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Alvarez-Araos P, Jiménez S, Salazar-Ardiles C, Núñez-Espinosa C, Paez V, Rodriguez-Fernandez M, Raberin A, Millet GP, Iturriaga R, Andrade DC. Baroreflex and chemoreflex interaction in high-altitude exposure: possible role on exercise performance. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1422927. [PMID: 38895516 PMCID: PMC11184637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1422927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic chemoreflex and the arterial baroreflex are implicated in the ventilatory response to exercise. It is well known that long-term exercise training increases parasympathetic and decreases sympathetic tone, both processes influenced by the arterial baroreflex and hypoxic chemoreflex function. Hypobaric hypoxia (i.e., high altitude [HA]) markedly reduces exercise capacity associated with autonomic reflexes. Indeed, a reduced exercise capacity has been found, paralleled by a baroreflex-related parasympathetic withdrawal and a pronounced chemoreflex potentiation. Additionally, it is well known that the baroreflex and chemoreflex interact, and during activation by hypoxia, the chemoreflex is predominant over the baroreflex. Thus, the baroreflex function impairment may likely facilitate the exercise deterioration through the reduction of parasympathetic tone following acute HA exposure, secondary to the chemoreflex activation. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to describe the main physiological mechanisms controlling baro- and chemoreflex function and their role in exercise capacity during HA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alvarez-Araos
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Sergio Jiménez
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Camila Salazar-Ardiles
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Cristian Núñez-Espinosa
- Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro Asistencial de Docencia e Investigación (CADI-UMAG), Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Paez
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antoine Raberin
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Iturriaga
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C. Andrade
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Mannozzi J, Massoud L, Stavres J, Al-Hassan MH, O’Leary DS. Altered Autonomic Function in Metabolic Syndrome: Interactive Effects of Multiple Components. J Clin Med 2024; 13:895. [PMID: 38337589 PMCID: PMC10856260 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a set of disorders that collectively influence cardiovascular health, and includes hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. All these components (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and prediabetes/diabetes) have been shown to modify autonomic function. The major autonomic dysfunction that has been documented with each of these components is in the control of sympathetic outflow to the heart and periphery at rest and during exercise through modulation of the arterial baroreflex and the muscle metaboreflex. Many studies have described MetS components in singularity or in combination with the other major components of metabolic syndrome. However, many studies lack the capability to study all the factors of metabolic syndrome in one model or have not focused on studying the effects of how each component as it arises influences overall autonomic function. The goal of this review is to describe the current understanding of major aspects of metabolic syndrome that most likely contribute to the consequent/associated autonomic alterations during exercise and discuss their effects, as well as bring light to alternative mechanisms of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mannozzi
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48001, USA
| | - Louis Massoud
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48001, USA
| | - Jon Stavres
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | | | - Donal S. O’Leary
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48001, USA
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Díaz-Jara E, Pereyra K, Vicencio S, Olesen MA, Schwarz KG, Toledo C, Díaz HS, Quintanilla RA, Del Rio R. Superoxide dismutase 2 deficiency is associated with enhanced central chemoreception in mice: Implications for breathing regulation. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102992. [PMID: 38142585 PMCID: PMC10788617 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In mammals, central chemoreception plays a crucial role in the regulation of breathing function in both health and disease conditions. Recently, a correlation between high levels of superoxide anion (O2.-) in the Retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a main brain chemoreceptor area, and enhanced central chemoreception has been found in rodents. Interestingly, deficiency in superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression, a pivotal antioxidant enzyme, has been linked to the development/progression of several diseases. Despite, the contribution of SOD2 on O2.- regulation on central chemoreceptor function is unknown. Accordingly, we sought to determine the impact of partial deletion of SOD2 expression on i) O2.-accumulation in the RTN, ii) central ventilatory chemoreflex function, and iii) disordered-breathing. Finally, we study cellular localization of SOD2 in the RTN of healthy mice. METHODS Central chemoreflex drive and breathing function were assessed in freely moving heterozygous SOD2 knockout mice (SOD2+/- mice) and age-matched control wild type (WT) mice by whole-body plethysmography. O2.- levels were determined in RTN brainstem sections and brain isolated mitochondria, while SOD2 protein expression and tissue localization were determined by immunoblot, RNAseq and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that SOD2+/- mice displayed reductions in SOD2 levels and high O2.- formation and mitochondrial dysfunction within the RTN compared to WT. Additionally, SOD2+/- mice displayed a heightened ventilatory response to hypercapnia and exhibited overt signs of altered breathing patterns. Both, RNAseq analysis and immunofluorescence co-localization studies showed that SOD2 expression was confined to RTN astrocytes but not to RTN chemoreceptor neurons. Finally, we found that SOD2+/- mice displayed alterations in RTN astrocyte morphology compared to RTN astrocytes from WT mice. INNOVATION & CONCLUSION These findings provide first evidence of the role of SOD2 in the regulation of O2.- levels in the RTN and its potential contribution on the regulation of central chemoreflex function. Our results suggest that reductions in the expression of SOD2 in the brain may contribute to increase O2.- levels in the RTN being the outcome a chronic surge in central chemoreflex drive and the development/maintenance of altered breathing patterns. Overall, dysregulation of SOD2 and the resulting increase in O2.- levels in brainstem respiratory areas can disrupt normal respiratory control mechanisms and contribute to breathing dysfunction seen in certain disease conditions characterized by high oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Díaz-Jara
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Katherine Pereyra
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sinay Vicencio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Margrethe A Olesen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Physiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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Bunsawat K, Skow RJ, Kaur J, Wray DW. Neural control of the circulation during exercise in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H998-H1011. [PMID: 37682236 PMCID: PMC10907034 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00214.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Patients with heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) exhibit severe exercise intolerance that may be due, in part, to inappropriate cardiovascular and hemodynamic adjustments to exercise. Several neural mechanisms and locally released vasoactive substances work in concert through complex interactions to ensure proper adjustments to meet the metabolic demands of the contracting skeletal muscle. Specifically, accumulating evidence suggests that disease-related alterations in neural mechanisms (e.g., central command, exercise pressor reflex, arterial baroreflex, and cardiopulmonary baroreflex) contribute to heightened sympathetic activation and impaired ability to attenuate sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness that may contribute to reduced skeletal muscle blood flow and severe exercise intolerance in patients with HFrEF. In contrast, little is known regarding these important aspects of physiology in patients with HFpEF, though emerging data reveal heightened sympathetic activation and attenuated skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise in this patient population that may be attributable to dysregulated neural control of the circulation. The overall goal of this review is to provide a brief overview of the current understanding of disease-related alterations in the integrative neural cardiovascular responses to exercise in both HFrEF and HFpEF phenotypes, with a focus on sympathetic nervous system regulation during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Bunsawat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Rachel J Skow
