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Hu SW, Wang YH, Huang JS, Yang YM, Wu CC, Cheng CW. The PDE5 inhibitor, vardenafil, ameliorates progressive pathological changes in a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis mouse model. Life Sci 2022; 309:120992. [PMID: 36155178 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) inhibit the hydrolysis of cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate in smooth muscle cells and are a widely known treatment for erectile dysfunction. Accumulating evidence also suggests that PDE5is exhibit potential benefits in cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of a PDE5i, vardenafil (VAR), in a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS FSGS was induced in BALB/c mice by the intravenous administration of Adriamycin (AD, 11 mg/kg of body weight). After 24 h, VAR (at 12.5 μg/ml) was given in drinking water ad libitum until the animals were sacrificed. At the end of the experiment, plasma and kidney samples were harvested to evaluate clinical parameters, histopathological changes, and alterations in transcriptome and protein expressions. KEY FINDINGS In this study, VAR treatment attenuated the deterioration of proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and hypercholesterolemia in AD-induced FSGS. Treatment with VAR exhibited reductions in the severity of both glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury in the histological analysis. In addition to relieving AD-induced podocyte loss, VAR also preserved endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries and ameliorated the accumulation of collagen fibers in the mesangial area and Bowman's capsule basement membrane. In addition, VAR showed an ability to suppress transforming growth factor-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that VAR exhibited reno-therapeutic effects via attenuating podocyte loss, preserving the integrity of the glomerular vasculature, and ameliorating fibrotic changes. These findings suggest that PDE5is might be a promising treatment modality for nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Wei Hu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jhy-Shrian Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yea-Mey Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Wu
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Jin M, Ren W, Zhang W, Liu L, Yin Z, Li D. Exploring the Underlying Mechanism of Shenyankangfu Tablet in the Treatment of Glomerulonephritis Through Network Pharmacology, Machine Learning, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4585-4601. [PMID: 34785888 PMCID: PMC8590514 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s333209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of Shenyankangfu tablet (SYKFT) in the treatment of glomerulonephritis (GN) based on network pharmacology, machine learning, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Methods The active ingredients and potential targets of SYKFT were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, the targets of GN were obtained through GeneCards, etc. Perl and Cytoscape were used to construct an herb-active ingredient–target network. Then, the clusterProfiler package of R was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. We also used the STRING platform and Cytoscape to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, as well as the SwissTargetPrediction server to predict the target protein of the core active ingredient based on machine-learning model. Molecular-docking analysis was further performed using AutoDock Vina and Pymol. Finally, we verified the effect of SYKFT on GN in vivo. Results A total of 154 active ingredients and 255 targets in SYKFT were screened, and 135 targets were identified to be related to GN. GO enrichment analysis indicated that biological processes were primarily associated with oxidative stress and cell proliferation. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these targets were involved mostly in infection-related and GN-related pathways. PPI network analysis identified 13 core targets of SYKFT. Results of machine-learning model suggested that STAT3 and AKT1 may be the key target. Results of molecular docking suggested that the main active components of SYKFT can be combined with various target proteins. In vivo experiments confirmed that SYKFT may alleviate renal pathological injury by regulating core genes, thereby reducing urinary protein. Conclusion This study demonstrated for the first time the multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway characteristics of SYKFT for GN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing-Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases (2011DAV00088), National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Ditan Hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases (2011DAV00088), National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Linchang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases (2011DAV00088), National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases (2011DAV00088), National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Diangeng Li
- Department of Academic Research, Beijing-Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
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3
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He F, Zhang D, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Wu L, Li Z, Zhang C, Jiang Z, Wang Y. Angiopoietin‐Tie signaling in kidney diseases: an updated review. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2706-2715. [PMID: 31380564 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Fang He
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhen‐Qiong Li
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhao‐Hua Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yu‐Mei Wang
