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Zoladz JA, Grandys M, Smeda M, Kij A, Kurpinska A, Kwiatkowski G, Karasinski J, Hendgen-Cotta U, Chlopicki S, Majerczak J. Myoglobin deficiency impairs maximal oxygen uptake and exercise performance: a lesson from Mb -/- mice. J Physiol 2024; 602:855-873. [PMID: 38376957 DOI: 10.1113/jp285067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) plays an important role at rest and during exercise as a reservoir of oxygen and has been suggested to regulate NO• bioavailability under hypoxic/acidic conditions. However, its ultimate role during exercise is still a subject of debate. We aimed to study the effect of Mb deficiency on maximal oxygen uptake (V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_2}\max }}$ ) and exercise performance in myoglobin knockout mice (Mb-/- ) when compared to control mice (Mb+/+ ). Furthermore, we also studied NO• bioavailability, assessed as nitrite (NO2 - ) and nitrate (NO3 - ) in the heart, locomotory muscle and in plasma, at rest and during exercise at exhaustion both in Mb-/- and in Mb+/+ mice. The mice performed maximal running incremental exercise on a treadmill with whole-body gas exchange measurements. The Mb-/- mice had lower body mass, heart and hind limb muscle mass (P < 0.001). Mb-/- mice had significantly reduced maximal running performance (P < 0.001).V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_2}\max }}$ expressed in ml min-1 in Mb-/ - mice was 37% lower than in Mb+/+ mice (P < 0.001) and 13% lower when expressed in ml min-1 kg body mass-1 (P = 0.001). Additionally, Mb-/- mice had significantly lower plasma, heart and locomotory muscle NO2 - levels at rest. During exercise NO2 - increased significantly in the heart and locomotory muscles of Mb-/- and Mb+/+ mice, whereas no significant changes in NO2 - were found in plasma. Our study showed that, contrary to recent suggestions, Mb deficiency significantly impairsV ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_2}\max }}$ and maximal running performance in mice. KEY POINTS: Myoglobin knockout mice (Mb-/- ) possess lower maximal oxygen uptake (V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_2}\max }}$ ) and poorer maximal running performance than control mice (Mb+/+ ). Respiratory exchange ratio values at high running velocities in Mb-/- mice are higher than in control mice suggesting a shift in substrate utilization towards glucose metabolism in Mb-/- mice at the same running velocities. Lack of myoglobin lowers basal systemic and muscle NO• bioavailability, but does not affect exercise-induced NO2 - changes in plasma, heart and locomotory muscles. The present study demonstrates that myoglobin is of vital importance forV ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_2}\max }}$ and maximal running performance as well as explains why previous studies have failed to prove such a role of myoglobin when using the Mb-/- mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy A Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Grandys
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Smeda
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kurpinska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kwiatkowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Karasinski
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ulrike Hendgen-Cotta
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Majerczak
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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2
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Wong W, Bravo P, Yunker PJ, Ratcliff WC, Burnetti AJ. Examining the role of oxygen-binding proteins on the early evolution of multicellularity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569647. [PMID: 38106219 PMCID: PMC10723371 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen availability is a key factor in the evolution of multicellularity, as larger and more sophisticated organisms often require mechanisms allowing efficient oxygen delivery to their tissues. One such mechanism is the presence of oxygen-binding proteins, such as globins and hemerythrins, which arose in the ancestor of bilaterian animals. Despite their importance, the precise mechanisms by which oxygen-binding proteins influenced the early stages of multicellular evolution under varying environmental oxygen levels are not yet clear. We addressed this knowledge gap by heterologously expressing the oxygen binding proteins myoglobin and myohemerythrin in snowflake yeast, a model system of simple, undifferentiated multicellularity. These proteins increased the depth and rate of oxygen diffusion, increasing the fitness of snowflake yeast growing aerobically. Experiments show that, paradoxically, oxygen-binding proteins confer a greater fitness benefit for larger organisms under high, not low, O2 conditions. We show via biophysical modeling that this is because facilitated diffusion is more efficient when oxygen is abundant, transporting a greater quantity of O2 which can be used for metabolism. By alleviating anatomical diffusion limitations to oxygen consumption, the evolution of O2-binding proteins in the oxygen-rich Neoproterozoic may have been a key breakthrough enabling the evolution of increasingly large, complex multicellular metazoan lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Pablo Bravo
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Peter J Yunker
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - William C Ratcliff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Anthony J Burnetti
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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3