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jasdeep Kaur
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - D Walter Wray
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Toledo C, Andrade DC, Diaz-Jara E, Ortolani D, Bernal-Santander I, Schwarz KG, Ortiz FC, Marcus NJ, Oliveira LM, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Del Rio R. Cardiorespiratory alterations following intermittent photostimulation of RVLM C1 neurons: Implications for long-term blood pressure, breathing and sleep regulation in freely moving rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13864. [PMID: 35959519 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sympathoexcitation and sleep-disordered breathing are common contributors for disease progression. Catecholaminergic neurons from the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM-C1) modulate sympathetic outflow and have anatomical projections to respiratory neurons; however, the contribution of highly selective activation of RVLM-C1 neurons on long-term autonomic and breathing (dys)regulation remains to be understood. METHODS To explore this relationship, a lentiviral vector carrying the light-sensitive cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 (LVV-PRSX8-ChR2-YFP) was unilaterally injected into the RVLM of healthy rats. On the contralateral side, LVV-PRSX8-ChR2-YFP was co-injected with a specific immunotoxin (DβH-SAP) targeted to eliminate C1 neurons. RESULTS Intermittent photostimulation of RVLM-C1 in vivo, in unrestrained freely moving rats, elicited long-term facilitation of the sympathetic drive, a rise in blood pressure and sympatho-respiratory coupling. In addition, photoactivation of RVLM-C1 induced long-lasting ventilatory instability, characterized by oscillations in tidal volume and increased breathing variability, but only during non-rapid eye movement sleep. These effects were not observed when photostimulation of the RVLM was performed in the presence of DβH-SAP toxin. CONCLUSIONS The finding that intermittent activation of RVLM-C1 neurons induces autonomic and breathing dysfunction suggest that episodic stimulation of RVLM-C1 may serve as a pathological substrate for the long-term development of cardiorespiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Esteban Diaz-Jara
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Domiziana Ortolani
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Bernal-Santander
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando C Ortiz
- Mechanisms of Myelin Formation and Repair Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad, Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noah J Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Luiz M Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Santos WLMD, Eustáquio JMJ, Ferreira ICR, Perez JO, Policarpo RP, Chriguer RS, Barbosa Neto O. DOES GREEN TEA ENHANCE THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY? REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202228042021_0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Green tea is associated with a series of health benefits, as is physical training. However, in combination they present little known chronotropic and autonomic cardiac effects. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the association of chronic administration of green tea and physical training on basal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty-three Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, var. albinus), paired by weight and age, were distributed among four experimental groups, titled sedentary control (CONsed, n = 10), trained control (CONtre, n = 08), sedentary tea (CHÁsed, n = 16) and trained tea (CHÁtre, n = 09). Ingestion of the tea was ad libitum. The physical training protocol lasted for eight weeks and consisted of sessions of swimming with incremental loads. At the end of the training, basal heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) in both time and frequency domains were determined. The level of significance adopted was 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Both physical training and consumption of green tea caused higher resting bradycardia than that of the CONsed group animals. Regarding HRV, the CONtre, CHÁsed, and CHÁtre groups presented significantly higher values than the CONsed group. Supplementation with green tea caused an increase in the variance, high frequency (HF) component, and sympathovagal balance as compared to the CONsed group. Physical training (PT) did not enhance any of the parameters evaluated. Conclusions: There was no significant optimization of the hemodynamic or autonomic cardiovascular parameters resulting from the association between the administration of green tea and physical training in Wistar rats. Level of Evidence IV; Case Series.
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Souza FR, Campos ÉC, Lopes LTP, Rodrigues CM, Gonçalves DLN, Beletti ME, Mantovani MM, Duarte PRA, Gonçalvez A, Resende ES. Physical Training Improves Cardiac Structure and Function of Rats After Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20210095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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8
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Mannozzi J, Kim JK, Sala-Mercado JA, Al-Hassan MH, Lessanework B, Alvarez A, Massoud L, Bhatti T, Aoun K, O’Leary DS. Arterial Baroreflex Inhibits Muscle Metaboreflex Induced Increases in Effective Arterial Elastance: Implications for Ventricular-Vascular Coupling. Front Physiol 2022; 13:841076. [PMID: 35399256 PMCID: PMC8990766 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.841076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventricular-vascular relationship assesses the efficacy of energy transferred from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation and is quantified as the ratio of effective arterial elastance to maximal left ventricular elastance. This relationship is maintained during exercise via reflex increases in cardiovascular performance raising both arterial and ventricular elastance in parallel. These changes are, in part, due to reflexes engendered by activation of metabosensitive skeletal muscle afferents-termed the muscle metaboreflex. However, in heart failure, ventricular-vascular uncoupling is apparent and muscle metaboreflex activation worsens this relationship through enhanced systemic vasoconstriction markedly increasing effective arterial elastance which is unaccompanied by substantial increases in ventricular function. This enhanced arterial vasoconstriction is, in part, due to significant reductions in cardiac performance induced by heart failure causing over-stimulation of the metaboreflex due to under perfusion of active skeletal muscle, but also as a result of reduced baroreflex buffering of the muscle metaboreflex-induced peripheral sympatho-activation. To what extent the arterial baroreflex modifies the metaboreflex-induced changes in effective arterial elastance is unknown. We investigated in chronically instrumented conscious canines if removal of baroreflex input via sino-aortic baroreceptor denervation (SAD) would significantly enhance effective arterial elastance in normal animals and whether this would be amplified after induction of heart failure. We observed that effective arterial elastance (Ea), was significantly increased during muscle metaboreflex activation after SAD (0.4 ± 0.1 mmHg/mL to 1.4 ± 0.3 mmHg/mL). In heart failure, metaboreflex activation caused exaggerated increases in Ea and in this setting, SAD significantly increased the rise in Ea elicited by muscle metaboreflex activation (1.3 ± 0.3 mmHg/mL to 2.3 ± 0.3 mmHg/mL). Thus, we conclude that the arterial baroreflex does buffer muscle metaboreflex induced increases in Ea and this buffering likely has effects on the ventricular-vascular coupling.
