1
|
Shin YJ, Chae SY, Lee H, Fang X, Cui S, Lim SW, Lee KI, Lee JY, Li C, Yang CW, Chung BH. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated suppression of A4GALT rescues endothelial cell dysfunction in a fabry disease vasculopathy model derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Atherosclerosis 2024; 397:118549. [PMID: 39141976 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated A4GALT suppression in rescuing endothelial dysfunction in Fabry disease (FD) endothelial cells (FD-ECs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). METHODS We differentiated hiPSCs (WT (wild-type), WTC-11), GLA-mutant hiPSCs (GLA-KO, CMC-Fb-002), and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated A4GALT-KO hiPSCs (GLA/A4GALT-KO, Fb-002-A4GALT-KO) into ECs and compared FD phenotypes and endothelial dysfunction. We also analyzed the effect of A4GALT suppression on reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and transcriptome profiles through RNA sequencing. RESULTS GLA-mutant hiPSC-ECs (GLA-KO and CMC-Fb-002) showed downregulated expression of EC markers and significantly reduced α-GalA expression with increased Gb-3 deposition and intra-lysosomal inclusion bodies. However, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated A4GALT suppression in GLA/A4GALT-KO and Fb-002-A4GALT-KO hiPSC-ECs increased expression levels of EC markers and rescued these FD phenotypes. GLA-mutant hiPSC-ECs failed to form tube-like structure in tube formation assays, showing significantly decreased migration of cells into the scratched wound area. In contrast, A4GALT suppression improved tube formation and cell migration capacity. Western blot analysis revealed that MAPK and AKT phosphorylation levels were downregulated while SOD and catalase were upregulated in GLA-KO hiPSC-ECs. However, suppression of A4GALT restored these protein alterations. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated significant transcriptome changes in GLA-mutant EC, especially in angiogenesis, cell death, and cellular response to oxidative stress. However, these were effectively restored in GLA/A4GALT-KO hiPSC-ECs. CONCLUSIONS CRISPR/Cas9-mediated A4GALT suppression rescued FD phenotype and endothelial dysfunction in GLA-mutant hiPSC-ECs, presenting a potential therapeutic approach for FD-vasculopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Shin
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Yun Chae
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea
| | - Hanbi Lee
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea
| | - Xianying Fang
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sheng Cui
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Can Li
- Department of Nephrology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar P, Verma A, Ashique S, Bhowmick M, Mohanto S, Singh A, Gupta M, Gupta A, Haider T. Unlocking the role of herbal cosmeceutical in anti-ageing and skin ageing associated diseases. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2024; 43:211-226. [PMID: 39024063 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2380326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The process of skin ageing is a natural biological phenomenon characterised by the emergence of wrinkles, age spots, sagging skin, and dryness over time. The increasing significance of skin in physical attractiveness has heightened skincare concerns. Anti-ageing cosmetics play a pivotal role in nurturing the skin, enhancing its quality, and promoting overall health. Today, cosmetics have evolved beyond mere aesthetics and are now integral to individual wellness. The contemporary quest for perpetual youth has intensified, prompting a deeper exploration into the skin ageing process. This comprehensive exploration delves into various elements involved in skin ageing, encompassing cells such as stem and endothelial cells, blood vessels, soft tissues, and signalling pathways. The molecular basis of skin ageing, including biochemical factors like reactive oxygen species, damaged DNA, free radicals, ions, and proteins (mRNA), is scrutinised alongside relevant animal models. The article critically analyzes the outcomes of utilising herbal components, emphasising their advantageous anti-ageing properties. The factors contributing to skin ageing, mechanistic perspectives, management approaches involving herbal cosmeceutical, and associated complications (especially cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc.) are succinctly addressed. In addition, the manuscript further summarises the recent patented innovations and toxicity of the herbal cosmeceuticals for anti-ageing and ageing associated disorders. Despite progress, further research is imperative to unlock the full potential of herbal components as anti-ageing agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- SRM University Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, UPttarpradesh, India
| | - Anurag Verma
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, UPttarpradesh, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mithun Bhowmick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karaś A, Bar A, Pandian K, Jasztal A, Kuryłowicz Z, Kutryb-Zając B, Buczek E, Rocchetti S, Mohaissen T, Jędrzejewska A, Harms AC, Kaczara P, Chłopicki S. Functional deterioration of vascular mitochondrial and glycolytic capacity in the aortic rings of aged mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:3831-3844. [PMID: 38418756 PMCID: PMC11226416 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular ageing is associated with increased arterial stiffness and cardiovascular mortality that might be linked to altered vascular energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to establish a Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer-based methodology for the reliable, functional assessment of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in single murine aortic rings and to validate this functional assay by characterising alterations in vascular energy metabolism in aged mice. Healthy young and old C57BL/6 mice were used for the analyses. An optimised setup consisting of the Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer and Seahorse Spheroid Microplates was applied for the mitochondrial stress test and the glycolysis stress test on the isolated murine aortic rings, supplemented with analysis of NAD content in the aorta. To confirm the age-dependent stiffness of the vasculature, pulse wave velocity was measured in vivo. In addition, the activity of vascular nitric oxide synthase and vascular wall morphology were analysed ex vivo. The vascular ageing phenotype in old mice was confirmed by increased aortic stiffness, vascular wall remodelling, and nitric oxide synthase activity impairment. The rings of the aorta taken from old mice showed changes in vascular energy metabolism, including impaired spare respiratory capacity, maximal respiration, glycolysis, and glycolytic capacity, as well as a fall in the NAD pool. In conclusion, optimised Seahorse XFe96-based analysis to study energy metabolism in single aortic rings of murine aorta revealed a robust impairment of functional vascular respiratory and glycolytic capacity in old mice linked to NAD deficiency that coincided with age-related aortic wall remodelling and stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Karaś
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kanchana Pandian
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein Road 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kuryłowicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zając
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debniki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefano Rocchetti
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tasnim Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Jędrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debniki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Amy C Harms
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein Road 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Stefan Chłopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kij A, Bar A, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Przyborowski K, Proniewski B, Mateuszuk L, Kurylowicz Z, Jasztal A, Buczek E, Kurpinska A, Suraj-Prazmowska J, Marczyk B, Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda K, Daiber A, Oelze M, Walczak M, Chlopicki S. Vascular protein disulfide isomerase A1 mediates endothelial dysfunction induced by angiotensin II in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14116. [PMID: 38400621 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are involved in platelet aggregation and intravascular thrombosis, but their role in regulating endothelial function is unclear. Here, we characterized the involvement of vascular PDIA1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced endothelial dysfunction in mice. METHODS Endothelial dysfunction was induced in C57BL/6JCmd male mice via Ang II subcutaneous infusion, and PDIA1 was inhibited with bepristat. Endothelial function was assessed in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo with a myography, while arterial stiffness was measured as pulse wave velocity. Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was measured in the aorta (spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance) and plasma (NO2 - and NO3 - levels). Oxidative stress, eNOS uncoupling (DHE-based aorta staining), and thrombin activity (thrombin-antithrombin complex; calibrated automated thrombography) were evaluated. RESULTS The inhibition of PDIA1 by bepristat in Ang II-treated mice prevented the impairment of NO-dependent vasodilation in the aorta as evidenced by the response to acetylcholine in vivo, increased systemic NO bioavailability and the aortic NO production, and decreased vascular stiffness. Bepristat's effect on NO-dependent function was recapitulated ex vivo in Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction in isolated aorta. Furthermore, bepristat diminished the Ang II-induced eNOS uncoupling and overproduction of ROS without affecting thrombin activity. CONCLUSION In Ang II-treated mice, the inhibition of PDIA1 normalized the NO-ROS balance, prevented endothelial eNOS uncoupling, and, thereby, improved vascular function. These results indicate the importance of vascular PDIA1 in regulating endothelial function, but further studies are needed to elucidate the details of the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabela Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kurylowicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kurpinska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prazmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Brygida Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Andreas Daiber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, The Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, The Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Walczak
- Department of Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zoughaib WS, Hoffman RL, Yates BA, Moorthi RN, Lim K, Coggan AR. Short-term beetroot juice supplementation improves muscle speed and power but does not reduce blood pressure or oxidative stress in 65-79 y old men and women. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:34-41. [PMID: 37244392 PMCID: PMC10527284 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that acute ingestion of inorganic nitrate (NO3-)-rich beetroot juice (BRJ), a source of nitric oxide (NO) via the NO3- → nitrite (NO2-) → NO pathway, can improve muscle speed and power in older individuals. It is not known, however, whether this effect is maintained or perhaps even enhanced with repeated ingestion, or if tolerance develops as with organic nitrates, e.g., nitroglycerin. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we therefore studied 16 community-dwelling older (age 71 ± 5 y) individuals after both acute and short-term (i.e., daily for 2 wk) BRJ supplementation. Blood samples were drawn and blood pressure was measured periodically during each ∼3 h experiment, with muscle function determined using isokinetic dynamometry. Acute ingestion of BRJ containing 18.2 ± 6.2 mmol of NO3- increased plasma NO3- and NO2- concentrations 23 ± 11 and 2.7 ± 2.1-fold over placebo, respectively. This was accompanied by 5 ± 11% and 7 ± 13% increases in maximal knee extensor speed (Vmax) and power (Pmax), respectively. After daily supplementation for 2 wk, BRJ ingestion elevated NO3- and NO2- levels 24 ± 12 and 3.3 ± 4.0-fold, respectively, whereas Vmax and Pmax were 7 ± 9% and 9 ± 11% higher than baseline. No changes were observed in blood pressure or in plasma markers of oxidative stress with either acute or short-term NO3- supplementation. We conclude that both acute and short-term dietary NO3- supplementation result in similar improvements in muscle function in older individuals. The magnitudes of these improvements are sufficient to offset the decline resulting from a decade or more of aging and are therefore likely to be clinically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S Zoughaib
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Richard L Hoffman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Brandon A Yates