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Jacobs N, Mos D, Bloemers FW, van der Laarse WJ, Jaspers RT, van der Zwaard S. Low myoglobin concentration in skeletal muscle of elite cyclists is associated with low mRNA expression levels. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023:10.1007/s00421-023-05161-z. [PMID: 36877252 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin is essential for oxygen transport to the muscle fibers. However, measurements of myoglobin (Mb) protein concentrations within individual human muscle fibers are scarce. Recent observations have revealed surprisingly low Mb concentrations in elite cyclists, however it remains unclear whether this relates to Mb translation, transcription and/or myonuclear content. The aim was to compare Mb concentration, Mb messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels and myonuclear content within muscle fibers of these elite cyclists with those of physically-active controls. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis in 29 cyclists and 20 physically-active subjects. Mb concentration was determined by peroxidase staining for both type I and type II fibers, Mb mRNA expression level was determined by quantitative PCR and myonuclear domain size (MDS) was obtained by immunofluorescence staining. Average Mb concentrations (mean ± SD: 0.38 ± 0.04 mM vs. 0.48 ± 0.19 mM; P = 0.014) and Mb mRNA expression levels (0.067 ± 0.019 vs. 0.088 ± 0.027; P = 0.002) were lower in cyclists compared to controls. In contrast, MDS and total RNA per mg muscle were not different between groups. Interestingly, in cyclists compared to controls, Mb concentration was only lower for type I fibers (P < 0.001), but not for type II fibers (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the lower Mb concentration in muscle fibers of elite cyclists is partly explained by lower Mb mRNA expression levels per myonucleus and not by a lower myonuclear content. It remains to be determined whether cyclists may benefit from strategies that upregulate Mb mRNA expression levels, particularly in type I fibers, to enhance their oxygen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jacobs
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniek Mos
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank W Bloemers
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Richard T Jaspers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan van der Zwaard
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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4
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Ramos M, Tau Anzoategui S. Preoxygenation: from hardcore physiology to the operating room. J Anesth 2022; 36:770-781. [PMID: 36136165 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-022-03105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
If we define the human body by the mass of the elements that compose it, we could say that we are oxygen and other elements. Oxygen, in addition to being fundamental in our composition, is an element that we constantly need to support cellular respiration and, therefore, life. Interestingly, despite its importance, humans have not developed mechanisms that allow us to store it and, therefore, we are unable to sustain life if we are deprived of ventilation, even for brief periods. Accordingly, the ability to induce the cessation of ventilation in a patient must be accompanied by different technical and non-technical skills that allow the patient's safety to be maintained in this highly vulnerable state. Through the use of basic mathematical tools and comparative physiology, we hereby propose to review the physiological foundations of preoxygenation to understand the reasons behind the clinical recommendations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Ramos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Santiago Tau Anzoategui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Oxygen flux from capillary to mitochondria: integration of contemporary discoveries. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:7-28. [PMID: 34940908 PMCID: PMC8890444 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Resting humans transport ~ 100 quintillion (1018) oxygen (O2) molecules every second to tissues for consumption. The final, short distance (< 50 µm) from capillary to the most distant mitochondria, in skeletal muscle where exercising O2 demands may increase 100-fold, challenges our understanding of O2 transport. To power cellular energetics O2 reaches its muscle mitochondrial target by dissociating from hemoglobin, crossing the red cell membrane, plasma, endothelial surface layer, endothelial cell, interstitial space, myocyte sarcolemma and a variable expanse of cytoplasm before traversing the mitochondrial outer/inner membranes and reacting with reduced cytochrome c and protons. This past century our understanding of O2's passage across the body's final O2 frontier has been completely revised. This review considers the latest structural and functional data, challenging the following entrenched notions: (1) That O2 moves freely across blood cell membranes. (2) The Krogh-Erlang model whereby O2 pressure decreases systematically from capillary to mitochondria. (3) Whether intramyocyte diffusion distances matter. (4) That mitochondria are separate organelles rather than coordinated and highly plastic syncytia. (5) The roles of free versus myoglobin-facilitated O2 diffusion. (6) That myocytes develop anoxic loci. These questions, and the intriguing notions that (1) cellular membranes, including interconnected mitochondrial membranes, act as low resistance conduits for O2, lipids and H+-electrochemical transport and (2) that myoglobin oxy/deoxygenation state controls mitochondrial oxidative function via nitric oxide, challenge established tenets of muscle metabolic control. These elements redefine muscle O2 transport models essential for the development of effective therapeutic countermeasures to pathological decrements in O2 supply and physical performance.
