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Hall IF, Kishta F, Xu Y, Baker AH, Kovacic JC. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition: at the axis of cardiovascular health and disease. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:223-236. [PMID: 38385523 PMCID: PMC10939465 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the luminal surface of blood vessels and play a major role in vascular (patho)-physiology by acting as a barrier, sensing circulating factors and intrinsic/extrinsic signals. ECs have the capacity to undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a complex differentiation process with key roles both during embryonic development and in adulthood. EndMT can contribute to EC activation and dysfunctional alterations associated with maladaptive tissue responses in human disease. During EndMT, ECs progressively undergo changes leading to expression of mesenchymal markers while repressing EC lineage-specific traits. This phenotypic and functional switch is considered to largely exist in a continuum, being characterized by a gradation of transitioning stages. In this report, we discuss process plasticity and potential reversibility and the hypothesis that different EndMT-derived cell populations may play a different role in disease progression or resolution. In addition, we review advancements in the EndMT field, current technical challenges, as well as therapeutic options and opportunities in the context of cardiovascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernando Hall
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Franceska Kishta
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yang Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School and University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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Pohl L, Schiessl IM. Endothelial cell plasticity in kidney fibrosis and disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14038. [PMID: 37661749 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal endothelial cells demonstrate an impressive remodeling potential during angiogenic sprouting, vessel repair or while transitioning into mesenchymal cells. These different processes may play important roles in both renal disease progression or regeneration while underlying signaling pathways of different endothelial cell plasticity routes partly overlap. Angiogenesis contributes to wound healing after kidney injury and pharmaceutical modulation of angiogenesis may home a great therapeutic potential. Yet, it is not clear whether any differentiated endothelial cell can proliferate or whether regenerative processes are largely controlled by resident or circulating endothelial progenitor cells. In the glomerular compartment for example, a distinct endothelial progenitor cell population may remodel the glomerular endothelium after injury. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the kidney is vastly documented and often associated with endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, and kidney disease progression. Especially the role of EndoMT in renal fibrosis is controversial. Studies on EndoMT in vivo determined possible conclusions on the pathophysiological role of EndoMT in the kidney, but whether endothelial cells really contribute to kidney fibrosis and if not what other cellular and functional outcomes derive from EndoMT in kidney disease is unclear. Sequencing data, however, suggest no participation of endothelial cells in extracellular matrix deposition. Thus, more in-depth classification of cellular markers and the fate of EndoMT cells in the kidney is needed. In this review, we describe different signaling pathways of endothelial plasticity, outline methodological approaches and evidence for functional and structural implications of angiogenesis and EndoMT in the kidney, and eventually discuss controversial aspects in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Pohl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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D'Arrigo G, Mallamaci F, Pizzini P, Leonardis D, Tripepi G, Zoccali C. CKD-MBD Biomarkers and CKD Progression: an Analysis by the Joint Model. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 38:932-938. [PMID: 35790138 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of the CKD- Bone Mineral Disorder (CKD-BMD have been implicated in CKD progression in follow up studies focusing on single measurements of individual biomarkers made at baseline only. The simultaneous relationship between the time trend of these biomarkers over the course of CKD and renal outcomes has never been tested. METHODS We applied the Joint Model (JM) to investigate the longitudinal relationship between repeated measurements of CKD-MBD biomarkers and a combined renal endpoint (eGFR reduction >30%, dialysis or transplantation) in 729 stage 2-5 CKD patients over a 36 months follow up. RESULTS In the survival sub-model of the JM the longitudinal series of PTH values was directly and independently related to the risk of renal events [HR (1ln PTH) = 2.0 (from 1.5 to 2.8), p<0.001)] and this was also true for repeated measurements of serum phosphate [HR(1mg/dl) = 1.3924 (from 1.1459 to 1.6918), p = 0.001], serum calcium [HR(1mg/dl) = 0.7487 (from 0.5843 to 0.9593), p = 0.022], baseline FGF23 [HR(1pg/ml) = 1.001 (from 1.00 to 1.002), p = 0.045] and 1,25 dihydroxy Vitamin D [HR (1pg/ml) = 0.9796 (from 0.9652 to 0.9942), p = 0.006]. CONCLUSION Repeated measurements of serum PTH, calcium and phosphate as well as baseline FGF23 and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D are independently related with the progression to kidney failure in a cohort of stage 2-5 CKD patients. This longitudinal study generates the hypothesis that interventions at multiple levels on BMD biomarkers can mitigate renal function loss in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute, New York, USA, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (BIOGEM), Ariano Irpino, ITALY and Associazione Ipertensione Nefrologia e Trapianto Renale (IPNET), Reggio Cal, ITALY