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ranjani N Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pae BJ, Lee SK, Kim S, Siddiquee AT, Hwang YH, Lee MH, Kim REY, Kim SH, Lee M, Shin C. Effect of physical activity on the change in carotid intima-media thickness: An 8-year prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287685. [PMID: 37352303 PMCID: PMC10289364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a demand for longitudinal studies that use both objective and subjective measures of physical activity to investigate the association of physical activity with the change in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). In order to investigate such association, we conducted an 8-year follow-up study that used both objective and subjective measures of physical activity. METHODS This cohort study used subsamples of the ongoing Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Included participants were between 49 to 79 years of age at baseline. Exclusion criteria included incomplete assessments of pedometer/accelerometer, international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), and baseline CIMT. Participants with a history of cardiovascular diseases were further excluded. Linear regression models were used for the main analysis. Age differences were assessed by stratifying the participants into < 60 years and ≥ 60 years. RESULTS After removing excluded participants, 835 participants were included in the final analysis (age, 59.84 ± 6.53 years; 326 (39.04%) males). 453 participants were < 60 years and 382 participants were ≥ 60 years. The daily total step count was inversely associated with the percent change in overall CIMT over 8-years (β = -0.015, standard error = 0.007, P = 0.034). This association was present among participants in the < 60-year-old group (β = -0.026, standard error = 0.010, P = 0.006), but not among participants in the ≥ 60-year-old group (β = -0.010, standard error = 0.011, P = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that taking preemptive actions of increasing physical activity may prevent the incidence of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Joon Pae
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soriul Kim
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali T. Siddiquee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Hwang
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Lee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Regina E. Y. Kim
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Lee
- College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) is critically important enzyme responsible for regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Under physiological conditions, constitutive eNOS activity and production of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) exert essential neurovascular protective functions. In this review, we first discuss the roles of endothelial NO in prevention of neuronal amyloid accumulation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, hallmarks of Alzheimer disease pathology. Next, we review existing evidence suggesting that NO released from endothelium prevents activation of microglia, stimulates glycolysis in astrocytes, and increases biogenesis of mitochondria. We also address major risk factors for cognitive impairment including aging and ApoE4 (apolipoprotein 4) genotype with focus on their detrimental effects on eNOS/NO signaling. Relevant to this review, recent studies suggested that aged eNOS heterozygous mice are unique model of spontaneous cerebral small vessel disease. In this regard, we review contribution of dysfunctional eNOS to deposition of Aβ (amyloid-β) into blood vessel wall leading to development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We conclude that endothelial dysfunction manifested by the loss of neurovascular protective functions of NO may significantly contribute to development of cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir S. Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Livius V. d’Uscio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Tongrong He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Physical activity and its sustained and purposeful performance-exercise-promote a broad and diverse set of metabolic and cardiovascular health benefits. Regular exercise is the most effective way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, a measure of one's global cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic health, and one of the strongest predictors of future health risk. Here, we describe how exercise affects individual organ systems related to cardiometabolic health, including the promotion of insulin and glucose homeostasis through improved efficiency in skeletal muscle glucose utilization and enhanced insulin sensitivity; beneficial changes in body composition and adiposity; and improved cardiac mechanics and vascular health. We subsequently identify knowledge gaps that remain in exercise science, including heterogeneity in exercise responsiveness. While the application of molecular profiling technologies in exercise science has begun to illuminate the biochemical pathways that govern exercise-induced health promotion, much of this work has focused on individual organ systems and applied single platforms. New insights into exercise-induced secreted small molecules and proteins that impart their effects in distant organs ("exerkines") highlight the need for an integrated approach towards the study of exercise and its global effects; efforts that are ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prashant Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy M. Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Olver TD, Badrov MB, Allen MD, Coverdale NS, Shoemaker JK. Acute changes in forearm vascular compliance during transient sympatho-excitation. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15256. [PMID: 35439367 PMCID: PMC9017978 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of vascular regulation often omits important information about the elastic properties of arteries under conditions of pulsatile flow. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), vascular bed compliance, and peripheral blood flow responses in humans. We hypothesized that increases in MSNA would correlate with reductions in vascular compliance, and that changes in compliance would correspond with changes in peripheral blood flow during sympatho-excitation. MSNA (microneurography), blood pressure (Finopres), and brachial artery blood flow (Doppler ultrasound), were monitored in six healthy males at baseline and during the last 15 s of voluntary end-inspiratory, expiratory apneas and 5 min of static handgrip exercise (SHG; 20% maximum voluntary contraction) and 3 min of post-exercise circulatory occlusion (SHG + PECO; measured in the non-exercising arm). A lumped Windkessel model was employed to examine vascular bed compliance. During apnea, indices of MSNA were inversely related with vascular compliance, and reductions in compliance correlated with decreased brachial blood flow rate. During SHG, despite increased MSNA, compliance also increased, but was unrelated to increases in blood flow. Neither during SHG nor PECO did indices of MSNA correlate with forearm vascular compliance nor did vascular compliance correlate with brachial flow. However, during PECO, a linear combination of blood pressure and total MSNA was correlated with vascular compliance. These data indicate the elastic components of the forearm vasculature are regulated by adrenergic and myogenic mechanisms during sympatho-excitation, but in a reflex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Dylan Olver
- Biomedical SciencesWestern College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Mark B. Badrov
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity Health Network and Sinai HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Matti D. Allen
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationSchool of MedicineQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Nicole S. Coverdale
- School of Kinesiology and Health StudiesQueen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - J. Kevin Shoemaker
- Neurovascular Research LaboratorySchool of KinesiologyThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dieffenbach PB, Aravamudhan A, Fredenburgh LE, Tschumperlin DJ. The Mechanobiology of Vascular Remodeling in the Aging Lung. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:28-38. [PMID: 34514871 PMCID: PMC8742727 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by declining lung function and increasing susceptibility to lung diseases. The role of endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in these changes is supported by growing evidence, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review we summarize functional, structural, and molecular changes in the aging pulmonary vasculature and explore how interacting aging and mechanobiological cues may drive progressive vascular remodeling in the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Dieffenbach
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aja Aravamudhan
- 2Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Laura E. Fredenburgh
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel J. Tschumperlin
- 2Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhong C, Xu M, Boral S, Summer H, Lichtenberger FB, Erdoğan C, Gollasch M, Golz S, Persson PB, Schleifenbaum J, Patzak A, Khedkar PH. Age Impairs Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Function in Mouse Mesenteric Arteries. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111412. [PMID: 34768842 PMCID: PMC8584026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) comes with age, even without overt vessel damage such as that which occurs in atherosclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy. We hypothesized that aging would affect the downstream signalling of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) system in the vascular smooth muscle (VSM). With this in mind, resistance mesenteric arteries were isolated from 13-week (juvenile) and 40-week-old (aged) mice and tested under isometric conditions using wire myography. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation was reduced in aged as compared to juvenile vessels. Pretreatment with L-NAME, which inhibits nitrix oxide synthases (NOS), decreased ACh-mediated vasorelaxation, whereby differences in vasorelaxation between groups disappeared. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was similar in both groups; however, SNP bolus application (10−6 mol L−1) as well as soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation by runcaciguat (10−6 mol L−1) caused faster responses in juvenile vessels. This was accompanied by higher cGMP concentrations and a stronger response to the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil in juvenile vessels. Mesenteric arteries and aortas did not reveal apparent histological differences between groups (van Gieson staining). The mRNA expression of the α1 and α2 subunits of sGC was lower in aged animals, as was PDE5 mRNA expression. In conclusion, vasorelaxation is compromised at an early age in mice even in the absence of histopathological alterations. Vascular smooth muscle sGC is a key element in aged vessel dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Minze Xu
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Sengül Boral
- Institute of Pathology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Holger Summer
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany; (H.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Falk-Bach Lichtenberger
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Cem Erdoğan
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Internal and Geriatric Medicine, University of Greifswald, Geriatric Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Golz
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany; (H.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Johanna Schleifenbaum
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pratik H. Khedkar
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Asenjo-Bueno A, Alcalde-Estévez E, El Assar M, Olmos G, Plaza P, Sosa P, Martínez-Miguel P, Ruiz-Torres MP, López-Ongil S. Hyperphosphatemia-Induced Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance Impairs Vascular Relaxation and Induces Inflammation and Fibrosis in Old Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081308. [PMID: 34439556 PMCID: PMC8389342 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging impairs vascular function, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze whether aging-related hyperphosphatemia is implied in this effect by elucidating the role of oxidative stress. C57BL6 mice that were aged 5 months (young) and 24 months (old), receiving a standard (0.6%) or low-phosphate (0.2%) diet, were used. Isolated mesenteric arteries from old mice showed diminished endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation by the down-regulation of NOS3 expression, increased inflammation and increased fibrosis in isolated aortas, compared to those isolated from young mice. In parallel, increased Nox4 expression and reduced Nrf2, Sod2-Mn and Gpx1 were found in the aortas from old mice, resulting in oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. The low-phosphate diet improved vascular function and oxidant/antioxidant balance in old mice. Mechanisms were analyzed in endothelial (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) treated with the phosphate donor ß-glycerophosphate (BGP). In EC, BGP increased Nox4 expression and ROS production, which reduced NOS3 expression via NFκB. BGP also increased inflammation in EC. In SMC, BGP increased Collagen I and fibronectin expression by priming ROS production and NFκB activity. In conclusion, hyperphosphatemia reduced endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and increased inflammation and vascular fibrosis through an impairment of oxidant/antioxidant balance in old mice. A low-phosphate diet achieved improvements in the vascular function in old mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Asenjo-Bueno
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-B.); (P.P.); (P.M.-M.)
