that code for proteins that are determinants of cAMP levels in cells. We identify which of these determinants are expressed in the 14 kidney tubule segments using recently published RNA-sequencing and protein mass spectrometry data ("autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease-omics"). This includes G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, cAMP transporters, cAMP-binding proteins, regulator of G protein-signaling proteins, G protein-coupled receptor kinases, arrestins, calcium transporters, and calcium-binding proteins. In addition, compartmentalized cAMP signaling in the primary cilium is discussed, and a specialized database of the proteome of the primary cilium of cultured "IMCD3" cells is provided as an online resource (https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/CiliumProteome/). Overall, this article provides a general resource in the form of a curated list of proteins likely to play roles in determination of cAMP levels in kidney epithelial cells and, therefore, likely to be determinants of progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash R Mehta
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Spencer A Lewis
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirby T Leo
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Syed Khundmiri
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian G Poll
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Martins JR, Haenni D, Bugarski M, Polesel M, Schuh C, Hall AM. Intravital kidney microscopy: entering a new era. Kidney Int 2021; 100:527-535. [PMID: 34015315 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of intravital imaging with multiphoton microscopy has had a major impact on kidney research. It provides the unique opportunity to visualize dynamic behavior of cells and organelles in their native environment and to relate this to the complex 3-dimensional structure of the organ. Moreover, changes in cell/organelle function can be followed in real time in response to physiological interventions or disease-causing insults. However, realizing the enormous potential of this exciting approach has necessitated overcoming several substantial practical hurdles. In this article, we outline the nature of these challenges and how a variety of technical advances have provided effective solutions. In particular, improvements in laser/microscope technology, fluorescent probes, transgenic animals, and abdominal windows are collectively making previously opaque processes visible. Meanwhile, the rise of machine learning-based image analysis is facilitating the rapid generation of large amounts of quantitative data, amenable to deeper statistical interrogation. Taken together, the increased capabilities of multiphoton imaging are opening up huge new possibilities to study structure-function relationships in the kidney in unprecedented detail. In addition, they are yielding important new insights into cellular mechanisms of tissue damage, repair, and adaptive remodeling during disease states. Thus, intravital microscopy is truly entering an exciting new era in translational kidney research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Martins
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Haenni
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milica Bugarski
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Claus Schuh
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M Hall
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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The proximal tubule, protein uptake, and the riddle of the segments. Kidney Int 2021; 99:803-805. [PMID: 33745544 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubule is divided anatomically into 3 distinct segments-S1 to S3-on the basis of differences in cellular ultrastructure, but the functional processes that define and shape these remain elusive. In a new study, Christensen used 3-dimensional nephron reconstruction, electron microscopy, and antibody staining to precisely map protein uptake to the structure of the proximal tubule. They reported striking axial patterns in endocytosis along the segments, which showed substantial plasticity in disease states.
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Bugarski M, Ghazi S, Polesel M, Martins JR, Hall AM. Changes in NAD and Lipid Metabolism Drive Acidosis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:342-356. [PMID: 33478973 PMCID: PMC8054907 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney plays an important role in maintaining normal blood pH. Metabolic acidosis (MA) upregulates the pathway that mitochondria in the proximal tubule (PT) use to produce ammonia and bicarbonate from glutamine, and is associated with AKI. However, the extent to which MA causes AKI, and thus whether treating MA would be beneficial, is unclear. METHODS Gavage with ammonium chloride induced acute MA. Multiphoton imaging of mitochondria (NADH/membrane potential) and transport function (dextran/albumin uptake), oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measurements in isolated tubules, histologic analysis, and electron microscopy in fixed tissue, and urinary biomarkers (KIM-1/clara cell 16) assessed tubular cell structure and function in mouse kidney cortex. RESULTS MA induces an acute change in NAD redox state (toward oxidation) in PT mitochondria, without changing the mitochondrial energization state. This change is associated with a switch toward complex I activity and decreased maximal OCR, and a major alteration in normal lipid metabolism, resulting in marked lipid accumulation in PTs and the formation of large multilamellar bodies. These changes, in turn, lead to acute tubular damage and a severe defect in solute uptake. Increasing blood pH with intravenous bicarbonate substantially improves tubular function, whereas preinjection with the NAD precursor nicotinamide (NAM) is highly protective. CONCLUSIONS MA induces AKI via changes in PT NAD and lipid metabolism, which can be reversed or prevented by treatment strategies that are viable in humans. These findings might also help to explain why MA accelerates decline in function in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Bugarski
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Ghazi
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Joana R. Martins
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M. Hall
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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