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Wundersitz DWT, Wright BJ, Gordon BA, Pompei S, Lavie CJ, Nadurata V, Nolan K, Kingsley MIC. Sympathovagal Balance Is a Strong Predictor of Post High-Volume Endurance Exercise Cardiac Arrhythmia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:848174. [PMID: 35388290 PMCID: PMC8978599 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.848174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity is important for cardiovascular health. However, high-volume endurance exercise has been associated with increased number of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, including disturbances in cardiac rhythm (arrhythmias) and abnormalities in ECG pattern. The aim of this study was to assess if heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with ECG abnormalities. Fifteen participants with previous cycling experience completed a 21-day high-volume endurance exercise cycle over 3,515 km. Participants wore a 5-lead Holter monitor for 24 h pre- and post-exercise, which was used to quantify ECG abnormalities and export sinus R-to-R intervals (NN) used to calculate HRV characteristics. As noise is prevalent in 24-h HRV recordings, both 24-h and heart rate collected during stable periods of time (i.e., deep sleep) were examined. Participants experienced significantly more arrhythmias post high-volume endurance exercise (median = 35) compared to pre (median = 12; p = 0.041). All 24-h and deep sleep HRV outcomes were not different pre-to-post high-volume endurance exercise (p > 0.05). Strong and significant associations with arrhythmia number post-exercise were found for total arrhythmia (total arrhythmia number pre-exercise, ρ = 0.79; age, ρ = 0.73), supraventricular arrhythmia (supraventricular arrhythmia number pre-exercise: ρ = 0.74; age: ρ = 0.66), and ventricular arrhythmia (age: ρ = 0.54). As a result, age and arrhythmia number pre-exercise were controlled for in hierarchical regression, which revealed that only deep sleep derived low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) ratio post high-volume endurance exercise predicted post total arrhythmia number (B = 0.63, R2Δ = 34%, p = 0.013) and supraventricular arrhythmia number (B = 0.77, R2Δ = 69%, p < 0.001). In this study of recreationally active people, only deep sleep derived LF/HF ratio was associated with more total and supraventricular arrhythmias after high-volume endurance exercise. This finding suggests that measurement of sympathovagal balance during deep sleep might be useful to monitor arrhythmia risk after prolonged high-volume endurance exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. T. Wundersitz
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Daniel W. T. Wundersitz,
| | - Bradley J. Wright
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett A. Gordon
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Pompei
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Kimberly Nolan
- Cardiology Department, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael I. C. Kingsley
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Schwarz KG, Pereyra KV, Toledo C, Andrade DC, Díaz HS, Díaz-Jara E, Ortolani D, Rios-Gallardo A, Arias P, Las Heras A, Vera I, Ortiz FC, Inestrosa NC, Vio CP, Del Rio R. Effects of enriched-potassium diet on cardiorespiratory outcomes in experimental non-ischemic chronic heart failure. Biol Res 2021; 54:43. [PMID: 34952651 PMCID: PMC8710008 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a global health problem. Increased sympathetic outflow, cardiac arrhythmogenesis and irregular breathing patterns have all been associated with poor outcomes in CHF. Several studies showed that activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) play a key role in CHF pathophysiology. Interestingly, potassium (K+) supplemented diets showed promising results in normalizing RAS axis and autonomic dysfunction in vascular diseases, lowering cardiovascular risk. Whether subtle increases in dietary K+ consumption may exert similar effects in CHF has not been previously tested. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary K+ supplementation on cardiorespiratory alterations in rats with CHF. Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent volume overload to induce non-ischemic CHF. Animals were randomly allocated to normal chow diet (CHF group) or supplemented K+ diet (CHF+K+ group) for 6 weeks. Cardiac arrhythmogenesis, sympathetic outflow, baroreflex sensitivity, breathing disorders, chemoreflex function, respiratory–cardiovascular coupling and cardiac function were evaluated. Results Compared to normal chow diet, K+ supplemented diet in CHF significantly reduced arrhythmia incidence (67.8 ± 15.1 vs. 31.0 ± 3.7 events/hour, CHF vs. CHF+K+), decreased cardiac sympathetic tone (ΔHR to propranolol: − 97.4 ± 9.4 vs. − 60.8 ± 8.3 bpm, CHF vs. CHF+K+), restored baroreflex function and attenuated irregular breathing patterns. Additionally, supplementation of the diet with K+ restores normal central respiratory chemoreflex drive and abrogates pathological cardio-respiratory coupling in CHF rats being the outcome an improved cardiac function. Conclusion Our findings support that dietary K+ supplementation in non-ischemic CHF alleviate cardiorespiratory dysfunction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40659-021-00365-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherin V Pereyra
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Díaz-Jara
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Domiziana Ortolani
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Rios-Gallardo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Paulina Arias
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Las Heras
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Vera
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando C Ortiz
- Mechanisms of Myelin Formation and Repair Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos P Vio
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile. .,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Mannozzi J, Al-Hassan MH, Lessanework B, Alvarez A, Senador D, O'Leary DS. Chronic ablation of TRPV1-sensitive skeletal muscle afferents attenuates the muscle metaboreflex. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R385-R395. [PMID: 34259041 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00129.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise intolerance is a hallmark symptom of cardiovascular disease and likely occurs via enhanced activation of muscle metaboreflex-induced vasoconstriction of the heart and active skeletal muscle which, thereby limits cardiac output and peripheral blood flow. Muscle metaboreflex vasoconstrictor responses occur via activation of metabolite-sensitive afferent fibers located in ischemic active skeletal muscle, some of which express transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channels. Local cardiac and intrathecal administration of an ultrapotent noncompetitive, dominant negative agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX) can ablate these TRPV1-sensitive afferents. This technique has been used to attenuate cardiac sympathetic afferents and nociceptive pain. We investigated whether intrathecal administration (L4-L6) of RTX (2 µg/kg) could chronically attenuate subsequent muscle metaboreflex responses elicited by reductions in hindlimb blood flow during mild exercise (3.2 km/h) in chronically instrumented conscious canines. RTX significantly attenuated metaboreflex-induced increases in mean arterial pressure (27 ± 5.0 mmHg vs. 6 ± 8.2 mmHg), cardiac output (1.40 ± 0.2 L/min vs. 0.28 ± 0.1 L/min), and stroke work (2.27 ± 0.2 L·mmHg vs. 1.01 ± 0.2 L·mmHg). Effects were maintained until 78 ± 14 days post-RTX at which point the efficacy of RTX injection was tested by intra-arterial administration of capsaicin (20 µg/kg). A significant reduction in the mean arterial pressure response (+45.7 ± 6.5 mmHg pre-RTX vs. +19.7 ± 3.1 mmHg post-RTX) was observed. We conclude that intrathecal administration of RTX can chronically attenuate the muscle metaboreflex and could potentially alleviate enhanced sympatho-activation observed in cardiovascular disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mannozzi
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Beruk Lessanework
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alberto Alvarez
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Danielle Senador
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Donal S O'Leary
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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12
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Díaz-Jara E, Díaz HS, Rios-Gallardo A, Ortolani D, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Pereyra KV, Schwarz K, Ramirez G, Ortiz FC, Andía ME, Del Rio R. Exercise training reduces brainstem oxidative stress and restores normal breathing function in heart failure. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:470-481. [PMID: 34216779 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced central chemoreflex drive and irregular breathing are both hallmarks in heart failure (HF) and closely related to disease progression. Central chemoreceptor neurons located within the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) are known to play a role in breathing alterations in HF. It has been shown that exercise (EX) effectively reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HF rats. However, the link between EX and ROS, particularly at the RTN, with breathing alterations in HF has not been previously addressed. Accordingly, we aimed to determine: i) ROS levels in the RTN in HF and its association with chemoreflex drive, ii) whether EX improves chemoreflex/breathing function by reducing ROS levels, and iii) determine molecular alterations associated with ROS generation within the RTN of HF rats and study EX effects on these pathways. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 3 experimental groups: Sham (n = 5), volume overloaded HF (n = 6) and HF (n = 8) rats that underwent EX training for 6 weeks (60 min/day, 25 m/min, 10% inclination). At 8 weeks post-HF induction, breathing patterns and chemoreflex function were analyzed by unrestrained plethysmography. ROS levels and anti/pro-oxidant enzymes gene expression were analyzed in the RTN. Our results showed that HF rats have high ROS levels in the RTN which were closely linked to the enhanced central chemoreflex and breathing disorders. Also, HF rats displayed decreased expression of antioxidant genes in the RTN compared with control rats. EX training increases antioxidant defense in the RTN, reduces ROS formation and restores normal central chemoreflex drive and breathing regularity in HF rats. This study provides evidence for a role of ROS in central chemoreception in the setting of HF and support the use of EX to reduce ROS in the brainstem of HF animals and reveal its potential as an effective mean to normalize chemoreflex and breathing function in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Díaz-Jara
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Angélica Rios-Gallardo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, 621-0427, Punta Arenas, Chile.
