1
|
Fast and slow myosin as markers of muscle regeneration in mangled extremities: a pilot study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2019; 29:1539-1547. [PMID: 31111314 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-019-02448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mangled extremities were classically managed by amputation. But over the past few decades, with the advancement in surgical techniques, an increased number of limb salvages have been possible. As muscles usually get damaged in such grievous injuries, a thorough understanding of muscle regeneration may give a better insight into muscle healing in these injuries. Muscles are composed of slow and fast fibers which can be represented by slow and fast myosin, respectively. There are some animal studies which reported differential regeneration of slow and fast muscle fibers during muscle healing. We conducted this pilot study to find out whether the same holds true for muscle healing in mangled extremities also. This pilot study is designed in 15 patients with lower limb mangled extremities presenting to trauma center of PGIMER, Chandigarh, who were operated within 24 h of injury to see whether muscle healing in mangled extremities follows the same pattern. Biopsies were taken during initial surgery conducted within 24 h of injury and on the 7th day of injury when patient was posted again for secondary wound closure procedure or revision amputation. The biopsy samples were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination using antibodies against fast and slow myosin. We found that the regenerating muscle fibers in the biopsy sample taken on the 7th day of injury showed only slow muscle fibers with the absence of fast muscle fibers when compared with the initial biopsy results showing differential regeneration of slow muscle fibers.
Collapse
|
2
|
O'Connell RA, Carberry J, O'Halloran KD. Sternohyoid and diaphragm muscle form and function during postnatal development in the rat. Exp Physiol 2013; 98:1386-400. [PMID: 23709586 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.073346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Co-ordinated activity of the thoracic pump and pharyngeal dilator muscles is critical for maintaining airway calibre and respiratory homeostasis. Whilst postnatal maturation of the diaphragm has been well characterized, surprisingly little is known about the developmental programme in the airway dilator muscles. What is the main finding and its importance? Developmental increases in force-generating capacity and fatigue in the sternohyoid and diaphragm muscles are attributed to a maturational shift in muscle myosin heavy chain phenotype. This maturation is accelerated in the sternohyoid muscle relative to the diaphragm and may have implications for the control of airway calibre in vivo. The striated muscles of breathing, including the thoracic pump and pharyngeal dilator muscles, play a critical role in maintaining respiratory homeostasis. Whilst postnatal maturation of the diaphragm has been well characterized, surprisingly little is known about the developmental programme in airway dilator muscles given that co-ordinated activity of both sets of muscles is needed for the maintenance of airway calibre and effective pulmonary ventilation. The form and function of sternohyoid and diaphragm muscles from Wistar rat pups [postnatal day (PD) 10, 20 and 30] was determined. Isometric contractile and endurance properties were examined in tissue baths containing Krebs solution at 35°C. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition was determined using immunofluorescence. Muscle oxidative and glycolytic capacity was assessed by measuring the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase using semi-quantitative histochemistry. Sternohyoid and diaphragm peak isometric force and fatigue increased significantly with postnatal maturation. Developmental myosin disappeared by PD20, whereas MHC2B areal density increased significantly from PD10 to PD30, emerging earlier and to a much greater extent in the sternohyoid muscle. The numerical density of fibres expressing MHC2X and MHC2B increased significantly during development in the sternohyoid. Diaphragm succinate dehydrogenase activity and sternohyoid glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly with age. Developmental increases in force-generating capacity and fatigue in the sternohyoid and diaphragm muscles are attributed to a postnatal shift in muscle MHC phenotype. The accelerated maturation of the sternohyoid muscle relative to the diaphragm may have implications for the control of airway calibre in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A O'Connell
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choe MA, Koo BS, An GJ, Jeon S. Effects of Treadmill Exercise on the Recovery of Dopaminergic Neuron Loss and Muscle Atrophy in the 6-OHDA Lesioned Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 16:305-12. [PMID: 23129977 PMCID: PMC3485379 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2012.16.5.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was to determine the effect of exercise on the recovery of dopaminergic neuron loss and muscle atrophy in 6-OHDA-induced hemi Parkinson's disease model. Exercise was loaded twice per day for 30 minutes each time, at 5 days after 6-OHDA lesioning and continued for 16 days using a treadmill. Exercise significantly increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neuron in the lesioned substantia nigra and the expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum compared with the control group. To examine which signaling pathways may be involved in the exercise, the phosphorylation of GSK3β and ERK were observed in the striatum. In the control group, basal level of GSK3β phosphorylation was less than in both striatum, but exercise increased it. ERK phosphorylation decreased in the lesioned striatum, but exercise recovered it. These findings suggest that exercise inactivates GSK3β by phosphorylation which may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of exercise on the 6-OHDA-induced cell death. In the exercise group, weight, and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of the contralateral soleus significantly recovered and expression of myosin heavy chain and Akt and ERK phosphorylation significantly increased by exercise. These results suggest that exercise recovers Parkinson's disease induced dopaminergic neuron loss and contralateral soleus muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Ae Choe