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Törmänen S, Lakkisto P, Eräranta A, Kööbi P, Tikkanen I, Niemelä O, Mustonen J, Pörsti I. Unfavorable Reduction in the Ratio of Endothelin B to A Receptors in Experimental 5/6 Nephrectomy and Adenine Models of Chronic Renal Insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030936. [PMID: 32023824 PMCID: PMC7037353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) is characterized by increased endothelin 1 (ET-1) synthesis. We studied rat kidney endothelin receptor A (ETA) and receptor B (ETB) expressions after 12 and 27 weeks of 5/6 nephrectomy, and after 12 weeks of 0.3% adenine diet, representing proteinuric and interstitial inflammation models of CRI, respectively. Uric acid and calcium-phosphate metabolism were modulated after 5/6 nephrectomy, while ETA blocker and calcimimetic were given with adenine. Endothelin receptor mRNA levels were measured using RT-qPCR and protein levels using autoradiography (5/6 nephrectomy) or ELISA (adenine model). Both 12 and 27 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy, kidney cortex ETA protein was increased by ~60% without changes in ETB protein, and the ETB:ETA ratio was reduced. However, the ETB:ETA mRNA ratio did not change. In the adenine model, kidney ETA protein was reduced by ~70%, while ETB protein was suppressed by ~95%, and the ETB:ETA ratio was reduced by ~85%, both at the protein and mRNA levels. The additional interventions did not influence the observed reductions in the ETB:ETA ratio. To conclude, unfavorable reduction in the ETB:ETA protein ratio was observed in two different models of CRI. Therefore, ETA blockade may be beneficial in a range of diseases that cause impaired kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Törmänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arttu Eräranta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Peeter Kööbi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jukka Mustonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pörsti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-331-166-010
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Piera-Velazquez S, Jimenez SA. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Physiology and in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1281-1324. [PMID: 30864875 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells are capable of undergoing endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a newly recognized type of cellular transdifferentiation. EndMT is a complex biological process in which endothelial cells adopt a mesenchymal phenotype displaying typical mesenchymal cell morphology and functions, including the acquisition of cellular motility and contractile properties. Endothelial cells undergoing EndMT lose the expression of endothelial cell-specific proteins such as CD31/platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, and vascular-endothelial cadherin and initiate the expression of mesenchymal cell-specific genes and the production of their encoded proteins including α-smooth muscle actin, extra domain A fibronectin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast specific protein-1, also known as S100A4 protein, and fibrillar type I and type III collagens. Transforming growth factor-β1 is considered the main EndMT inducer. However, EndMT involves numerous molecular and signaling pathways that are triggered and modulated by multiple and often redundant mechanisms depending on the specific cellular context and on the physiological or pathological status of the cells. EndMT participates in highly important embryonic development processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of numerous genetically determined and acquired human diseases including malignant, vascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic disorders. Despite intensive investigation, many aspects of EndMT remain to be elucidated. The identification of molecules and regulatory pathways involved in EndMT and the discovery of specific EndMT inhibitors should provide novel therapeutic approaches for various human disorders mediated by EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Wu M, Feng Y, Ye GX, Han YC, Wang SS, Ni HF, Wang FM, Gao M, Lv LL, Liu BC. Calcium-sensing receptor activation attenuates collagen expression in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F1006-F1015. [PMID: 30838870 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00413.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