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van der Zwaard S, Brocherie F, Jaspers RT. Under the Hood: Skeletal Muscle Determinants of Endurance Performance. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:719434. [PMID: 34423293 PMCID: PMC8371266 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.719434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, researchers have extensively studied (elite) athletes' physiological responses to understand how to maximize their endurance performance. In endurance sports, whole-body measurements such as the maximal oxygen consumption, lactate threshold, and efficiency/economy play a key role in performance. Although these determinants are known to interact, it has also been demonstrated that athletes rarely excel in all three. The leading question is how athletes reach exceptional values in one or all of these determinants to optimize their endurance performance, and how such performance can be explained by (combinations of) underlying physiological determinants. In this review, we advance on Joyner and Coyle's conceptual framework of endurance performance, by integrating a meta-analysis of the interrelationships, and corresponding effect sizes between endurance performance and its key physiological determinants at the macroscopic (whole-body) and the microscopic level (muscle tissue, i.e., muscle fiber oxidative capacity, oxygen supply, muscle fiber size, and fiber type). Moreover, we discuss how these physiological determinants can be improved by training and what potential physiological challenges endurance athletes may face when trying to maximize their performance. This review highlights that integrative assessment of skeletal muscle determinants points toward efficient type-I fibers with a high mitochondrial oxidative capacity and strongly encourages well-adjusted capillarization and myoglobin concentrations to accommodate the required oxygen flux during endurance performance, especially in large muscle fibers. Optimisation of endurance performance requires careful design of training interventions that fine tune modulation of exercise intensity, frequency and duration, and particularly periodisation with respect to the skeletal muscle determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan van der Zwaard
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Ono-Moore KD, Olfert IM, Rutkowsky JM, Chintapalli SV, Willis BJ, Blackburn ML, Williams DK, O'Reilly J, Tolentino T, Lloyd KCK, Adams SH. Metabolic physiology and skeletal muscle phenotypes in male and female myoglobin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E63-E79. [PMID: 33969704 PMCID: PMC8321820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00624.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) is a regulator of O2 bioavailability in type I muscle and heart, at least when tissue O2 levels drop. Mb also plays a role in regulating cellular nitric oxide (NO) pools. Robust binding of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain acylcarnitines to Mb, and enhanced glucose metabolism in hearts of Mb knockout (KO) mice, suggest additional roles in muscle intermediary metabolism and fuel selection. To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), body weight gain and adiposity, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in Mb knockout (Mb-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% of calories). In males (n = 10/genotype) and females (n = 9/genotype) tested at 5-6, 11-12, and 17-18 wk, there were no genotype effects on RER, EE, or food intake. RER and EE during cold (10°C, 72 h), and glucose and insulin tolerance, were not different compared with within-sex WT controls. At ∼18 and ∼19 wk of age, female Mb-/- adiposity was ∼42%-48% higher versus WT females (P = 0.1). Transcriptomics analyses (whole gastrocnemius, soleus) revealed few consistent changes, with the notable exception of a 20% drop in soleus transferrin receptor (Tfrc) mRNA. Capillarity indices were significantly increased in Mb-/-, specifically in Mb-rich soleus and deep gastrocnemius. The results indicate that Mb loss does not have a major impact on whole body glucose homeostasis, EE, RER, or response to a cold challenge in mice. However, the greater adiposity in female Mb-/- mice indicates a sex-specific effect of Mb KO on fat storage and feed efficiency.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The roles of myoglobin remain to be elaborated. We address sexual dimorphism in terms of outcomes in response to the loss of myoglobin in knockout mice and perform, for the first time, a series of comprehensive metabolic studies under conditions in which fat is mobilized (high-fat diet, cold). The results highlight that myoglobin is not necessary and sufficient for maintaining oxidative metabolism and point to alternative roles for this protein in muscle and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jennifer M Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Brandon J Willis
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - D Keith Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Juliana O'Reilly
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Todd Tolentino
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
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8