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ge X, Vajjala A, McFarlane C, Wahli W, Sharma M, Kambadur R. Lack of Smad3 signaling leads to impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E90-102. [PMID: 22535746 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00113.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Smad3 is a key intracellular signaling mediator for both transforming growth factor-β and myostatin, two major regulators of skeletal muscle growth. Previous published work has revealed pronounced muscle atrophy together with impaired satellite cell functionality in Smad3-null muscles. In the present study, we have further validated a role for Smad3 signaling in skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, we show that Smad3-null mice had incomplete recovery of muscle weight and myofiber size after muscle injury. Histological/immunohistochemical analysis suggested impaired inflammatory response and reduced number of activated myoblasts during the early stages of muscle regeneration in the tibialis anterior muscle of Smad3-null mice. Nascent myofibers formed after muscle injury were also reduced in number. Moreover, Smad3-null regenerated muscle had decreased oxidative enzyme activity and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, evident by the downregulation of the gene encoding mitochondrial transcription factor A, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Consistent with known Smad3 function, reduced fibrotic tissue formation was also seen in regenerated Smad3-null muscle. In conclusion, Smad3 deficiency leads to impaired muscle regeneration, which underscores an essential role of Smad3 in postnatal myogenesis. Given the negative role of myostatin during muscle regeneration, the increased expression of myostatin observed in Smad3-null muscle may contribute to the regeneration defects.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy/immunology
- Muscular Atrophy/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy/pathology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/enzymology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/pathology
- Myogenic Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Myogenic Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Myostatin/genetics
- Myostatin/metabolism
- Necrosis
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/enzymology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/metabolism
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Smad3 Protein/genetics
- Smad3 Protein/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Ge
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Choe MA, An GJ, Koo BS, Jeon S. Effect of DHEA on recovery of muscle atrophy induced by Parkinson's disease. J Korean Acad Nurs 2012; 41:834-42. [PMID: 22310868 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2011.41.6.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on recovery of muscle atrophy induced by Parkinson's disease. METHODS The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 20μg) into the left striatum using stereotaxic surgery. Rats were divided into two groups; the Parkinson's disease group with vehicle treatment (Vehicle; n=12) or DHEA treatment group (DHEA; n=22). DHEA or vehicle was administrated intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 0.34 mmol/kg for 21 days. At 22-days after DHEA treatment, soleus, plantaris, and striatum were dissected. RESULTS The DHEA group showed significant increase (p<.01) in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in the lesioned side substantia nigra compared to the vehicle group. Weights and Type I fiber cross-sectional areas of the contralateral soleus of the DHEA group were significantly greater than those of the vehicle group (p=.02, p=.00). Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation significantly decreased in the lesioned striatum, but was recovered with DHEA and also in the contralateral soleus muscle, Akt and ERK phosphorylation recovered significantly and the expression level of myosin heavy chain also recovered by DHEA treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DHEA treatment recovers Parkinson's disease induced contralateral soleus muscle atrophy through Akt and ERK phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Ae Choe