316: F1006-F1015, 2019. First published March 6, 2019; doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00413.2018 .-Experimental studies have shown that pharmacological activation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) attenuates renal fibrosis in some animal models beyond modification of bone and mineral homeostasis; however, its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Since excessive collagen deposition is the key feature of fibrosis, the present study aimed to examine whether CaSR was involved in the regulation of collagen expression in rats with adenine diet-induced renal fibrosis and in profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-treated renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). The results showed that the CaSR agonist cinacalcet significantly attenuated renal collagen accumulation and tubular injury in adenine diet-fed rats. Additionally, the in vitro experiment showed that profibrotic TGF-β1 significantly increased the expression of collagen and decreased CaSR expression at the mRNA and protein levels in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the CaSR CRISPR activation plasmid and cinacalcet partially abrogated the upregulation of collagen induced by TGF-β1 treatment. Blockade of CaSR by the CRISPR/Cas9 KO plasmid or the pharmacological antagonist Calhex231 further enhanced TGF-β1-induced collagen expression. Mechanistic experiments found that Smad2 phosphorylation and Snail expression were markedly increased in PTECs treated with TGF-β1, whereas the CaSR CRISPR activation plasmid and cinacalcet substantially suppressed this induction. In summary, this study provides evidence for a direct renal tubular epithelial protective effect of CaSR activation in renal fibrosis, possibly through suppression of collagen expression in PTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Ye Feng
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Guo-Xin Ye
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Yu-Chen Han
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Si-Si Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Hai-Feng Ni
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Feng-Mei Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Min Gao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
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La L, Wang L, Qin F, Jiang J, He S, Wang C, Li Y. Zhen-wu-tang ameliorates adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats: regulation of the canonical Wnt4/beta-catenin signaling in the kidneys. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:81-90. [PMID: 29248448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhen-wu-tang (ZWT), composed of Radix Aconiti lateralis, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae, Poria, Radix Paeoniae alba and ginger, is a classic Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases that may cause chronic renal failure (CRF). AIM OF THE STUDY To better understand its clinical use, this study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of ZWT on CRF. MATERIALS AND METHODS CRF was induced by adenine. ZWT was given via an oral gavage method. The serum biochemical parameters were measured enzymatically or by ELISA. The kidneys were examined pathohistologically. The gene expression was analyzed by real time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Similar to the positive control losartan, ZWT extract inhibited adenine-induced increase in serum concentrations of creatinine, BUN and advanced oxidation protein products in rats. These effects were accompanied by attenuation of proteinuria and renal pathological changes and suppression of renal mRNA and protein overexpression of Collagen IV and fibronectin, two of the key components of fibrosis. Mechanistically, renal mRNA and protein expression of Wnt4, a Wnt signaling ligand, was increased in the adenine-treated group, compared to the vehicle-treated control. Consistently, Wnt4 downstream genes beta-catenin and Axin were also overexpressed. Treatment with ZWT extract and losartan suppressed adenine-stimulated overexpression of these mRNAs and proteins. CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrate that ZWT extract ameliorates adenine-induced CRF in rats by regulation of the canonical Wnt4/beta-catenin signaling in the kidneys. Our findings provide new insight into the underlying renoprotective mechanisms of the ancient formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei La
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.
| | - Fei Qin
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Holdings CO. Ltd, BAIYUNSHAN Pharmaceutical General Factory, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jian Jiang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Songqi He
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NSW 2000, Australia.
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Ni LH, Tang RN, Lv LL, Wu M, Wang B, Wang FM, Ni HF, Song KY, Wang LT, Meng-Zuo, Chen Q, Liu BC. A rat model of SHPT with bone abnormalities in CKD induced by adenine and a high phosphorus diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:654-659. [PMID: 29545182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study of parathyroid hyperplasia with bone disease as a critical manifestation of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBDs) is challenging due to the lack of a suitable research model. Here, we established a rat model with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and bone disease induced by adenine and a high phosphorous diet and analyzed the skeletal characteristics. We performed blood analysis, emission computed tomography (ECT), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), bone histomorphometry, and bone mechanical tests. The CKD rats with SHPT induced by adenine and a high phosphorus diet showed severe abnormalities in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and exhibited parathyroid hyperplasia. The bone mineral density (BMD) of femurs and lumbar vertebrae was significantly lower in the CKD rats than in the control (CTL) rats. The cortical and trabecular bone parameters of femurs showed significant bone loss. In addition, we found decreases in ultimate force, work to failure, stiffness, and elastic modulus in the CKD rats. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that the CKD rats with SHPT induced by adenine and a high phosphorus diet may serve as a useful model for skeletal analysis in CKD with SHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Ni