| | - Domiziana Ortolani
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, 1270300, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, 621-0427, Punta Arenas, Chile.
| | - Katherin V Pereyra
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Karla Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gigliola Ramirez
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fernando C Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo E Andía
- Radiology Department & ANID - Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 8331150, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, 621-0427, Punta Arenas, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
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13
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Andrade DC, Díaz-Jara E, Toledo C, Schwarz KG, Pereyra KV, Díaz HS, Marcus NJ, Ortiz FC, Ríos-Gallardo AP, Ortolani D, Del Rio R. Exercise intolerance in volume overload heart failure is associated with low carotid body mediated chemoreflex drive. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14458. [PMID: 34262072 PMCID: PMC8280104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting an appropriate ventilatory response to exercise is crucial to meeting metabolic demands, and abnormal ventilatory responses may contribute to exercise-intolerance (EX-inT) in heart failure (HF) patients. We sought to determine if abnormal ventilatory chemoreflex control contributes to EX-inT in volume-overload HF rats. Cardiac function, hypercapnic (HCVR) and hypoxic (HVR) ventilatory responses, and exercise tolerance were assessed at the end of a 6 week exercise training program. At the conclusion of the training program, exercise tolerant HF rats (HF + EX-T) exhibited improvements in cardiac systolic function and reductions in HCVR, sympathetic tone, and arrhythmias. In contrast, HF rats that were exercise intolerant (HF + EX-inT) exhibited worse diastolic dysfunction, and showed no improvements in cardiac systolic function, HCVR, sympathetic tone, or arrhythmias at the conclusion of the training program. In addition, HF + EX-inT rats had impaired HVR which was associated with increased arrhythmia susceptibility and mortality during hypoxic challenges (~ 60% survival). Finally, we observed that exercise tolerance in HF rats was related to carotid body (CB) function as CB ablation resulted in impaired exercise capacity in HF + EX-T rats. Our results indicate that: (i) exercise may have detrimental effects on cardiac function in HF-EX-inT, and (ii) loss of CB chemoreflex sensitivity contributes to EX-inT in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Esteban Díaz-Jara
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherin V Pereyra
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noah J Marcus
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Fernando C Ortiz
- Mechanism of Myelin Formation and Repair Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica P Ríos-Gallardo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Domiziana Ortolani
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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14
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Dos Santos KM, Moraes DJDA, da Silva MP, Antunes VR. Exercise training rescues the electrical activity of liver-projecting DMNV neurones in response to oxytocin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12977. [PMID: 33942389 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A neural circuit between the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) constitutes part of an important parasympathetic autonomic pathway that controls hepatic glucose production. Intracerebroventricular injection of insulin activates oxytocinergic neurones in the PVN and elicits the release of oxytocin into the circulation, which plays an important role in the metabolism of glucose. Moreover, the central action of insulin can reduce the concentration of glucose in blood taken from the hepatic vein of Wistar rats via activation of vagal efferent nerves to the liver. This mechanism is impaired in sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Because aerobic exercise increases vagal tone, partly mediated by increasing the oxytocinergic connections between the PVN and DMNV, we hypothesised that oxytocin (OT) might alter the excitability of liver-projecting DMNV neurones. Thus, we investigated the effects of OT on electrical properties of the liver-projecting DMNV neurones from Wistar, SHR subjected to 4 weeks of exercise training, as well sedentary controls, using whole cell patch-clamping. The results show that OT increased the resting membrane potential of DMNV neurones in Wistar rats, as well as the firing frequency of these cells, but not in sedentary SHR. However, in SHR subjected to 4 weeks of exercise training, the effects of OT on liver-projecting DMNV neurones of were similar to those seen in Wistar rats. These findings show that OT elicits similar changes in the electrophysiological properties of liver-projecting DMNV neurones of Wistar and exercise-trained but not sedentary SHR. These results indicate that exercise training can restore the sensitivity of liver-projecting DMNV neurones of exercise-trained SHR to OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Martins Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi José de Almeida Moraes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Melina Pires da Silva
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Vagner Roberto Antunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Díaz HS, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Schwarz KG, Pereyra KV, Díaz-Jara E, Marcus NJ, Del Rio R. Inhibition of Brainstem Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Rescues Cardiorespiratory Dysfunction in High Output Heart Failure. Hypertension 2020; 77:718-728. [PMID: 33307852 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that chronic activation of catecholaminergic neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla is crucial in promoting autonomic imbalance and cardiorespiratory dysfunction in high output heart failure (HF). Brainstem endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is known to promote cardiovascular dysfunction; however, no studies have addressed the potential role of brainstem ERS in cardiorespiratory dysfunction in high output HF. In this study, we assessed the presence of brainstem ERS and its potential role in cardiorespiratory dysfunction in an experimental model of HF induced by volume overload. High output HF was surgically induced via creation of an arterio-venous fistula in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an inhibitor of ERS, or vehicle was administered intracerebroventricularly for 4 weeks post-HF induction. Compared with vehicle treatment, TUDCA improved cardiac autonomic balance (LFHRV/HFHRV ratio, 3.02±0.29 versus 1.14±0.24), reduced cardiac arrhythmia incidence (141.5±26.7 versus 35.67±12.5 events/h), and reduced abnormal respiratory patterns (Apneas: 11.83±2.26 versus 4.33±1.80 events/h). TUDCA administration (HF+Veh versus HF+TUDCA, P<0.05) attenuated cardiac hypertrophy (HW/BW 4.4±0.3 versus 4.0±0.1 mg/g) and diastolic dysfunction. Analysis of rostral ventrolateral medulla gene expression confirmed the presence of ERS, inflammation, and activation of renin-angiotensin system pathways in high output HF and showed that TUDCA treatment completely abolished ERS and ERS-related signaling. Taken together, these results support the notion that ERS plays a role in cardiorespiratory dysfunction in high output HF and more importantly that reducing brain ERS with TUDCA treatment has a potent salutary effect on cardiac function in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo S Díaz
- From the Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology (H.S.D., D.C.A., C.T., K.G.S., K.V.P., E.D.-J., R.D.R.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - David C Andrade
- From the Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology (H.S.D., D.C.A., C.T., K.G.S., K.V.P., E.D.-J., R.D.R.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago.,Centro de Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile (D.C.A.)