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Colburn TD, Hirai DM, Craig JC, Ferguson SK, Weber RE, Schulze KM, Behnke BJ, Musch TI, Poole DC. Transcapillary PO 2 gradients in contracting muscles across the fibre type and oxidative continuum. J Physiol 2020; 598:3187-3202. [PMID: 32445225 DOI: 10.1113/jp279608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Within skeletal muscle the greatest resistance to oxygen transport is thought to reside across the short distance at the red blood cell-myocyte interface. These structures generate a significant transmural oxygen pressure (PO2 ) gradient in mixed fibre-type muscle. Increasing O2 flux across the capillary wall during exercise depends on: (i) the transmural O2 pressure gradient, which is maintained in mixed-fibre muscle, and/or (ii) elevating diffusing properties between microvascular and interstitial compartments resulting, in part, from microvascular haemodynamics and red blood cell distribution. We evaluated the PO2 within the microvascular and interstitial spaces of muscles spanning the slow- to fast-twitch fibre and high- to low-oxidative capacity spectrums, at rest and during contractions, to assess the magnitude of transcapillary PO2 gradients in rats. Our findings demonstrate that, across the metabolic rest-contraction transition, the transcapillary pressure gradient for O2 flux is: (i) maintained in all muscle types, and (ii) the lowest in contracting highly oxidative fast-twitch muscle. ABSTRACT In mixed fibre-type skeletal muscle transcapillary PO2 gradients (PO2 mv-PO2 is; microvascular and interstitial, respectively) drive O2 flux across the blood-myocyte interface where the greatest resistance to that O2 flux resides. We assessed a broad spectrum of fibre-type and oxidative-capacity rat muscles across the rest-to-contraction (1 Hz, 120 s) transient to test the novel hypotheses that: (i) slow-twitch PO2 is would be greater than fast-twitch, (ii) muscles with greater oxidative capacity have greater PO2 is than glycolytic counterparts, and (iii) whether PO2 mv-PO2 is at rest is maintained during contractions across all muscle types. PO2 mv and PO2 is were determined via phosphorescence quenching in soleus (SOL; 91% type I+IIa fibres and CSa: ∼21 μmol min-1 g-1 ), peroneal (PER; 33% and ∼20 μmol min-1 g-1 ), mixed (MG; 9% and ∼26 μmol min-1 g-1 ) and white gastrocnemius (WG; 0% and ∼8 μmol min-1 g-1 ) across the rest-contraction transient. PO2 mv was higher than PO2 is in each muscle (∼6-13 mmHg; P < 0.05). SOL PO2 isarea was greater than in the fast-twitch muscles during contractions (P < 0.05). Oxidative muscles had greater PO2 isnadir (9.4 ± 0.8, 7.4 ± 0.9 and 6.4 ± 0.4; SOL, PER and MG, respectively) than WG (3.0 ± 0.3 mmHg, P < 0.05). The magnitude of PO2 mv-PO2 is at rest decreased during contractions in MG only (∼11 to 7 mmHg; time × (PO2 mv-PO2 is) interaction, P < 0.05). These data support the hypothesis that, since transcapillary PO2 gradients during contractions are maintained in all muscle types, increased O2 flux must occur via enhanced intracapillary diffusing conductance, which is most extreme in highly oxidative fast-twitch muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel M Hirai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jesse C Craig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Scott K Ferguson
- Department of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI
| | - Ramona E Weber
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS
| | - Kiana M Schulze
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS
| | - Brad J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS
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9
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Charles-Edwards G, Amaral N, Sleigh A, Ayis S, Catibog N, McDonagh T, Monaghan M, Amin-Youssef G, Kemp GJ, Shah AM, Okonko DO. Effect of Iron Isomaltoside on Skeletal Muscle Energetics in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency. Circulation 2019; 139:2386-2398. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.038516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson Amaral
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
- Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., G.A.-Y., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK (A.S.)
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK (A.S.)
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK (A.S.)
| | - Salma Ayis
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Kings College London, UK (S.A.)
| | - Norman Catibog
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
- Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., G.A.-Y., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
| | - Theresa McDonagh
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
- Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., G.A.-Y., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
| | - Mark Monaghan
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
- Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., G.A.-Y., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
| | - George Amin-Youssef
- Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., G.A.-Y., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
| | - Graham J. Kemp
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool (G.J.K.)
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
- Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., G.A.-Y., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
| | - Darlington O. Okonko
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
- Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (N.A., N.C., T.M., M.M., G.A.-Y., A.M.S., D.O.O.)