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ri-Ning Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Feng-Mei Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Hai-Feng Ni
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Kai-Yun Song
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Meng-Zuo
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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Lim JH, Kim HW, Kim MY, Kim TW, Kim EN, Kim Y, Chung S, Kim YS, Choi BS, Kim YS, Chang YS, Kim HW, Park CW. Cinacalcet-mediated activation of the CaMKKβ-LKB1-AMPK pathway attenuates diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice by modulation of apoptosis and autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:270. [PMID: 29449563 PMCID: PMC5833853 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are harmoniously regulated biological processes for maintaining tissue homeostasis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a metabolic sensor to coordinate cellular survival and function in various organs, including the kidney. We investigated the renoprotective effects of cinacalcet in high-glucose treated human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs), murine podocytes and C57BLKS/J-db/db mice. In cultured HGECs and podocytes, cinacalcet decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis and increased autophagy that were attributed to the increment of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinaseβ (CaMKKβ)-Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMPK and their downstream signals including the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increases in superoxide dismutases and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2/BCL-2-associated X protein expression. Interestingly, intracellular chelator BAPTA-AM reversed cinacalcet-induced CaMKKβ elevation and LKB1 phosphorylation. Cinacalcet reduced albuminuria without influencing either blood glucose or Ca2+ concentration and ameliorated diabetes-induced renal damage, which were related to the increased expression of calcium-sensing receptor and the phosphorylation of CaMKKβ-LKB1. Subsequent activation of AMPK was followed by the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and phospho-Ser1177eNOS-nitric oxide, resulting in a decrease in apoptosis and oxidative stress as well as an increase in autophagy. Our results suggest that cinacalcet increases intracellular Ca2+ followed by an activation of CaMKKβ-LKB1-AMPK signaling in GECs and podocytes in the kidney, which provides a novel therapeutic means for type 2 diabetic nephropathy by modulation of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hee Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sik Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Contributes to Mechanical Stretch–Induced Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Crit Care Med 2018; 46:e49-e58. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Rodríguez-Hernández CJ, Mateo-Lozano S, García M, Casalà C, Briansó F, Castrejón N, Rodríguez E, Suñol M, Carcaboso AM, Lavarino C, Mora J, de Torres C. Cinacalcet inhibits neuroblastoma tumor growth and upregulates cancer-testis antigens. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16112-29. [PMID: 26893368 PMCID: PMC4941301 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium–sensing receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that exerts cell-type specific functions in numerous tissues and some cancers. We have previously reported that this receptor exhibits tumor suppressor properties in neuroblastoma. We have now assessed cinacalcet, an allosteric activator of the CaSR approved for clinical use, as targeted therapy for this developmental tumor using neuroblastoma cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with different MYCN and TP53 status. In vitro, acute exposure to cinacalcet induced endoplasmic reticulum stress coupled to apoptosis via ATF4-CHOP-TRB3 in CaSR-positive, MYCN-amplified cells. Both phenotypes were partially abrogated by phospholipase C inhibitor U73122. Prolonged in vitro treatment also promoted dose- and time-dependent apoptosis in CaSR-positive, MYCN-amplified cells and, irrespective of MYCN status, differentiation in surviving cells. Cinacalcet significantly inhibited tumor growth in MYCN-amplified xenografts and reduced that of MYCN-non amplified PDX. Morphology assessment showed fibrosis in MYCN-amplified xenografts exposed to the drug. Microarrays analyses revealed up-regulation of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) in cinacalcet-treated MYCN-amplified tumors. These were predominantly CTAs encoded by genes mapping on chromosome X, which are the most immunogenic. Other modulated genes upon prolonged exposure to cinacalcet were involved in differentiation, cell cycle exit, microenvironment remodeling and calcium signaling pathways. CTAs were up-regulated in PDX and in vitro models as well. Moreover, progressive increase of CaSR expression upon cinacalcet treatment was seen both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, cinacalcet reduces neuroblastoma tumor growth and up-regulates CTAs. This effect represents a therapeutic opportunity and provides surrogate circulating markers of neuroblastoma response to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Rodríguez-Hernández
