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Ennis S, Sandhu HK, Bruce J, Seers K, Pincus T, Underwood M, McGregor G. Development of a complex exercise rehabilitation intervention for people with pulmonary hypertension: the supervised pulmonary hypertension exercise rehabilitation (SPHERe) trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066053. [PMID: 37536964 PMCID: PMC10401230 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are not routinely referred for exercise rehabilitation despite the potential for reducing breathlessness and improving quality of life. We describe the development of a supervised pulmonary hypertension exercise rehabilitation (SPHERe) programme for people with PH. METHODS Development was completed in three phases: (1) systematic review, (2) stakeholder engagement with consensus from patients and experts and (3) prepilot intervention acceptability testing. We completed systematic reviews to identify international cardiopulmonary rehabilitation guidance and trials of exercise-based interventions for people with PH. Evidence from systematic reviews and stakeholder consensus shaped the SPHERe intervention, including addition of individual behavioural support sessions to promote exercise adherence. The draft SPHERe intervention was ratified through discussions with multidisciplinary professionals and people living with PH. We acceptability tested the centre-based intervention with eight participants in a prepilot development phase which identified a number of condition-specific issues relating to safety and fear avoidance of activity. Comprehensive intervention practitioner training manuals were produced to ensure standardised delivery. Participant workbooks were developed and piloted. Trial recruitment began in January 2020 but was subsequently suspended in March 2020 further to COVID-19 pandemic 'lockdowns'. In response to the pandemic, we undertook further development work to redesign the intervention to be suitable for exclusively home-based online delivery. Recruitment to the revised protocol began in June 2021. DISCUSSION The final SPHERe intervention incorporated weekly home-based online group exercise and behavioural support 'coaching' sessions supervised by trained practitioners, with a personalised home exercise plan and the optional loan of a stationary exercise bike. The intervention was fully manualised with clear pathways for assessment and individualised exercise prescription. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of the SPHERe online rehabilitation intervention is currently being tested in a UK multicentre randomised controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISCRTN10608766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Ennis
- Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Julie Bruce
- Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kate Seers
- Royal College of Nursing Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Tamar Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Royal Hollaway University, London, UK
| | - Martin Underwood
- Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Gordon McGregor
- Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Morris NR, Kermeen FD, Jones AW, Lee JY, Holland AE. Exercise-based rehabilitation programmes for pulmonary hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 3:CD011285. [PMID: 36947725 PMCID: PMC10032353 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011285.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have reduced exercise capacity and quality of life. Despite initial concerns that exercise training may worsen symptoms in this group, several studies have reported improvements in functional capacity and well-being following exercise-based rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of exercise-based rehabilitation for people with PH compared with usual care or no exercise-based rehabilitation. SEARCH METHODS We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was 28 June 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in people with PH comparing supervised exercise-based rehabilitation programmes with usual care or no exercise-based rehabilitation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were 1. exercise capacity, 2. serious adverse events during the intervention period and 3. health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our secondary outcomes were 4. cardiopulmonary haemodynamics, 5. Functional Class, 6. clinical worsening during follow-up, 7. mortality and 8. changes in B-type natriuretic peptide. We used GRADE to assess certainty of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included eight new studies in the current review, which now includes 14 RCTs. We extracted data from 11 studies. The studies had low- to moderate-certainty evidence with evidence downgraded due to inconsistencies in the data and performance bias. The total number of participants in meta-analyses comparing exercise-based rehabilitation to control groups was 462. The mean age of the participants in the 14 RCTs ranged from 35 to 68 years. Most participants were women and classified as Group I pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Study durations ranged from 3 to 25 weeks. Exercise-based programmes included both inpatient- and outpatient-based rehabilitation that incorporated both upper and lower limb exercise. The mean six-minute walk distance following exercise-based rehabilitation was 48.52 metres higher than control (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.42 to 63.62; I² = 72%; 11 studies, 418 participants; low-certainty evidence), the mean peak oxygen uptake was 2.07 mL/kg/min higher than control (95% CI 1.57 to 2.57; I² = 67%; 7 studies, 314 participants; low-certainty evidence) and the mean peak power was 9.69 W higher than control (95% CI 5.52 to 13.85; I² = 71%; 5 studies, 226 participants; low-certainty evidence). Three studies reported five serious adverse events; however, exercise-based rehabilitation was not associated with an increased risk of serious adverse event (risk difference 0, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.03; I² = 0%; 11 studies, 439 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The mean change in HRQoL for the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) Physical Component Score was 3.98 points higher (95% CI 1.89 to 6.07; I² = 38%; 5 studies, 187 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and for the SF-36 Mental Component Score was 3.60 points higher (95% CI 1.21 to 5.98 points; I² = 0%; 5 RCTs, 186 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There were similar effects in the subgroup analyses for participants with Group 1 PH versus studies of groups with mixed PH. Two studies reported mean reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure following exercise-based rehabilitation (mean reduction: 9.29 mmHg, 95% CI -12.96 to -5.61; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 133 participants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In people with PH, supervised exercise-based rehabilitation may result in a large increase in exercise capacity. Changes in exercise capacity remain heterogeneous and cannot be explained by subgroup analysis. It is likely that exercise-based rehabilitation increases HRQoL and is probably not associated with an increased risk of a serious adverse events. Exercise training may result in a large reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Overall, we assessed the certainty of the evidence to be low for exercise capacity and mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and moderate for HRQoL and adverse events. Future RCTs are needed to inform the application of exercise-based rehabilitation across the spectrum of people with PH, including those with chronic thromboembolic PH, PH with left-sided heart disease and those with more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R Morris
- Allied Health Research Collaborative, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Social Work and Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Fiona D Kermeen
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Arwel W Jones
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanna Yt Lee
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne E Holland
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Physiotherapy, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, Australia
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Smyth RM, Neder JA, James MD, Vincent SG, Milne KM, Marillier M, de-Torres JP, Moran-Mendoza O, O'Donnell DE, Phillips DB. Physiological underpinnings of exertional dyspnoea in mild fibrosing interstitial lung disease. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 312:104041. [PMID: 36858334 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The functional disturbances driving "out-of-proportion" dyspnoea in patients with fibrosing interstitial lung disease (f-ILD) showing only mild restrictive abnormalities remain poorly understood. Eighteen patients (10 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) showing preserved spirometry and mildly reduced total lung capacity (≥70% predicted) and 18 controls underwent an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test with measurements of operating lung volumes and Borg dyspnoea scores. Patients' lower exercise tolerance was associated with higher ventilation (V̇E)/carbon dioxide (V̇CO2) compared with controls (V̇E/V̇CO2 nadir=35 ± 3 versus 29 ± 2; p < 0.001). Patients showed higher tidal volume/inspiratory capacity and lower inspiratory reserve volume at a given exercise intensity, reporting higher dyspnoea scores as a function of both work rate and V̇E. Steeper dyspnoea-work rate slopes were associated with lower lung diffusing capacity, higher V̇E/V̇CO2, and lower peak O2 uptake (p < 0.05). Heightened ventilatory demands in the setting of progressively lower capacity for tidal volume expansion on exertion largely explain higher-than-expected dyspnoea in f-ILD patients with largely preserved dynamic and "static" lung volumes at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald M Smyth
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Matthew D James
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Sandra G Vincent
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Kathryn M Milne
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care Research Institute, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Marillier
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1300, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.
