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Dong S, Yang F, Zhang Y, Teng Y, Tang W, Liu J, Fan H. Effect of X-ray irradiation on renal excretion of bestatin through down-regulating organic anion transporters via the vitamin D receptor in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 399:111123. [PMID: 38964638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic changes induced by radiation following radiotherapy ("RT-PK" phenomenon) are of great significance to the effectiveness and safety of chemotherapeutic agents in clinical settings. The aims of this study were to clarify the organic anion transporters (Oats) involved in the "RT-PK" phenomenon of bestatin in rats following X-ray irradiation and to elucidate its potential mechanism via vitamin D signalling. Pharmacokinetic studies, uptake assays using rat kidney slices and primary proximal tubule cells, and molecular biological studies were performed. Significantly increased plasma concentrations and systemic exposure to bestatin were observed at 24 and 48 h following abdominal X-ray irradiation, regardless of oral or intravenous administration of the drugs in rats. Reduced renal clearance and cumulative urinary excretion of bestatin were observed at 24 and 48 h post-irradiation in rats following intravenous administration. The uptake of the probe substrates p-aminohippuric acid and oestrone 3-sulfate sodium in vitro and the expression of Oat1 and Oat3 in vivo were reduced in the corresponding models following irradiation. Moreover, the upregulation of the vitamin D receptor (Vdr) in mRNA and protein levels negatively correlated with the expressions and functions of Oat1 and Oat3 following irradiation. Additionally, elevated plasma urea nitrogen levels and histopathological changes were observed in rats after exposure to irradiation. The "RT-PK" phenomenon of bestatin occurs in rats after exposure to irradiation, possibly resulting in the regulation of the expressions and activities of renal Oats via activation of the Vdr signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Fanlong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yunhua Teng
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Weisheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Huirong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 238, Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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2
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Wang J, Shi B, Pan Y, Yang Z, Zou W, Liu M. Asperulosidic Acid Ameliorates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via Removing Indoxyl Sulfate by Up-Regulating Organic Anion Transporters in a Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Mice Model. Molecules 2023; 28:7690. [PMID: 38067420 PMCID: PMC10707915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Asperulosidic acid is a bioactive iridoid isolated from Hedyotis diffusa Willd. with anti-inflammatory and renal protective effects. However, its mechanism on renal interstitial fibrosis has not been elucidated yet. The present study aims to explore whether asperulosidic acid could retard renal fibrosis by reducing the circulating indoxyl sulfate (IS), which is a uremic toxin and accelerates chronic kidney disease progression by inducing renal fibrosis. In this paper, a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model of Balb/C mice was established. After the mice were orally administered with asperulosidic acid (14 and 28 mg/kg) for two weeks, blood, liver and kidney were collected for biochemical, histological, qPCR and Western blot analyses. Asperulosidic acid administration markedly reduced the serum IS level and significantly alleviated the histological changes in glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis. It is noteworthy that the mRNA and protein levels of the organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), OAT3 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) in the kidney were significantly increased, while the mRNA expressions of cytochrome P450 2e1 (Cyp2e1) and sulfotransferase 1a1 (Sult1a1) in the liver were not altered after asperulosidic acid administration. These results reveal that asperulosidic acid could accelerate the renal excretion of IS by up-regulating OATs via HNF1α in UUO mice, thereby alleviating renal fibrosis, but did not significantly affect its production in the liver, which might provide important information for the development of asperulosidic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Birui Shi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (B.S.); (Y.P.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yueqing Pan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (B.S.); (Y.P.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhuan Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (B.S.); (Y.P.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Wei Zou
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (B.S.); (Y.P.); (Z.Y.)