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Mateo-Lozano
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta García
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Casalà
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Briansó
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Castrejón
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Suñol
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Törmänen S, Pörsti I, Lakkisto P, Tikkanen I, Niemelä O, Paavonen T, Mustonen J, Eräranta A. Endothelin A receptor blocker and calcimimetic in the adenine rat model of chronic renal insufficiency. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:323. [PMID: 29078759 PMCID: PMC5659028 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied whether endothelin receptor antagonist and calcimimetic treatments influence renal damage and kidney renin-angiotensin (RA) components in adenine-induced chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 80) were divided into 5 groups for 12 weeks: control (n = 12), 0.3% adenine (Ade; n = 20), Ade + 50 mg/kg/day sitaxentan (n = 16), Ade + 20 mg/kg/day cinacalcet (n = 16), and Ade + sitaxentan + cinacalcet (n = 16). Blood pressure (BP) was measured using tail-cuff, kidney histology was examined, and RA components measured using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Adenine caused tubulointerstitial damage with severe CRI, anemia, hyperphosphatemia, 1.8-fold increase in urinary calcium excretion, and 3.5-fold and 18-fold increases in plasma creatinine and PTH, respectively. Sitaxentan alleviated tubular atrophy, while sitaxentan + cinacalcet combination reduced interstitial inflammation, tubular dilatation and atrophy in adenine-rats. Adenine diet did not influence kidney angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and AT4 receptor mRNA, but reduced mRNA of renin, AT1a, AT2, (pro)renin receptor and Mas to 40-60%, and suppressed ACE2 to 6% of that in controls. Sitaxentan reduced BP by 8 mmHg, creatinine, urea, and phosphate concentrations by 16-24%, and PTH by 42%. Cinacalcet did not influence BP or creatinine, but reduced PTH by 84%, and increased hemoglobin by 28% in adenine-rats. The treatments further reduced renin mRNA by 40%, while combined treatment normalized plasma PTH, urinary calcium, and increased ACE2 mRNA 2.5-fold versus the Ade group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In adenine-induced interstitial nephritis, sitaxentan improved renal function and tubular atrophy. Sitaxentan and cinacalcet reduced kidney renin mRNA by 40%, while their combination alleviated tubulointerstitial damage and urinary calcium loss, and increased kidney tissue ACE2 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Törmänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pörsti
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. .,School of Medicine / Internal Medicine, FIN-33014 University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Mustonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arttu Eräranta
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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13
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Wu D, Luo N, Wang L, Zhao Z, Bu H, Xu G, Yan Y, Che X, Jiao Z, Zhao T, Chen J, Ji A, Li Y, Lee GD. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates chronic renal failure in rats by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation through ROS/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:455. [PMID: 28352125 PMCID: PMC5428696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a major public health problem worldwide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays important roles in renal physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, whether H2S could protect against CRF in rats remains unclear. In this study, we found that H2S alleviated gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in normal rat kidney-52E cells. We demonstrated that H2S significantly improved the kidney structure and function of CRF rats. We found that H2S decreased the protein levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and Cleaved-caspase-3, but increased the expression of Bcl-2. Treatment with H2S reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and ROS and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. H2S significantly abolished the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 in the kidney of CRF rats. Furthermore, H2S decreased the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, as well as the protein levels of p50, p65, and p-p65 in the kidney of CRF rats. In conclusion, H2S could ameliorate adenine-induced CRF in rats by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation through ROS/mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wu
- Henan University School of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Ning Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Lianqu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Luohe Medical College, Luohe, 462002, Henan, China
| | - Hongmin Bu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Yongjun Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Xinping Che
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Zhiling Jiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Tengfu Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Ailing Ji
- Henan University School of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yanzhang Li
- Henan University School of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Garrick D Lee
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China.