| | - Juan P de-Torres
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Onofre Moran-Mendoza
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Devin B Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Gong X, Hu M, Li M. Relationship of arterial tonometry and exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:345. [PMID: 35909113 PMCID: PMC9341099 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial stiffness is a common characteristic in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and arterial tonometric technologies related to arterial stiffness are novel and effective methods and have an important value in the diagnosis and prognosis of CHF. In terms of ameliorating arterial stiffness in patients with CHF, exercise training is considered an adjuvant treatment and also an effective means in the diagnosis and judgment of prognosis. However, there are huge controversies and inconsistencies in these aspects. The objective of this meta-analysis was to systematically test the connection of arterial tonometry and exercise in patients with CHF. Methods Databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, were accessed from inception to 7 March 2022. The meta-analysis was then conducted, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed jointly to further verify our tests and reach more convincing conclusions by using RevMan version 5.4 software, STATA version 16.0 software, and TSA version 0.9.5.10 Beta software. Results Eighteen articles were included, with a total of 876 participants satisfying the inclusion criteria. The pooling revealed that flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was lower in basal condition [standardized mean difference (SMD): − 2.28%, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 3.47 to − 1.08, P < 0.001] and improved significantly after exercise (SMD: 5.96%, 95% CI 2.81 to 9.05, P < 0.001) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) compared with healthy participants. The high-intensity training exercise was more beneficial (SMD: 2.88%, 95% CI 1.78 to 3.97, P < 0.001) than the moderate-intensity training exercise to improve FMD in patients with CHF. For augmentation index (AIx), our study indicated no significant differences (SMD: 0.50%, 95% CI − 0.05 to 1.05, P = 0.074) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) compared with healthy participants. However, other outcomes of our study were not identified after further verification using TSA, and more high-quality studies are needed to reach definitive conclusions in the future. Conclusions This review shows that FMD is lower in basal condition and improves significantly after exercise in patients with HFrEF compared with healthy population; high-intensity training exercise is more beneficial than moderate-intensity training exercise to improve FMD in patients with CHF; besides, there are no significant differences in AIx in patients with HFpEF compared with the healthy population. More high-quality studies on this topic are warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02792-6.
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de Bisschop C, Caron F, Ingrand P, Bretonneau Q, Dupuy O, Meurice JC. Does branched-chain amino acid supplementation improve pulmonary rehabilitation effect in COPD? Respir Med 2021; 189:106642. [PMID: 34678585 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting is frequent in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and associated with low branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). We hypothesized that BCAA supplementation could potentiate the effect of a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) by inducing muscular change. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty COPD patients (GOLD 2-3) were involved in an ambulatory 4-week PRP either with BCAA oral daily supplementation or placebo daily supplementation in a randomized double-blind design. Maximal exercise test including quadriceps oxygenation measurements, functional exercise test, muscle strength, lung function tests, body composition, dyspnea and quality of life were assessed before and after PRP. RESULTS Fifty-four patients (64.9 ± 8.3 years) completed the protocol. In both groups, maximal exercise capacity, functional and muscle performances, quality of life and dyspnea were improved after 4-week PRP (p ≤ 0.01). Changes in muscle oxygenation during the maximal exercise and recovery period were not modified after 4-week PRP in BCAA group. Contrarily, in the placebo group the muscle oxygenation kinetic of recovery was slowed down after PRP. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a 4-week PRP with BCAA supplementation is not more beneficial than PRP alone for patients. A longer duration of supplementation or a more precise targeting of patients would need to be investigated to validate an effect on muscle recovery and to demonstrate other beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrice Caron
- CHU Poitiers, F-86000, Poitiers, France; Centre de Réadaptation Du Moulin Vert, F-86340, Nieuil L'espoir, France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, INSERM CIC 1402, F-86000, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Olivier Dupuy
- Université de Poitiers, MOVE, F-86000, Poitiers, France
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Miki K, Tsujino K, Maekuara R, Matsuki T, Miki M, Hashimoto H, Kagawa H, Kawasaki T, Kuge T, Kida H. Oxygen Extraction Based on Inspiratory and Expiratory Gas Analysis Identifies Ventilatory Inefficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:703977. [PMID: 34393822 PMCID: PMC8355815 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.703977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In contrast to cardiovascular disease, low rather than high ventilatory inefficiency, evaluated by the minute ventilation-carbon dioxide output (V'E-V'CO2)-slope, has been recognized as being related to greater disease severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To better care for patients with cardiopulmonary disease, understanding the physiological correlation between ventilatory inefficiency and exercise limitation is necessary, but remains inadequate. Given that oxygen uptake (V'O2) evaluated by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) depends on both the ventilatory capability and oxygen extraction, i.e., the difference between inspiratory and expiratory oxygen concentration (ΔFO2), the aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between V'E-V'CO2-slope and the ΔFO2 during exercise and their physiological implications in patients with COPD. Methods: A total of 156 COPD patients (mean age, 70.9 ± 7.2 years) with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages I–IV and 16 controls underwent CPET with blood gas analysis. Results: With the progression of COPD, mechanical ventilatory constraints together with a slower respiratory frequency led to exertional respiratory acidosis. In GOLD IV cases, (1) decrease in the dependence of reduced peak V'O2 on V'E led to an increase in its dependence on peak ΔFO2 during exercise; and (2) the ΔFO2-V'CO2-slope became steeper, correlating with the severity of exertional respiratory acidosis (r = 0.6359, p < 0.0001). No significant differences in peak exercise ΔFO2 or V'E-V'CO2-slope were observed among the various GOLD stages. In all subjects, including controls, peak exercise ΔFO2 had the strongest correlation with the V'E-V'CO2-slope (r = −0.8835, p < 0.0001) and correlated well with body mass index (r = 0.3871, p < 0.0001), although it did not correlate with the heart rate-V'CO2-relationship and V'E. Conclusions: Ventilatory efficiency related to CO2 clearance might depend on exertional oxygen extraction in the body. Measuring ΔFO2 might be a key component for identifying ventilatory inefficiency and oxygen availability. Increasing ΔFO2 would help to improve ventilatory inefficiency and exercise tolerance separately from cardiac and ventilatory capability in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Miki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tsujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Ryoji Maekuara
- Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Jikei Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Mari Miki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hisako Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kuge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Japan