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3
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Zhou S, Shu Y. Transcriptional Regulation of Solute Carrier (SLC) Drug Transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:DMD-MR-2021-000704. [PMID: 35644529 PMCID: PMC9488976 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Facilitated transport is necessitated for large size, charged, and/or hydrophilic drugs to move across the membrane. The drug transporters in the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, mainly including organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs), organic anion transporters (OATs), organic cation transporters (OCTs), organic cation/carnitine transporters (OCTNs), peptide transporters (PEPTs), and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), are critical facilitators of drug transport and distribution in human body. The expression of these SLC drug transporters is found in tissues throughout the body, with high abundance in the epithelial cells of major organs for drug disposition, such as intestine, liver, and kidney. These SLC drug transporters are clinically important in drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion. The mechanisms underlying their regulation have been revealing in recent years. Epigenetic and nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation of SLC drug transporters have particularly attracted much attention. This review focuses on the transcriptional regulation of major SLC drug transporter genes. Revealing the mechanisms underlying the transcription of those critical drug transporters will help us understand pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, ultimately improving drug therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing drug toxicity. Significance Statement It has become increasingly recognized that solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters play a crucial, and sometimes determinative, role in drug disposition and response, which is reflected in decision-making during not only clinical drug therapy but also drug development. Understanding the mechanisms accounting for the transcription of these transporters is critical to interpret their abundance in various tissues under different conditions, which is necessary to clarify the pharmacological response, adverse effects, and drug-drug interactions for clinically used drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Yan Shu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, United States
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4
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Luan ZL, Zhang C, Ming WH, Huang YZ, Guan YF, Zhang XY. Nuclear receptors in renal health and disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103855. [PMID: 35123268 PMCID: PMC8819107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major social and economic burden for the healthcare system, kidney diseases contribute to the constant increase of worldwide deaths. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the etiology, development and progression of kidney diseases may help to identify potential therapeutic targets. As a superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors, nuclear receptors (NRs) are critical for the maintenance of normal renal function and their dysfunction is associated with a variety of kidney diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that ligands for NRs protect patients from renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN), renal fibrosis and kidney cancers. In the past decade, some breakthroughs have been made for the translation of NR ligands into clinical use. This review summarizes the current understanding of several important NRs in renal physiology and pathophysiology and discusses recent findings and applications of NR ligands in the management of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wen-Hua Ming
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ying-Zhi Huang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - You-Fei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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5
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Pou Casellas C, Jansen K, Rookmaaker MB, Clevers H, Verhaar MC, Masereeuw R. Regulation of Solute Carriers OCT2 and OAT1/3 in the Kidney: A Phylogenetic, Ontogenetic and Cell Dynamic Perspective. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:993-1024. [PMID: 34486394 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the course of more than 500 million years, the kidneys have undergone a remarkable evolution from primitive nephric tubes to intricate filtration-reabsorption systems that maintain homeostasis and remove metabolic end products from the body. The evolutionarily conserved solute carriers Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2), and Organic Anion Transporters 1 and 3 (OAT1/3) coordinate the active secretion of a broad range of endogenous and exogenous substances, many of which accumulate in the blood of patients with kidney failure despite dialysis. Harnessing OCT2 and OAT1/3 through functional preservation or regeneration could alleviate the progression of kidney disease. Additionally, it would improve current in vitro test models that lose their expression in culture. With this review, we explore OCT2 and OAT1/3 regulation using different perspectives: phylogenetic, ontogenetic and cell dynamic. Our aim is to identify possible molecular targets to both help prevent or compensate for the loss of transport activity in patients with kidney disease, and to enable endogenous OCT2 and OAT1/3 induction in vitro in order to develop better models for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pou Casellas