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Terada M, Kawano F, Ohira T, Nakai N, Nishimoto N, Ohira Y. Effects of mechanical over-loading on the properties of soleus muscle fibers, with or without damage, in wild type and mdx mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34557. [PMID: 22523551 PMCID: PMC3327707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of mechanical over-loading on the characteristics of regenerating or normal soleus muscle fibers were studied in dystrophin-deficient (mdx) and wild type (WT) mice. Damage was also induced in WT mice by injection of cardiotoxin (CTX) into soleus muscle. Over-loading was applied for 14 days to the left soleus muscle in mdx and intact and CTX-injected WT mouse muscles by ablation of the distal tendons of plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles. All of the myonuclei in normal muscle of WT mice were distributed at the peripheral region. But, central myonuclei were noted in all fibers of WT mice regenerating from CTX-injection-related injury. Further, many fibers of mdx mice possessed central myonuclei and the distribution of such fibers was increased in response to over-loading, suggesting a shift of myonuclei from peripheral to central region. Approximately 1.4% branched fibers were seen in the intact muscle of mdx mice, although these fibers were not detected in WT mice. The percentage of these fibers in mdx, not in WT, mice was increased by over-loading (∼51.2%). The fiber CSA in normal WT mice was increased by over-loading (p<0.05), but not in mdx and CTX-injected WT mice. It was suggested that compensatory hypertrophy is induced in normal muscle fibers of WT mice following functional over-loading. But, it was also indicated that muscle fibers in mdx mice are susceptible to mechanical over-loading and fiber splitting and shift of myonuclei from peripheral to central region are induced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Terada
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Wakayama Medical University, Ibaragi City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roels B, Reggiani C, Reboul C, Lionne C, Iorga B, Obert P, Tanguy S, Gibault A, Jougla A, Travers F, Millet GP, Candau R. Paradoxical effects of endurance training and chronic hypoxia on myofibrillar ATPase activity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294:R1911-8. [PMID: 18417650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00210.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the changes in soleus myofibrillar ATPase (m-ATPase) activity and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression after endurance training and/or chronic hypoxic exposure. Dark Agouti rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, normoxic sedentary (N; n = 14), normoxic endurance trained (NT; n = 14), hypoxic sedentary (H; n = 10), and hypoxic endurance trained (HT; n = 14). Rats lived and trained in normoxia at 760 mmHg (N and NT) or hypobaric hypoxia at 550 mmHg (approximately 2,800 m) (H and HT). m-ATPase activity was measured by rapid flow quench technique; myosin subunits were analyzed with mono- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Endurance training significantly increased m-ATPase (P < 0.01), although an increase in MHC-I content occurred (P < 0.01). In spite of slow-to-fast transitions in MHC isoform distribution in chronic hypoxia (P < 0.05) no increase in m-ATPase was observed. The rate constants of m-ATPase were 0.0350 +/- 0.0023 s(-1) and 0.047 +/- 0.0050 s(-1) for N and NT and 0.033 +/- 0.0021 s(-1) and 0.038 +/- 0.0032 s(-1) for H and HT. Thus, dissociation between variations in m-ATPase and changes in MHC isoform expression was observed. Changes in fraction of active myosin heads, in myosin light chain isoform (MLC) distribution or in MLC phosphorylation, could not explain the variations in m-ATPase. Myosin posttranslational modifications or changes in other myofibrillar proteins may therefore be responsible for the observed variations in m-ATPase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Roels
- UMR 866 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gomez-Merino D, Drogou C, Guezennec CY, Chennaoui M. Effects of chronic exercise on cytokine production in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of rats. Cytokine 2007; 40:23-9. [PMID: 17826174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major source of production of cytokines involved in chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Long-term exercise has been proposed as a therapy to reduce chronic inflammation. We investigated here the influence of an intense exercise training (over 7 weeks) on several cytokine concentrations including interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-1beta, and IL-12 in serum, WAT, and skeletal muscle (SM) from non-obese rats. Two groups of 10 rats were investigated: one group was progressively trained (the two last weeks: 120min per day, 25m/min, 7% grade, 5 days per week) and the other age-matched group was used as a sedentary control. Compared to sedentary rats, weight gain was lower in the trained rats (P<0.01). In WAT, concentrations of IL-1ra, IL-1beta, and IL-12 were lower (P<0.001 for IL-1ra and IL-12, P<0.05 for IL-1beta) while they were higher in SM (P<0.01 for IL-1ra, P<0.001 for IL-1beta, P<0.05 for IL-12), and similar in serum. Significant correlations were noted between (i) body weight and WAT concentrations of IL-1ra, IL-1beta, and IL-12 (0.595, 0.450, and 0.481, respectively), (ii) body weight and IL-1beta concentration in SM (-0.526). We also observed significant negative correlations between WAT and SM concentrations of the three cytokines. We show here for the first time that intense exercise training with weight loss reduced concentrations of IL-1ra, IL-1beta, and IL-12 in WAT, while it increased them in SM. These results suggest that exercise could help reduce inflammation in WAT through mobilization of immune cells producing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in SM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Gomez-Merino