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10
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Barstow TJ. Understanding near infrared spectroscopy and its application to skeletal muscle research. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1360-1376. [PMID: 30844336 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00166.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a powerful noninvasive tool with which to study the matching of oxygen delivery to oxygen utilization and the number of new publications utilizing this technique has increased exponentially in the last 20 yr. By measuring the state of oxygenation of the primary heme compounds in skeletal muscle (hemoglobin and myoglobin), greater understanding of the underlying control mechanisms that couple perfusive and diffusive oxygen delivery to oxidative metabolism can be gained from the laboratory to the athletic field to the intensive care unit or emergency room. However, the field of NIRS has been complicated by the diversity of instrumentation, the inherent limitations of some of these technologies, the associated diversity of terminology, and a general lack of standardization of protocols. This Cores of Reproducibility in Physiology (CORP) will describe in basic but important detail the most common methodologies of NIRS, their strengths and limitations, and discuss some of the potential confounding factors that can affect the quality and reproducibility of NIRS data. Recommendations are provided to reduce the variability and errors in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The goal of this CORP is to provide readers with a greater understanding of the methodology, limitations, and best practices so as to improve the reproducibility of NIRS research in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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Clanton TL. Managing the power grid: how myoglobin can regulate PO2 and energy distribution in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:787-790. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00614.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Clanton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, the University of Florida Gainesville, Florida
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Craig JC, Broxterman RM, Wilcox SL, Chen C, Barstow TJ. Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin]. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1571-1578. [PMID: 28935822 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00207.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Craig JC, Broxterman RM, Wilcox SL, Chen C, Barstow TJ. Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin]. J Appl Physiol 123: 1571-1578, 2017. First published September 21, 2017; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00207.2017 .-Adipose tissue thickness (ATT) attenuates signals from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diminishes the absolute quantification of underlying tissues by contemporary NIRS devices. Based on the relationship between NIRS-derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin] (total-[Hb + Mb]) and ATT, we tested the hypotheses that the correction factor for ATT 1) is muscle site specific; 2) does not differ between men and women; and that 3) exclusion of the shortest source-detector distance from data analysis increases total-[Hb + Mb]. Fourteen healthy subjects (7 men) rested in a neutral body position (supine or prone) while measurements of total-[Hb + Mb] and ATT were taken at four muscles common to resting and exercise studies: vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), gastrocnemius (GS), and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS). ATT averaged 6.0 ± 0.4 mm across all muscles. Every muscle showed a negative slope ( r2: 0.6-0.94; P < 0.01) for total-[Hb + Mb] as a function of ATT: VL (-34 μM/mm), RF (-26 μM/mm), GS (-54 μM/mm), and FDS (-33 μM/mm). The projected total-[Hb + Mb] at 0 mm ATT ( y-intercept) was 452, 372, 620, and 456 μM for VL, RF, GS, and FDS, respectively. No differences were found between the sexes within VL, RF, or FDS, but men had a greater projected total-[Hb + Mb] at 0 mm for GS (688 ± 44 vs. 552 ± 40 μM; P < 0.05). Exclusion of the shortest source-detector distance increased total-[Hb + Mb] by 12 ± 1 μM ( P < 0.05). The present findings demonstrate that total-[Hb + Mb] should be corrected for ATT using muscle site-specific factors which are not sex specific, except in the case of GS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an important tool for physiologists and clinicians. However, adipose tissue greatly attenuates the signals from these devices. Correcting for this attenuation has been suggested based on the strength of the relationship between NIRS-derived measurements and the adipose tissue thickness. We show that this relationship is unique to the muscle site of interest but may not be sex specific. Accurate quantification of underlying tissue mandates researchers correct for adipose tissue thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Craig
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Ryan M Broxterman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Samuel L Wilcox
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Thomas J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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Lin L, Yao J, Li L, Wang LV. In vivo photoacoustic tomography of myoglobin oxygen saturation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:61002. [PMID: 26719943 PMCID: PMC5397140 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin is an essential oxygen-binding hemoprotein in skeletal and cardiac muscles that buffers intracellular oxygen (O2) concentration in response to hypoxia or elevated muscle activities. We present a method that uses photoacoustic computed tomography to measure the distribution of myoglobin in tissue and the oxygen saturation of myoglobin (sO2-Mb ). From photoacoustic measurements of mice in different oxygenation states, we performed calibration-free quantification of the sO2-Mb change in the backbone muscle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Junjie Yao