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Jansen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Beaudoin JJ, Brouwer KLR, Malinen MM. Novel insights into the organic solute transporter alpha/beta, OSTα/β: From the bench to the bedside. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107542. [PMID: 32247663 PMCID: PMC7480074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic solute transporter alpha/beta (OSTα/β) is a heteromeric solute carrier protein that transports bile acids, steroid metabolites and drugs into and out of cells. OSTα/β protein is expressed in various tissues, but its expression is highest in the gastrointestinal tract where it facilitates the recirculation of bile acids from the gut to the liver. Previous studies established that OSTα/β is upregulated in liver tissue of patients with extrahepatic cholestasis, obstructive cholestasis, and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), conditions that are characterized by elevated bile acid concentrations in the liver and/or systemic circulation. The discovery that OSTα/β is highly upregulated in the liver of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) further highlights the clinical relevance of this transporter because the incidence of NASH is increasing at an alarming rate with the obesity epidemic. Since OSTα/β is closely linked to the homeostasis of bile acids, and tightly regulated by the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor, OSTα/β is a potential drug target for treatment of cholestatic liver disease, and other bile acid-related metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Obeticholic acid, a semi-synthetic bile acid used to treat PBC, under review for the treatment of NASH, and in development for the treatment of other metabolic disorders, induces OSTα/β. Some drugs associated with hepatotoxicity inhibit OSTα/β, suggesting a possible role for OSTα/β in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Furthermore, clinical cases of homozygous genetic defects in both OSTα/β subunits resulting in diarrhea and features of cholestasis have been reported. This review article has been compiled to comprehensively summarize the recent data emerging on OSTα/β, recapitulating the available literature on the structure-function and expression-function relationships of OSTα/β, the regulation of this important transporter, the interaction of drugs and other compounds with OSTα/β, and the comparison of OSTα/β with other solute carrier transporters as well as adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters. Findings from basic to more clinically focused research efforts are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Beaudoin
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Melina M Malinen
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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7
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Chonlaket P, Wongwan T, Soodvilai S. Liver X receptor activation inhibits SGLT2-mediated glucose transport in human renal proximal tubular cells. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:250-260. [PMID: 29127736 DOI: 10.1113/ep086478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The liver X receptor (LXR) has been reported to regulate several membrane transporters. It is imperative to investigate whether LXR activation regulates SGLT2-mediated glucose transport in human renal proximal tubular cells. What is the main finding and its importance? Liver X receptor activation inhibits SGLT2 transport function in normal and high-glucose conditions via reduction of SGLT2 protein expression. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of a nuclear receptor family consisting of two isoforms, LXRα and LXRβ. They play a major role in energy metabolism, including lipid and glucose metabolism. Recent studies reported that LXRs regulate plasma glucose, although the mechanism is still uncertain. The present study investigated whether LXR activation regulates sodium glucose cotransporter2 (SGLT2) in human renal proximal tubular cells. LXR agonists, T0901317 and GW3965, inhibited SGLT2-mediated glucose uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of T0901317 and GW3965 was attenuated by a LXR antagonist, fenofibrate. Activation of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, bexarotene, potentiates the inhibitory effect of these ligands. Thus, the inhibitory effect of LXR agonists on SGLT2 was mediated and facilitated by LXR and RXR activation, respectively. In addition, the inhibitory effect of LXR agonists was not mediated by cytotoxicity. Exposing HK-2 cells, a renal proximal tubular cell line, to LXR agonists significantly reduced the maximal transport rate of SGLT2 without any effect on transporter affinity. Western blot analysis revealed that LXR activation significantly decreased protein expression of SGLT2 with no change in mRNA level. In addition, LXR activation inhibited canagliflozin-sensitive short-circuit current, which represents SGLT2-mediated glucose transport in a polarized human renal proximal tubular cell monolayer. Furthermore, LXR activation inhibited the transport function of SGLT2 in hyperglycaemic conditions. As such, this study represents evidence for the inhibitory effect of LXR activation on glucose transport in human renal proximal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattira Chonlaket
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Research Center of Transporter Protein for Medical Innovation, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Teerasak Wongwan
- Research Center of Transporter Protein for Medical Innovation, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sunhapas Soodvilai
- Research Center of Transporter Protein for Medical Innovation, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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8
