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Guo C, Cui Y, Jiao M, Yao J, Zhao J, Tian Y, Dong J, Liao L. Crosstalk between proximal tubular epithelial cells and other interstitial cells in tubulointerstitial fibrosis after renal injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1256375. [PMID: 38260142 PMCID: PMC10801024 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The energy needs of tubular epithelial components, especially proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), are high and they heavily depend on aerobic metabolism. As a result, they are particularly vulnerable to various injuries caused by factors such as ischemia, proteinuria, toxins, and elevated glucose levels. Initial metabolic and phenotypic changes in PTECs after injury are likely an attempt at survival and repair. Nevertheless, in cases of recurrent or prolonged injury, PTECs have the potential to undergo a transition to a secretory state, leading to the generation and discharge of diverse bioactive substances, including transforming growth factor-β, Wnt ligands, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin (IL)-1β, lactic acid, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles. By promoting fibroblast activation, macrophage recruitment, and endothelial cell loss, these bioactive compounds stimulate communication between epithelial cells and other interstitial cells, ultimately worsening renal damage. This review provides a summary of the latest findings on bioactive compounds that facilitate the communication between these cellular categories, ultimately leading to the advancement of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicin, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwen Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yutian Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicin, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Schlichenmaier N, Zielinski A, Beneke S, Dietrich DR. PODO/TERT256 - A promising human immortalized podocyte cell line and its potential use for in vitro research at different oxygen levels. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110813. [PMID: 38006960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are of key interest for the prediction of nephrotoxicity as they are especially sensitive to toxic insults due to their central role in the glomerular filtration apparatus. However, currently, prediction of nephrotoxicity in humans remains insufficiently reliable, thus highlighting the need for advanced in vitro model systems using human cells with improved prediction capacity. Recent approaches for refining in vitro model systems focus on closely replicating physiological conditions as observed under the in vivo situation typical of the respective nephron section of interest. PODO/TERT256, a human immortalized podocyte cell line, were employed in a semi-static transwell system to evaluate its potential use as a human podocyte in vitro system for modelling potential human glomerular toxicity. Furthermore, the impact of routinely employed excessive oxygen tension (21 % - AtmOx), when compared to the physiological oxygen tensions (10 % - PhysOx) observed in vivo, was analyzed. Generally, cultured PODO/TERT256 formed a stable, contact-inhibited monolayer with typical podocyte morphology (large cell body, apical microvilli, finger-like cytoplasmic projections (reminiscent of foot processes), and interdigitating cell-cell junctions) and developed a size-selective filtration barrier. PhysOx, however, induced a more pronounced in vivo like phenotype, comprised of significantly larger cell bodies, significantly enhanced filtration barrier size-selectivity, and a remarkable re-localization of nephrin to the cell membrane, thus suggesting an improved in vitro replication of in vivo characteristics. Preliminary toxicity characterization with the known glomerulotoxin doxorubicin (DOX) suggested an increasing change in filtration permeability, already at the lowest DOX concentrations tested (0.01 μM) under PhysOx, whereas obvious changes under AtmOx were observed as of 0.16 μM and higher with a near all or nothing effect. The latter findings suggested that PODO/TERT256 could serve as an in vitro human podocyte model for studying glomerulotoxicity, whereby culturing at PhyOx tension appeared critical for an improved in vivo-like phenotype and functionality. Moreover, PODO/TERT256 could be incorporated into advanced human glomerulus systems in vitro, recapitulating microfluidic conditions and multiple cell types (endothelial and mesenchymal cells) that can even better predict human glomerular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Schlichenmaier
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Alexander Zielinski
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Sascha Beneke
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Daniel R Dietrich
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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Banan Sadeghian R, Ueno R, Takata Y, Kawakami A, Ma C, Araoka T, Takasato M, Yokokawa R. Cells sorted off hiPSC-derived kidney organoids coupled with immortalized cells reliably model the proximal tubule. Commun Biol 2023; 6:483. [PMID: 37142732 PMCID: PMC10160057 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Of late, numerous microphysiological systems have been employed to model the renal proximal tubule. Yet there is lack of research on refining the functions of the proximal tubule epithelial layer-selective filtration and reabsorption. In this report, pseudo proximal tubule cells extracted from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids are combined and cultured with immortalized proximal tubule cells. It is shown that the cocultured tissue is an impervious epithelium that offers improved levels of certain transporters, extracellular matrix proteins collagen and laminin, and superior glucose transport and P-glycoprotein activity. mRNA expression levels higher than those obtained from each cell type were detected, suggesting an anomalous synergistic crosstalk between the two. Alongside, the improvements in morphological characteristics and performance of the immortalized proximal tubule tissue layer exposed, upon maturation, to human umbilical vein endothelial cells are thoroughly quantified and compared. Glucose and albumin reabsorption, as well as xenobiotic efflux rates through P-glycoprotein were all improved. The data presented abreast highlight the advantages of the cocultured epithelial layer and the non-iPSC-based bilayer. The in vitro models presented herein can be helpful in personalized nephrotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryohei Ueno
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Yuji Takata
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawakami
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Araoka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Minoru Takasato
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
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Evaluation of rapid transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement as a metric of kidney toxicity in a high-throughput microfluidic culture system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13182. [PMID: 35915212 PMCID: PMC9343646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid non-invasive kidney-specific readouts are essential to maximizing the potential of microfluidic tissue culture platforms for drug-induced nephrotoxicity screening. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a well-established technique, but it has yet to be evaluated as a metric of toxicity in a kidney proximal tubule (PT) model that recapitulates the high permeability of the native tissue and is also suitable for high-throughput screening. We utilized the PREDICT96 high-throughput microfluidic platform, which has rapid TEER measurement capability and multi-flow control, to evaluate the utility of TEER sensing for detecting cisplatin-induced toxicity in a human primary PT model under both mono- and co-culture conditions as well as two levels of fluid shear stress (FSS). Changes in TEER of PT-microvascular co-cultures followed a dose-dependent trend similar to that demonstrated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays and were well-correlated with tight junction coverage after cisplatin exposure. Additionally, cisplatin-induced changes in TEER were detectable prior to increases in cell death in co-cultures. PT mono-cultures had a less differentiated phenotype and were not conducive to toxicity monitoring with TEER. The results of this study demonstrate that TEER has potential as a rapid, early, and label-free indicator of toxicity in microfluidic PT-microvascular co-culture models.