- Department of Nephrology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Bai J, Wu L, Chen X, Wang L, Li Q, Zhang Y, Wu J, Cai G, Chen X. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1/STAT1 Regulates Renal Inflammation in Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Models. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1982. [PMID: 30214448 PMCID: PMC6125399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsGN) is a significant global threat to public health. Inflammation plays a crucial role in MsGN; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that suppression of the cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathway is associated with renal inflammation and renal injury in MsGN. Using MsGN rat (Thy1.1 GN) and mouse (Habu GN) models, renal SOCS1/STAT1 was determined to be associated with CD4+ T cell infiltration and related cytokines. In vitro, SOCS1 overexpression repressed IFN-γ-induced MHC class II and cytokine levels and STAT1 phosphorylation in mesangial cells. SOCS1 and STAT1 inhibitors significantly inhibited IFN-γ-induced CIITA promoter activity and MHC class II expression. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the pivotal role of the SOCS1/STAT1 axis in the regulation of inflammation in MsGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoniao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
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Zhu G, Qiu W, Li Y, Zhao C, He F, Zhou M, Wang L, Zhao D, Lu Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yu T, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 Induces Glomerular Mesangial Cell Apoptosis through the Cascade Pathway of MEKK2-p38 MAPK-IRF-1-TRADD-Caspase 8 in Rat Thy-1 Nephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1104-1118. [PMID: 28039298 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in the early phase of rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N), a model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), is primarily triggered by sublytic C5b-9. However, the mechanism of GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9 remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that expressions of TNFR1-associated death domain-containing protein (TRADD) and IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) were simultaneously upregulated in the renal tissue of Thy-1N rats (in vivo) and in GMCs under sublytic C5b-9 stimulation (in vitro). In vitro, TRADD was confirmed to be a downstream gene of IRF-1, because IRF-1 could bind to TRADD gene promoter to promote its transcription, leading to caspase 8 activation and GMC apoptosis. Increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was verified to contribute to IRF-1 and TRADD production and caspase 8 activation, as well as to GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9. Furthermore, phosphorylation of MEK kinase 2 (MEKK2) mediated p38 MAPK activation. More importantly, three sites (Ser153/164/239) of MEKK2 phosphorylation were identified and demonstrated to be necessary for p38 MAPK activation. In addition, silencing of renal MEKK2, IRF-1, and TRADD genes or inhibition of p38 MAPK activation in vivo had obvious inhibitory effects on GMC apoptosis, secondary proliferation, and urinary protein secretion in rats with Thy-1N. Collectively, these findings indicate that the cascade axis of MEKK2-p38 MAPK-IRF-1-TRADD-caspase 8 may play an important role in GMC apoptosis following exposure to sublytic C5b-9 in rat Thy-1N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganqian Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongting Li
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; .,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Kidney glomeruli ultrafilter blood to generate urine and they are dysfunctional in a variety of kidney diseases. There are two key vascular growth factor families implicated in glomerular biology and function, namely the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and the angiopoietins (Angpt). We present examples showing not only how these molecules help generate and maintain healthy glomeruli but also how they drive disease when their expression is dysregulated. Finally, we review how manipulating VEGF and Angpt signalling may be used to treat glomerular disease.
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Angiopoietins modulate endothelial adaptation, glomerular and podocyte hypertrophy after uninephrectomy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82592. [PMID: 24367525 PMCID: PMC3867364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular capillary remodeling is an essential process in the development of glomerular hypertrophy. Angiopoietins, which are important regulators in angiogenesis, plays a role in the development of glomerulus during embryogenesis. Here, we evaluated the influence of angiopoietin on glomerular components and hypertrophy after uninephrectomy in adult male BALB/c mice. The actions of angiopoietin 1 or 2 were systemically antagonized by the subcutaneous administration of antagonists. We observed that the angiopoietin system was activated after uninephrectomy, and that the blockade of angiopoietin 1 or 2 decreased the activation of the angiopoietin receptor--tyrosine kinase with Ig and EGF homology domains-2--and attenuated the development of glomerular and podocyte hypertrophy. The increase in endothelial density staining (anti-CD31) following uninephrectomy was also reversed by angiopoietin 1 or 2 blockades. Glomerular basement thickness and foot process width were observed to decrease in the angiopoietin blockade groups. These changes were associated with the down regulation of the expression of genes for the glomerular matrix and basement membrane, including collagen type IV α1, collagen type IV α2, collagen type IV α5, and laminin α5. Thus, angiopoietin 1 or 2 may play an important role in the development of glomerular hypertrophy after uninephrectomy. A blockade of the angiopoietin system not only influenced the endothelium but also the podocyte, leading to diminished gene expression and morphological changes after uninephrectomy.