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Huo X, Liu K. Renal organic anion transporters in drug-drug interactions and diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 112:8-19. [PMID: 29109021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kidney plays a vital role in maintaining systemic homeostasis. Active tubular secretion and reabsorption, which are mainly mediated by transporters, is an efficient mechanism for retaining glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients and for the clearance of endogenous waste products and xenobiotics. These substances are recognized by uptake transporters located in the basolateral and apical membranes of renal proximal tubule cells and are extracted from plasma and urine. Organic anion transporters (OATs) belong to the solute carrier (SLC) 22 superfamily and facilitate organic anions across the plasma membranes of renal proximal tubule cells. OATs are responsible for the transmembrane transport of anionic and zwitterionic organic molecules, including endogenous substances and many drugs. The alteration in OAT expression and function caused by diseases, drug-drug interactions (DDIs) or other issues can thus change the renal disposition of substrates, induce the accumulation of toxic metabolites, and lead to unexpected clinically outcome. This review summarizes the recent information regarding the expression, regulation, and substrate spectrum of OATs and discusses the roles of OATs in diseases and DDIs. These findings will enables us to have a better understanding of the related disease therapy and the potential risk of DDIs mediated by OATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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9
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Wongwan T, Kittayaruksakul S, Asavapanumas N, Chatsudthipong V, Soodvilai S. Activation of liver X receptor inhibits OCT2-mediated organic cation transport in renal proximal tubular cells. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1471-1481. [PMID: 28741179 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) is transcriptional factor that plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism such as cholesterol, lipid, and glucose metabolism as well as membrane transporters and channels. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, LXR regulation of the expression and function of renal organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) was observed. Synthetic LXR agonist (GW3965) and endogenous LXR agonist (22R-hydroxycholesterol) significantly reduced the uptake of 3H-MPP+, a prototypic substrate of OCT2, in both OCT2- Chinese hamster ovary K1 and human renal proximal tubular cells (RPTEC/TERT1). GW3965 decreased transport activity of OCT2 via a reduction of the maximal transport rate of MPP+ without affecting transporter affinity. The inhibitory effect of GW3965 was attenuated by co-treatment with LXR antagonist (fenofibrate) indicating the inhibition was LXR-dependent mechanism. In addition, co-treatment with a retinoic X receptor (RXR) ligand, 9-cis retinoic acid enhanced the inhibitory effect of GW3965, indicating negative regulation of OCT2 transport activity by the LXR/RXR complex. Treatment RPTEC/TERT1 cells with GW3965 significantly reduced OCT2 protein expression without changing mRNA expression. In parallel, the effect of LXR activation on OCT2 function was investigated in intact mouse kidney. Treating mice with 50 mg/kg BW T0901317 for 14 days significantly decreased 3H-MPP+ uptake into renal cortical slices, correlating with decreased OCT2 protein expression in renal cortex without changes in mRNA expression levels. Taken together, LXR/RXR activation downregulates the protein expression and function of OCT2 in renal proximal tubule, suggesting LXR might affect the total profile of renal excretion of cationic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasak Wongwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Research Center of Transport Proteins for Medical Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Suticha Kittayaruksakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nithi Asavapanumas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sunhapas Soodvilai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,Research Center of Transport Proteins for Medical Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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10
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Su W, Huang SZ, Gao M, Kong XM, Gustafsson JÅ, Xu SJ, Wang B, Zheng F, Chen LH, Wang NP, Guan YF, Zhang XY. Liver X receptor β increases aquaporin 2 protein level via a posttranscriptional mechanism in renal collecting ducts. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F619-F628. [PMID: 28052875 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00564.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) including LXRα and LXRβ are nuclear receptor transcription factors and play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism. It has been previously reported that mice lacking LXRβ but not LXRα develop a severe urine concentrating defect, likely via a central mechanism. Here we provide evidence that LXRβ regulates water homeostasis through increasing aquaporin 2 (AQP2) protein levels in renal collecting ducts. LXRβ-/- mice exhibited a reduced response to desmopressin (dDAVP) stimulation, suggesting that the diabetes insipidus phenotype is of both central and nephrogenic origin. AQP2 protein abundance in the renal inner medulla was significantly reduced in LXRβ-/- mice but with little change in AQP2 mRNA levels. In vitro studies showed that AQP2 protein levels were elevated upon LXR agonist treatment in both primary cultured mouse inner medullary duct cells (mIMCD) and the mIMCD3 cell line with stably expressed