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Piossek F, Beneke S, Schlichenmaier N, Mucic G, Drewitz S, Dietrich DR. Physiological oxygen and co-culture with human fibroblasts facilitate in vivo-like properties in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yu P, Duan Z, Liu S, Pachon I, Ma J, Hemstreet GP, Zhang Y. Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Assessment in 3D Cellular Models. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:mi13010003. [PMID: 35056167 PMCID: PMC8780064 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys are often involved in adverse effects and toxicity caused by exposure to foreign compounds, chemicals, and drugs. Early predictions of these influences are essential to facilitate new, safe drugs to enter the market. However, in current drug treatments, drug-induced nephrotoxicity accounts for 1/4 of reported serious adverse reactions, and 1/3 of them are attributable to antibiotics. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is driven by multiple mechanisms, including altered glomerular hemodynamics, renal tubular cytotoxicity, inflammation, crystal nephropathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy. Although the functional proteins expressed by renal tubules that mediate drug sensitivity are well known, current in vitro 2D cell models do not faithfully replicate the morphology and intact renal tubule function, and therefore, they do not replicate in vivo nephrotoxicity. The kidney is delicate and complex, consisting of a filter unit and a tubular part, which together contain more than 20 different cell types. The tubular epithelium is highly polarized, and maintaining cellular polarity is essential for the optimal function and response to environmental signals. Cell polarity depends on the communication between cells, including paracrine and autocrine signals, as well as biomechanical and chemotaxis processes. These processes affect kidney cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. For drug disposal research, the microenvironment is essential for predicting toxic reactions. This article reviews the mechanism of drug-induced kidney injury, the types of nephrotoxicity models (in vivo and in vitro models), and the research progress related to drug-induced nephrotoxicity in three-dimensional (3D) cellular culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Difficult & Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Fourth Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (P.Y.); (Z.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ivan Pachon
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | | | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-713-1189
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Ebefors K, Lassén E, Anandakrishnan N, Azeloglu EU, Daehn IS. Modeling the Glomerular Filtration Barrier and Intercellular Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689083. [PMID: 34149462 PMCID: PMC8206562 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The glomerulus is a compact cluster of capillaries responsible for blood filtration and initiating urine production in the renal nephrons. A trilaminar structure in the capillary wall forms the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), composed of glycocalyx-enriched and fenestrated endothelial cells adhering to the glomerular basement membrane and specialized visceral epithelial cells, podocytes, forming the outermost layer with a molecular slit diaphragm between their interdigitating foot processes. The unique dynamic and selective nature of blood filtration to produce urine requires the functionality of each of the GFB components, and hence, mimicking the glomerular filter in vitro has been challenging, though critical for various research applications and drug screening. Research efforts in the past few years have transformed our understanding of the structure and multifaceted roles of the cells and their intricate crosstalk in development and disease pathogenesis. In this review, we present a new wave of technologies that include glomerulus-on-a-chip, three-dimensional microfluidic models, and organoids all promising to improve our understanding of glomerular biology and to enable the development of GFB-targeted therapies. Here, we also outline the challenges and the opportunities of these emerging biomimetic systems that aim to recapitulate the complex glomerular filter, and the evolving perspectives on the sophisticated repertoire of cellular signaling that comprise the glomerular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emelie Lassén
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nanditha Anandakrishnan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ilse S Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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van Genderen AM, Jansen K, Kristen M, van Duijn J, Li Y, Schuurmans CCL, Malda J, Vermonden T, Jansen J, Masereeuw R, Castilho M. Topographic Guidance in Melt-Electrowritten Tubular Scaffolds Enhances Engineered Kidney Tubule Performance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:617364. [PMID: 33537294 PMCID: PMC7848123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.617364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To date, tubular tissue engineering relies on large, non-porous tubular scaffolds (Ø > 2 mm) for mechanical self-support, or smaller (Ø 150-500 μm) tubes within bulk hydrogels for studying renal transport phenomena. To advance the engineering of kidney tubules for future implantation, constructs should be both self-supportive and yet small-sized and highly porous. Here, we hypothesize that the fabrication of small-sized porous tubular scaffolds with a highly organized fibrous microstructure by means of melt-electrowriting (MEW) allows the development of self-supported kidney proximal tubules with enhanced properties. Materials and Methods: A custom-built melt-electrowriting (MEW) device was used to fabricate tubular fibrous scaffolds with small diameter sizes (Ø = 0.5, 1, 3 mm) and well-defined, porous microarchitectures (rhombus, square, and random). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human conditionally immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells (ciPTEC) were seeded into the tubular scaffolds and tested for monolayer formation, integrity, and organization, as well as for extracellular matrix (ECM) production and renal transport functionality. Results: Tubular fibrous scaffolds were successfully manufactured by fine control of MEW instrument parameters. A minimum inner diameter of 1 mm and pore sizes of 0.2 mm were achieved and used for subsequent cell experiments. While HUVEC were unable to bridge the pores, ciPTEC formed tight monolayers in all scaffold microarchitectures tested. Well-defined rhombus-shaped pores outperformed and facilitated unidirectional cell orientation, increased collagen type IV deposition, and expression of the renal transporters and differentiation markers organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Discussion and Conclusion: Here, we present smaller diameter engineered kidney tubules with microgeometry-directed cell functionality. Due to the well-organized tubular fiber scaffold microstructure, the tubes are mechanically self-supported, and the self-produced ECM constitutes the only barrier between the inner and outer compartment, facilitating rapid and active solute transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Metje van Genderen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Katja Jansen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kristen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost van Duijn
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carl C L Schuurmans
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology and Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Abstract
Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through the maintenance of fluid volume and composition homeostasis, which enables other organs to fulfil their tasks. The renal endothelium exhibits phenotypic and molecular traits that distinguish it from endothelia of other organs. Moreover, the adult kidney vasculature comprises diverse populations of mostly quiescent, but not metabolically inactive, endothelial cells (ECs) that reside within the kidney glomeruli, cortex and medulla. Each of these populations supports specific functions, for example, in the filtration of blood plasma, the reabsorption and secretion of water and solutes, and the concentration of urine. Transcriptional profiling of these diverse EC populations suggests they have adapted to local microenvironmental conditions (hypoxia, shear stress, hyperosmolarity), enabling them to support kidney functions. Exposure of ECs to microenvironment-derived angiogenic factors affects their metabolism, and sustains kidney development and homeostasis, whereas EC-derived angiocrine factors preserve distinct microenvironment niches. In the context of kidney disease, renal ECs show alteration in their metabolism and phenotype in response to pathological changes in the local microenvironment, further promoting kidney dysfunction. Understanding the diversity and specialization of kidney ECs could provide new avenues for the treatment of kidney diseases and kidney regeneration.