- Department of Physiology, IMASSA, B.P. 73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Verzola RMM, Mesquita RA, Peviani S, Ramos OHP, Moriscot AS, Perez SEA, Selistre-de-Araújo HS. Early remodeling of rat cardiac muscle induced by swimming training. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:621-7. [PMID: 16648900 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of acute swimming training with an anaerobic component on matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) activity and myosin heavy chain gene expression in the rat myocardium. Animals (male Wistar rats, weighing approximately 180 g) were trained for 6 h/day in 3 sessions of 2 h each for 1 to 5 consecutive days (N = 5 rats per group). Rats swam in basins 47 cm in diameter and 60 cm deep filled with water at 33 to 35 degrees C. After the training period a significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed in the heart weight normalized to body weight by about 22 and 35% in the groups that trained for 96 and 120 h, respectively. Blood lactate levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in all groups after all training sessions, confirming an anaerobic component. However, lactate levels decreased (P < 0.05) with days of training, suggesting that the animals became adapted to this protocol. Myosin heavy chain-beta gene expression, analyzed by real time PCR and normalized with GAPDH gene expression, showed a significant two-fold increase (P < 0.01) after 5 days of training. Zymography analysis of myocardium extracts indicated a single approximately 60-kDa activity band that was significantly increased (P < 0.05) after 72, 96, and 120 h, indicating an increased expression of MMP-2 and suggesting precocious remodeling. Furthermore, the presence of MMP-2 was confirmed by Western blot analysis, but not the presence of MMP-1 and MMP-3. Taken together, our results indicate that in these training conditions, the rat heart undergoes early biochemical and functional changes required for the adaptation to the new physiological condition by tissue remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M M Verzola
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gregorevic P, Plant DR, Stupka N, Lynch GS. Changes in contractile activation characteristics of rat fast and slow skeletal muscle fibres during regeneration. J Physiol 2004; 558:549-60. [PMID: 15181161 PMCID: PMC1664957 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.066217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged skeletal muscle fibres are replaced with new contractile units via muscle regeneration. Regenerating muscle fibres synthesize functionally distinct isoforms of contractile and regulatory proteins but little is known of their functional properties during the regeneration process. An advantage of utilizing single muscle fibre preparations is that assessment of their function is based on the overall characteristics of the contractile apparatus and regulatory system and as such, these preparations are sensitive in revealing not only coarse, but also subtle functional differences between muscle fibres. We examined the Ca(2+)- and Sr(2+)-activated contractile characteristics of permeabilized fibres from rat fast-twitch (extensor digitorum longus) and slow-twitch (soleus) muscles at 7, 14 and 21 days following myotoxic injury, to test the hypothesis that fibres from regenerating fast and slow muscles have different functional characteristics to fibres from uninjured muscles. Regenerating muscle fibres had approximately 10% of the maximal force producing capacity (P(o)) of control (uninjured) fibres, and an altered sensitivity to Ca(2+) and Sr(2+) at 7 days post-injury. Increased force production and a shift in Ca(2+) sensitivity consistent with fibre maturation were observed during regeneration such that P(o) was restored to 36-45% of that in control fibres by 21 days, and sensitivity to Ca(2+) and Sr(2+) was similar to that of control (uninjured) fibres. The findings support the hypothesis that regenerating muscle fibres have different contractile activation characteristics compared with mature fibres, and that they adopt properties of mature fast- or slow-twitch muscle fibres in a progressive manner as the regeneration process is completed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bigard AX, Mateo P, Sanchez H, Serrurier B, Ventura-Clapier R. Lack of coordinated changes in metabolic enzymes and myosin heavy chain isoforms in regenerated muscles of trained rats. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2000; 21:269-78. [PMID: 10952174 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005680921792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated training-induced changes in biochemical properties and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition of regenerated (cardiotoxin-injected) plantaris muscles (PLA) in rats either maintained sedentary (S, n = 9) or endurance trained on a treadmill over a 8-week period (T, n = 7). Both endurance training and regeneration altered the pattern of fast MHC expression. An analysis of the two-way interaction between training and regeneration showed that the relative content of type IIa MHC was affected (P < 0.05). The 140% increase in type IIa MHC observed in regenerated PLA from T rats compared with nontreated muscle of S rats, exceeded the 102% increase resulting from the combination of regeneration alone (26%) and training alone (61%). A similar interaction between training and regeneration was shown for the percentage of fibres expressing either type IIa or type lIb MHC (P < 0.05). In contrast, a significant increase in the citrate synthase (CS) activity was shown in PLA as a result of endurance training, without specific effect of regeneration. Furthermore, training-induced changes in CK and LDH isoenzyme distribution occurred to a similar extent in regenerated and non-treated PLA muscles, and thus did not follow the changes in MHC isoforms. An increase in the mitochondrial CK isozyme activity (mi-CK) was shown in both non-treated and previously degenerated PLA muscles (123 and 117%, P < 0.01, respectively), without specific effect of regeneration. The ratio of mi-CK to CS activity, an estimate of the mitochondrial specific activity of mi-CK was significantly increased by training (P < 0.02) and decreased by regeneration (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that while training and regeneration have cumulative effects on the pattern of fast MHC expression, the training-induced changes in the energy metabolism shown in mature non-treated myofibres are similar to those observed in regenerated fibres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A X Bigard