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Marillier M, Bernard AC, Verges S, Moran-Mendoza O, O'Donnell DE, Neder JA. Oxygen supplementation during exercise improves leg muscle fatigue in chronic fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Thorax 2021; 76:672-680. [PMID: 33542089 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced hypoxaemia is a hallmark of chronic fibrotic interstitial lung disease (f-ILD). It remains unclear whether patients' severe hypoxaemia may exaggerate locomotor muscle fatigue and, if so, to what extent oxygen (O2) supplementation can ameliorate these abnormalities. METHODS Fifteen patients (12 males, 9 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) performed a constant-load (60% peak work rate) cycle test to symptom limitation (Tlim) while breathing medical air. Fifteen age-matched and sex-matched controls cycled up to patients' Tlim. Patients repeated the exercise test on supplemental O2 (42%±7%) for the same duration. Near-infrared spectroscopy assessed vastus lateralis oxyhaemoglobin concentration ((HbO2)). Pre-exercise to postexercise variation in twitch force (∆Tw) induced by femoral nerve magnetic stimulation quantified muscle fatigue. RESULTS Patients showed severe hypoxaemia (lowest O2 saturation by pulse oximetry=80.0%±7.6%) which was associated with a blunted increase in muscle (HbO2) during exercise vs controls (+1.3±0.3 µmol vs +4.4±0.4 µmol, respectively; p<0.001). Despite exercising at work rates ∼ one-third lower than controls (42±13 W vs 66±13 W), ∆Tw was greater in patients (∆Tw/external work performed by the leg muscles=-0.59±0.21 %/kJ vs -0.25±0.19 %/kJ; p<0.001). Reversal of exertional hypoxaemia with supplemental O2 was associated with a significant increase in muscle (HbO2), leading to a reduced decrease in ∆Tw in patients (-0.33±0.19 %/kJ; p<0.001 vs air). Supplemental O2 significantly improved leg discomfort (p=0.005). CONCLUSION O2 supplementation during exercise improves leg muscle oxygenation and fatigue in f-ILD. Lessening peripheral muscle fatigue to enhance exercise tolerance is a neglected therapeutic target that deserves clinical attention in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Marillier
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- 2HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, Isere, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Bernard
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- 2HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, Isere, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- 2HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, Isere, France
| | - Onofre Moran-Mendoza
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - José Alberto Neder
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Hsu KJ, Chien KY, Tsai SC, Tsai YS, Liao YH, Chen JJ, Chen YR, Chen CN. Effects of Exercise Alone or in Combination with High-Protein Diet on Muscle Function, Aerobic Capacity, and Physical Function in Middle-Aged Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:727-734. [PMID: 34179925 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity accelerates and exacerbates the age-related changes on muscle function and exercise capacity. In addition, the middle-aged population is often overlooked when talking about the prevention of sarcopenia. This study investigated the effects of exercise alone or in combination with a high-protein diet on muscle function and physical fitness in middle-aged obese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-nine middle-aged (50-64 years old) obese adults were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control group (C; n=23), exercise group (E; n=23) or exercise plus high-protein group (EP; n=23). Individuals within the E and EP groups received 12 weeks of exercise training; whereas, the individuals in the EP group also received a high-protein diet intervention (1.6g/kg/day). Individuals within the C group were asked to maintain their lifestyle for 12 weeks. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention. Outcome measures included maximal exercise capacity, muscle function and functional physical performance. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the effects of the intervention. RESULTS After the intervention, the E and EP groups had greater maximal work rate, peak oxygen consumption, and muscle power during muscle contractions at 180°/sec than that in the C group (P<0.05). The EP group, but not the E group, showed significant improvement in the sit-to-stand test and climbing stairs test than the C group after the intervention (P<0.05). Within group comparisons showed that the anaerobic threshold only increased in the EP group (+12% from pre-test). CONCLUSIONS For middle-aged obese adults, exercise with a high-protein diet not only improved muscle power and exercise capacity but also enhanced their functional physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-J Hsu
- Chiao-Nan Chen, PhD, PT, Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155, Sec. 2, Li-nong St., Taipei 112, Taiwan, Phone: 886-2-28267164, E-mail:
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Effects of bi-level positive airway pressure on ventilatory and perceptual responses to exercise in comorbid heart failure-COPD. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 266:18-26. [PMID: 31005600 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that, by increasing the volume available for tidal expansion (inspiratory capacity, IC), bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP™) would lead to greater beneficial effects on dyspnea and exercise intolerance in comorbid heart failure (HF)-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than HF alone. Ten patients with HF and 9 with HF-COPD (ejection fraction = 30 ± 6% and 35 ± 7%; FEV1 = 83 ± 12% and 65 ± 15% predicted, respectively) performed a discontinuous exercise protocol under sham ventilation or BiPAP™. Time to intolerance increased with BiPAP™ only in HF-COPD (p < 0.05). BiPAP™ led to higher tidal volume and lower duty cycle with longer expiratory time (p < 0.05). Of note, BiPAP™ improved IC (by ∼0.5 l) across exercise intensities only in HF-COPD. These beneficial consequences were associated with lower dyspnea scores at higher levels of ventilation (p < 0.05). By improving the qualitative" (breathing pattern and operational lung volumes) and sensory (dyspnea) features of exertional ventilation, BiPAP™ might allow higher exercise intensities to be sustained for longer during cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in HF-COPD.
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Rocha A, Arbex FF, Sperandio PA, Mancuso F, Marillier M, Bernard AC, Alencar MCN, O'Donnell DE, Neder JA. Exercise intolerance in comorbid COPD and heart failure: the role of impaired aerobic function. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.02386-2018. [PMID: 30765506 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02386-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Impaired aerobic function is a potential mechanism of exercise intolerance in patients with combined cardiorespiratory disease. We investigated the pathophysiological and sensory consequences of a low change in oxygen uptake (ΔV'O2 )/change in work rate (ΔWR) relationship during incremental exercise in patients with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and systolic heart failure (HF).After clinical stabilisation, 51 COPD-HF patients performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test to symptom limitation. Cardiac output was non-invasively measured (impedance cardiography) in a subset of patients (n=18).27 patients presented with ΔV'O2 /ΔWR below the lower limit of normal. Despite similar forced expiratory volume in 1 s and ejection fraction, the low ΔV'O2 /ΔWR group showed higher end-diastolic volume, lower inspiratory capacity and lower transfer factor compared to their counterparts (p<0.05). Peak WR and peak V'O2 were ∼15% and ∼30% lower, respectively, in the former group: those findings were associated with greater symptom burden in daily life and at a given exercise intensity (leg discomfort and dyspnoea). The low ΔV'O2 /ΔWR group presented with other evidences of impaired aerobic function (sluggish V'O2 kinetics, earlier anaerobic threshold) and cardiocirculatory performance (lower oxygen pulse, lower stroke volume and cardiac output) (p<0.05). Despite similar exertional hypoxaemia, they showed worse ventilatory inefficiency and higher operating lung volumes, which led to greater mechanical inspiratory constraints (p<0.05).Impaired aerobic function due to negative cardiopulmonary-muscular interactions is an important determinant of exercise intolerance in patients with COPD-HF. Treatment strategies to improve oxygen delivery to and/or utilisation by the peripheral muscles might prove particularly beneficial to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcides Rocha
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respirology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio F Arbex
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respirology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila A Sperandio
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respirology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico Mancuso
- Division of Cardiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Marillier
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology and Respiratory Investigation Unit, Queen's University and Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anne-Catherine Bernard
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology and Respiratory Investigation Unit, Queen's University and Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Clara N Alencar
- Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respirology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology and Respiratory Investigation Unit, Queen's University and Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology and Respiratory Investigation Unit, Queen's University and Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
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11
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Crimi C, Heffler E, Augelletti T, Campisi R, Noto A, Vancheri C, Crimi N. Utility of ultrasound assessment of diaphragmatic function before and after pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3131-3139. [PMID: 30349221 PMCID: PMC6183592 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s171134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may improve respiratory symptoms and skeletal muscle strength in patients with COPD. We aimed to evaluate changes in ultrasound (US) measurements of diaphragmatic mobility and thickness after PR in COPD patients and to test its correlation with PR outcomes. Methods Twenty-five COPD patients were enrolled and underwent a diaphragm US assessment before and after a 12-week PR program. Results We found a correlation between the intraindividual percentage of change in the diaphragmatic length of zone of apposition at functional residual capacity (ΔLzapp%) and the change in 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) after PR (rho=0.49, P=0.02). ΔLzapp% was significantly higher in patients with improved 6MWD and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score (mean rank=12.03±2.57 vs 6.88±4.37; P=0.02). A ΔLzapp% of ≥10% was able to discriminate among patients with improved 6MWD, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 74%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for ΔLzapp% was 0.83. A cutoff value of ≥9% of ΔLzapp% had a positive predictive value in discriminating a reduction in ≥2 points of CAT score after PR, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 80% and 62%, respectively. Conclusion Diaphragm US assessment represents a useful prognostic marker of PR outcomes in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy,
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Augelletti
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Campisi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy,
| | - Alberto Noto
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, AOU Policinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Regional Referral Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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12
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Lan CC, Yang MC, Huang HC, Wu CW, Su WL, Tzeng IS, Wu YK. Serial changes in exercise capacity, quality of life and cardiopulmonary responses after pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart Lung 2018; 47:477-484. [PMID: 30201226 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often have poor health-related quality of life (HRQL), exercise capacity and cardiopulmonary function. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is beneficial to improve exercise capacity and HRQL. However, series changes of these parameters remain unclear. METHODS Forty-three subjects participated in a 3-months PR program. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and at 8, 16, and 24 sessions after PR. RESULTS After 8 sessions, there were significant improvements in the SGRQ-symptom domain, exertional dyspnea, and oxygen pulse (all p < 0.05). Maximal VO2, SGRQ-activity and SGRQ-impact domains, and respiratory muscle strength were significantly improved after 16 and 24 sessions (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Eight sessions of exercise training lead to improvement of symptoms and exertional dyspnea. 16 to 24 sessions result in further improvement. We suggest patients receive 16 to 24 sessions of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Chin Lan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Huang
- College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Su
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kuang Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Thomaz SR, Teixeira FA, de Lima ACGB, Cipriano Júnior G, Formiga MF, Cahalin LP. Osteopathic manual therapy in heart failure patients: A randomized clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 22:293-299. [PMID: 29861222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart Failure (HF) patients usually present with increased arterial resistance and reduced blood pressure (BP) leading to an impaired functional capacity. Osteopathic Manual Therapy (OMT) focused on myofascial release techniques (MRT) and in the balancing of diaphragmatic tensions, has been shown to improve blood flow in individuals using the resistive index (RI). However, its effects in HF patients have not been examined. PURPOSE To evaluate the acute response of selected osteopathic techniques on RI, heart rate (HR), and BP in patients with HF. METHODS Randomized-controlled clinical trial of HF patients assigned to MRT (six different techniques with three aimed at the pelvis, two at the thorax, and one at the neck for 15 min) or Control group (subjects in supine position for 15 min without intervention). The RI of the femoral, brachial and carotid arteries was measured via doppler ultrasound while HR and BP were measured via sphygmomanometry before and after a single MRT or control intervention. RESULTS Twenty-two HF patients equally distributed (50% male, mean age 53 years; range 32-69 years) (ejection fraction = 35.6%, VO2peak: 12.9 mL/kg-1 min-1) were evaluated. We found no intra or inter group differences in RI of the carotid (ΔMRT: 0.07% vs Δ Control:11.8%), brachial (ΔMRT:0.17% vs ΔControl: 2.9%), or femoral arteries (ΔMRT:1.65% vs ΔControl: 0.97%) (P > 0.05) and no difference in HR or BP (ΔMRT:0.6% vs ΔControl: 3%), (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION A single MRT session did not significantly change the RI, HR, or BP of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio R Thomaz
- Sciences and Technologies in Health's Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Felipe A Teixeira
- Sciences and Technologies in Health's Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Alexandra C G B de Lima
- Sciences and Technologies in Health's Sciences Program, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gerson Cipriano Júnior
- Physical Education and Rehabilitation Science PhD Program, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Magno F Formiga
- Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Lawrence Patrick Cahalin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) frequently coexist, significantly reducing the patient's quality of life (QoL) and increasing morbidity, disability and mortality. For both diseases, a multidisciplinary disease-management approach offers the best outcomes and reduces hospital readmissions. In both conditions, muscle dysfunction may dramatically influence symptoms, exercise tolerance/performance, health status and healthcare costs. The present review describes muscular abnormalities and mechanisms underlying these alterations. This review also discusses studies on training programs for patients with COPD, CHF and, where available, combined COPD-CHF diagnosis. Dyspnea, peripheral muscles and activities of daily living (ADL) represent a potential starting point for improving patients' functioning level and quality of life in COPD and CHF. A synergy of the combined diagnostic, pharmacological and rehabilitation treatment interventions is also essential. Integration between exercise training, drug therapy and nutritional care could be a valid, synergic and tailored approach for patients presenting with both diseases, and may have a positive impact on the exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vitacca
- a Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit , Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Lumezzane , Brescia , Italy
| | - Mara Paneroni
- a Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit , Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Lumezzane , Brescia , Italy