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Sobreiro‐Almeida R, Melica ME, Lasagni L, Romagnani P, Neves NM. Co-cultures of renal progenitors and endothelial cells on kidney decellularized matrices replicate the renal tubular environment in vitro. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13491. [PMID: 32365407 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Herein we propose creating a bilayer tubular kidney in-vitro model. It is hypothesized that membranes composed of decellularized porcine kidney extracellular matrix are valid substitutes of the tubular basement membrane by mimicking the physiological relevance of the in vivo environment and disease phenotypes. METHODS Extracellular matrix was obtained from decellularized porcine kidneys. After processing by lyophilization and milling, it was dissolved in an organic solvent and blended with poly(caprolactone). Porous membranes were obtained by electrospinning and seeded with human primary renal progenitor cells to evaluate phenotypic alterations. To create a bilayer model of the in vivo tubule, the same cells were differentiated into epithelial tubular cells and co-cultured with endothelial cells in opposite sites. RESULTS Our results demonstrate increasing metabolic activity, proliferation and total protein content of renal progenitors over time. We confirmed the expression of several genes encoding epithelial transport proteins and we could also detect tubular-specific proteins by immunofluorescence stainings. Functional and transport assays were performed trough the bilayer by quantifying both human serum albumin uptake and inulin leakage. Furthermore, we validated the chemical modulation of nephrotoxicity on this epithelium-endothelium model by cisplatin exposure. CONCLUSION The use of decellularized matrices in combination with primary renal cells was shown to be a valuable tool for modelling renal function and disease in vitro. We successfully validated our hypothesis by replicating the physiological conditions of an in vitro tubular bilayer model. The developed system may contribute significantly for the future investigation of advanced therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sobreiro‐Almeida
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Barco Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Maria Elena Melica
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Florence Italy
- Excellence Centre for Research Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies Florence Italy
| | - Laura Lasagni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Florence Italy
- Excellence Centre for Research Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies Florence Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Florence Italy
- Excellence Centre for Research Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies Florence Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit Meyer Children’s University Hospital Florence Italy
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Barco Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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11
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Zhang T, Lih D, Nagao RJ, Xue J, Berthier E, Himmelfarb J, Zheng Y, Theberge AB. Open microfluidic coculture reveals paracrine signaling from human kidney epithelial cells promotes kidney specificity of endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F41-F51. [PMID: 32390509 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) from different human organs possess organ-specific characteristics that support specific tissue regeneration and organ development. EC specificity is identified by both intrinsic and extrinsic cues, among which the parenchyma and organ-specific microenvironment are critical contributors. These extrinsic cues are, however, largely lost during ex vivo cultures. Outstanding challenges remain to understand and reestablish EC organ specificity for in vitro studies to recapitulate human organ-specific physiology. Here, we designed an open microfluidic platform to study the role of human kidney tubular epithelial cells in supporting EC specificity. The platform consists of two independent cell culture regions segregated with a half wall; culture media are added to connect the two culture regions at a desired time point, and signaling molecules can travel across the half wall (paracrine signaling). Specifically, we report that in the microscale coculture device, primary human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (HPTECs) rescued primary human kidney peritubular microvascular EC (HKMEC) monolayer integrity and fenestra formation and that HPTECs upregulated key HKMEC kidney-specific genes (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B, adherens junctions-associated protein 1, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 16) and endothelial activation genes (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-7, and matrix metalloproteinase-10) in coculture. Coculturing with HPTECs also promoted kidney-specific genotype expression in human umbilical vein ECs and human pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs. Compared with culture in HPTEC conditioned media, coculture of ECs with HPTECs showed increased upregulation of kidney-specific genes, suggesting potential bidirectional paracrine signaling. Importantly, our device is compatible with standard pipettes, incubators, and imaging readouts and could also be easily adapted to study cell signaling between other rare or sensitive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Lih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ryan J Nagao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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12
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Pradhan S, Banda OA, Farino CJ, Sperduto JL, Keller KA, Taitano R, Slater JH. Biofabrication Strategies and Engineered In Vitro Systems for Vascular Mechanobiology. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901255. [PMID: 32100473 PMCID: PMC8579513 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is integral for maintaining organ-specific functions and homeostasis. Dysregulation in vascular architecture and function can lead to various chronic or acute disorders. Investigation of the role of the vascular system in health and disease has been accelerated through the development of tissue-engineered constructs and microphysiological on-chip platforms. These in vitro systems permit studies of biochemical regulation of vascular networks and parenchymal tissue and provide mechanistic insights into the biophysical and hemodynamic forces acting in organ-specific niches. Detailed understanding of these forces and the mechanotransductory pathways involved is necessary to develop preventative and therapeutic strategies targeting the vascular system. This review describes vascular structure and function, the role of hemodynamic forces in maintaining vascular homeostasis, and measurement approaches for cell and tissue level mechanical properties influencing vascular phenomena. State-of-the-art techniques for fabricating in vitro microvascular systems, with varying degrees of biological and engineering complexity, are summarized. Finally, the role of vascular mechanobiology in organ-specific niches and pathophysiological states, and efforts to recapitulate these events using in vitro microphysiological systems, are explored. It is hoped that this review will help readers appreciate the important, but understudied, role of vascular-parenchymal mechanotransduction in health and disease toward developing mechanotherapeutics for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Omar A. Banda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Cindy J. Farino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - John L. Sperduto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Keely A. Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ryan Taitano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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13