AQP2. In addition, LXR agonists including TO901317 and GW3965 failed to induce AQP2 gene transcription but diminished its protein ubiquitination in primary cultured mIMCD cells, thereby inhibiting its degradation. Moreover, LXR activation-induced AQP2 protein expression was abolished by the protease inhibitor MG132 and the ubiquitination-deficient AQP2 (K270R). Taken together, the present study demonstrates that activation of LXRβ increases AQP2 protein levels in the renal collecting ducts via a posttranscriptional mechanism. As such, LXRβ represents a key regulator of body water homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi-Zheng Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mu Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Su-Juan Xu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Hong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan-Ping Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - You-Fei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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11
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Soluble (pro)renin receptor via β-catenin enhances urine concentration capability as a target of liver X receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1898-906. [PMID: 26984496 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602397113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular domain of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is cleaved to produce a soluble (pro)renin receptor (sPRR) that is detected in biological fluid and elevated under certain pathological conditions. The present study was performed to define the antidiuretic action of sPRR and its potential interaction with liver X receptors (LXRs), which are known regulators of urine-concentrating capability. Water deprivation consistently elevated urinary sPRR excretion in mice and humans. A template-based algorithm for protein-protein interaction predicted the interaction between sPRR and frizzled-8 (FZD8), which subsequently was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. A recombinant histidine-tagged sPRR (sPRR-His) in the nanomolar range induced a remarkable increase in the abundance of renal aquaporin 2 (AQP2) protein in primary rat inner medullary collecting duct cells. The AQP2 up-regulation relied on sequential activation of FZD8-dependent β-catenin signaling and cAMP-PKA pathways. Inhibition of FZD8 or tankyrase in rats induced polyuria, polydipsia, and hyperosmotic urine. Administration of sPRR-His alleviated the symptoms of diabetes insipidus induced in mice by vasopressin 2 receptor antagonism. Administration of the LXR agonist TO901317 to C57/BL6 mice induced polyuria and suppressed renal AQP2 expression associated with reduced renal PRR expression and urinary sPRR excretion. Administration of sPRR-His reversed most of the effects of TO901317. In cultured collecting duct cells, TO901317 suppressed PRR protein expression, sPRR release, and PRR transcriptional activity. Overall we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that sPRR exerts antidiuretic action via FZD8-dependent stimulation of AQP2 expression and that inhibition of this pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes insipidus induced by LXR agonism.
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Feng Y, Wang C, Liu Q, Meng Q, Huo X, Liu Z, Sun P, Yang X, Sun H, Qin J, Liu K. Bezafibrate–mizoribine interaction: Involvement of organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 81:119-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Fongsupa S, Soodvilai S, Muanprasat C, Chatsudthipong V, Soodvilai S. Activation of liver X receptors inhibits cadmium-induced apoptosis of human renal proximal tubular cells. Toxicol Lett 2015; 236:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Fu X, Ren L, Chen J, Liao K, Fu Y, Qian X, Xiao J. Characterization of the roles of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in prostate cancer development and progression. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2015; 11:106-13. [PMID: 25899712 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As negative feedback regulators of cytokine signaling, suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins are induced by interleukins and various peptide hormones and may prevent sustained activation of signaling pathways. In particular, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) plays pivotal roles in the development and progression of various cancers and exerts pleiotropic effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In recent years, abnormal expression of SOCS-3 and its multiple functions have been extensively investigated in human carcinomas, particularly in prostate cancer. SOCS-3 can act as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the cellular context. In this review, we focus on the role of SOCS-3 in prostate cancer development and prognosis, as well as the potential of SOCS-3 as a therapeutic target and diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Nigam SK, Bush KT, Martovetsky G, Ahn SY, Liu HC, Richard E, Bhatnagar V, Wu W. The organic anion transporter (OAT) family: a systems biology perspective. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:83-123. [PMID: 25540139 PMCID: PMC4281586 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporter (OAT) subfamily, which constitutes roughly half of the SLC22 (solute carrier 22) transporter family, has received a great deal of attention because of its role in handling of common drugs (antibiotics, antivirals, diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), toxins (mercury, aristolochic acid), and nutrients (vitamins, flavonoids). Oats are expressed in many tissues, including kidney, liver, choroid plexus, olfactory mucosa, brain, retina, and placenta. Recent metabolomics and microarray data from Oat1 [Slc22a6, originally identified as NKT (novel kidney transporter)] and Oat3 (Slc22a8) knockouts, as well as systems biology studies, indicate that this pathway plays a central role in the metabolism and handling of gut microbiome metabolites as well as putative uremic toxins of kidney disease. Nuclear receptors and other transcription factors, such as Hnf4α and Hnf1α, appear to regulate the expression of certain Oats in conjunction with phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes. Some Oats have a strong selectivity for particular signaling molecules, including cyclic nucleotides, conjugated sex steroids, odorants, uric acid, and prostaglandins and/or their metabolites. According to the "Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis," which is elaborated in detail here, Oats may function in remote interorgan communication by regulating levels of signaling molecules and key metabolites in tissues and body fluids. Oats may also play a major role in interorganismal communication (via movement of small molecules across the intestine, placental barrier, into breast milk, and volatile odorants into the urine). The role of various Oat isoforms in systems physiology appears quite complex, and their ramifications are discussed in the context of remote sensing and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Nigam
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kevin T Bush
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gleb Martovetsky
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sun-Young Ahn
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Henry C Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Erin Richard
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Vibha Bhatnagar
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Wei Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Raksaseri P, Chatsudthipong V, Muanprasat C, Soodvilai S. Activation of liver X receptors reduces CFTR-mediated Cl(-) transport in kidney collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F583-91. [PMID: 23720350 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00579.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor super family, which act as regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism. However, LXRs have been shown to regulate the function of transporters in the kidney, including the Na-Pi cotransporter, organic anion transporter, and epithelial Na(+) channel. In this report, we demonstrated the ability of LXR ligands, both endogenous [22 (R)-hydroxycholesterol] and synthetic (T0901317 and GW3965), to reduce CFTR-mediated Cl(-) secretion in a type I Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line and in murine primary inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells, based on measurements of [Arg(8)]-vasopressin-induced Cl(-) current. However, treatment of MDCK cell monolayers with 5 μM T0901317 for 24 h did not alter ouabain-senstive current or Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase-α protein content. Furthermore, basolateral membranes permeabilization of MDCK cell monolayers still resulted in a decrease in apical Cl(-) current stimulated by both [Arg(8)]-vasopressin and 8-cholorophenyl-thio-cAMP, indicating that the factor(s) encoded by the target gene(s) of agonist-activated LXRs might be located at the apical membrane. Western blot analysis revealed that inhibition of Cl(-) secretion occurred via a decrease in CFTR protein, which was not due to downregulation of its mRNA expression. In addition, both synthetic LXR agonists significantly retarded the growth of forskolin-induced cysts formed in MDCK cells cultured in collagen gel. This is the first evidence showing that ligand-activated LXRs are capable of downregulating CFTR-mediated Cl(-) secretion of kidney cells and of retarding cyst growth in a MDCK cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promporn Raksaseri
- Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol Univ., Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Soodvilai S, Jia Z, Fongsupa S, Chatsudthipong V, Yang T. Liver X receptor agonists decrease ENaC-mediated sodium transport in collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1610-6. [PMID: 23077096 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00283.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that regulate cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose metabolism in various tissues. However, the renal action of LXRs is not well understood. Here we investigated the effects of LXR-activating ligands on modulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-mediated sodium transport in collecting duct cells. Exposure of the M1 cells to the synthetic LXR agonists T0901317 and GW3965 or the natural ligand 22R-hydroxycholesterol for 24 h decreased amiloride-sensitive sodium transport, corresponding with an increase of transepithelial resistance. The inhibition of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport after incubation with T0901317 or GW3965 was not mediated by a reduction of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase-mediated basolateral sodium transport. On the other hand, T0901317 and GW3965 decreased mRNA abundance and membrane expression of ENaC. Preincubation the monolayer with GW3965 attenuated aldosterone-induced stimulation sodium transport. In primary cultures of collecting duct cells, T0901317 and GW3965 similarly inhibited ENaC transport function as in M1 cells. This is the first evidence showing LXR-activating ligands modulate ENaC-mediated sodium transport in collecting duct cells. These results suggest that LXRs may represent a novel therapeutic target for treatment of conditions with dysregulation of ENaC such as hypertension.
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