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Abstract
The increasing burden of chronic kidney disease worldwide and recent advancements in the understanding of pathologic events leading to kidney injury have opened up new potential avenues for therapies to further diminish progression of kidney disease by targeting the glomerular filtration barrier and reducing proteinuria. The glomerular filtration barrier is affected by many different metabolic and immune-mediated injuries. Glomerular endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes—the three components of the filtration barrier—work together to prevent the loss of protein and at the same time allow passage of water and smaller molecules. Damage to any of the components of the filtration barrier can initiate proteinuria and renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine strongly associated with the fibrogenic response. It has a known role in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In this review we will highlight what is known about TGF-β and how it interacts with the components of glomerular filtration barrier and causes loss of function and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Ghayur
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Ghayur A, Liu L, Kolb M, Chawla A, Lambe S, Kapoor A, Margetts PJ. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of TGF-β1 to the renal glomeruli leads to proteinuria. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:940-951. [PMID: 22203053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of proteinuria in many common kidney diseases involves glomerular hemodynamic effects and local expression of angiogenic, fibrogenic, and vasoactive factors. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been associated with many diseases involving proteinuria and renal fibrosis. TGF-β has been shown to induce podocyte dedifferentiation in vitro, but its in vivo effects on the glomerular filtration barrier are not well described. In this study, we used an adenovirus vector to transfer active TGF-β1 to the glomeruli of rat kidneys. Transient TGF-β1 overexpression induced significant proteinuria, podocyte foot process effacement, nephrin down-regulation, and nephrinuria. The expression of synaptopodin was also significantly down-regulated by TGF-β1. Increased glomerular expression of Snail, suggestive of an in vivo dedifferentiation process, was associated with a loss of podocyte epithelial markers. The expression of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 was significantly increased in TGF-β1-transfected glomeruli, and TGF-β1 increased the expression of the angiopoietin receptor, Tie2, in podocyte cell culture. TGF-β1 down-regulated nephrin and synaptopodin expression in podocytes in cell culture; this effect was reversed by the blockade of both angiopoietin and Tie2 activities. These findings suggest that locally produced TGF-β1 can cause podocyte dedifferentiation marked by a loss of synaptopodin, nephrin, and foot process effacement, partly regulated by angiopoietins. This process represents a novel pathway that may explain proteinuria in a variety of common renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Ghayur
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arun Chawla
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahid Lambe
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J Margetts
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Amann K, Odoni G, Benz K, Campean V, Jacobi J, Hilgers KF, Hartner A, Veelken R, Orth SR. Sympathetic blockade prevents the decrease in cardiac VEGF expression and capillary supply in experimental renal failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F105-12. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00363.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic cardiomyopathy of men and rodents is characterized by lower myocardial capillary supply that in rats could be prevented by central and peripheral blockade of the sympathetic nervous system. The underlying pathomechanisms remain largely unknown. We investigated whether alterations of cardiac vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and protein expression were involved. In our long-term experiment, we analyzed whether VEGF gene and protein expression was altered in the heart of male Sprague-Dawley rats with either sham operation (sham, n = 10) or subtotal nephrectomy (SNX, n = 10). In our short-term experiment (17 sham, 24 SNX), the effect of a putative downregulation of sympathetic nervous activity by surgical renal denervation (interruption of renal afferent pathways) on cardiac gene expression of VEGF, flt-1, and flk-1 and on myocardial capillary supply was analyzed. In the long-term study, cardiac capillary supply and vascular endothelial growth factor gene and protein expression were significantly lower in SNX than in sham. In the short-term experiment, cardiac VEGF mRNA expression was significantly lower in untreated SNX (4,258 ± 2,078 units) than in both sham groups (11,709 ± 4,169 and 8,998 ± 4,823 units); this decrease was significantly prevented by renal denervation (8,190 ± 3,889, P < 0.05). We conclude that cardiac VEGF gene and protein expression is reduced in experimental renal failure, and this may be considered as one potential reason for impaired myocardial adaptation under the situation of cardiac hypertrophy. The beneficial effect of sympathetic downregulation on cardiac structure and function in renal failure may be at least in part explained by increased cardiac VEGF gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Odoni