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Sabbagh MF, Nathans J. A genome-wide view of the de-differentiation of central nervous system endothelial cells in culture. eLife 2020; 9:e51276. [PMID: 31913116 PMCID: PMC6948952 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) derived from the central nervous system (CNS) variably lose their unique barrier properties during in vitro culture, hindering the development of robust assays for blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, including drug permeability and extrusion assays. In previous work (Sabbagh et al., 2018) we characterized transcriptional and accessible chromatin landscapes of acutely isolated mouse CNS ECs. In this report, we compare transcriptional and accessible chromatin landscapes of acutely isolated mouse CNS ECs versus mouse CNS ECs in short-term in vitro culture. We observe that standard culture conditions are associated with a rapid and selective loss of BBB transcripts and chromatin features, as well as a greatly reduced level of beta-catenin signaling. Interestingly, forced expression of a stabilized derivative of beta-catenin, which in vivo leads to a partial conversion of non-BBB CNS ECs to a BBB-like state, has little or no effect on gene expression or chromatin accessibility in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Sabbagh
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of OphthalmologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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14
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Álvarez RS, Jancic C, Garimano N, Sacerdoti F, Paton AW, Paton JC, Ibarra C, Amaral MM. Crosstalk between Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Tubular Epithelial Cells Modulates Pro-Inflammatory Responses Induced by Shiga Toxin Type 2 and Subtilase Cytotoxin. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110648. [PMID: 31703347 PMCID: PMC6891416 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a consequence of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection and is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure (ARF) in children. Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) has also been associated with HUS pathogenesis. We previously reported that Stx2 and SubAB cause different effects on co-cultures of human renal microvascular endothelial cells (HGEC) and human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) relative to HGEC and HK-2 monocultures. In this work we have analyzed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by co-cultures compared to monocultures exposed or not to Stx2, SubAB, and Stx2+SubAB. Under basal conditions, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α secretion was different between monocultures and co-cultures. After toxin treatments, high concentrations of Stx2 and SubAB decreased cytokine secretion by HGEC monocultures, but in contrast, low toxin concentrations increased their release. Toxins did not modulate the cytokine secretion by HK-2 monocultures, but increased their release in the HK-2 co-culture compartment. In addition, HK-2 monocultures were stimulated to release IL-8 after incubation with HGEC conditioned media. Finally, Stx2 and SubAB were detected in HGEC and HK-2 cells from the co-cultures. This work describes, for the first time, the inflammatory responses induced by Stx2 and SubAB, in a crosstalk model of renal endothelial and epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina S. Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (R.S.Á.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (C.I.)
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina;
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Garimano
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (R.S.Á.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (C.I.)
| | - Flavia Sacerdoti
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (R.S.Á.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (C.I.)
| | - Adrienne W. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (A.W.P.); (J.C.P.)
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (A.W.P.); (J.C.P.)
| | - Cristina Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (R.S.Á.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (C.I.)
| | - María M. Amaral
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (R.S.Á.); (N.G.); (F.S.); (C.I.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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The role of distal tubule and collecting duct sodium reabsorption in sunitinib-induced hypertension. J Hypertens 2019; 36:892-903. [PMID: 29283974 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antiangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKI) induce arterial hypertension which may limit their use. Renal fractional sodium excretion (FENa) is reduced in early RTKI-induced hypertension, whereas fractional lithium excretion is unaltered. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that activated distal tubule and collecting duct sodium reabsorption contributes to RTKI-induced hypertension. METHODS Amiloride-sensitive and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-sensitive fractional sodium reabsorption (FRNa) and renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) as well as sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) abundances were determined in sunitinib-treated and control rats. The antihypertensive effects of amiloride and HCTZ were investigated by radiotelemery. RESULTS After 4 days of treatment, mean arterial pressure was 20 mmHg higher, FENa was lower (0.32 ± 0.08% vs. 0.65 ± 0.14%; P < 0.05), and renal medullary-ENaC protein abundance was higher in sunitinib-treated rats than in controls. Amiloride-sensitive FRNa was 2.37 ± 0.52% in sunitinib-treated rats vs. 2.66 ± 0.44% in controls (n.s.). HCTZ increased FENa by a similar magnitude without affecting amiloride-sensitive FRNa in both groups. After 14 days of treatment, renal medullary β-ENaC protein abundance was higher in rats that received sunitinib than in controls, whereas α-ENaC, γ-ENaC, and NCC abundances were similar in both groups. Amiloride and HCTZ reduced the sunitinib-induced mean arterial pressure rise by 8 ± 3 mmHg (P < 0.05) and 12 ± 2 mmHg (P < 0.05), respectively, without additive effects when combined. CONCLUSION ENaC-dependent and thiazide-sensitive sodium-retaining mechanisms are not overactive in sunitinib-induced hypertension but ENaC blockers and in particular thiazides may be suitable for its treatment.
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16
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Enhancement of HGF-induced tubulogenesis by endothelial cell-derived GDNF. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212991. [PMID: 30845150 PMCID: PMC6405134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulogenesis, the organization of epithelial cells into tubular structures, is an essential step during renal organogenesis as well as during the regeneration process of renal tubules after injury. In the present study, endothelial cell-derived factors that modulate tubule formation were examined using an in vitro human tubulogenesis system. When human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) were cultured in gels, tubular structures with lumens were induced in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Aquaporin 1 was localized in the apical membrane of these tubular structures, suggesting that these structures are morphologically equivalent to renal tubules in vivo. HGF-induced tubule formation was significantly enhanced when co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or in the presence of HUVEC-conditioned medium (HUVEC-CM). Co-culture with HUVECs did not induce tubular structures in the absence of HGF. A phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase array revealed that HUVEC-CM markedly enhanced phosphorylation of Ret, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor, in HGF-induced tubular structures compared to those without HUVEC-CM. HUVECs produced GDNF, and RPTECs expressed both Ret and GDNF family receptor alpha1 (co-receptor). HGF-induced tubule formation was significantly enhanced by addition of GDNF. Interestingly, not only HGF but also GDNF significantly induced phosphorylation of the HGF receptor, Met. These data indicate that endothelial cell-derived GDNF potentiates the tubulogenic properties of HGF and may play a critical role in the epithelial-endothelial crosstalk during renal tubulogenesis as well as tubular regeneration after injury.