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.-E.); (G.O.); (P.S.); (M.P.R.-T.)
| | - Elena Alcalde-Estévez
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.-E.); (G.O.); (P.S.); (M.P.R.-T.)
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gemma Olmos
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.-E.); (G.O.); (P.S.); (M.P.R.-T.)
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-B.); (P.P.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Patricia Sosa
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.-E.); (G.O.); (P.S.); (M.P.R.-T.)
| | - Patricia Martínez-Miguel
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-B.); (P.P.); (P.M.-M.)
- Servicio de Nefrología del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.-E.); (G.O.); (P.S.); (M.P.R.-T.)
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana López-Ongil
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-B.); (P.P.); (P.M.-M.)
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-887-8100 (ext. 2604); Fax: +34-91-882-2674
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hahad O, Frenis K, Kuntic M, Daiber A, Münzel T. Accelerated Aging and Age-Related Diseases (CVD and Neurological) Due to Air Pollution and Traffic Noise Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2419. [PMID: 33670865 PMCID: PMC7957813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that only approximately 25% of diversity in longevity is explained by genetic factors, while the other 75% is largely determined by interactions with the physical and social environments. Indeed, aging is a multifactorial process that is influenced by a range of environmental, sociodemographic, and biopsychosocial factors, all of which might act in concert to determine the process of aging. The global average life expectancy increased fundamentally over the past century, toward an aging population, correlating with the development and onset of age-related diseases, mainly from cardiovascular and neurological nature. Therefore, the identification of determinants of healthy and unhealthy aging is a major goal to lower the burden and socioeconomic costs of age-related diseases. The role of environmental factors (such as air pollution and noise exposure) as crucial determinants of the aging process are being increasingly recognized. Here, we critically review recent findings concerning the pathomechanisms underlying the aging process and their correlates in cardiovascular and neurological disease, centered on oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the influence of prominent environmental pollutants, namely air pollution and traffic noise exposure, which is suggested to accelerate the aging process. Insight into these types of relationships and appropriate preventive strategies are urgently needed to promote healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.H.); (K.F.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.H.); (K.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.H.); (K.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.H.); (K.F.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.H.); (K.F.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gioscia-Ryan RA, Clayton ZS, Zigler MC, Richey JJ, Cuevas LM, Rossman MJ, Battson ML, Ziemba BP, Hutton DA, VanDongen NS, Seals DR. Lifelong voluntary aerobic exercise prevents age- and Western diet- induced vascular dysfunction, mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. J Physiol 2020; 599:911-925. [PMID: 33103241 DOI: 10.1113/jp280607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The results of the present study establish the temporal pattern of age-related vascular dysfunction across the adult lifespan in sedentary mice consuming a non-Western diet, and the underlying mechanisms The results demonstrate that consuming a Western diet accelerates and exacerbates vascular ageing across the lifespan in sedentary mice They also show that lifelong voluntary aerobic exercise has remarkable protective effects on vascular function throughout the lifespan, in the setting of ageing alone, as well as ageing compounded by Western diet consumption Overall, the results indicate that amelioration of mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation are key mechanisms underlying the voluntary aerobic exercise-associated preservation of vascular function across the lifespan in both the presence and absence of a Western dietary pattern ABSTRACT: Advancing age is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, driven largely by vascular endothelial dysfunction (impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation, EDD) and aortic stiffening (increased aortic pulse wave velocity, aPWV). In humans, vascular ageing occurs in the presence of differences in diet and physical activity, but the interactive effects of these factors are unknown. We assessed carotid artery EDD and aPWV across the lifespan in mice consuming standard (normal) low-fat chow (NC) or a high-fat/high-sucrose Western diet (WD) in the absence (sedentary, SED) or presence (voluntary wheel running, VWR) of aerobic exercise. Ageing impaired nitric oxide-mediated EDD (peak EDD 88 ± 12% 6 months P = 0.003 vs. 59 ± 9% 27 months NC-SED), which was accelerated by WD (60 ± 18% 6 months WD-SED). In NC mice, aPWV increased 32% with age (423 ± 13 cm/s at 24 months P < 0.001 vs. 321 ± 12 cm/s at 6 months) and absolute values were an additional ∼10% higher at any age in WD mice (P = 0.042 vs. NC-SED). Increases in aPWV with age in NC and WD mice were associated with 30-65% increases in aortic intrinsic wall stiffness (6 vs. 19-27 months, P = 0.007). Lifelong aerobic exercise prevented age- and WD-related vascular dysfunction across the lifespan, and this protection appeared to be mediated by mitigation of vascular mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation. Our results depict the temporal impairment of vascular function over the lifespan in mice, acceleration and exacerbation of that dysfunction with WD consumption, the remarkable protective effects of voluntary aerobic exercise, and the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Melanie C Zigler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James J Richey
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Lauren M Cuevas
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Micah L Battson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Brian P Ziemba
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David A Hutton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas S VanDongen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carter SJ, Gruber AH, Raglin JS, Baranauskas MN, Coggan AR. Potential health effects of dietary nitrate supplementation in aging and chronic degenerative disease. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109732. [PMID: 32294579 PMCID: PMC7313402 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, latest projections indicate the number of adults 65 years of age and older is expected to double by 2050. Given that increased oxidative stress is a hallmark of aging, it is understandable that waning nitric oxide and chronic degenerative disease arise in tandem. To this end, translational evidence-based strategies are needed to mitigate the impending toll on personal and public health. Dietary nitrate supplementation, particularly in the form of beetroot juice, is an active area of inquiry that has gained considerable attention in recent years. Compelling evidence has revealed beetroot juice can elicit potent physiological responses that may offer associated health benefits for multiple clinical disorders including hypertension, dementia, and sarcopenia. Even in the absence of overt disease, age-related impairments in cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function may uniquely benefit from beetroot juice supplementation as evidence has shown blood pressure lowering effects and improved muscle function/contractility - presumably from increased nitric oxide bioavailability. This, in turn, presents a practical opportunity for susceptible populations to support ease of movement and exercise tolerance, both of which may promote free-living physical activity. A theoretical rationale details the potential health effects of dietary nitrate supplementation, wherein a working framework hypothesizes beetroot juice consumption prior to structured exercise training may offer synergistic benefits to aid healthy aging and independent-living among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Allison H Gruber
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - John S Raglin
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gioscia-Ryan RA, Clayton ZS, Fleenor BS, Eng JS, Johnson LC, Rossman MJ, Zigler MC, Evans TD, Seals DR. Late-life voluntary wheel running reverses age-related aortic stiffness in mice: a translational model for studying mechanisms of exercise-mediated arterial de-stiffening. GeroScience 2020; 43:423-432. [PMID: 32529594 PMCID: PMC8050175 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic stiffening, assessed as pulse-wave velocity (PWV), increases with age and is an important antecedent to, and independent predictor of, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other clinical disorders of aging. Aerobic exercise promotes lower levels of aortic stiffness in older adults, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, largely due to inherent challenges of mechanistic studies of large elastic arteries in humans. Voluntary wheel running (VWR) is distinct among experimental animal exercise paradigms in that it allows investigation of the physiologic effects of aerobic training without potential confounding influences of aversive molecular signaling related to forced exercise. In this study, we investigated whether VWR in mice may be a suitable model for mechanistic studies (i.e., "reverse translation") of the beneficial effects of exercise on arterial stiffness in humans. We found that 10 weeks of VWR in old mice (~ 28 months) reversed age-related elevations in aortic PWV assessed in vivo (Old VWR: 369 ± 19 vs. old sedentary: 439 ± 20 cm/s, P < 0.05). The de-stiffening effects of VWR were accompanied by normalization of age-related increases in ex vivo mechanical stiffness of aortic segments and aortic accumulation of collagen-I and advanced glycation end products, as well as lower levels of aortic superoxide and nitrotyrosine. Our results suggest that late-life VWR in mice recapitulates the aortic de-stiffening effects of exercise in humans and indicates important mechanistic roles for decreased oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, VWR is a suitable model for further study of the mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of exercise on arterial stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Zachary S. Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | | | - Jason S. Eng
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Lawrence C. Johnson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Matthew J. Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Melanie C. Zigler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Trent D. Evans
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Leloup AJA, Van Hove CE, De Moudt S, De Keulenaer GW, Fransen P. Ex vivo aortic stiffness in mice with different eNOS activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1233-H1244. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00737.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial function and NO bioavailability are important determinants of aortic biomechanics and function. With a new technique we investigated the ex vivo aortic segment biomechanics of different mouse models with altered NO signaling. Our experiments clearly show that chronic distortion of NO signaling triggered several compensatory mechanisms that reflect the organism’s attempt to maintain optimal central hemodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. A. Leloup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cor E. Van Hove