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Paneroni M, Simonelli C, Laveneziana P, Gobbo M, Saleri M, Bianchi L, Vitacca M. The degree of arm elevation impacts the endurance and cardiopulmonary adaptations of COPD patients performing upper-limb exercise: a cross-over study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2018; 54:690-697. [PMID: 29684979 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.18.04962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), upper limb exercise is widely recommended. However, how the degree of shoulder flexion may influence the exercise response is unknown. AIM We compared metabolic, ventilatory and symptomatic responses during constant-load supported and unsupported exercise performed at 80° and 120° arm elevation. DESIGN Randomized cross-over study. SETTING Pulmonary Pathophysiology Service in an Italian Respiratory Rehabilitative Division, in-patients were enrolled. METHODS Twelve patients with moderate-to-severe COPD (FEV1 51%, BMI 26.7 ± 6.3 Kg/m2) performed 4 symptom-limited constant-load tests at 70% of their individual maximal workload: 2 supported and 2 unsupported, respectively at 80° and 120° of glenohumeral joint flexion, executed in a random order. RESULTS Time to exhaustion (Tlim), evaluated by Kaplan-Maier curve, was shorter at 120° than 80° arm elevation in both supported (360 vs.. 486 seconds, p=0.031) and unsupported exercise (210 vs.. 375 seconds, p=0.005). No difference in dynamic hyperinflation was found between 80° and 120° elevation, even at the peak of exercise and at iso-ventilation. When normalized to Tlim, 120° arm elevation had a significantly higher metabolic cost, heart rate, minute ventilation and dyspnea/fatigue symptoms compared to 80° elevation, both in unsupported and supported conditions. CONCLUSIONS A larger shoulder flexion shortens per se exercise endurance due to the increased metabolic, ventilatory and cardiac response, without worsening dynamic hyperinflation. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Arm position should be considered when prescribing individual exercise training and may be adjusted to modulate the workload.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierantonio Laveneziana
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Respiratory Neurophysiology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix Hospital Group, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspnée (Département "R3S", Pôle Pragues), Paris, France
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Bordoni B, Marelli F, Morabito B, Sacconi B. Depression and anxiety in patients with chronic heart failure. Future Cardiol 2018; 14:115-119. [DOI: 10.2217/fca-2017-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi IRCCS, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Hospitalization & Care with Scientific Address, S Maria Nascente, Via Capecelatro 66, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Fabiola Marelli
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research & Studies, Gorla Minore (VA) Piazza XXV Aprile 4, 21055, Italy
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research & Studies, Via Fanella, 91 61032 Fano (Pesaro Urbino), Italy
| | - Bruno Morabito
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research & Studies, Gorla Minore (VA) Piazza XXV Aprile 4, 21055, Italy
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research & Studies, Via Fanella, 91 61032 Fano (Pesaro Urbino), Italy
- Department of Radiological, Oncological & Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sacconi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological & Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, Italy
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure are at high risk for readmission within 30 days of discharge. Since physical inactivity is associated with increased health care utilization in other diseases, it may predict rehospitalization in heart failure. METHODS In a single-center, prospective study, physical activity was measured following hospital discharge using an accelerometer on the wrist. We then related this activity to the 30-day all-cause rehospitalization rate in heart failure. Each minute of activity was dichotomized into higher or lower intensity, based on a threshold of 3000 vector magnitude units. Counts above this threshold corresponded to a higher level of physical activity. Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to relate the activity group to 30-day readmissions. RESULTS Ninety-five patients admitted to a heart failure unit were screened; 61 met inclusion criteria and provided consent. Fifty patients were evaluated. Forty-six percent were male, mean age was 71 ± 15 years, and 46% had left ventricular ejection fraction <40%. Thirty-day all-cause hospitalizations occurred in 13 of these 50 patients (26%). Sixty-six percent and 34% were dichotomized into the higher and lower physical activity groups, respectively, over the first week; the latter were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days, with an OR = 5.0 (95% CI, 1.3-19.1), P = .02. CONCLUSION Physical inactivity is related to 30-day all-cause readmissions for heart failure. Further studies are necessary to assess causality and to determine whether treatments directed at increasing physical activity could reduce readmission rate.
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Dysfunctional breathing is more frequent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than in asthma and in health. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 247:20-23. [PMID: 28870869 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Involuntary adaptations of breathing patterns to counter breathlessness may lead to dysfunctional breathing in obstructive lung diseases. However, no studies examining dysfunctional breathing in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have been reported. Patients with verified COPD (n=34), asthma (n=37) and a healthy control group (n=41) were recruited. All participants completed the Nijmegen questionnaire for dysfunctional breathing as well as measures of disease activity. Comparisons between groups employed analysis of variance with post-hoc Bonferroni analyses and Pearson correlation for associations. Patients with COPD had significantly higher Nijmegen questionnaire scores than asthmatics (COPD: 23.4±10.6 versus 17.3±10.6, p=0.016) and healthy individuals (14.3±9.6, p=0.002). Significantly more patients with COPD had severe dysfunctional breathing with Nijmegen scores >23 (47%; 16/34) compared to asthma (27%; 10/37) and healthy controls (17%; 7/41) respectively (p=0.019). Dysfunctional breathing was detected in ∼50% of patients with COPD, more so than in asthma or health. Strategies to reduce abnormal breathing behaviours may have important benefits for treatment of breathlessness in COPD.
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Albuquerque ALPD, Quaranta M, Chakrabarti B, Aliverti A, Calverley PM. Exercise performance and differences in physiological response to pulmonary rehabilitation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with hyperinflation. J Bras Pneumol 2017; 42:121-9. [PMID: 27167433 PMCID: PMC4853065 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562015000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise capacity in most but not all COPD patients. The factors associated with treatment success and the role of chest wall mechanics remain unclear. We investigated the impact of PR on exercise performance in COPD with severe hyperinflation. Methods: We evaluated 22 COPD patients (age, 66 ± 7 years; FEV1 = 37.1 ± 11.8% of predicted) who underwent eight weeks of aerobic exercise and strength training. Before and after PR, each patient also performed a six-minute walk test and an incremental cycle ergometer test. During the latter, we measured chest wall volumes (total and compartmental, by optoelectronic plethysmography) and determined maximal workloads. Results: We observed significant differences between the pre- and post-PR means for six-minute walk distance (305 ± 78 vs. 330 ± 96 m, p < 0.001) and maximal workload (33 ± 21 vs. 39 ± 20 W; p = 0.02). At equivalent workload settings, PR led to lower oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and minute ventilation. The inspiratory (operating) rib cage volume decreased significantly after PR. There were 6 patients in whom PR did not increase the maximal workload. After PR, those patients showed no significant decrease in VCO2 during exercise, had higher end-expiratory chest wall volumes with a more rapid shallow breathing pattern, and continued to experience symptomatic leg fatigue. Conclusions: In severe COPD, PR appears to improve oxygen consumption and reduce VCO2, with a commensurate decrease in respiratory drive, changes reflected in the operating chest wall volumes. Patients with severe post-exercise hyperinflation and leg fatigue might be unable to improve their maximal performance despite completing a PR program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnosh Toback
- Foothills Hospital, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, 1403, 29 Street N.W., Calgary,ABT2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Nancy Clark