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17
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Abstract
Current kidney-on-chip models lack the 3D geometry, complexity, and functionality vital for recapitulating in vivo renal tissue. We report the fabrication and perfusion of 3D vascularized proximal tubules embedded within an engineered ECM that exhibit active reabsorption of solutes via tubular–vascular exchange. Using this model, we quantified albumin and glucose reabsorption over time. We also studied hyperglycemic effects in the absence and presence of a glucose transport inhibitor. Our 3D kidney tissue provides a platform for in vitro studies of kidney function, disease modeling, and pharmacology. Three-dimensional renal tissues that emulate the cellular composition, geometry, and function of native kidney tissue would enable fundamental studies of filtration and reabsorption. Here, we have created 3D vascularized proximal tubule models composed of adjacent conduits that are lined with confluent epithelium and endothelium, embedded in a permeable ECM, and independently addressed using a closed-loop perfusion system to investigate renal reabsorption. Our 3D kidney tissue allows for coculture of proximal tubule epithelium and vascular endothelium that exhibits active reabsorption via tubular–vascular exchange of solutes akin to native kidney tissue. Using this model, both albumin uptake and glucose reabsorption are quantified as a function of time. Epithelium–endothelium cross-talk is further studied by exposing proximal tubule cells to hyperglycemic conditions and monitoring endothelial cell dysfunction. This diseased state can be rescued by administering a glucose transport inhibitor. Our 3D kidney tissue provides a platform for in vitro studies of kidney function, disease modeling, and pharmacology.
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18
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Rayner SG, Phong KT, Xue J, Lih D, Shankland SJ, Kelly EJ, Himmelfarb J, Zheng Y. Reconstructing the Human Renal Vascular-Tubular Unit In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1801120. [PMID: 30379416 PMCID: PMC6478624 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Engineered human kidney-on-a-chip platforms show tremendous promise for disease modeling and drug screening. Outstanding challenges exist, however, in reconstructing the complex architecture, cellular make-up, and matrix composition necessary for the proper modeling of kidney function. Herein, the first fully tunable human kidney-on-a-chip platform is reported that allows the reconstruction of the native architecture of the renal endothelial-epithelial exchange interface using entirely cell-remodelable matrix and patient-derived kidney cells. This platform consists of a double-layer human renal vascular-tubular unit (hRVTU) enabled by a thin collagen membrane that replicates the kidney exchange interface. It is shown that endothelial and epithelial cells lining their respective lumens remodel the membrane in culture into a ≈1 µm thick exchange interface composed of native basement membrane proteins. This interface displays sufficient mechanical integrity for media flow and blood perfusion. As a proof of principle, it is demonstrated that the hRVTU performs kidney-specific functions including reabsorption of albumin and glucose from the epithelial channel. By incorporating multiple cell populations from single donors, it is demonstrated that the hRVTU may have utility for future precision medicine applications. The success of the system provides new opportunities for the next generation of organ-on-a-chip models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G. Rayner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Kiet T Phong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Daniel Lih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Stuart J. Shankland
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Edward J. Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
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Witte J, Mühlbauer M, Braun D, Steinbach A, Golchert J, Rettig R, Grisk O. Renal Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Is Downregulated in Sunitinib-Induced Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009557. [PMID: 30371202 PMCID: PMC6222942 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib causes hypertension associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) availability, elevated renal vascular resistance, and decreased fractional sodium excretion. We tested whether (1) nitrate supplementation mitigates sunitinib‐induced hypertension and NO contributes less to renal vascular resistance as well as fractional sodium excretion regulation in sunitinib‐treated rats than in controls; and (2) renal soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is downregulated and sGC activation lowers arterial pressure in rats with sunitinib‐induced hypertension. Methods and Results Arterial pressure responses to nitrate supplementation and the effects of systemic and intrarenal NO synthase (NOS) inhibition on renal hemodynamics and fractional sodium excretion were assessed in sunitinib‐treated rats and controls. Renal NOS and sGC mRNA as well as protein abundances were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The effect of the sGC activator cinaciguat on arterial pressure was investigated in sunitinib‐treated rats. Nitrate supplementation did not mitigate sunitinib‐induced hypertension. Endothelium‐dependent reductions in renal vascular resistance were similar in control and sunitinib‐treated animals without and with systemic NOS inhibition. Selective intrarenal NOS inhibition lowered renal medullary blood flow in control but not in sunitinib‐treated rats without significant effects on fractional sodium excretion. Renal cortical sGC mRNA and sGC α1‐subunit protein abundance were less in sunitinib‐treated rats than in controls, and cinaciguat effectively lowered arterial pressure by 15‐20 mm Hg in sunitinib‐treated rats. Conclusions Renal cortical sGC is downregulated in the presence of intact endothelium‐dependent renal vascular resistance regulation in developing sunitinib‐induced hypertension. This suggests that sGC downregulation occurs outside the renal vasculature, increases renal sodium retention, and contributes to nitrate resistance of sunitinib‐induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Witte
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Melanie Mühlbauer
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Diana Braun
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Antje Steinbach
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Janine Golchert
- 2 Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Rainer Rettig
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Olaf Grisk
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
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20