| | - Camilo Toledo
- From the Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology (H.S.D., D.C.A., C.T., K.G.S., K.V.P., E.D.-J., R.D.R.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Karla G Schwarz
- From the Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology (H.S.D., D.C.A., C.T., K.G.S., K.V.P., E.D.-J., R.D.R.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE) (K.G.S., R.D.R.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Katherin V Pereyra
- From the Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology (H.S.D., D.C.A., C.T., K.G.S., K.V.P., E.D.-J., R.D.R.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Esteban Díaz-Jara
- From the Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology (H.S.D., D.C.A., C.T., K.G.S., K.V.P., E.D.-J., R.D.R.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Noah J Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, IA (N.J.M.)
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- From the Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology (H.S.D., D.C.A., C.T., K.G.S., K.V.P., E.D.-J., R.D.R.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE) (K.G.S., R.D.R.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile (R.D.R.)
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16
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Acanfora D, Casucci G, Ciccone MM, Scicchitano P, Lonobile T, Chiariello L, Maestri R, Pedone C, Provitera V, Nolano M, Incalzi RA. Biomechanical and neuroautonomic adaptation to acute blood volume displacement in ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: the predictive value of the CD25 test. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1173-1182. [PMID: 32940562 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00514.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptation to volume displacement induced by tilt test was assessed in patients with heart failure and previous inferoapical/inferolateral or basal/apical septal myocardial infarction. The responsiveness of cardiac muscle to sympathetic nervous system stimulation predicts the mortality in patients with ischemic heart failure and may represent a useful tool for clinicians in the general assessment of this kind of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Acanfora
- San Francesco Hospital, Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
- Maugeri Scientific Clinical Institutes, SpA SB, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Telese Terme, Telese Terme, , Italy
| | | | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Scicchitano
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Maestri
- Maugeri Scientific Clinical Institutes, SpA SB, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Montescano, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Pedone
- Unit of Geriatrics, Policlinico Universitario, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Provitera
- Maugeri Scientific Clinical Institutes, SpA SB, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Telese Terme, Telese Terme, , Italy
| | - Maria Nolano
- Maugeri Scientific Clinical Institutes, SpA SB, Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Telese Terme, Telese Terme, , Italy
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17
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Danial P, Dupont S, Escoubet B, Osborne-Pellegrin M, Jondeau G, Michel JB. Pulmonary haemodynamic effects of interatrial shunt in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a preclinical study. EUROINTERVENTION 2020; 16:434-440. [PMID: 31062698 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-18-01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the creation of a left-to-right interatrial shunt on pulmonary haemodynamics in rats with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). METHODS AND RESULTS An interatrial communication (IAC) was created in 11 healthy rats (Lewis rats) and 11 rats which developed HFPEF (36-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats [SHR]). Effects of the interatrial shunt were compared to 11 sham-operated Lewis and 11 sham-operated SHR. At 45 days post shunt, strain effect was observed in diastolic function (E/A ratio, p<0.001; isovolumetric relaxation time, p<0.001), left atrial volume (p=0.005) and pulmonary wall shear rate (WSR) (p=0.02) measured by Doppler echo. At sacrifice of the animals (60 days), a strain effect was also noted in elastin density (p=0.003) and eNOS protein expression (p=0.001). Interatrial shunt creation resulted in (i) an increase in pulmonary WSR (p=0.04) and a decrease in left atrial volume (p<0.001), (ii) an increase in elastin density (p<0.005), and (iii) an increase in eNOS protein expression (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Creation of a left-to-right atrial shunt in rats with HFPEF was effective in improving pulmonary haemodynamics. In addition, this study provides preliminary evidence of the potential risk of right volume overload and pulmonary hypertension due to atrial shunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichoy Danial
- Denis Diderot University, Xavier Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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18
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Beltrán AR, Arce-Álvarez A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Vásquez-Muñoz M, von Igel M, Ramírez MA, Del Rio R, Andrade DC. Baroreflex Modulation During Acute High-Altitude Exposure in Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1049. [PMID: 32973562 PMCID: PMC7472463 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Baroreflex (BR) control is critically dependent of sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation. It has been documented that during acute hypobaric hypoxia there is a BR control impairment, however, the effect of a natural hypoxic environment on BR function is limited and controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute High-Altitude exposure on sympathetic/parasympathetic modulation of BR control in normal rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into Sea-Level (n = 7) and High-Altitude (n = 5) (3,270 m above sea level) groups. The BR control was studied using phenylephrine (Phe) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) through sigmoidal analysis. The autonomic control of the heart was estimated using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in frequency domain. Additionally, to determine the maximum sympathetic and parasympathetic activation of BR, spectral non-stationary method analysis, during Phe (0.05 μg/mL) and SNP administration (0.10 μg/mL) were used. Compared to Sea-Level condition, the High-Altitude group displayed parasympathetic withdrawal (high frequency, 0.6-2.4 Hz) and sympathoexcitation (low frequency, 0.04-0.6 Hz). Regarding to BR modulation, rats showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of curvature and parasympathetic bradycardic responses to Phe, without significant differences in sympathetic tachycardic responses to SNP after High-Altitude exposure. In addition, the non-stationary analysis of HRV showed a reduction of parasympathetic activation (Phe) in the High-Altitude group. Our results suggest that acute exposure to High-Altitude produces an autonomic and BR control impairment, characterized by parasympathetic withdrawal after 24 h of high-altitude exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rosa Beltrán
- Departamento de Educación, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alexis Arce-Álvarez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Vásquez-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Magdalena von Igel
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco A. Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - David C. Andrade
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Pedagogía en Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Andrade DC, Arce‐Alvarez A, Parada F, Uribe S, Gordillo P, Dupre A, Ojeda C, Palumbo F, Castro G, Vasquez‐Muñoz M, Del Rio R, Ramirez‐Campillo R, Izquierdo M. Acute effects of high-intensity interval training session and endurance exercise on pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory coupling. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14455. [PMID: 32748551 PMCID: PMC7399365 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise and endurance exercise (EE) on pulmonary function, sympathetic/parasympathetic balance, and cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) in healthy participants. Using a crossover repeated-measurements design, four females and four males were exposed to EE (20 min at 80% maximal heart rate [HR]), HIIT (1 min of exercise at 90% maximal HR per 1 min of rest, 10 times), or control condition (resting). Pulmonary function, HR, CRC, and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed before and after the interventions. Results revealed no significant effects of EE or HIIT on pulmonary function. The EE, but not HIIT, significantly increased CRC. In contrast, HRV was markedly changed by HIIT, not by EE. Indeed, both the low-frequency (LFHRV ) and high-frequency (HFHRV ) components of HRV were increased and decreased, respectively, after HIIT. The increase in LFHRV was greater after HIIT than after EE. Therefore, a single bout of HIIT or EE has no effects on pulmonary function. Moreover, CRC and cardiac autonomic regulation are targeted differently by the two exercise modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Andrade