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilles W. De Keulenaer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Middelheim Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Luttrell M, Kim H, Shin SY, Holly D, Massett MP, Woodman CR. Heterogeneous effect of aging on vasorelaxation responses in large and small arteries. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14341. [PMID: 31960593 PMCID: PMC6971410 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with impaired vascular function characterized in part by attenuated vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Due to structural and functional differences between conduit and resistance arteries, the effect of aging on vasorelaxation responses may vary along the arterial tree. Our purpose was to determine age-related differences in vasorelaxation responses in large and small arteries. Responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh) and the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assessed in abdominal aorta (AA), iliac arteries (IA), femoral arteries (FA), and gastrocnemius feed arteries (GFA) from young and old male rats. ACh-mediated vasorelaxation was significantly impaired in old AA and IA. SNP-mediated vasorelaxation was impaired in old AA. To investigate a potential mechanism for impaired relaxation responses in AA and IA, we assessed eNOS protein content and interactions with caveolin-1 (Cav-1), and calmodulin (CaM) via immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis. We found no age differences in eNOS content or interactions with Cav1 and CaM. Combined data from all rats revealed that eNOS content was higher in IA compared to AA and FA (p < .001), and was higher in GFA than AA (p < .05). Cav1:eNOS interaction was greater in FA than in AA and IA (p < .01), and in GFA compared to IA (p < .05). No differences in CaM:eNOS were detected. In conclusion, age-related impairment of vasorelaxation responses occurred in the large conduit, but not small conduit or resistance arteries. These detrimental effects of age were not associated with changes in eNOS or its interactions with Cav-1 or CaM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Luttrell
- Department of Health & KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas
| | - Hyoseon Kim
- Department of Health & KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas
- Present address:
Department of Kinesiology and Sport ManagementTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexas
| | - Song Yi Shin
- Department of Health & KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas
| | - Dylan Holly
- Department of Health & KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas
| | - Michael P. Massett
- Department of Health & KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas
- Present address:
Department of Kinesiology and Sport ManagementTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexas
| | - Christopher R. Woodman
- Department of Health & KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & PharmacologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
New Insights for Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Herbal Medicine as Potential Therapeutic Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4598167. [PMID: 31915506 PMCID: PMC6930799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4598167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive disease affecting around 900 million people worldwide, and in recent years, the mechanism of aging and aging-related diseases has been well studied. Treatments for aging-related diseases have also made progress. For the long-term treatment of aging-related diseases, herbal medicine is particularly suitable for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and aging-related diseases, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy and exosome interactions, mitochondrial injury, and telomerase damage, and summarize commonly used herbals and compounds concerned with the development of aging-related diseases, including Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Radix astragali, Lycium barbarum, Rhodiola rosea, Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum chuanxiong, resveratrol, curcumin, and flavonoids. We also summarize key randomized controlled trials of herbal medicine for aging-related diseases during the past ten years. Adverse reactions of herbs were also described. It is expected to provide new insights for slowing aging and treating aging-related diseases with herbal medicine.
Collapse
|
20
|
Craighead DH, Freeberg KA, Seals DR. The protective role of regular aerobic exercise on vascular function with aging. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
21
|
Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153664. [PMID: 31357449 PMCID: PMC6695820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is an age-related disorder. In the medial layer of arteries, mechanical fracture due to fatigue failure for the pulsatile wall strain causes medial degeneration vascular remodeling. The alteration of extracellular matrix composition and arterial geometry result in structural arterial stiffness. Calcium deposition and other factors such as advanced glycation end product-mediated collagen cross-linking aggravate the structural arterial stiffness. On the other hand, endothelial dysfunction is a cause of arterial stiffness. The biological molecular mechanisms relating to aging are known to involve the progression of arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness further applies stress on large arteries and also microcirculation. Therefore, it is closely related to adverse outcomes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a promising diagnostic tool for evaluating arterial stiffness. The principle is based on stiffness parameter β, which is an index intended to assess the distensibility of carotid artery. Stiffness parameter β is a two-dimensional technique obtained from changes of arterial diameter by pulse in one section. CAVI applied the stiffness parameter β to all of the arterial segments between heart and ankle using pulse wave velocity. CAVI has been commercially available for a decade and the clinical data of its effectiveness has accumulated. The characteristics of CAVI differ from other physiological tests of arterial stiffness due to the independency from blood pressure at the time of examination. This review describes the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness and CAVI. Molecular mechanisms will also be covered.
Collapse
|
22
|
Leloup AJA, Van Hove CE, De Moudt S, De Meyer GRY, De Keulenaer GW, Fransen P. Vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation in the isolated aorta: a critical regulator of large artery compliance. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13934. [PMID: 30810292 PMCID: PMC6391714 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, isometric contraction studies of isolated thoracic aorta segments have significantly contributed to our overall understanding of the active, contractile properties of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and their cross-talk with endothelial cells. However, the physiological role of VSMC contraction or relaxation in the healthy aorta and its contribution to the pulse-smoothening capacity of the aorta is currently unclear. Therefore, we investigated the acute effects of VSMC contraction and relaxation on the isobaric biomechanical properties of healthy mouse aorta. An in-house developed set-up was used to measure isobaric stiffness parameters of periodically stretched (10 Hz) aortic segments at an extended pressure range, while pharmacologically modulating VSMC tone and endothelial cell function. We found that the effects of α1-adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine on the pressure-stiffness relationship varied in sensitivity, magnitude and direction, with the basal, unstimulated NO production by the endothelium playing a pivotal role. We also investigated how arterial disease affected this system by using the angiotensin-II-treated mouse. Our results show that isobaric stiffness was increased and that the aortic segments demonstrated a reduced capacity for modulating the pressure-stiffness relationship. This suggests that not only increased isobaric stiffness at normal pressure, but also a reduced capacity of the VSMCs to limit the pressure-associated increase in aortic stiffness, may contribute to the pathogenesis of this mouse model. Overall, this study provides more insight in how aortic VSMC tone affects the pressure-dependency of aortic biomechanics at different physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. A. Leloup
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Cor E. Van Hove
- Laboratory of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Guido R. Y. De Meyer
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Gilles W. De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Armstrong DMF, Sikka G, Armstrong ADC, Saad KR, Freitas WRD, Berkowitz DE, Fagundes DJ, Santhanam L, Taha MO. Knockdown of transglutaminase-2 prevents early age-induced vascular changes in mice1. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 33:991-999. [PMID: 30517326 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180110000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the absence of transglutaminase 2 enzyme (TG2) in TG2 knockout mice (TG2-/-) protect them against early age-related functional and histological arterial changes. METHODS Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured using non-invasive Doppler and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured in awake mice using tail-cuff system. Thoracic aortas were excised for evaluation of endothelial dependent vasodilation (EDV) by wire myography, as well as histological analyses. RESULTS PWV and MAP were similar in TG2-/-mice to age-matched wild type (WT) control mice. Old WT mice exhibited a markedly attenuated EDV as compared to young WT animals. The TG2-/-young and old mice had enhanced EDV responses (p<0.01) as compared to WT mice. There was a significant increase in TG2 crosslinks by IHC in WT old group compared to Young, with no stain in the TG2-/-animals. Optical microscopy examination of Old WT mice aorta showed thinning and fragmentation of elastic laminae. Young WT mice, old and young TG2-/-mice presented regularly arranged and parallel elastic laminae of the tunica media. CONCLUSION The genetic suppression of TG2 delays the age-induced endothelial dysfunction and histological modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinani Matoso Filho Armstrong
- MSc, Assistant Professor, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina-PE, Brazil. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; manuscript preparation and writing
| | - Gautam Sikka
- Fellow PhD degree, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore-MD, USA. Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data
| | - Anderson da Costa Armstrong
- PhD, Associate Professor, Medical School, UNIVASF, Petrolina-PE, Brazil. Analysis and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, critical revision
| | - Karen Ruggeri Saad
- PhD, Associate Professor, Medical School, UNIVASF, Petrolina-PE, Brazil. Substantive scientific and intellectual contributions to the study, critical revision
| | - William Rodrigues de Freitas
- PhD, Associate Professor, Medical School, UNIVASF, Petrolina-PE, Brazil. Histopathological examinations, acquisition and interpretation of data
| | - Dan Ezra Berkowitz
- MBBCh, Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, JHU, Baltimore-MD, USA. Substantive scientific and intellectual contributions to the study
| | - Djalma José Fagundes
- PhD, Full Professor, Division of Surgical Techniques and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. Conception and design of the study, critical revision
| | - Lakshmi Santhanam
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, JHU, Baltimore-MD, USA. Conception and design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data
| | - Murched Omar Taha
- PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Surgical Techniques and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Conception and design of the study, critical revision, final approval
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ross M, Lithgow H, Hayes L, Florida-James G. Potential Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Exercise and Physical Activity on the Ageing Process. Subcell Biochem 2019; 91:311-338. [PMID: 30888658 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exercise in young adults has been consistently shown to improve various aspects of physiological and psychological health but we are now realising the potential benefits of exercise with advancing age. Specifically, exercise improves cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and metabolic health through reductions in oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation and modulating cellular processes within a variety of tissues. In this this chapter we will discuss the effects of acute and chronic exercise on these processes and conditions in an ageing population, and how physical activity affects our vasculature, skeletal muscle function, our immune system, and cardiometabolic risk in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ross
- School of Applied Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Hannah Lithgow
- School of Applied Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Lawrence Hayes