- Foothills Hospital, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, 1403, 29 Street N.W., Calgary,ABT2N 2T9, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have reduced exercise capacity and quality of life. Despite initial concerns that exercise training may worsen symptoms in this group, several studies have reported improvements in functional capacity and well-being following exercise-based rehabilitation in PH. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of exercise-based rehabilitation for people with PH. Primary outcomes were exercise capacity, adverse events during the intervention period and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Secondary outcomes included cardiopulmonary haemodynamics, functional class, clinical worsening during follow-up, mortality and changes in B-type natriuretic peptide. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Airways Specialised Register of Trials up to August 2016, which is based on regular searches of CINAHL, AMED, Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and registries of clinical trials. In addition we searched CENTRAL and the PEDro database up to August 2016 and handsearched relevant journals. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on exercise-based rehabilitation programmes for PH. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers extracted data independently. For binary outcomes, we calculated odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval (CI), on an intention-to-treat basis. For continuous data, we estimated the mean difference (MD) between groups and its 95% CI. We employed a random-effects model for analyses. We assessed risk of bias for included studies and created 'Summary of findings' tables using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included six RCTs and were able to extract data from five studies. The majority of participants were Group I pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Study duration ranged from three to 15 weeks. Exercise programmes included both inpatient- and outpatient-based rehabilitation that incorporated both upper and lower limb exercise. The mean six-minute walk distance following exercise training was 60.12 metres higher than control (30.17 to 90.07 metres, n = 165, 5 RCTs, low-quality evidence; minimal important difference was 30 metres), the mean peak oxygen uptake was 2.4 ml/kg/minute higher (1.4 to 3.4 ml/kg/min, n = 145, 4 RCTs, low-quality evidence) and the mean peak power in the intervention groups was 16.4 W higher (10.9 to 22.0 higher, n = 145, 4 RCTs, low-quality evidence). The mean change in HRQoL for the SF-36 physical component score was 4.63 points higher (0.80 to 8.47 points, n = 33, 2 RCTs, low-quality evidence) and for the SF-36 mental component score was 4.17 points higher (0.01 to 8.34 points; n = 33; 2 RCTs, low-quality evidence). One study reported a single adverse event, where a participant stopped exercise training due to lightheadedness. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In people with PH, exercise-based rehabilitation results in clinically relevant improvements in exercise capacity. Exercise training was not associated with any serious adverse events. Whilst most studies reported improvements in HRQoL, these may not be clinically important. Overall, we assessed the quality of the evidence to be low. The small number of studies and lack of information on participant selection makes it difficult to generalise these results across the spectrum of people with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R Morris
- The Prince Charles HospitalAllied Health Research CollaborativeChermsideQueenslandAustralia
- Griffith UniversitySchool of Allied Health Sciences and Menzies Health InstituteNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Fiona D Kermeen
- The Prince Charles HospitalQueensland Lung Transplant ServiceBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Anne E Holland
- La Trobe UniversityDiscipline of PhysiotherapyMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3086
- The Alfred HospitalDepartment of PhysiotherapyMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3181
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Blumberg Y, Ertracht O, Gershon I, Bachner-Hinenzon N, Reuveni T, Atar S. High-Intensity Training Improves Global and Segmental Strains in Severe Congestive Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2017; 23:392-402. [PMID: 28069473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity training (HIT) is superior to moderate aerobic training (MAT) for improving quality of life in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) has recently been suggested for estimation of left ventricle global and regional function. We evaluated the utility of STE for characterizing differences in cardiac function following MAT or HIT in a CHF rat model. METHODS AND RESULTS After baseline physiologic assessment, CHF was induced by means of coronary artery ligation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Repeated measurements confirmed the presence of CHF (ejection fraction 52 ± 10%, global circumferential strain (GCS) 10.5 ± 4, and maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) 71 ± 11 mL⋅min-1⋅kg-1; P < .001 vs baseline for all). Subsequently, rats were divided into training protocols: sedentary (SED), MAT, or HIT. After the training period, rats underwent the same measurements and were killed. Training intensity improved V˙O2max (73 ± 13 mL⋅min-1⋅kg-1 in MAT [P < .01 vs baseline] and 82 ± 6 mL⋅min-1⋅kg-1 in HIT [P < .05 vs baseline or SED] and ejection fraction (50 ± 21% in MAT [P < .001 vs baseline] and 66 ± 7% in HIT [P > .05 vs baseline]). In addition, strains of specific segments adjacent to the infarct zone regained basal values (P > .05 vs baseline), whereas global cardiac functional parameters as assessed with the use of 2-dimensional echocardiography did not improve. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity exercise training improved function in myocardial segments remote from the scar, which resulted in compensatory cardiac remodeling. This effect is prominent, yet it could be detected only with the use of STE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Blumberg
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel; Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Offir Ertracht
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.
| | - Itai Gershon
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Tali Reuveni
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Shaul Atar
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
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Cannon DT, Coelho AC, Cao R, Cheng A, Porszasz J, Casaburi R, Rossiter HB. Skeletal muscle power and fatigue at the tolerable limit of ramp-incremental exercise in COPD. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:1365-1373. [PMID: 27660300 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00660.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue (a reduced power for a given activation) is common following exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether muscle fatigue, and reduced maximal voluntary locomotor power, are sufficient to limit whole body exercise in COPD is unknown. We hypothesized in COPD: 1) exercise is terminated with a locomotor muscle power reserve; 2) reduction in maximal locomotor power is related to ventilatory limitation; and 3) muscle fatigue at intolerance is less than age-matched controls. We used a rapid switch from hyperbolic to isokinetic cycling to measure the decline in peak isokinetic power at the limit of incremental exercise ("performance fatigue") in 13 COPD patients (FEV1 49 ± 17%pred) and 12 controls. By establishing the baseline relationship between muscle activity and isokinetic power, we apportioned performance fatigue into the reduction in muscle activation and muscle fatigue. Peak isokinetic power at intolerance was ~130% of peak incremental power in controls (274 ± 73 vs. 212 ± 84 W, P < 0.05), but ~260% in COPD patients (187 ± 141 vs. 72 ± 34 W, P < 0.05), greater than controls (P < 0.05). Muscle fatigue as a fraction of baseline peak isokinetic power was not different in COPD patients vs. controls (0.11 ± 0.20 vs. 0.19 ± 0.11). Baseline to intolerance, the median frequency of maximal isokinetic muscle activity, was unchanged in COPD patients but reduced in controls (+4.3 ± 11.6 vs. -5.5 ± 7.6%, P < 0.05). Performance fatigue as a fraction of peak incremental power was greater in COPD vs. controls and related to resting (FEV1/FVC) and peak exercise (V̇E/maximal voluntary ventilation) pulmonary function (r2 = 0.47 and 0.55, P < 0.05). COPD patients are more fatigable than controls, but this fatigue is insufficient to constrain locomotor power and define exercise intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Cannon
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.,School of Exercise & Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Ana Claudia Coelho
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.,Department of Pulmonology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and
| | - Robert Cao
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Andrew Cheng
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Janos Porszasz