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del EjercicioFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
- Pedagogía en Educación Física, Deportes y RecreaciónUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory ControlDepartment of PhysiologyPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Alexis Arce‐Alvarez
- Escuela de KinesiologíaFacultad de SaludUniversidad Católica Silva HenríquezSantiagoChile
- NavarrabiomedComplejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)‐Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)IDISNAPamplonaSpain
| | - Felipe Parada
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del EjercicioFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
| | - Sebastian Uribe
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del EjercicioFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
| | - Pamela Gordillo
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del EjercicioFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
| | - Anita Dupre
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del EjercicioFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
| | - Carla Ojeda
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del EjercicioFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
| | - Fiorella Palumbo
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del EjercicioFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
| | - Guillermo Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del EjercicioFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
| | - Manuel Vasquez‐Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del EjercicioFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
- NavarrabiomedComplejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)‐Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)IDISNAPamplonaSpain
- Unidad de EstadísticaDepartamento de CalidadClínica Santa MaríaSantiagoChile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory ControlDepartment of PhysiologyPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE)Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA)Universidad de MagallanesPunta ArenasChile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez‐Campillo
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del EjercicioFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
- Laboratory of Human Performance. Quality of Life and Wellness Research GroupDepartment of Physical Activity SciencesUniversidad de Los LagosOsornoChile
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- NavarrabiomedComplejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)‐Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)IDISNAPamplonaSpain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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20
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Lucero CM, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Díaz HS, Pereyra KV, Diaz-Jara E, Schwarz KG, Marcus NJ, Retamal MA, Quintanilla RA, Del Rio R. Cardiac remodeling and arrhythmogenesis are ameliorated by administration of Cx43 mimetic peptide Gap27 in heart failure rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6878. [PMID: 32327677 PMCID: PMC7181683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in connexins and specifically in 43 isoform (Cx43) in the heart have been associated with a high incidence of arrhythmogenesis and sudden death in several cardiac diseases. We propose to determine salutary effect of Cx43 mimetic peptide Gap27 in the progression of heart failure. High-output heart failure was induced by volume overload using the arterio-venous fistula model (AV-Shunt) in adult male rats. Four weeks after AV-Shunt surgery, the Cx43 mimetic peptide Gap27 or scrambled peptide, were administered via osmotic minipumps (AV-ShuntGap27 or AV-ShuntScr) for 4 weeks. Cardiac volumes, arrhythmias, function and remodeling were determined at 8 weeks after AV-Shunt surgeries. At 8th week, AV-ShuntGap27 showed a marked decrease in the progression of cardiac deterioration and showed a significant improvement in cardiac functions measured by intraventricular pressure-volume loops. Furthermore, AV-ShuntGap27 showed less cardiac arrhythmogenesis and cardiac hypertrophy index compared to AV-ShuntScr. Gap27 treatment results in no change Cx43 expression in the heart of AV-Shunt rats. Our results strongly suggest that Cx43 play a pivotal role in the progression of cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis in high-output heart failure; furthermore, support the use of Cx43 mimetic peptide Gap27 as an effective therapeutic tool to reduce the progression of cardiac dysfunction in high-output heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Lucero
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherin V Pereyra
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Diaz-Jara
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noah J Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Mauricio A Retamal
- Universidad del Desarrollo, Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Clínica Alemana Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Excelencia de Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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21
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Díaz HS, Toledo C, Andrade DC, Marcus NJ, Del Rio R. Neuroinflammation in heart failure: new insights for an old disease. J Physiol 2020; 598:33-59. [PMID: 31671478 DOI: 10.1113/jp278864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome affecting roughly 26 million people worldwide. Increased sympathetic drive is a hallmark of HF and is associated with disease progression and higher mortality risk. Several mechanisms contribute to enhanced sympathetic activity in HF, but these pathways are still incompletely understood. Previous work suggests that inflammation and activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) increases sympathetic drive. Importantly, chronic inflammation in several brain regions is commonly observed in aged populations, and a growing body of evidence suggests neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in HF. In animal models of HF, central inhibition of RAS and pro-inflammatory cytokines normalizes sympathetic drive and improves cardiac function. The precise molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to neuroinflammation and its effect on HF progression remain undetermined. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field of neuroinflammation and autonomic control in HF. In addition, it focuses on cellular and molecular mediators of neuroinflammation in HF and in particular on brain regions involved in sympathetic control. Finally, we will comment on what is known about neuroinflammation in the context of preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noah J Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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22
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Jeremic N, Weber GJ, Theilen NT, Tyagi SC. Cardioprotective effects of high-intensity interval training are mediated through microRNA regulation of mitochondrial and oxidative stress pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:5229-5240. [PMID: 31823395 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human studies have shown high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has beneficial cardiovascular effects and is typically more time-efficient compared with traditional endurance exercise. The main goal of this study is to show the potential molecular and functional cardiovascular benefits of HIIT compared with endurance training (ET). Three groups of mice were used including sedentary-control, ET mice, and HIIT mice groups. Results indicated ejection fraction was increased in HIIT compared with ET while fractional shortening was increased in the HIIT group compared with both groups. Blood flow of the abdominal aorta was increased in both exercise groups compared with control. Increases in cross-sectional area and mitochondrial and antioxidative markers in HIIT compared with control were observed, along with several microRNAs. These findings indicate HIIT has specific cardiac-protective effects and may be a viable alternative to traditional ET as a cardiovascular preventative medicine intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gregory J Weber