- Active Ageing Research Group, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ross MD. Endothelial Regenerative Capacity and Aging: Influence of Diet, Exercise and Obesity. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:233-244. [PMID: 30047332 PMCID: PMC6300798 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666180726112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The endothelium plays an important role in cardiovascular regulation, from blood flow to platelet aggregation, immune cell infiltration and demargination. A dysfunctional endo-thelium leads to the onset and progression of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). The aging endothelium displays significant alterations in function, such as reduced vasomotor functions and reduced angio-genic capabilities. This could be partly due to elevated levels of oxidative stress and reduced endothe-lial cell turnover. Circulating angiogenic cells, such as Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) play a significant role in maintaining endothelial health and function, by supporting endothelial cell prolifera-tion, or via incorporation into the vasculature and differentiation into mature endothelial cells. Howev-er, these cells are reduced in number and function with age, which may contribute to the elevated CVD risk in this population. However, lifestyle factors, such as exercise, physical activity obesity, and dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, nitrates, and antioxidants, significantly af-fect the number and function of these circulating angiogenic cells. Conclusion: This review will discuss the effects of advancing age on endothelial health and vascular regenerative capacity, as well as the influence of diet, exercise, and obesity on these cells, the mecha-nistic links and the subsequent impact on cardiovascular health
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Advancing age promotes cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States and many developed nations. Two major age-related arterial phenotypes, large elastic artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction, are independent predictors of future CVD diagnosis and likely are responsible for the development of CVD in older adults. Not limited to traditional CVD, these age-related changes in the vasculature also contribute to other age-related diseases that influence mammalian health span and potential life span. This review explores mechanisms that influence age-related large elastic artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction at the tissue level via inflammation and oxidative stress and at the cellular level via Klotho and energy-sensing pathways (AMPK [AMP-activated protein kinase], SIRT [sirtuins], and mTOR [mammalian target of rapamycin]). We also discuss how long-term calorie restriction-a health span- and life span-extending intervention-can prevent many of these age-related vascular phenotypes through the prevention of deleterious alterations in these mechanisms. Lastly, we discuss emerging novel mechanisms of vascular aging, including senescence and genomic instability within cells of the vasculature. As the population of older adults steadily expands, elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular dysfunction with age is critical to better direct appropriate and measured strategies that use pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to reduce risk of CVD within this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Donato
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Daniel R. Machin
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Han S, Aydin MM, Akansel S, Usanmaz SE, Akçali C, Uludağ MO, Demirel Yilmaz E. Age- and sex-dependent alteration of functions and epigenetic modifications of vessel and endothelium related biomarkers. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:286-296. [PMID: 30814892 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1803-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a main risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases associated with the impairment of endothelial function in both sexes. In the present study, age-related changes in vascular responsiveness, epigenetic modifications of vessel wall, and blood biomarkers related to endothelial functions were examined in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxations of the aorta were decreased in 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old rats compared to those in 1-month-old female rats. In males, maximum relaxations related to ACh were higher in 1- and 6-month-old rats than in 3- and 12-month-old rats. Plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) decreased with age in female rats, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) levels displayed biphasic alterations. In male rats, plasma levels of NO, TAC, and ADMA decreased with age, and H2S levels increased. Aging also caused a sex-dependent alteration in epigenetic modification of vessels. Expressions of H3K27me2, H3K27me3, H3K36me2, and H3K36me3 were much higher in vessels of 12-month-old female rats compared to those in younger age groups. These results indicate that vascular functions, epigenetic modifications of vessels, and plasma levels of endothelium-related biomarkers are affected by age and sex. These findings could be important for the assessment of vascular status over the course of the life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Muammer Merve Aydin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serdar Akansel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Turkey
| | - Suzan Emel Usanmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Turkey
| | - Can Akçali
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mecit Orhan Uludağ
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emine Demirel Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gogulamudi VR, Cai J, Lesniewski LA. Reversing age-associated arterial dysfunction: insight from preclinical models. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1860-1870. [PMID: 29745797 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00086.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading causes of death in the United States, and advancing age is a primary risk factor. Impaired endothelium-dependent dilation and increased stiffening of the arteries with aging are independent predictors of CVD. Increased tissue and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation underlie this age-associated arterial dysfunction. Calorie restriction (CR) is the most powerful intervention known to increase life span and improve age-related phenotypes, including arterial dysfunction. However, the translatability of long-term CR to clinical populations is limited, stimulating interest in the pursuit of pharmacological CR mimetics to reproduce the beneficial effects of CR. The energy-sensing pathways, mammalian target of rapamycin, AMPK, and sirtuin-1 have all been implicated in the beneficial effects of CR on longevity and/or physiological function and, as such, have emerged as potential targets for therapeutic intervention as CR mimetics. Although manipulation of each of these pathways has CR-like benefits on arterial function, the magnitude and/or mechanisms can be disparate from that of CR. Nevertheless, targeting these pathways in older individuals may provide some benefits against arterial dysfunction and CVD. The goal of this review is to provide a brief discussion of the mechanisms and pathways underlying age-associated dysfunction in large arteries, explain how these are impacted by CR, and to present the available evidence, suggesting that targets for energy-sensing pathways may act as vascular CR mimetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinjin Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Nowak
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.).
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
| | - Michel Chonchol
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
| | - Douglas R Seals
- From the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (K.L.N., M.C.); and University of Colorado Boulder (M.J.R., D.R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Naik VD, Davis-Anderson K, Subramanian K, Lunde-Young R, Nemec MJ, Ramadoss J. Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Binge Alcohol Exposure-Induced Uterine Artery Dysfunction in Pregnant Rat. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:682-690. [PMID: 29363778 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cardinal feature of fetal alcohol syndrome is growth restriction. Maternal uterine artery adaptations to pregnancy correlate with birthweight and survival. We hypothesized that gestational binge alcohol exposure impairs maternal uterine vascular function, affecting endothelial nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation. METHODS Pregnant rats grouped as pair-fed control or binge alcohol exposed received a once-daily, orogastric gavage of isocaloric maltose-dextrin or alcohol, respectively. On gestational day 20, primary uterine arteries were isolated, cannulated, and connected to a pressure transducer, and functional studies were conducted by dual-chamber arteriography. Uterine arteries maintained at constant intramural pressure (90 mm Hg) were maximally constricted with thromboxane, and a dose-response for acetylcholine (Ach) was recorded. RESULTS The alcohol group exhibited significantly impaired endothelium-dependent, Ach-induced uterine artery relaxation (↓∼30%). Subsequently, a dose-response was recorded following inhibition of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (apamin and TRAM-34) and prostacyclin (indomethacin). Ach-induced relaxation in the pair-fed control decreased by ~46%, and interestingly, relaxation in alcohol group further decreased by an additional ~48%, demonstrating that gestational binge alcohol impairs the NO system in the primary uterine artery. An endothelium-independent sodium nitroprusside effect was not observed. Immunoblotting indicated that alcohol decreased the level of endothelial excitatory P-Ser1177 endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (p < 0.05) and total eNOS expression (p < 0.05) compared to both the normal and pair-fed controls. P-Ser1177 eNOS level was also confirmed by immunofluorescence imaging. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate maternal binge alcohol consumption during pregnancy disrupts uterine artery vascular function via impairment of the eNOS vasodilatory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal D Naik
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Katie Davis-Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kaviarasan Subramanian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Raine Lunde-Young
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Matthew J Nemec
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jayanth Ramadoss
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu X, Wang B, Ren C, Hu J, Greenberg DA, Chen T, Xie L, Jin K. Recent Progress in Vascular Aging: Mechanisms and Its Role in Age-related Diseases. Aging Dis 2017; 8:486-505. [PMID: 28840062 PMCID: PMC5524810 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As with many age-related diseases including vascular dysfunction, age is considered an independent and crucial risk factor. Complicated alterations of structure and function in the vasculature are linked with aging hence, understanding the underlying mechanisms of age-induced vascular pathophysiological changes holds possibilities for developing clinical diagnostic methods and new therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss the underlying molecular mediators that could be involved in vascular aging, e.g., the renin-angiotensin system and pro-inflammatory factors, metalloproteinases, calpain-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and TGFβ-1 as well as the potential roles of testosterone and estrogen. We then relate all of these to clinical manifestations such as vascular dementia and stroke in addition to reviewing the existing clinical measurements and potential interventions for age-related vascular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Xu
- 1Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brian Wang
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Changhong Ren
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.,4Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Tianxiang Chen
- 6Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Xie