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; .,Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Gómez-Cuba M, Perreau de Pinninck-Gaynés A, Planas-Balagué R, Manito N, González-Costello J. Rehabilitation in Heart Failure: Update and New Horizons. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40141-016-0125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Bordoni B, Marelli F, Morabito B, Sacconi B. Manual evaluation of the diaphragm muscle. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:1949-56. [PMID: 27574419 PMCID: PMC4993263 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory diaphragm is the most important muscle for breathing. It contributes to various processes such as expectoration, vomiting, swallowing, urination, and defecation. It facilitates the venous and lymphatic return and helps viscera located above and below the diaphragm to work properly. Its activity is fundamental in the maintenance of posture and body position changes. It can affect the pain perception and emotional state. Many authors reported on diaphragmatic training by using special instruments, whereas only a few studies focused on manual therapy approaches. To the knowledge of the authors, the existing scientific literature does not exhaustively examines the manual evaluation of the diaphragm in its different portions. A complete evaluation of the diaphragm is mandatory for several professional subjects, such as physiotherapists, osteopaths, and chiropractors not only to elaborate a treatment strategy but also to obtain information on the validity of the training performed on the patient. This article aims to describe a strategy of manual evaluation of the diaphragm, with particular attention to anatomical fundamentals, in order to stimulate further research on this less explored field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Department of Cardiology, Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi IRCCS, Institute of Hospitalization and Care with Scientific Address, Milan; CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Castellanza; CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Falconara Marittima
| | - F Marelli
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Castellanza; CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Falconara Marittima
| | - B Morabito
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Castellanza; CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Falconara Marittima; Foundation Polyclinic University A Gemelli, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
| | - B Sacconi
- Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Oliveira MF, Arbex FF, Alencar MC, Souza A, Sperandio PA, Medeiros WM, Mazzuco A, Borghi-Silva A, Medina LA, Santos R, Hirai DM, Mancuso F, Almeida D, O'Donnell DE, Neder JA. Heart Failure Impairs Muscle Blood Flow and Endurance Exercise Tolerance in COPD. COPD 2016; 13:407-15. [PMID: 26790095 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1117435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure, a prevalent and disabling co-morbidity of COPD, may impair cardiac output and muscle blood flow thereby contributing to exercise intolerance. To investigate the role of impaired central and peripheral hemodynamics in limiting exercise tolerance in COPD-heart failure overlap, cycle ergometer exercise tests at 20% and 80% peak work rate were performed by overlap (FEV1 = 56.9 ± 15.9% predicted, ejection fraction = 32.5 ± 6.9%; N = 16), FEV1-matched COPD (N = 16), ejection fraction-matched heart failure patients (N = 15) and controls (N = 12). Differences (Δ) in cardiac output (impedance cardiography) and vastus lateralis blood flow (indocyanine green) and deoxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) between work rates were expressed relative to concurrent changes in muscle metabolic demands (ΔO2 uptake). Overlap patients had approximately 30% lower endurance exercise tolerance than COPD and heart failure (p < 0.05). ΔBlood flow was closely proportional to Δcardiac output in all groups (r = 0.89-0.98; p < 0.01). Overlap showed the largest impairments in Δcardiac output/ΔO2 uptake and Δblood flow/ΔO2 uptake (p < 0.05). Systemic arterial oxygenation, however, was preserved in overlap compared to COPD. Blunted limb perfusion was related to greater muscle deoxygenation and lactate concentration in overlap (r = 0.78 and r = 0.73, respectively; p < 0.05). ΔBlood flow/ΔO2 uptake was related to time to exercise intolerance only in overlap and heart failure (p < 0.01). In conclusion, COPD and heart failure add to decrease exercising cardiac output and skeletal muscle perfusion to a greater extent than that expected by heart failure alone. Treatment strategies that increase muscle O2 delivery and/or decrease O2 demand may be particularly helpful to improve exercise tolerance in COPD patients presenting heart failure as co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayron F Oliveira
- a Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Respiratory Division , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Flavio F Arbex
- a Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Respiratory Division , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Alencar
- a Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Respiratory Division , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Aline Souza
- a Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Respiratory Division , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Priscila A Sperandio
- a Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Respiratory Division , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Wladimir M Medeiros
- a Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Respiratory Division , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Adriana Mazzuco
- b Department of Physiotherapy , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR) , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- b Department of Physiotherapy , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR) , São Carlos , Brazil
| | - Luiz A Medina
- a Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Respiratory Division , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rita Santos
- a Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Respiratory Division , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniel M Hirai
- a Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Respiratory Division , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil.,c Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology (LACEP), Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
| | - Frederico Mancuso
- d Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Dirceu Almeida
- d Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- e Respiratory Investigation Unit (RIU), Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- a Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Respiratory Division , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil.,c Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology (LACEP), Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
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Faisal A, Zoumot Z, Shah PL, Neder JA, Polkey MI, Hopkinson NS. Effective Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Accelerates Exercise Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Emphysema. Chest 2016; 149:435-446. [PMID: 26111199 DOI: 10.1378/chest.15-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) on physiologic responses to exercise in patients with advanced emphysema remains incompletely understood. We hypothesized that effective BLVR (e-BLVR), defined as a reduction in residual volume > 350 mL, would improve cardiovascular responses to exercise and accelerate oxygen uptake (Vo₂) kinetics. METHODS Thirty-one patients (FEV1, 36% ± 9% predicted; residual volume, 219% ± 57% predicted) underwent a constant intensity exercise test at 70% peak work rate to the limit of tolerance before and after treatment bronchoscopy (n = 24) or sham bronchoscopy (n = 7). Physiologic responses in patients who had e-BLVR (n = 16) were compared with control subjects (ineffective BLVR or sham bronchoscopy; n = 15). RESULTS e-BLVR reduced residual volume (-1.1 ± 0.5 L, P = .001), improved lung diffusing capacity by 12% ± 13% (P = .001), and increased exercise tolerance by 181 ± 214 s (P = .004). Vo₂ kinetics were accelerated in the e-BLVR group but remained unchanged in control subjects (Δ mean response time, -20% ± 29% vs 1% ± 25%, P = .04). Acceleration of Vo₂ kinetics was associated with reductions in heart rate and oxygen pulse response half-times by 8% (84 ± 14 to 76 ± 15 s, P = .04) and 20% (49 ± 16 to 34 ± 16 s, P = .01), respectively. There were also increases in heart rate and oxygen pulse amplitudes during the cardiodynamic phase post e-BLVR. Faster Vo₂ kinetics in the e-BLVR group were significantly correlated with reductions in residual volume (r = 0.66, P = .005) and improvements in inspiratory reserve volume (r = 0.56, P = .024) and exercise tolerance (r = 0.63, P = .008). CONCLUSIONS Lung deflation induced by e-BLVR accelerated exercise Vo₂ kinetics in patients with emphysema. This beneficial effect appears to be related mechanistically to an enhanced cardiovascular response to exercise, which may contribute to improved functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmy Faisal
- Faculty of Physical Education for Men, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zaid Zoumot
- The NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, England; Respiratory and Critical Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pallav L Shah
- The NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, England
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michael I Polkey
- The NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, England
| | - Nicholas S Hopkinson
- The NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, England.