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Lihong V. Wang, E-mail:
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KOHNO M, HATAKEYAMA N, KAMACHI T, MIYAMOTO A. Mechanism Elucidation of Binding, Transport and Metabolism of Biomolecules by Computational Chemistry "Magnetic Binding of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide by Hemoglobin and Myoglobin". JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro KOHNO
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 12-12-1-M6-7 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Toyoko 152-8550, Japan
| | - Nozomu HATAKEYAMA
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshiaki KAMACHI
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 12-12-1-M6-7 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Toyoko 152-8550, Japan
| | - Akira MIYAMOTO
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Abstract
The activities of daily living typically occur at metabolic rates below the maximum rate of aerobic energy production. Such activity is characteristic of the nonsteady state, where energy demands, and consequential physiological responses, are in constant flux. The dynamics of the integrated physiological processes during these activities determine the degree to which exercise can be supported through rates of O₂ utilization and CO₂ clearance appropriate for their demands and, as such, provide a physiological framework for the notion of exercise intensity. The rate at which O₂ exchange responds to meet the changing energy demands of exercise--its kinetics--is dependent on the ability of the pulmonary, circulatory, and muscle bioenergetic systems to respond appropriately. Slow response kinetics in pulmonary O₂ uptake predispose toward a greater necessity for substrate-level energy supply, processes that are limited in their capacity, challenge system homeostasis and hence contribute to exercise intolerance. This review provides a physiological systems perspective of pulmonary gas exchange kinetics: from an integrative view on the control of muscle oxygen consumption kinetics to the dissociation of cellular respiration from its pulmonary expression by the circulatory dynamics and the gas capacitance of the lungs, blood, and tissues. The intensity dependence of gas exchange kinetics is discussed in relation to constant, intermittent, and ramped work rate changes. The influence of heterogeneity in the kinetic matching of O₂ delivery to utilization is presented in reference to exercise tolerance in endurance-trained athletes, the elderly, and patients with chronic heart or lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry B Rossiter
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Endeward V. The rate of the deoxygenation reaction limits myoglobin- and hemoglobin-facilitated O₂ diffusion in cells. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:1466-73. [PMID: 22362405 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00835.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A mathematical model describing facilitation of O(2) diffusion by the diffusion of myoglobin and hemoglobin is presented. The equations are solved numerically by a finite-difference method for the conditions as they prevail in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in red cells without major simplifications. It is demonstrated that, in the range of intracellular diffusion distances, the degree of facilitation is limited by the rate of the chemical reaction between myglobin or hemoglobin and O(2). The results are presented in the form of relationships between the degree of facilitation and the length of the diffusion path on the basis of the known kinetics of the oxygenation-deoxygenation reactions. It is concluded that the limitation by reaction kinetics reduces the maximally possible facilitated oxygen diffusion in cardiomyoctes by ∼50% and in skeletal muscle fibers by ∼ 20%. For human red blood cells, a reduction of facilitated O(2) diffusion by 36% is obtained in agreement with previous reports. This indicates that, especially in cardiomyocytes and red cells, chemical equilibrium between myoglobin or hemoglobin and O(2) is far from being established, an assumption that previously has often been made. Although the "O(2) transport function" of myoglobin in cardiac muscle cells thus is severely limited by the chemical reaction kinetics, and to a lesser extent also in skeletal muscle, it is noteworthy that the speed of release of O(2) from MbO(2), the "storage function," is not limited by the reaction kinetics under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Endeward
- Zentrum Physiologie, Vegetative Physiologie 4220, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Vitturi DA, Patel RP. Current perspectives and challenges in understanding the role of nitrite as an integral player in nitric oxide biology and therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:805-12. [PMID: 21683783 PMCID: PMC3148353 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Beyond an inert oxidation product of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, current thinking posits a key role for nitrite as a mediator of NO signaling, especially during hypoxia. This concept has been discussed in the context of nitrite serving a role as an endogenous modulator of NO homeostasis, but also from a novel clinical perspective whereby nitrite therapy may replenish NO signaling and prevent ischemic tissue injury. Indeed, the relatively rapid translation of studies delineating mechanisms of action to ongoing and planned clinical trials has been critical in fuelling interest in nitrite biology, and several excellent reviews have been written on this topic. In this article we limit our discussions to current concepts and what we feel are questions that remain unanswered within the paradigm of nitrite being a mediator of NO biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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