- 3Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li T, Chen Y, Gua C, Li X. Elevated Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels Contribute to Endothelial Dysfunction in Aged Rats through Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Front Physiol 2017; 8:350. [PMID: 28611682 PMCID: PMC5447752 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction, a characteristic of the aging process, is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in aging. Although, vascular inflammation and oxidative stress are major contributors to endothelial dysfunction in aging, the underlying mechanisms during the aging process are not fully understood. Accumulating evidence reveals that gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. We tested the hypothesis that aging increases circulating TMAO levels, which induce vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in age-associated endothelial dysfunction. Old (22-mo-old) and young (4-mo-old) Fischer-344 rats were treated without (control) or with 1.0% 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB, an inhibitor of trimethylamine formation) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Compared with young control group, old control group had markedly higher plasma TMAO levels, which were reduced by DMB treatment. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of aorta in response to acetylcholine was impaired in old control group compared with young control group as indicated by decreased maximal relaxation (Emax) and reduced area under the curve (AUC). Emax and AUC were both normalized in old rats treated with DMB. No difference in endothelial-independent relaxation in response to sodium nitroprusside was observed among groups. Molecular studies revealed that old control group exhibits increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and superoxide production, and decreased expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) in the aorta, all of which were restored by DMB treatment. These results suggest that aging increases circulating TMAO levels, which may impair eNOS-derived NO bioavailability by increasing vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, contributing to aging-associated endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Chaojun Gua
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Contreras A, Orozco AF, Resende M, Schutt RC, Traverse JH, Henry TD, Lai D, Cooke JP, Bolli R, Cohen ML, Moyé L, Pepine CJ, Yang PC, Perin EC, Willerson JT, Taylor DA. Identification of cardiovascular risk factors associated with bone marrow cell subsets in patients with STEMI: a biorepository evaluation from the CCTRN TIME and LateTIME clinical trials. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:3. [PMID: 27882430 PMCID: PMC5760218 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) therapy for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has produced inconsistent results, possibly due to BM-MNC product heterogeneity. Patient-specific cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) may contribute to variations in BM-MNC composition. We sought to identify associations between BM-MNC subset frequencies and specific CRFs in STEMI patients. Bone marrow was collected from 191 STEMI patients enrolled in the CCTRN TIME and LateTIME trials. Relationships between BM-MNC subsets and CRFs were determined with multivariate analyses. An assessment of CRFs showed that hyperlipidemia and hypertension were associated with a higher frequency of CD11b+ cells (P = 0.045 and P = 0.016, respectively). In addition, we found that females had lower frequencies of CD11b+ (P = 0.018) and CD45+CD14+ (P = 0.028) cells than males, age was inversely associated with the frequency of CD45+CD31+ cells (P = 0.001), smoking was associated with a decreased frequency of CD45+CD31+ cells (P = 0.013), glucose level was positively associated with the frequency of CD45+CD3+ cells, and creatinine level (an indicator of renal function) was inversely associated with the frequency of CD45+CD3+ cells (P = 0.015). In conclusion, the frequencies of monocytic, lymphocytic, and angiogenic BM-MNCs varied in relation to patients' CRFs. These phenotypic variations may affect cell therapy outcomes and might be an important consideration when selecting patients for and reviewing results from autologous cell therapy trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert C Schutt
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jay H Traverse
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Dejian Lai
- UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Lem Moyé
- UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Carl J Pepine
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guers JJ, Prisby RD, Edwards DG, Lennon-Edwards S. Intermittent parathyroid hormone administration attenuates endothelial dysfunction in old rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:76-81. [PMID: 27815368 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00348.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is characterized by a decline in endothelial function. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration has been shown to increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of intermittent PTH administration on aortic endothelial function in old rodents. We hypothesized that intermittent PTH administration would improve endothelial function in older rodents. Old (24-mo-old) and young (4-mo-old) Fischer-344 rats were given 10 injections of PTH 1-34 (43 μg·kg-1·day-1) or phosphate-buffered saline (100 μl/day) over 15 days. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings in response to acetylcholine (10-9 to 10-5 M) was significantly impaired in old control (OC) compared with young control (YC) as indicated by a reduced area under the curve (AUC, 100 ± 6.28 vs. 54.08 ± 8.3%; P < 0.05) and impaired maximal relaxation (Emax, 70.1 ± 4.48 vs. 92.9 ± 4.38%; P < 0.05). Emax was improved in old animals treated with PTH (OPTH) (OC, 70.1 ± 4.48 vs. OPTH, 85 ± 7.48%; P < 0.05) as well as AUC (OC, 54.08 ± 8.3 vs. OPTH, 82.5 ± 5.7%; P < 0.05) while logEC50 was not different. Endothelial-independent relaxation in response to sodium nitroprusside was not different among groups. Aortic eNOS protein expression was significantly decreased in OC compared with YC (P < 0.05). PTH treatment restored eNOS expression in OPTH animals (P < 0.05). These data suggest that PTH may play a role in attenuating age-related impairments in aortic endothelial function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have demonstrated that intermittent parathyroid hormone administration can rescue age-related vascular dysfunction by improving endothelial-dependent dilation in the aorta of older rodents. This demonstrates a novel potential benefit of parathyroid hormone administration in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Guers
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Rhonda D Prisby
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Shannon Lennon-Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shimosato T, Tawa M, Iwasaki H, Imamura T, Okamura T. Aging does not affect soluble guanylate cyclase redox state in mouse aortas. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/10/e12816. [PMID: 27233303 PMCID: PMC4886176 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with endothelial dysfunction, defined as a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Although the redox state of the NO acceptor soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is another determinant factor for its bioavailability and is disturbed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) known to be increased with age, it is unclear whether aging actually has an impact on vascular sGC redox equilibrium. Therefore, this study investigated this issue using two different types of compounds, the sGC stimulator BAY 41‐2272 and the sGC activator BAY 60‐2770. Plasma thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) levels were markedly higher in aged (19–20 months old) mice than in young (2–3 months old) mice, whereas superoxide levels in endothelium‐denuded aortas were not different between the groups. The relaxant response of endothelium‐denuded aortas to either BAY 41‐2272 or BAY 60‐2770 was identical in aged and young mice. In addition, the vascular cGMP production stimulated with BAY 41‐2272 or BAY 60‐2770 in aged mice was the same level as that in young mice. These findings suggest that aging accompanied by an increase in systemic oxidative stress does not affect vascular smooth muscle ROS generation and sGC redox equilibrium. Unless ROS are increased in vascular smooth muscle, the sGC redox equilibrium might remain unchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimosato
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iwasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomio Okamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Forte M, Conti V, Damato A, Ambrosio M, Puca AA, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Vecchione C, Carrizzo A. Targeting Nitric Oxide with Natural Derived Compounds as a Therapeutic Strategy in Vascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7364138. [PMID: 27651855 PMCID: PMC5019908 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7364138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within the family of endogenous gasotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO) is the smallest gaseous intercellular messenger involved in the modulation of several processes, such as blood flow and platelet aggregation control, essential to maintain vascular homeostasis. NO is produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and its effects are mediated by cGMP-dependent or cGMP-independent mechanisms. Growing evidence suggests a crosstalk between the NO signaling and the occurrence of oxidative stress in the onset and progression of vascular diseases, such as hypertension, heart failure, ischemia, and stroke. For these reasons, NO is considered as an emerging molecular target for developing therapeutic strategies for cardio- and cerebrovascular pathologies. Several natural derived compounds, such as polyphenols, are now proposed as modulators of NO-mediated pathways. The aim of this review is to highlight the experimental evidence on the involvement of nitric oxide in vascular homeostasis focusing on the therapeutic potential of targeting NO with some natural compounds in patients with vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Valeria Conti
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Antonio Damato
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Annibale A. Puca
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Baronissi, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Padilla J, Ramirez-Perez FI, Habibi J, Bostick B, Aroor AR, Hayden MR, Jia G, Garro M, DeMarco VG, Manrique C, Booth FW, Martinez-Lemus LA, Sowers JR. Regular Exercise Reduces Endothelial Cortical Stiffness in Western Diet-Fed Female Mice. Hypertension 2016; 68:1236-1244. [PMID: 27572153 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that Western diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance promotes endothelial cortical stiffness in young female mice. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that regular aerobic exercise would attenuate the development of endothelial and whole artery stiffness in female Western diet-fed mice. Four-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into sedentary (ie, caged confined, n=6) or regular exercise (ie, access to running wheels, n=7) conditions for 16 weeks. Exercise training improved glucose tolerance in the absence of changes in body weight and body composition. Compared with sedentary mice, exercise-trained mice exhibited reduced endothelial cortical stiffness in aortic explants (sedentary 11.9±1.7 kPa versus exercise 5.5±1.0 kPa; P<0.05), as assessed by atomic force microscopy. This effect of exercise was not accompanied by changes in aortic pulse wave velocity (P>0.05), an in vivo measure of aortic stiffness. In comparison, exercise reduced femoral artery stiffness in isolated pressurized arteries and led to an increase in femoral internal artery diameter and wall cross-sectional area (P<0.05), indicative of outward hypertrophic remodeling. These effects of exercise were associated with an increase in femoral artery elastin content and increased number of fenestrae in the internal elastic lamina (P<0.05). Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that the aortic endothelium is highly plastic and, thus, amenable to reductions in stiffness with regular aerobic exercise in the absence of changes in in vivo whole aortic stiffness. Comparatively, the same level of exercise caused destiffening effects in peripheral muscular arteries, such as the femoral artery, that perfuse the working limbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Padilla
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Javad Habibi
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Brian Bostick
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Guanghong Jia
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Mona Garro
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Camila Manrique
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Frank W Booth
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology (J.P., F.W.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (J.P., F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), Department of Child Health (J.P.), Department of Biological Engineering (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.B.), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (J.H., A.R.A., M.R.H., G.J., M.G., V.G.D., C.M., J.R.S.), Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.), and Biomedical Sciences (F.W.B.), University of Missouri; and Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (J.R.S.).