- Ospedale Civile di Dolo, Venezia, Italia
| | | | | | - J. Jacobi
- Hypertensiology and Nephrology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - K. F. Hilgers
- Hypertensiology and Nephrology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | | | - R. Veelken
- Hypertensiology and Nephrology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - S. R. Orth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg
- Dialysis Centre Bad Aibling, Bad Aibling, Germany; and
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Cina DP, Xu H, Liu L, Farkas L, Farkas D, Kolb M, Margetts PJ. Renal tubular angiogenic dysregulation in anti-Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 300:F488-98. [PMID: 21048020 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00214.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritubular vascular changes and hypoxia after glomerular injury may explain subsequent tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis. Several studies suggested that the expected tubulointerstitial angiogenic response is actively suppressed in this setting. The mechanism of this aberrant response has not been clearly identified. We used a common model of glomerular injury in rats to assess vascular changes and to identify potential factors associated with this aberrant response. Anti-Thy1.1 antibody administration (1 or 4 weekly doses) led to a dose-dependent renal damage characterized by elevated urea and tubulointerstitial fibrosis as assessed by Picro-Sirius Red staining. We quantified peritubular capillaries using CD31 and CD34 immunohistochemistry and showed that tubular angiogenic dysregulation was associated with peritubular capillary rarefaction. Using laser capture microdissection, we demonstrated an early induction of fibrogenic and angiogenic factors in the glomeruli and a subsequent dysregulated angiogenic response in the tubulointerstitial compartment. Proximal tubules of anti-Thy1.1-treated animals had increased pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) expression by immunohistochemistry. Protein taken by laser capture microdissection also showed that PEDF was upregulated. Temporally associated with PEDF expression was a transient downregulation of tubular hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α. In a human proximal tubular cell culture, we show that PEDF downregulates HIF1α protein and gene expression in cells exposed to 1% oxygen. In anti-Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis, there is aberrent tubular angiogenesis associated with glomerular injury and tubulointersititial fibrosis. We showed that PEDF may be involved by downregulating HIF1α. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanism of PEDF upregulation and action in the tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide P Cina
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Murakami T, Abe H, Nagai K, Tominaga T, Takamatsu N, Araoka T, Kishi S, Takahashi T, Mima A, Takai Y, Kopp JB, Doi T. Trophoblast glycoprotein: possible candidate mediating podocyte injuries in glomerulonephritis. Am J Nephrol 2010; 32:505-21. [PMID: 20980737 DOI: 10.1159/000321366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND trophoblast glycoprotein (Tpbg), a 72-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein, is known to regulate the phenotypes of epithelial cells by modifying actin organization and cell motility. Recently, a microarray study showed that Tpbg is upregulated in Thy1 glomerulonephritis (Thy1 GN). We hypothesized that Tpbg regulates cytoskeletal rearrangement and modulates phenotypic alteration in podocytes under pathological conditions. METHODS we examined Tpbg expression in Thy1 GN and Tpbg function in mouse podocytes. RESULTS we demonstrated that Tpbg is upregulated in the injured podocytes of Thy1 GN. In vitro, immunofluorescence studies revealed that Tpbg colocalized with the focal adhesion protein, vinculin, in parallel with stress fiber formation. This colocalization was observed even when actin filaments were depolymerized with cytochalasin D. Tpbg localization at focal adhesions was induced by dominant-active RhoA and suppressed by the ROCK1 inhibitor Y-26732. In addition, transforming growth factor-β increased Tpbg expression at focal adhesions concurrently with rearrangement of stress fibers. Stress fiber formation was suppressed in differentiated podocytes transfected with full-length Tpbg. Furthermore, knockdown of Tpbg using small interfering RNA decreased podocyte motility. CONCLUSION our findings suggest a novel role of Tpbg in the phenotypic alteration of injured podocytes, and we accordingly propose a new mechanism of glomerular injury in glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Murakami