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Fischer D, Seifen C, Baer P, Jung M, Mertens C, Scheller B, Zacharowski K, Hofmann R, Maier TJ, Urbschat A. The Fibrin Cleavage Product Bβ 15-42 Channels Endothelial and Tubular Regeneration in the Post-acute Course During Murine Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:369. [PMID: 29755348 PMCID: PMC5934548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and adequate restoration of endothelial and tubular renal function is a substantial step during regeneration after ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, occurring, e.g., in kidney transplantation, renal surgery, and sepsis. While tubular epithelial cell injury has long been of central importance, recent perception includes the renal vascular endothelium. In this regard, the fibrin cleavage product fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42 mitigate IR injury by stabilizing interendothelial junctions through its affinity to VE-cadherin. Therefore, this study focused on the effect of Bβ15-42 on post-acute physiological renal regeneration. For this, adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a 30 min bilateral renal ischemia and reperfusion for 24 h or 48 h. Animals were randomized in a non-operative control group, two operative groups each treated with i.v. administration of either saline or Bβ15-42 (2.4 mg/kg) immediately prior to reperfusion. Endothelial activation and inflammatory response was attenuated in renal tissue homogenates by single application of Bβ15-42. Meanwhile, Bβ15-42 did not affect acute kidney injury markers. Regarding the angiogenetic players VEGF-A, Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, however, we observed significant higher expressions at mRNA and trend to higher protein level in Bβ15-42 treated mice, compared to saline treated mice after 48 h of IR, thus pointing toward an increased angiogenetic activity. Similar dynamics were observed for the intermediate filament vimentin, the cytoprotective protein klotho, stathmin and the proliferation cellular nuclear antigen, which were significantly up-regulated at the same points in time. These results suggest a beneficial effect of anatomical contiguously located endothelial cells on tubular regeneration through stabilization of endothelial integrity. Therefore, it seems that Bβ15-42 represents a novel pharmacological approach in the targeted therapy of acute renal failure in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christopher Seifen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick Baer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rainer Hofmann
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten J Maier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja Urbschat
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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King SM, Higgins JW, Nino CR, Smith TR, Paffenroth EH, Fairbairn CE, Docuyanan A, Shah VD, Chen AE, Presnell SC, Nguyen DG. 3D Proximal Tubule Tissues Recapitulate Key Aspects of Renal Physiology to Enable Nephrotoxicity Testing. Front Physiol 2017; 8:123. [PMID: 28337147 PMCID: PMC5340751 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its exposure to high concentrations of xenobiotics, the kidney proximal tubule is a primary site of nephrotoxicity and resulting attrition in the drug development pipeline. Current pre-clinical methods using 2D cell cultures and animal models are unable to fully recapitulate clinical drug responses due to limited in vitro functional lifespan, or species-specific differences. Using Organovo's proprietary 3D bioprinting platform, we have developed a fully cellular human in vitro model of the proximal tubule interstitial interface comprising renal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells to enable more accurate prediction of tissue-level clinical outcomes. Histological characterization demonstrated formation of extensive microvascular networks supported by endogenous extracellular matrix deposition. The epithelial cells of the 3D proximal tubule tissues demonstrated tight junction formation and expression of renal uptake and efflux transporters; the polarized localization and function of P-gp and SGLT2 were confirmed. Treatment of 3D proximal tubule tissues with the nephrotoxin cisplatin induced loss of tissue viability and epithelial cells in a dose-dependent fashion, and cimetidine rescued these effects, confirming the role of the OCT2 transporter in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The tissues also demonstrated a fibrotic response to TGFβ as assessed by an increase in gene expression associated with human fibrosis and histological verification of excess extracellular matrix deposition. Together, these results suggest that the bioprinted 3D proximal tubule model can serve as a test bed for the mechanistic assessment of human nephrotoxicity and the development of pathogenic states involving epithelial-interstitial interactions, making them an important adjunct to animal studies.
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22
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Sakolish C, Mahler GJ. A novel microfluidic device to model the human proximal tubule and glomerulus. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25641d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel multi-channel microfluidic device to model human glomerular filtration and proximal tubular re-uptake.
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23
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Obesity-induced kidney injury is attenuated by amelioration of aberrant PHD2 activation in proximal tubules. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36533. [PMID: 27827416 PMCID: PMC5101521 DOI: 10.1038/srep36533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of tissue ischemia in obesity-induced kidney injury remains to be elucidated. Compared with low fat diet (LFD)-mice, high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice became obese with tubular enlargement, glomerulomegaly and peritubular capillary rarefaction, and exhibited both tubular and glomerular damages. In HFD-fed mice, despite the increase in renal pimonidazole-positive areas, the expressions of the hypoxia-responsive genes such as Prolyl-hydroxylase PHD2, a dominant oxygen sensor, and VEGFA were unchanged indicating impaired hypoxic response. Tamoxifen inducible proximal tubules (PT)-specific Phd2 knockout (Phd2-cKO) mice and their littermate control mice (Control) were created and fed HFD or LFD. Control mice on HFD (Control HFD) exhibited renal damages and renal ischemia with impaired hypoxic response compared with those on LFD. After tamoxifen treatment, HFD-fed knockout mice (Phd2-cKO HFD) had increased peritubular capillaries and the increased expressions of hypoxia responsive genes compared to Control HFD mice. Phd2-cKO HFD also exhibited the mitigation of tubular damages, albuminuria and glomerulomegaly. In human PT cells, the increased expressions of hypoxia-inducible genes in hypoxic condition were attenuated by free fatty acids. Thus, aberrant hypoxic responses due to dysfunction of PHD2 caused both glomerular and tubular damages in HFD-induced obese mice. Phd2-inactivation provides a novel strategy against obesity-induced kidney injury.