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leloup AJA, Van Hove CE, Kurdi A, De Moudt S, Martinet W, De Meyer GRY, Schrijvers DM, De Keulenaer GW, Fransen P. A novel set-up for the ex vivo analysis of mechanical properties of mouse aortic segments stretched at physiological pressure and frequency. J Physiol 2016; 594:6105-6115. [PMID: 27256450 DOI: 10.1113/jp272623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Cyclic stretch is known to alter intracellular pathways involved in vessel tone regulation. We developed a novel set-up that allows straightforward characterization of the biomechanical properties of the mouse aorta while stretched at a physiological heart rate (600 beats min-1 ). Active vessel tone was shown to have surprisingly large effects on isobaric stiffness. The effect of structural vessel wall alterations was confirmed using a genetic mouse model. This set-up will contribute to a better understanding of how active vessel wall components and mechanical stimuli such as stretch frequency and amplitude regulate aortic mechanics. ABSTRACT Cyclic stretch is a major contributor to vascular function. However, isolated mouse aortas are frequently studied at low stretch frequency or even in isometric conditions. Pacing experiments in rodents and humans show that arterial compliance is stretch frequency dependent. The Rodent Oscillatory Tension Set-up to study Arterial Compliance is an in-house developed organ bath set-up that clamps aortic segments to imposed preloads at physiological rates up to 600 beats min-1 . The technique enables us to derive pressure-diameter loops and assess biomechanical properties of the segment. To validate the applicability of this set-up we aimed to confirm the effects of distension pressure and vascular smooth muscle tone on arterial stiffness. At physiological stretch frequency (10 Hz), the Peterson modulus (EP ; 293 (10) mmHg) for wild-type mouse aorta increased 22% upon a rise in pressure from 80-120 mmHg to 100-140 mmHg, while, at normal pressure, EP increased 80% upon maximal contraction of the vascular smooth muscle cells. We further validated the method using a mouse model with a mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene and an endothelial nitric oxide synthase knock-out model. Both models are known to have increased arterial stiffness, and this was confirmed using the set-up. To our knowledge, this is the first set-up that facilitates the study of biomechanical properties of mouse aortic segments at physiological stretch frequency and pressure. We believe that this set-up can contribute to a better understanding of how cyclic stretch frequency, amplitude and active vessel wall components influence arterial stiffening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J A Leloup
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Cor E Van Hove
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ammar Kurdi
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien M Schrijvers
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilles W De Keulenaer
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Glenn JM, Gray M, Jensen A, Stone MS, Vincenzo JL. Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players. Eur J Sport Sci 2016; 16:1095-103. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1158321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
40
|
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor promotes aging phenotypes across species. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19618. [PMID: 26790370 PMCID: PMC4726214 DOI: 10.1038/srep19618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) induces drug metabolizing enzymes as well as regulators of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Certain AhR ligands promote atherosclerosis, an age-associated vascular disease. Therefore, we investigated the role of AhR in vascular functionality and aging. We report a lower pulse wave velocity in young and old AhR-deficient mice, indicative of enhanced vessel elasticity. Moreover, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) showed increased activity in the aortas of these animals, which was reflected in increased NO production. Ex vivo, AhR activation reduced the migratory capacity of primary human endothelial cells. AhR overexpression as well as treatment with a receptor ligand, impaired eNOS activation and reduced S-NO content. All three are signs of endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, AhR expression in blood cells of healthy human volunteers positively correlated with vessel stiffness. In the aging model Caenorhabditis elegans, AhR-deficiency resulted in increased mean life span, motility, pharynx pumping and heat shock resistance, suggesting healthier aging. Thus, AhR seems to have a negative impact on vascular and organismal aging. Finally, our data from human subjects suggest that AhR expression levels could serve as an additional, new predictor of vessel aging.
Collapse
|
41
|
Augustine JA, Lefferts WK, Dowthwaite JN, Brann LS, Brutsaert TD, Heffernan KS. Subclinical atherosclerotic risk in endurance-trained premenopausal amenorrheic women. Atherosclerosis 2015; 244:157-64. [PMID: 26647371 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In premenopausal women, amenorrhea contributes to endothelial dysfunction. It is unknown whether this vascular functional change is associated with vascular structural change. METHODS This study examined regional and systemic vascular structure and function to gain insight into subclinical atherosclerotic risk in 10 amenorrheic athletes, 18 eumenorrheic athletes, and 15 recreationally active controls. Brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and low flow mediated constriction (L-FMC) were used to measure global endothelial function. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was used to measure aortic stiffness. Doppler-ultrasound of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) was used to assess intima-media thickness (IMT) and vessel diameter as indicators of vascular remodeling. RESULTS Amenorrheic athletes had significantly lower brachial FMD adjusted for shear stimulus (6.9 ± 1.3%) compared with eumenorrheic athletes (11.0 ± 1.0%) and controls (11.0 ± 1.1%, p = 0.05). Brachial L-FMC (-1.8 ± 4.3%) and aortic PWV (5.0 ± 1.0 m/s) of amenorrheic athletes were similar to those of eumenorrheic athletes (L-FMC, -1.6 ± 4.6%; PWV, 4.6 ± 0.5 m/s) and controls (L-FMC, -1.5 ± 2.8%, p = 0.98; PWV, 5.4 ± 0.7 m/s, p = 0.15). SFA diameters were similar in amenorrheic athletes (5.7 ± 0.7 mm) and eumenorrheic athletes (5.7 ± 0.7 mm), but amenorrheic athletes had larger SFA diameters compared with controls (5.1 ± 0.6 mm, p = 0.04). In amenorrheic athletes, SFA IMT (0.31 ± 0.03 mm) was similar to that of eumenorrheic athletes (0.35 ± 0.07 mm) but significantly thinner compared to that of controls (0.38 ± 0.06, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Vascular dysfunction in female amenorrheic athletes is not systemic. Parenthetically, amenorrhea may not prevent favorable peripheral vascular structural adaptations to habitual exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley K Lefferts
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Lynn S Brann
- Department of Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tom D Brutsaert
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kevin S Heffernan
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vascular Ageing and Exercise: Focus on Cellular Reparative Processes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3583956. [PMID: 26697131 PMCID: PMC4678076 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3583956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with an increased risk of developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased risk can be attributable to increased prolonged exposure to oxidative stress. Often, CVD is preceded by endothelial dysfunction, which carries with it a proatherothrombotic phenotype. Endothelial senescence and reduced production and release of nitric oxide (NO) are associated with “vascular ageing” and are often accompanied by a reduced ability for the body to repair vascular damage, termed “reendothelialization.” Exercise has been repeatedly shown to confer protection against CVD and diabetes risk and incidence. Regular exercise promotes endothelial function and can prevent endothelial senescence, often through a reduction in oxidative stress. Recently, endothelial precursors, endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), have been shown to repair damaged endothelium, and reduced circulating number and/or function of these cells is associated with ageing. Exercise can modulate both number and function of these cells to promote endothelial homeostasis. In this review we look at the effects of advancing age on the endothelium and these endothelial precursors and how exercise appears to offset this “vascular ageing” process.
Collapse
|
43
|
Leloup AJ, Van Hove CE, De Meyer GR, Schrijvers DM, Fransen P. Basal activity of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels controls the IP3-mediated contraction by α1-adrenoceptor stimulation of mouse aorta segments. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 760:163-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
44
|
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Their Role in Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15918-53. [PMID: 26184181 PMCID: PMC4519931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is significantly increased in the older population. Risk factors and predictors of future cardiovascular events such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or diabetes are observed with higher frequency in elderly individuals. A major determinant of vascular aging is endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent signaling processes. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress, loss of nitric oxide (•NO) signaling, loss of endothelial barrier function and infiltration of leukocytes to the vascular wall, explaining the low-grade inflammation characteristic for the aged vasculature. We here discuss the importance of different sources of ROS for vascular aging and their contribution to the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly population with special emphasis on mitochondrial ROS formation and oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA. Also the interaction (crosstalk) of mitochondria with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases is highlighted. Current concepts of vascular aging, consequences for the development of cardiovascular events and the particular role of ROS are evaluated on the basis of cell culture experiments, animal studies and clinical trials. Present data point to a more important role of oxidative stress for the maximal healthspan (healthy aging) than for the maximal lifespan.