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14
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Fong D, Ullah MM, Lal JG, Abdelkader A, Ow CP, Hilliard LM, Ricardo SD, Kelly DJ, Evans RG. Renal cellular hypoxia in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:896-905. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debra Fong
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Md Mahbub Ullah
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Jaswini G. Lal
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Amany Abdelkader
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Connie P.C. Ow
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Lucinda M. Hilliard
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Sharon D. Ricardo
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Darren J. Kelly
- Department of Medicine; University of Melbourne; St Vincent's Hospital; Fitzroy Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Roger G. Evans
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology; Monash University; Clayton Melbourne Vic. Australia
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15
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Wu M, Zhang JD, Tang RN, Crowley SD, Liu H, Lv LL, Ma KL, Liu BC. Elevated PTH induces endothelial-to-chondrogenic transition in aortic endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F436-F444. [PMID: 27582099 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00210.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) attributable to secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease accelerates the arteriosclerotic fibrosis and calcification. Although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, endothelial cells (ECs) have recently been demonstrated to participate in calcification in part by providing chondrogenic cells via the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether elevated PTH could induce endothelial-to-chondrogenic transition in aortic ECs and to determine the possible underlying signaling pathway. We found that treatment of ECs with PTH significantly upregulated the expression of EndMT-related markers. Accordingly, ECs treated with PTH exhibited chondrogenic potential. In vivo, lineage-tracing model-subjected mice with endothelial-specific green fluorescent protein fluorescence to chronic PTH infusion showed a marked increase in the aortic expression of chondrocyte markers, and confocal microscopy revealed the endothelial origin of cells expressing chondrocyte markers in the aorta after PTH infusion. Furthermore, this in vitro study showed that PTH enhanced the nuclear localization of β-catenin in ECs, whereas β-catenin siRNA or DKK1, an inhibitor of β-catenin nuclear translocation, attenuated the upregulation of EndMT-associated and chondrogenic markers induced by PTH. In summary, our study demonstrated that elevated PTH could induce the transition of ECs to chondrogenic cells via EndMT, possibly mediated by the nuclear translocation of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Jian-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ri-Ning Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Kun-Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; and
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16
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Nakano S, Masuda K, Asanuma T, Nakatani S. The effect of chronic renal failure on cardiac function: an experimental study with a rat model. J Echocardiogr 2016; 14:156-162. [PMID: 27299760 DOI: 10.1007/s12574-016-0300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and recently much interest has focused on the cardiorenal syndrome. However, the relationship between CRF and cardiac function is not fully understood. We investigated the effect of CRF on cardiac function in a rat model. METHODS Male Wistar rats (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into the following two groups: (1) control group (n = 5) and (2) CRF group (n = 18). Rats in the CRF group received an adenine suspension orally for 10 days. Measurements of blood pressure and echocardiography were performed at baseline and after 17 weeks (24 weeks old). To investigate the possible effect of hypertension on cardiac function, we analyzed rats in the CRF group with and without hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ or <130 mmHg at 17 weeks) separately. RESULTS Creatinine was significantly higher in the CRF group than in the control group. At 17 weeks, rats in the CRF group showed preserved systolic function but diastolic dysfunction with decreased mitral early diastolic filling velocity and annular velocity. In both the normotensive and hypertensive CRF rats, early diastolic mitral annular velocity was significantly lower than in the control group. Myocardial fibrosis was not found in all groups, but myocardial apoptosis was found in the CRF group irrespective of the presence or absence of hypertension. CONCLUSION The adenine-induced CRF rat model developed renal dysfunction and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction independent of the presence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Nakano
- Division of Functional Diagnostics, Department of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kasumi Masuda
- Division of Functional Diagnostics, Department of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Asanuma
- Division of Functional Diagnostics, Department of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakatani
- Division of Functional Diagnostics, Department of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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17
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Ali BH, Al Balushi K, Al-Husseini I, Mandel P, Nemmar A, Schupp N, Ribeiro DA. Gum acacia mitigates genetic damage in adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:1221-7. [PMID: 26190258 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with chronic renal failure (CRF) exhibit oxidative genome damage, which may predispose to carcinogenesis, and Gum acacia (GumA) ameliorates this condition in humans and animals. We evaluated here renal DNA damage and urinary excretion of four nucleic acid oxidation adducts namely 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 8-oxoguanosine (8-oxoGuo) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanisone (8-OHdg) in rats with adenine (ADE)-induced CRF with and without GumA treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four rats were divided into four equal groups and treated for 4 weeks. The first group was given normal food and water (control). The second group was given normal food and GumA (15% w/v) in drinking water. The third group was fed powder diet containing adenine (ADE) (0·75% w/w in feed). The fourth group was fed like in the third group, plus GumA in drinking water (15%, w/v). RESULTS ADE feeding induced CRF (as measured by several physiological, biochemical and histological indices) and also caused a significant genetic damage and significant decreases in urinary 8-oxo Gua and 8-oxoGuo, but not in the other nucleic acids. However, concomitant GumA treatment reduced the level of genetic damage in kidney cells as detected by Comet assay and significantly reversed the effect of adenine on urinary 8-oxoGuo. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with GumA is able to mitigate genetic damage in renal tissues of rats with ADE-induced CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - K Al Balushi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - I Al-Husseini