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Nicholas T Theilen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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23
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Toledo C, Andrade DC, Díaz HS, Pereyra KV, Schwarz KG, Díaz-Jara E, Oliveira LM, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Schultz HD, Marcus NJ, Del Rio R. Rostral ventrolateral medullary catecholaminergic neurones mediate irregular breathing pattern in volume overload heart failure rats. J Physiol 2019; 597:5799-5820. [PMID: 31642520 DOI: 10.1113/jp278845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS A strong association between disordered breathing patterns, elevated sympathetic activity, and enhanced central chemoreflex drive has been shown in experimental and human heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of catecholaminergic rostral ventrolateral medulla catecholaminergic neurones (RVLM-C1) to both haemodynamic and respiratory alterations in HF. Apnoea/hypopnoea incidence (AHI), breathing variability, respiratory-cardiovascular coupling, cardiac autonomic control and cardiac function were analysed in HF rats with or without selective ablation of RVLM-C1 neurones. Partial lesion (∼65%) of RVLM-C1 neurones reduces AHI, respiratory variability, and respiratory-cardiovascular coupling in HF rats. In addition, the deleterious effects of central chemoreflex activation on cardiac autonomic balance and cardiac function in HF rats was abolished by ablation of RVLM-C1 neurones. Our findings suggest that RVLM-C1 neurones play a pivotal role in breathing irregularities in volume overload HF, and mediate the sympathetic responses induced by acute central chemoreflex activation. ABSTRACT Rostral ventrolateral medulla catecholaminergic neurones (RVLM-C1) modulate sympathetic outflow and breathing under normal conditions. Heart failure (HF) is characterized by chronic RVLM-C1 activation, increased sympathetic activity and irregular breathing patterns. Despite studies showing a relationship between RVLM-C1 and sympathetic activity in HF, no studies have addressed a potential contribution of RVLM-C1 neurones to irregular breathing in this context. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of RVLM-C1 neurones to irregular breathing patterns in HF. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgery to induce volume overload HF. Anti-dopamine β-hydroxylase-saporin toxin (DβH-SAP) was used to selectively lesion RVLM-C1 neurones. At 8 weeks post-HF induction, breathing pattern, blood pressures (BP), respiratory-cardiovascular coupling (RCC), central chemoreflex function, cardiac autonomic control and cardiac function were studied. Reduction (∼65%) of RVLM-C1 neurones resulted in attenuation of irregular breathing, decreased apnoea-hypopnoea incidence (11.1 ± 2.9 vs. 6.5 ± 2.5 events h-1 ; HF+Veh vs. HF+DβH-SAP; P < 0.05) and improved cardiac autonomic control in HF rats. Pathological RCC was observed in HF rats (peak coherence >0.5 between breathing and cardiovascular signals) and was attenuated by DβH-SAP treatment (coherence: 0.74 ± 0.12 vs. 0.54 ± 0.10, HF+Veh vs. HF+DβH-SAP rats; P < 0.05). Central chemoreflex activation had deleterious effects on cardiac function and cardiac autonomic control in HF rats that were abolished by lesion of RVLM-C1 neurones. Our findings reveal that RVLM-C1 neurones play a major role in irregular breathing patterns observed in volume overload HF and highlight their contribution to cardiac dysautonomia and deterioration of cardiac function during chemoreflex activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherin V Pereyra
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Díaz-Jara
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luiz M Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Harold D Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Noah J Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Díaz HS, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Pereyra KV, Schwarz KG, Díaz-Jara E, Lucero C, Arce-Álvarez A, Schultz HD, Silva JN, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Marcus NJ, Del Rio R. Episodic stimulation of central chemoreceptor neurons elicits disordered breathing and autonomic dysfunction in volume overload heart failure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L27-L40. [PMID: 31617729 PMCID: PMC6985876 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00007.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced central chemoreflex (CC) gain is observed in volume overload heart failure (HF) and is correlated with autonomic dysfunction and breathing disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the CC in the development of respiratory and autonomic dysfunction in HF. Volume overload was surgically created to induce HF in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Radiotelemetry transmitters were implanted for continuous monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate. After recovering from surgery, conscious unrestrained rats were exposed to episodic hypercapnic stimulation [EHS; 10 cycles/5 min, inspiratory fraction of carbon dioxide (FICO2) 7%] in a whole body plethysmograph for recording of cardiorespiratory function. To determine the contribution of CC to cardiorespiratory variables, selective ablation of chemoreceptor neurons within the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) was performed via injection of saporin toxin conjugated to substance P (SSP-SAP). Vehicle-treated rats (HF+Veh and Sham+Veh) were used as controls for SSP-SAP experiments. Sixty minutes post-EHS, minute ventilation was depressed in sham animals relative to HF animals (ΔV̇e: -5.55 ± 2.10 vs. 1.24 ± 1.35 mL/min 100 g, P < 0.05; Sham+Veh vs. HF+Veh). Furthermore, EHS resulted in autonomic imbalance, cardiorespiratory entrainment, and ventilatory disturbances in HF+Veh but not Sham+Veh rats, and these effects were significantly attenuated by SSP-SAP treatment. Also, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly lower in HF+SSP-SAP rats compared with HF+Veh rats (AHI: 5.5 ± 0.8 vs. 14.4 ± 1.3 events/h, HF+SSP-SAP vs. HF+Veh, respectively, P < 0.05). Finally, EHS-induced respiratory-cardiovascular coupling in HF rats depends on RTN chemoreceptor neurons because it was reduced by SSP-SAP treatment. Overall, EHS triggers ventilatory plasticity and elicits cardiorespiratory abnormalities in HF that are largely dependent on RTN chemoreceptor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherin V Pereyra
- Laboratory Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Díaz-Jara
- Laboratory Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Lucero
- Laboratory Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Arce-Álvarez
- Laboratory Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Harold D Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Josiane N Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noah J Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia de Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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25
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Cardoso FB, Antunes-Correa LM, Silva TQAC, Silva LM, Toledo C, Ribeiro VC, Paim LR, Neilan TG, Velloso L, Nadruz W, Ramos CD, Dertkigil SS, Schreiber R, Sposito A, Matos-Souza JR, Berwanger O, Jerosch-Herold M, Coelho-Filho OR. Noninvasive imaging assessment of rehabilitation therapy in heart failure with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (IMAGING-REHAB-HF): design and rationale. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319868376. [PMID: 31489153 PMCID: PMC6709440 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319868376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown significant benefits of exercise therapy in heart failure
(HF) with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with a preserved
ejection fraction (HFpEF). The mechanisms responsible for the beneficial
effect of exercise in HFrEF and HFpEF are still unclear. We hypothesized
that the effect of exercise on myocardial remodeling may explain its
beneficial effect. Methods: IMAGING-REHAB-HF is a single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial
using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, vasomotor endothelial function,
cardiac sympathetic activity imaging and serum biomarkers to compare the
effect of exercise therapy in HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 45%) and HFrEF (LVEF < 45%).