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24
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Winter S, Fisel P, Büttner F, Rausch S, D’Amico D, Hennenlotter J, Kruck S, Nies AT, Stenzl A, Junker K, Scharpf M, Hofmann U, van der Kuip H, Fend F, Ott G, Agaimy A, Hartmann A, Bedke J, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E. Methylomes of renal cell lines and tumors or metastases differ significantly with impact on pharmacogenes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29930. [PMID: 27435027 PMCID: PMC4951699 DOI: 10.1038/srep29930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) show limited efficacy. Drug efficacy, typically investigated in preclinical cell line models during drug development, is influenced by pharmacogenes involved in targeting and disposition of drugs. Here we show through genome-wide DNA methylation profiling, that methylation patterns are concordant between primary ccRCC and macro-metastases irrespective of metastatic sites (rs ≥ 0.92). However, 195,038 (41%) of all investigated CpG sites, including sites within pharmacogenes, were differentially methylated (adjusted P < 0.05) in five established RCC cell lines compared to primary tumors, resulting in altered transcriptional expression. Exemplarily, gene-specific analyses of DNA methylation, mRNA and protein expression demonstrate lack of expression of the clinically important drug transporter OCT2 (encoded by SLC22A2) in cell lines due to hypermethylation compared to tumors or metastases. Our findings provide evidence that RCC cell lines are of limited benefit for prediction of drug effects due to epigenetic alterations. Similar epigenetic landscape of ccRCC-metastases and tumors opens new avenue for future therapeutic strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cohort Studies
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Pharmacogenetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Pascale Fisel
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Büttner
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Debora D’Amico
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Kruck
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anne T. Nies
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Kirrberger Straße, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Marcus Scharpf
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstr. 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heiko van der Kuip
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstr. 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8–10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8–10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tuebingen, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
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Álvarez RS, Sacerdoti F, Jancic C, Paton AW, Paton JC, Ibarra C, Amaral MM. Comparative Characterization of Shiga Toxin Type 2 and Subtilase Cytotoxin Effects on Human Renal Epithelial and Endothelial Cells Grown in Monolayer and Bilayer Conditions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158180. [PMID: 27336788 PMCID: PMC4918929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) affects children under 5 years old and is responsible for the development of acute and chronic renal failure, particularly in Argentina. This pathology is a complication of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli infection and renal damage is attributed to Stx types 1 and 2 (Stx1, Stx2) produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and many other STEC serotypes. It has been reported the production of Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) by non-O157 STEC isolated from cases of childhood diarrhea. Therefore, it is proposed that SubAB may contribute to HUS pathogenesis. The human kidney is the most affected organ because very Stx-sensitive cells express high amounts of biologically active receptor. In this study, we investigated the effects of Stx2 and SubAB on primary cultures of human glomerular endothelial cells (HGEC) and on a human tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) in monoculture and coculture conditions. We have established the coculture as a human renal proximal tubule model to study water absorption and cytotoxicity in the presence of Stx2 and SubAB. We obtained and characterized cocultures of HGEC and HK-2. Under basal conditions, HGEC monolayers exhibited the lowest electrical resistance (TEER) and the highest water permeability, while the HGEC/HK-2 bilayers showed the highest TEER and the lowest water permeability. In addition, at times as short as 20-30 minutes, Stx2 and SubAB caused the inhibition of water absorption across HK-2 and HGEC monolayers and this effect was not related to a decrease in cell viability. However, toxins did not have inhibitory effects on water movement across HGEC/HK-2 bilayers. After 72 h, Stx2 inhibited the cell viability of HGEC and HK-2 monolayers, but these effects were attenuated in HGEC/HK-2 bilayers. On the other hand, SubAB cytotoxicity shows a tendency to be attenuated by the bilayers. Our data provide evidence about the different effects of these toxins on the bilayers respect to the monolayers. This in vitro model of communication between human renal microvascular endothelial cells and human proximal tubular epithelial cells is a representative model of the human proximal tubule to study the effects of Stx2 and SubAB related to the development of HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina S. Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Sacerdoti
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrienne W. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cristina Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M. Amaral
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Wilmer MJ, Ng CP, Lanz HL, Vulto P, Suter-Dick L, Masereeuw R. Kidney-on-a-Chip Technology for Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Screening. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 34:156-170. [PMID: 26708346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Improved model systems to predict drug efficacy, interactions, and drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) are crucially needed in drug development. Organ-on-a-chip technology is a suitable in vitro system because it reproduces the 3D microenvironment. A kidney-on-a-chip can mimic the structural, mechanical, transport, absorptive, and physiological properties of the human kidney. In this review we address the application of state-of-the-art microfluidic culturing techniques, with a focus on culturing kidney proximal tubules, that are promising for the detection of biomarkers that predict drug interactions and DIKI. We also discuss high-throughput screening and the challenges for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) that will need to be overcome for successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, HB 6500 The Netherlands.