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - P Mandel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - N Schupp
- Institute of Toxicology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D A Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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18
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Ding LH, Liu D, Xu M, Wu M, Liu H, Tang RN, Ma KL, Chen PS, Liu BC. TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB pathway is involved in tubulointerstitial inflammation caused by proteinuria. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 69:114-20. [PMID: 26485683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteinuria is an important risk factor for chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Several studies have suggested that proteinuria initiates tubulointerstitial inflammation, while the mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, we hypothesized whether the activation of the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB pathway is involved in tubulointerstitial inflammation induced by proteinuria. We observed expression of TLR2, MyD88, NF-κB, as well as TNF-α and IL-6 detected by immunohistostaining, Western blotting and real-time PCR in albumin-overloaded (AO) nephropathy rats. In vitro, we observed these markers in HK-2 cells stimulated by albumin. We used TLR2 siRNA or the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 to observe the influence of TNF-α and IL-6 expression caused by albumin overload. Finally, we studied these markers in non-IgA mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) patients with different levels of proteinuria. It was demonstrated that expression of TLR2, MyD88 and NF-κB were significantly increased in AO rats and in non-IgA MsPGN patients with high levels of proteinuria, and TNF-α and IL-6 expressions were increased after NF-κB activation. Furthermore, TNF-α and IL-6 expression was positively correlated with the level of proteinuria. Albumin-overload induced TNF-α and IL-6 secretions by the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB pathway activation, which could be attenuated by the TLR2 siRNA or BAY 11-7082 in HK-2 cells. In summary, we demonstrated that proteinuria may exhibit an endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that induces tubulointerstitial inflammation via the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Ding
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ri-Ning Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun-Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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19
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Kato T, Mizuno S, Ito A. A Decrease in Glomerular Endothelial Cells and Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition during Glomerulosclerosis in the Tensin2-deficient Mice (ICGN strain). Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:265-71. [PMID: 25859060 PMCID: PMC4387263 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ICR-derived glomerulonephritis (ICGN) mouse is a unique model of nephrotic syndrome, and albuminuria becomes evident in a neonatal stage, due to a genetic mutation of tensin2. We previously provided evidence that an apparent decrease in nephrin, caused by tensin2-deficiencient states, leads to podocytopathy, albuminuria and eventually, chronic renal failure. In general, glomerular endothelial cells (ECs) function as a barrier through tight attachment of glomerular basement membrane to podocytes, while decreased ECs can worsen renal failure. Nevertheless, it is still unknown whether glomerular ECs are altered under the tensin-2-deficient states during the manifestation of chronic renal failure. Herein, we examined the changes of glomerular ECs, with focus on the expression of PECAM-1 and VE-cadherin (EC-specific markers), or of α-SMA (myofibroblast marker) in this mouse model by histological methods. Compared with the non-nephrotic (+/nep) mice, the nephrotic (nep/nep) mice exhibited the reduced expression of PECAM-1, or of VE-cadherin, in glomerular area. Notably, some glomerular ECs showed the positive stainings for both PECAM-1 and α-SMA, suggesting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) during progression of glomerular sclerosis. This is the first report showing that a decrease in glomerular ECs, at least in part, via EndoMT is involved in tensin2-deficient pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Division of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University
| | - Shinya Mizuno
- Division of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University
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20
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Ali BH, Al Za'abi M, Al Shukaili A, Nemmar A. High-mobility group box-1 protein in adenine-induced chronic renal failure and the influence of gum arabic thereon. Physiol Res 2014; 64:147-51. [PMID: 25194125 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of adenine-induced chronic renal failure may involve inflammatory, immunological and/or oxidant mechanisms. Gum arabic (GA) is a complex polysaccharide that acts as an anti-oxidant which can modulate inflammatory and/or immunological processes. Therefore, we tested here the effect of GA treatment (15 % in the drinking water for 4 weeks) in plasma and urine of rats, on a novel cytokine that has been shown to be pro-inflammatory, viz, DNA-binding high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1). Adenine (0.75 % in the feed, 4 weeks) significantly increased indoxyl sulphate, urea and creatinine concentrations in plasma, and significantly decreased the creatinine clearance. GA significantly abated these effects. The concentrations of HMGB1 in urine before the start of the experiment were similar in all four groups. However, 24 h after the last treatment, adenine treatment increased significantly the concentration of HMGB1 when compared with the control. GA treatment did not affect the HMGB1 concentration in urine. Moreover, the concentration of HMGB1 in plasma obtained 24 h after the last treatment in rats treated with adenine was drastically reduced compared with the control group. This may explain its significant rise in urine. In conclusion, HMGB1 can be considered a potentially useful biomarker in adenine induced CRF and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE. ,
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