Subjects will be assessed at baseline and after 4 months. The exercise
program will consist of three 60-min exercise sessions/week. The primary
endpoints are the effect of exercise on myocardial extracellular volume
(ECV), left ventricular (LV) systolic function, LV mass, LV mass-to-volume
and LV cardiomyocyte volume. Secondary endpoints include the effect of
exercise on vasomotor endothelial function, cardiac sympathetic activity and
plasmatic biomarkers. Patients will be allocated in a 2:1 fashion to
supervised exercise program or usual care. A total sample size of 90
patients, divided into two groups according to LVEF:HFpEF group (45
patients:30 in the intervention arm and 15 in the control arm) and HFrEF
group (45 patients:30 in the intervention arm and 15 in the control arm) –
will be necessary to achieve adequate power. Conclusion: This will be the first study to evaluate the benefits of a rehabilitation
program on cardiac remodeling in HF patients. The unique design of our study
may provide unique data to further elucidate the mechanisms involved in
reverse cardiac remodeling after exercise in HFpEF and HFrEF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Miguel Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilla Toledo
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Layde R Paim
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lício Velloso
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Darío Ramos
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio S Dertkigil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Schreiber
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrei Sposito
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Otávio Berwanger
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Jerosch-Herold
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Otávio Rizzi Coelho-Filho
- Discipline of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Vital Brasil,251- Cidade Universitária 'Zeferino Vaz', Campinas, SP, CEP:13083-888, Brazil
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26
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Toledo C, Lucero C, Andrade DC, Díaz HS, Schwarz KG, Pereyra KV, Arce-Álvarez A, López NA, Martinez M, Inestrosa NC, Del Rio R. Cognitive impairment in heart failure is associated with altered Wnt signaling in the hippocampus. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5924-5942. [PMID: 31447429 PMCID: PMC6738419 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age represents the highest risk factor for death due to cardiovascular disease. Heart failure (HF) is the most common cardiovascular disease in elder population and it is associated with cognitive impairment (CI), diminishing learning and memory process affecting life quality and mortality in these patients. In HF, CI has been associated with inadequate O2 supply to the brain; however, an important subset of HF patients displays CI with almost no alteration in cerebral blood flow. Importantly, nothing is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning CI in HF with no change in brain tissue perfusion. Here, we aimed to study memory performance and learning function in a rodent model of HF that shows no change in blood flow going to the brain. We found that HF rats presented learning impairments and memory loss. In addition, HF rats displayed a decreased level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream elements in the hippocampus, one pathway implicated largely in aging diseases. Taken together, our results suggest that in HF rats CI is associated with dysfunction of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The mechanisms involved in the alterations of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HF and its contribution to the development/maintenance of CI deserves future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia de Biomedicina en Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Claudia Lucero
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherin V Pereyra
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Arce-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás A López
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Milka Martinez
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia de Biomedicina en Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia de Biomedicina en Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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27
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Andrade DC, Toledo C, Díaz HS, Lucero C, Arce-Álvarez A, Oliveira LM, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Schultz HD, Marcus NJ, Alcayaga J, Del Rio R. Ablation of brainstem C1 neurons improves cardiac function in volume overload heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:393-405. [PMID: 30626730 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a hallmark of heart failure (HF) and is positively correlated with disease progression. Catecholaminergic (C1) neurons located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are known to modulate sympathetic outflow and are hyperactivated in volume overload HF. However, there is no conclusive evidence showing a contribution of RVLM-C1 neurons to the development of cardiac dysfunction in the setting of HF. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of RVLM-C1 neurons in cardiac autonomic control and deterioration of cardiac function in HF rats. A surgical arteriovenous shunt was created in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to induce HF. RVLM-C1 neurons were selectively ablated using cell-specific immunotoxin (dopamine-β hydroxylase saporin [DβH-SAP]) and measures of cardiac autonomic tone, function, and arrhythmia incidence were evaluated. Cardiac autonomic imbalance, arrhythmogenesis and cardiac dysfunction were present in HF rats and improved after DβH-SAP toxin treatment. Most importantly, the progressive decline in fractional shortening observed in HF rats was reduced by DβH-SAP toxin. Our results unveil a pivotal role played by RVLM-C1 neurons in cardiac autonomic imbalance, arrhythmogenesis and cardiac dysfunction in volume overload-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Lucero
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Arce-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luiz M Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana C Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Thiago S Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Harold D Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE, U.S.A
| | - Noah J Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines IA, U.S.A
| | - Julio Alcayaga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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28
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Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental observations tend to prove that environment, lifestyle or nutritional challenges influence heart functions together with genetic factors. Furthermore, when occurring during sensitive windows of heart development, these environmental challenges can induce an 'altered programming' of heart development and shape the future heart disease risk. In the etiology of heart diseases driven by environmental challenges, epigenetics has been highlighted as an underlying mechanism, constituting a bridge between environment and heart health. In particular, micro-RNAs which are involved in each step of heart development and functions seem to play a crucial role in the unfavorable programming of heart diseases. This review describes the latest advances in micro-RNA research in heart diseases driven by early exposure to challenges and discusses the use of micro-RNAs as potential targets in the reversal of the pathophysiology.
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29
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Andrade DC, Arce-Alvarez A, Toledo C, Díaz HS, Lucero C, Quintanilla RA, Schultz HD, Marcus NJ, Amann M, Del Rio R. Revisiting the physiological effects of exercise training on autonomic regulation and chemoreflex control in heart failure: does ejection fraction matter? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H464-H474. [PMID: 29167119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00407.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global public health problem that, independent of its etiology [reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)], is characterized by functional impairments of cardiac function, chemoreflex hypersensitivity, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) impairment, and abnormal autonomic regulation, all of which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. Exercise training (ExT) has been identified as a nonpharmacological therapy capable of restoring normal autonomic function and improving survival in patients with HFrEF. Improvements in autonomic function after ExT are correlated with restoration of normal peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity and BRS in HFrEF. To date, few studies have addressed the effects of ExT on chemoreflex control, BRS, and cardiac autonomic control in HFpEF; however, there are some studies that have suggested that ExT has a beneficial effect on cardiac autonomic control. The beneficial effects of ExT on cardiac function and autonomic control in HF may have important implications for functional capacity in addition to their obvious importance to survival. Recent studies have suggested that the peripheral chemoreflex may also play an important role in attenuating exercise intolerance in HFrEF patients. The role of the central/peripheral chemoreflex, if any, in mediating exercise intolerance in HFpEF has not been investigated. The present review focuses on recent studies that address primary pathophysiological mechanisms of HF (HFrEF and HFpEF) and the potential avenues by which ExT exerts its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Arce-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Claudia Lucero
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Harold D Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Noah J Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Markus Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes , Punta Arenas , Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneracion, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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