| | - Chee Ping Ng
- MIMETAS BV, JH Oortweg 19, Leiden, CH, 2333 The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Vulto
- MIMETAS BV, JH Oortweg 19, Leiden, CH, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, CG 3584 The Netherlands
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27
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Matsui Y, Sunatani Y, Hayashi N, Okino K, Okushi Y, Mukai K, Adachi H, Yamaya H, Iwabuchi K, Yokoyama H. DNA double-strand breaks induced intractable glomerular fibrosis in renal allografts. Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 20:479-88. [PMID: 26440363 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-015-1174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The relationship between DNA damage and glomerular fibrosis in renal allografts remains unclear. METHODS We examined renal allograft specimens from 35 patients in which DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and glomerular fibrosis were detected by phospho-histone H2A.X (γ-H2AX) expression and collagen (COL) types III, IV, and VI accumulation. We also examined the in vitro relationship between DNA damage and COL accumulation by mitomycin C (MMc)-induced DNA damage in human glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEc). RESULTS The γ-H2AX and COL type VI, which mainly accumulated in the subendothelial and mesangial regions, were positively correlated with the duration of the post-renal transplant (RT) period. In multiple regression analysis, the duration of the post-RT period and cg in the Banff '07 classification were identified as a significant predictor of COL type VI accumulation and γ-H2AX expression in the glomerular capillaries. In addition, the γ-H2AX-positive area was also identified as a predictor of glomerular accumulation of COL type VI. COL type VI was detected in the cytoplasm of the HRGEc, which was secreted into the supernatant after MMc stimulation with γ-H2AX expression. The number of γ-H2AX (-)/COL type VI (+) cells was inversely associated with the number of γ-H2AX (+)/COL type VI (-) cells during 24-h MMc treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the long-term RT induces DSBs and HRGEc-secreted COL type VI accumulation in the glomerular capillaries, which might progress to intractable glomerular fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yumi Sunatani
- Department of Biochemistry I, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Norifumi Hayashi
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Okino
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yuki Okushi
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Mukai
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroki Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaya
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Iwabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry I, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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Cheng H, Harris RC. Renal endothelial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2015; 14:22-33. [PMID: 24720460 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x14666140401110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been posited to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Due to the heterogeneity of endothelial cells (ECs), it is difficult to generalize about endothelial responses to diabetic stimuli. At present, there are limited techniques fordirectly measuring EC function in vivo, so diagnosis of endothelial disorders still largely depends on indirect assessment of mediators arising from EC injury. In the kidney microcirculation, both afferent and efferent arteries, arterioles and glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) have all been implicated as targets of diabetic injury. Both hyperglycemia per se, as well as the metabolic consequences of glucose dysregulation, are thought to lead to endothelial cell dysfunction. In this regard, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a central role in EC dysfunction. Impaired eNOS activity can occur at numerous levels, including enzyme uncoupling, post-translational modifications, internalization and decreased expression. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability exacerbates oxidative stress, further promoting endothelial dysfunction and injury. The injured ECs may then function as active signal transducers of metabolic, hemodynamic and inflammatory factors that modify the function and morphology of the vessel wall and interact with adjacent cells, which may activate a cascade of inflammatory and proliferative and profibrotic responses in progressive DN. Both pharmacological approaches and potential regenerative therapies hold promise for restoration of impaired endothelial cells in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, S3223 MCN, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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29
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Zhao Y, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Tsatralis T, Cao Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang YM, Alexander SI, Harris DC, Zheng G. Isolation and epithelial co-culture of mouse renal peritubular endothelial cells. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:40. [PMID: 25433516 PMCID: PMC4260259 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-014-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) has been shown to be a major source of myofibroblasts, contributing to kidney fibrosis. However, in vitro study of endothelial cells often relies on culture of isolated primary endothelial cells due to the unavailability of endothelial cell lines. Our recent study suggested that peritubular endothelial cells could contribute to kidney fibrosis through EndoMT. Therefore, successful isolation and culture of mouse peritubular endothelial cells could provide a new platform for studying kidney fibrosis. This study describes an immunomagnetic separation method for the isolation of mouse renal peritubular endothelial cells using anti-CD146 MicroBeads, followed by co-culture with mouse renal proximal tubular epithelial cells to maintain endothelial phenotype. Results Flow cytometry showed that after isolation and two days of culture, about 95% of cells were positive for endothelial-specific marker CD146. The percentage of other cells, including dendritic cells (CD11c) and macrophages (F4/80), was less than 1%. Maintenance of endothelial cell phenotype required vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and co-culture with mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells. Conclusion In this study, we established a method for the isolation of mouse renal peritubular endothelial cells by using immunomagnetic separation with anti-CD146 MicroBeads, followed by co-culture with mouse renal proximal tubular epithelial cells to maintain phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-014-0040-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Experimental Centre of Science and Research, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.
| | - Tania Tsatralis
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ya Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Steve I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - David C Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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30
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Biotechnological challenges of bioartificial kidney engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1317-1327. [PMID: 25135479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the world-wide increase of patients with renal failure, the development of functional renal replacement therapies have gained significant interest and novel technologies are rapidly evolving. Currently used renal replacement therapies insufficiently remove accumulating waste products, resulting in the uremic syndrome. A more preferred treatment option is kidney transplantation, but the shortage of donor organs and the increasing number of patients waiting for a transplant warrant the development of novel technologies. The bioartificial kidney (BAK) is such promising biotechnological approach to replace essential renal functions together with the active secretion of waste products. The development of the BAK requires a multidisciplinary approach and evolves at the intersection of regenerative medicine and renal replacement therapy. Here we provide a concise review embracing a compact historical overview of bioartificial kidney development and highlighting the current state-of-the-art, including implementation of living-membranes and the relevance of extracellular matrices. We focus further on the choice of relevant renal epithelial cell lines versus the use of stem cells and co-cultures that need to be implemented in a suitable device. Moreover, the future of the BAK in regenerative nephrology is discussed.
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31
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Fisel P, Renner O, Nies AT, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E. Solute carrier transporter and drug-related nephrotoxicity: the impact of proximal tubule cell models for preclinical research. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:395-408. [PMID: 24397389 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.876990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The final excretion step of several drugs is facilitated by membrane transporters of the Solute carrier (SLC) family expressed in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Membrane transporters contribute substantially to the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs and play important roles in drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Different cell models have been applied as tools for the assessment of nephrotoxic effects caused by drugs. AREAS COVERED This review gives an overview over clinically relevant SLC transporters involved in the renal elimination of drug agents and their specific role in drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Most widely applied cell models are described and their advantages and limitations are outlined. EXPERT OPINION In vitro cell culture models (e.g., continuous and primary renal cell lines, polarized cell monolayers) represent valuable tools for early assessment of the nephrotoxic potential of drugs. Since SLC transporters contribute to drug excretion in a large part, in vitro cell culture models might be very helpful to study transport pathways and/or potential drug-drug interactions at an early stage of the drug development process to predict nephrotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Fisel
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Auerbachstrasse 125, Stuttgart, 70376 , Germany
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32
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Chu CY, Wang CC. Toxicity of melamine: the public health concern. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:342-386. [PMID: 24171438 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.844758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Melamine contamination in food has resulted in sickness and deaths of human infants, pets, and farm animals in the past decade. The majority of the victims suffered from acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and urolithiasis. Since then, animal studies have revealed the possible target organs of the melamine toxicity and the extent of the adverse effects of the contaminant. State-of-the-art analytical methods have been developed to achieve the "zero tolerance" aim for such economically motivated adulteration. These studies provide in-depth understanding of the melamine toxicity and promising analytical methods, which can help us safeguard our dairy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
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