Collapse
|
45
|
Sindler AL, Cox-York K, Reese L, Bryan NS, Seals DR, Gentile CL. Oral nitrite therapy improves vascular function in diabetic mice. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2015; 12:221-4. [PMID: 25696116 PMCID: PMC5027127 DOI: 10.1177/1479164114565628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We tested the hypothesis that short-term oral sodium nitrite supplementation would improve vascular dysfunction in obese, diabetic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular function was determined in control mice and in db/db mice receiving drinking water with or without sodium nitrite (50 mg/L) for 5 weeks. Nitrite supplementation increased plasma nitrite concentrations in db/db mice (0.19±0.02 µM vs 0.80±0.26 µM; p < 0.05). Db/db mice had lower endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) in response to increasing doses of acetylcholine versus heterozygous control mice (71.2% ± 14.3% vs 93% ± 7.0%; p < 0.05), and sodium nitrite supplementation restored endothelium-dependent dilation to control levels (92.9% ± 2.3% vs 93% ± 7.0%; p < 0.05). The improvement in endothelial function was accompanied by a reduction in intrinsic stiffness, but not by alterations in plasma or vascular markers of inflammation. CONCLUSION These data suggest that sodium nitrite may be a novel therapy for treating diabetes-related vascular dysfunction; however, the mechanisms of improvement are unknown.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/blood
- Diabetic Angiopathies/diagnosis
- Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Heterozygote
- Homozygote
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Point Mutation
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Sodium Nitrite/administration & dosage
- Sodium Nitrite/blood
- Vascular Stiffness/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage
- Vasodilator Agents/blood
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Sindler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kimberly Cox-York
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lauren Reese
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nathan S Bryan
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fransen P, Van Hove CE, Leloup AJA, Martinet W, De Meyer GRY, Lemmens K, Bult H, Schrijvers DM. Dissecting out the complex Ca2+-mediated phenylephrine-induced contractions of mouse aortic segments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121634. [PMID: 25803863 PMCID: PMC4372603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type Ca2+ channel (VGCC) mediated Ca2+ influx in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) contributes to the functional properties of large arteries in arterial stiffening and central blood pressure regulation. How this influx relates to steady-state contractions elicited by α1-adrenoreceptor stimulation and how it is modulated by small variations in resting membrane potential (Vm) of VSMC is not clear yet. Here, we show that α1-adrenoreceptor stimulation of aortic segments of C57Bl6 mice with phenylephrine (PE) causes phasic and tonic contractions. By studying the relationship between Ca2+ mobilisation and isometric tension, it was found that the phasic contraction was due to intracellular Ca2+ release and the tonic contraction determined by Ca2+ influx. The latter component involves both Ca2+ influx via VGCC and via non-selective cation channels (NSCC). Influx via VGCC occurs only within the window voltage range of the channel. Modulation of this window Ca2+ influx by small variations of the VSMC Vm causes substantial effects on the contractile performance of aortic segments. The relative contribution of VGCC and NSCC to the contraction by α1-adrenoceptor stimulation could be manipulated by increasing intracellular Ca2+ release from non-contractile sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. Results of this study point to a complex interactions between α1-adrenoceptor-mediated VSMC contractile performance and Ca2+ release form contractile or non-contractile Ca2+ stores with concomitant Ca2+ influx. Given the importance of VGCC and their blockers in arterial stiffening and hypertension, they further point toward an additional role of NSCC (and NSCC blockers) herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fransen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Cor E. Van Hove
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arthur J. A. Leloup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Katrien Lemmens
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hidde Bult
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sanzari JK, Billings PC, Wilson JM, Diffenderfer ES, Arce-Esquivel AA, Thorne PK, Laughlin MH, Kennedy AR. Effect of electron radiation on vasomotor function of the left anterior descending coronary artery. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2015; 4:6-10. [PMID: 26072960 PMCID: PMC4452954 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The left anterior descending (LAD, interventricular) coronary artery provides the blood supply to the mid-region of the heart and is a major site of vessel stenosis. Changes in LAD function can have major effects on heart function. In this report, we examined the effect of electron simulated solar particle event (eSPE) radiation on LAD function in a porcine animal model. Vasodilatory responses to adenosine diphosphate (ADP; 10(−9)–10(−4) M), bradykinin (BK; 10(−11)–10(−6) M), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10(−10)–10(−4) M) were assessed. The LAD arteries from Control (non-irradiated) and the eSPE (irradiated) animals were isolated and exhibited a similar relaxation response following treatment with either ADP or SNP. In contrast, a significantly reduced relaxation response to BK treatment was observed in the eSPE irradiated group, compared to the control group. These data demonstrate that simulated SPE radiation exposure alters LAD function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenine K. Sanzari
- 3620 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul C. Billings
- 3620 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jolaine M. Wilson
- 3620 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric S. Diffenderfer
- 3620 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arturo A. Arce-Esquivel
- E102 Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- 3900 University Blvd., Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Pamela K. Thorne
- E102 Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - M. H. Laughlin
- E102 Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ann R. Kennedy
- 3620 Hamilton Walk, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Santos-Parker JR, LaRocca TJ, Seals DR. Aerobic exercise and other healthy lifestyle factors that influence vascular aging. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2014; 38:296-307. [PMID: 25434012 PMCID: PMC4315444 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00088.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the United States and other modern societies. Advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD, primarily due to stiffening of the large elastic arteries and the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, regular aerobic exercise protects against the development of large elastic artery stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction with advancing age. Moreover, aerobic exercise interventions reduce arterial stiffness and restore vascular endothelial function in previously sedentary middle-aged/older adults. Aerobic exercise exerts its beneficial effects on arterial function by modulating structural proteins, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and restoring nitric oxide bioavailability. Aerobic exercise may also promote "resistance" against factors that reduce vascular function and increase CVD risk with age. Preventing excessive increases in abdominal adiposity, following healthy dietary practices, maintaining a low CVD risk factor profile, and, possibly, selective use of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals also play a major role in preserving vascular function with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Seals DR. Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lecture: The remarkable anti-aging effects of aerobic exercise on systemic arteries. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:425-39. [PMID: 24855137 PMCID: PMC4157159 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00362.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies, and advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD. Arterial dysfunction, characterized by large elastic artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction, is the key event leading to age-associated CVD. Our work shows that regular aerobic exercise inhibits large elastic artery stiffening with aging (optimizes arterial compliance) and preserves endothelial function. Importantly, among previously sedentary late middle-aged and older adults, aerobic exercise improves arterial stiffness and enhances endothelial function in most groups and, therefore, also can be considered a treatment for age-associated arterial dysfunction. The mechanisms by which regular aerobic exercise destiffens large elastic arteries are incompletely understood, but existing evidence suggests that reductions in oxidative stress associated with decreases in both adventitial collagen (fibrosis) and advanced glycation end-products (structural protein cross-linking molecules), play a key role. Aerobic exercise preserves endothelial function with aging by maintaining nitric oxide bioavailability via suppression of excessive superoxide-associated oxidative stress, and by inhibiting the development of chronic low-grade vascular inflammation. Recent work from our laboratory supports the novel hypothesis that aerobic exercise may exert these beneficial effects by directly inducing protection to aging arteries against multiple adverse factors to which they are chronically exposed. Regular aerobic exercise should be viewed as a "first line" strategy for prevention and treatment of arterial aging and a vital component of a contemporary public health approach for reducing the projected increase in population CVD burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gao YZ, Saphirstein RJ, Yamin R, Suki B, Morgan KG. Aging impairs smooth muscle-mediated regulation of aortic stiffness: a defect in shock absorption function? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1252-61. [PMID: 25128168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00392.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased aortic stiffness is an early and independent biomarker of cardiovascular disease. Here we tested the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute significantly to aortic stiffness and investigated the mechanisms involved. The relative contributions of VSMCs, focal adhesions (FAs), and matrix to stiffness in mouse aorta preparations at optimal length and with confirmed VSMC viability were separated by the use of small-molecule inhibitors and activators. Using biomechanical methods designed for minimal perturbation of cellular function, we directly quantified changes with aging in aortic material stiffness. An alpha adrenoceptor agonist, in the presence of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) to remove interference of endothelial nitric oxide, increases stiffness by 90-200% from baseline in both young and old mice. Interestingly, increases are robustly suppressed by the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 in young but not old mice. Phosphotyrosine screening revealed, with aging, a biochemical signature of markedly impaired agonist-induced FA remodeling previously associated with Src signaling. Protein expression measurement confirmed a decrease in Src expression with aging. Thus we report here an additive model for the in vitro biomechanical components of the mouse aortic wall in which 1) VSMCs are a surprisingly large component of aortic stiffness at physiological lengths and 2) regulation of the VSMC component through FA signaling and hence plasticity is impaired with aging, diminishing the aorta's normal shock absorption function in response to stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Z Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert J Saphirstein
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rina Yamin
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Kathleen G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|