- Unité de Bioénergétique et Environnement, Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, La Tronche, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferry A, Noirez P, Page CL, Salah IB, Daegelen D, Rieu M. Effects of anabolic/androgenic steroids on regenerating skeletal muscles in the rat. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1999; 166:105-10. [PMID: 10383489 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the effect of male sexual hormones on the regeneration of skeletal muscles. Degeneration/regeneration of the left soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles (EDL) of Wistar male rats was induced by an injection of snake venom (2 microg, Notechis scutatus scutatus). During the muscle regeneration (25 days), rats were treated with either oil (CON), nandrolone (NAN), NAN combined with exercise (NAN + EXE) or were castrated (CAS). Muscle growth and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform content of regenerating muscles were studied. Castration altered the concentrations of MyHC in venom-treated EDL (P < 0.01) and soleus (P < 0.05). NAN increased the mass (P < 0.01) of regenerating soleus and decreased the relative amount of fast MyHC protein (% of total, P < 0.05). The effect of NAN + EXE on the fast MyHC proteins of venom-treated soleus was opposite (P < 0.05). NAN and NAN + EXE were without effect on the regenerating EDL (P > 0.05). In conclusion, it is possible that male sexual hormones play a role in the growth (synthesis of contractile proteins) of regenerating muscles in rat. In addition, contrary to NAN + EXE, NAN could be beneficial to soleus regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ferry
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Adaptations, Faculté de Médecine Cochin-Port Royal, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Erzen I, Primc M, Janmot C, Cvetko E, Sketelj J, d'Albis A. Myosin heavy chain profiles in regenerated fast and slow muscles innervated by the same motor nerve become nearly identical. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1999; 31:277-83. [PMID: 10461862 DOI: 10.1023/a:1003709700270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity of mature muscles exposed to different activation patterns is limited, probably due to restricted adaptive range of their muscle fibres. In this study, we tested whether satellite cells derived from slow muscles can give rise to a normal fast muscle, if transplanted to the fast muscle bed. Marcaine-treated rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were transplanted to the EDL muscle bed and innervated by the 'EDL' nerve. Six months later expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms was analysed by areal densities of fibres, binding specific monoclonal antibodies, and by SDS gel electrophoresis. Both regenerated muscles closely resembled each other. Their myosin heavy chain profiles were similar to those in fast muscles although they were not identical to that in the control EDL muscle. Since not even regenerated EDL was able to reach the myosin heavy chain isoform profile of mature EDL muscle, our experimental model did not permit studying the adaptive capacity of satellite cells in different muscles in its whole extent. However, the results favour the multipotential myoblast stem cell population in rat muscles and underline the importance of the extrinsic regulation of muscle phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Erzen
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bigard AX, Janmot C, Sanchez H, Serrurier B, Pollet S, d'Albis A. Changes in myosin heavy chain profile of mature regenerated muscle with endurance training in rat. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1999; 165:185-92. [PMID: 10090330 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the response of fast-twitch muscle to endurance training long after the muscle had regenerated from toxin injury. Seventeen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a sedentary (S, n = 10) or a trained group (T, n = 7). Endurance training by treadmill running (5 days week(-1), 30 m min(-1), 7% grade, 2 h day(-1) for 5 weeks) was initiated 5 weeks after myofibre degeneration was induced in the right extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) by two injections of 0.2 mL of the unfractionated venom from Naja nigricollis snake. Gel electrophoresis analyses showed that training alone resulted in a 140% increase in type IIX myosin heavy chain (MHC) (P < 0.01) and a slight decrease in type IIB MHC (-14% P < 0.05). Regeneration alone induced an increase in both type IIA and IIX MHC expression (103%, P < 0.05, and 131%, P < 0.01, respectively), and a concomitant decrease in the percentage of type IIB MHC (P < 0.05). The shift from type IIB toward type IIA MHC composition observed in regenerated muscles of T rats resulted not only from an additive, but from a cumulative effect of training and regeneration. Immunohistochemical analysis of MHC content in individual fibres showed similar changes. These data suggest that the impact of endurance training on fast-type MHCs was more marked in mature regenerated muscles than in regenerating ones, and provide evidence of the heightened plasticity of fully regenerated muscles to repeated exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A X Bigard
- Unité de Bioénergétique et Environnement, Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, La Tronche, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|