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute of Health-Bio-Science, University of Tokushima, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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De Spiegelaere W, Cornillie P, Erkens T, Van Loo D, Casteleyn C, Van Poucke M, Burvenich C, Van Hoorebeke L, Van Ginneken C, Peelman L, Van den Broeck W. Expression and localization of angiogenic growth factors in developing porcine mesonephric glomeruli. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:1045-56. [PMID: 20713984 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.956557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and growth of renal glomeruli is regulated by specific angiogenic growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the angiopoietins (ANGPT1 and ANGPT2). The expression of these factors has already been studied during metanephric glomerulogenesis, but it remains to be elucidated during the development of the embryonic mesonephros, which can function as an interesting model for glomerular development and senescence. In this study, the presence of the angiogenic growth factors was studied in developing porcine mesonephroi, using IHC and real-time RT-qPCR on laser capture microdissected glomeruli. In addition, mesonephric glomerular growth was measured by using stereological methods. ANGPT2 remained upregulated during maturation of glomeruli, which may be explained by the continuous growth of the glomeruli, as observed by stereological examination. The mRNA for VEGFA was expressed in early developing and in maturing glomeruli. The VEGF receptor VEGFR1 was stably expressed during the whole lifespan of mesonephric glomeruli, whereas VEGFR2 mRNA was only upregulated in early glomerulogenesis, suggesting that VEGFR2 is important for the vascular growth but that VEGFR1 is important for the maintenance of endothelial fenestrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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van Meurs M, Kümpers P, Ligtenberg JJM, Meertens JHJM, Molema G, Zijlstra JG. Bench-to-bedside review: Angiopoietin signalling in critical illness - a future target? CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2009; 13:207. [PMID: 19435476 PMCID: PMC2689450 DOI: 10.1186/cc7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurs in response to major insults such as sepsis, severe haemorrhage, trauma, major surgery and pancreatitis. The mortality rate is high despite intensive supportive care. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying MODS are not entirely clear, although several have been proposed. Overwhelming inflammation, immunoparesis, occult oxygen debt and other mechanisms have been investigated, and – despite many unanswered questions – therapies targeting these mechanisms have been developed. Unfortunately, only a few interventions, usually those targeting multiple mechanisms at the same time, have appeared to be beneficial. We clearly need to understand better the mechanisms that underlie MODS. The endothelium certainly plays an active role in MODS. It functions at the intersection of several systems, including inflammation, coagulation, haemodynamics, fluid and electrolyte balance, and cell migration. An important regulator of these systems is the angiopoietin/Tie2 signalling system. In this review we describe this signalling system, giving special attention to what is known about it in critically ill patients and its potential as a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Woolf AS, Gnudi L, Long DA. Roles of angiopoietins in kidney development and disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 20:239-44. [PMID: 18799719 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietins are a family of growth factors, the best studied being angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1), which binds to and tyrosine-phosphorylates endothelial Tie-2, causing enhanced survival and cell-cell stabilization. Ang-2 and Tie-1 downregulate Ang-1-induced Tie-2 signaling, and angiopoietin actions are further modified by vascular endothelial growth factor A and integrins. Metanephric capillaries express Tie genes, whereas metanephric mesenchyme, maturing tubules, and mature podocytes express Ang-1. Ang-1 null embryos begin to form blood vessels, but subsequent vascular remodeling fails, and analyses of chimeric wild-type/Tie null mutant embryos show that Tie genes are needed for renal endothelial survival. Ang-2 is transiently expressed in renal arterial smooth muscle and mesangial cells, and tubules around adult vasa rectae express Ang-2. Ang-2 null mice have increased pericytes around kidney cortical peritubular capillaries, perhaps an indirect consequence of upregulated Tie-2 signaling. Ang-1 therapies attenuate peritubular capillary loss in adult models of tubulointerstitial disease, although, in one study, this was accompanied by enhanced inflammation and fibrosis. Podocyte-directed Ang-2 transgenic overexpression causes glomerular endothelial apoptosis, downregulated nephrin expression, and increased albuminuria, and glomerular Ang-2 is upregulated in hyperglycemic and immune-mediated glomerulopathies. Thus, angiopoietins affect podocyte as well as glomerular endothelial biology, and imbalanced angiopoietin signaling contributes to glomerular pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian S Woolf
- Nephro-Urology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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