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD, however, is a heterogeneous collection of diseases with differing causes, pathogenic mechanisms, and physiological effects. Therefore a comprehensive approach to COPD prevention will need to address the complexity of COPD. Advances in the understanding of the natural history of COPD and the development of strategies to assess COPD in its early stages make prevention a reasonable, if ambitious, goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen I Rennard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Ambrosino N, Cigni P. Non invasive ventilation as an additional tool for exercise training. Multidiscip Respir Med 2015; 10:14. [PMID: 25874110 PMCID: PMC4396167 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-015-0008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of non invasive ventilation (NIV) to increase exercise capacity. In individuals with COPD, NIV during exercise reduces dyspnoea and increases exercise tolerance. Different modalities of mechanical ventilation have been used non-invasively as a tool to increase exercise tolerance in COPD, heart failure and lung and thoracic restrictive diseases. Inspiratory support provides symptomatic benefit by unloading the ventilatory muscles, whereas Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) counterbalances the intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in COPD patients. Severe stable COPD patients undergoing home nocturnal NIV and daytime exercise training showed some benefits. Furthermore, it has been reported that in chronic hypercapnic COPD under long-term ventilatory support, NIV can also be administered during walking. Despite these results, the role of NIV as a routine component of pulmonary rehabilitation is still to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolino Ambrosino
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Weaning Center, Auxilium Vitae, Borgo S.Lazzaro 5, Volterra, PI Italy
| | - Paolo Cigni
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Weaning Center, Auxilium Vitae, Borgo S.Lazzaro 5, Volterra, PI Italy
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30
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Chrysohoou C, Angelis A, Tsitsinakis G, Spetsioti S, Nasis I, Tsiachris D, Rapakoulias P, Pitsavos C, Koulouris NG, Vogiatzis I, Dimitris T. Cardiovascular effects of high-intensity interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. A randomized phase III clinical trial. Int J Cardiol 2015; 179:269-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sharma P, Morris NR, Adams L. Effect of induced leg muscle fatigue on exertional dyspnea in healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:48-54. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00393.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genesis of dyspnea is complex. It appears to be related to central respiratory drive although prevailing leg fatigue could independently potentiate dyspnea. We hypothesized that experimentally induced leg fatigue generates more intense exertional dyspnea for a given level of ventilatory drive. Following familiarization, 19 healthy subjects (32.2 ± 7.6 yr; 11 men) performed a 5-min treadmill test (speed: ∼4 km/h; grade: ∼25%) on two separate days randomized between control (C) and experimentally induced leg fatigue (E) achieved by repeated knee extension against 40% body weight until task failure. Oxygen uptake (V̇o2, l/min), carbon dioxide output (V̇co2, l/min), ventilation (V̇e, l/min), and respiratory rate (fR) were measured breath by breath. Heart rate (HR) and perceived dyspnea intensity (0–10 numerical scale) were recorded continuously. Data were averaged over 30-s intervals. Exertional dyspnea during E was statistically significantly higher (E vs. C: 4.2 ± 0.2 vs. 3.4 ± 0.2, P < 0.001) and accompanied by a significant increase in V̇e (E vs. C: 61.7 ± 3.7 vs. 55.3 ± 2.8, P = 0.005) and fR (E vs. C: 26.7 ± 1.0 vs. 24.2 ± 1.3, P = 0.036). Dyspnea following E remained significantly higher after allowing for the V̇e confound (ANCOVA, P = 0.003). V̇o2, V̇co2, and HR were not significantly different between two conditions. However, the slopes for dyspnea vs. V̇o2 and dyspnea vs. V̇e were similar between E and C, which suggested that gain in dyspnea per unit change in V̇o2 or V̇e was not altered by leg fatigue. These findings support the hypothesis that the intensity of exertional dyspnea is exacerbated by peripheral afferent information from fatigued leg muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sharma
- School of Allied Health Sciences/Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Norman R. Morris
- School of Allied Health Sciences/Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lewis Adams
- School of Allied Health Sciences/Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
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Coelho AC, Cannon DT, Cao R, Porszasz J, Casaburi R, Knorst MM, Rossiter HB. Instantaneous quantification of skeletal muscle activation, power production, and fatigue during cycle ergometry. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 118:646-54. [PMID: 25539940 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00948.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid switch from hyperbolic to isokinetic cycling allows the velocity-specific decline in maximal power to be measured, i.e., fatigue. We reasoned that, should the baseline relationship between isokinetic power (Piso) and electromyography (EMG) be reproducible, then contributions to fatigue may be isolated from 1) the decline in muscle activation (muscle activation fatigue); and 2) the decline in Piso at a given activation (muscle fatigue). We hypothesized that the EMG-Piso relationship is linear, velocity dependent, and reliable for instantaneous fatigue assessment at intolerance during and following whole body exercise. Healthy participants (n = 13) completed short (5 s) variable-effort isokinetic bouts at 50, 70, and 100 rpm to characterize baseline EMG-Piso. Repeated ramp incremental exercise tests were terminated with maximal isokinetic cycling (5 s) at 70 rpm. Individual baseline EMG-Piso relationships were linear (r(2) = 0.95 ± 0.04) and velocity dependent (analysis of covariance). Piso at intolerance (two legs, 335 ± 88 W) was ∼45% less than baseline [630 ± 156 W, confidence interval of the difference (CIDifference) 211, 380 W, P < 0.05]. Following intolerance, Piso recovered rapidly (F = 44.1; P < 0.05; η(2) = 0.79): power was reduced (P < 0.05) vs. baseline only at 0-min (CIDifference 80, 201 W) and 1-min recovery (CIDifference 13, 80 W). Activation fatigue and muscle fatigue (one leg) were 97 ± 55 and 60 ± 50 W, respectively. Mean bias ± limits of agreement for reproducibility were as follows: baseline Piso 1 ± 30 W; Piso at 0-min recovery 3 ± 35 W; and EMG at Piso 3 ± 14%. EMG power is linear, velocity dependent, and reproducible. Deviation from this relationship at the limit of tolerance can quantify the "activation" and "muscle" related components of fatigue during cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Coelho
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and
| | - D T Cannon
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - R Cao
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J Porszasz
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - R Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - M M Knorst
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and
| | - H B Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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de Jesus Perez VA. Pumping it up! Angiogenesis and muscle deconditioning in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:250-1. [PMID: 25084260 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201406-1163ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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O'Donnell DE, Gebke KB. Activity restriction in mild COPD: a challenging clinical problem. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9:577-88. [PMID: 24940054 PMCID: PMC4051517 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s62766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and activity restriction are already apparent in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, patients may not seek medical help until their symptoms become troublesome and persistent and significant respiratory impairment is already present; as a consequence, further sustained physical inactivity may contribute to disease progression. Ventilatory and gas exchange impairment, cardiac dysfunction, and skeletal muscle dysfunction are present to a variable degree in patients with mild COPD, and collectively may contribute to exercise intolerance. As such, there is increasing interest in evaluating exercise tolerance and physical activity in symptomatic patients with COPD who have mild airway obstruction, as defined by spirometry. Simple questionnaires, eg, the modified British Medical Research Council dyspnea scale and the COPD Assessment Test, or exercise tests, eg, the 6-minute or incremental and endurance exercise tests can be used to assess exercise performance and functional status. Pedometers and accelerometers are used to evaluate physical activity, and endurance tests (cycle or treadmill) using constant work rate protocols are used to assess the effects of interventions such as pulmonary rehabilitation. In addition, alternative outcome measurements, such as tests of small airway dysfunction and laboratory-based exercise tests, are used to measure the extent of physiological impairment in individuals with persistent dyspnea. This review describes the mechanisms of exercise limitation in patients with mild COPD and the interventions that can potentially improve exercise tolerance. Also discussed are the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation and the potential role of pharmacologic treatment in symptomatic patients with mild COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E O'Donnell
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Investigation Unit, Queen's University and Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin B Gebke
- Primary Care Sports Medicine Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Fan VS, Meek PM. Anxiety, Depression, and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease. Clin Chest Med 2014; 35:399-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kitzman DW, Nicklas B, Kraus WE, Lyles MF, Eggebeen J, Morgan TM, Haykowsky M. Skeletal muscle abnormalities and exercise intolerance in older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1364-70. [PMID: 24658015 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00004.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is the most common form of HF in older persons. The primary chronic symptom in HFPEF is severe exercise intolerance, and its pathophysiology is poorly understood. To determine whether skeletal muscle abnormalities contribute to their severely reduced peak exercise O2 consumption (Vo2), we examined 22 older HFPEF patients (70 ± 7 yr) compared with 43 age-matched healthy control (HC) subjects using needle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle and cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess muscle fiber type distribution and capillarity and peak Vo2. In HFPEF versus HC patients, peak Vo2 (14.7 ± 2.1 vs. 22.9 ± 6.6 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1), P < 0.001) and 6-min walk distance (454 ± 72 vs. 573 ± 71 m, P < 0.001) were reduced. In HFPEF versus HC patients, the percentage of type I fibers (39.0 ± 11.4% vs. 53.7 ± 12.4%, P < 0.001), type I-to-type II fiber ratio (0.72 ± 0.39 vs. 1.36 ± 0.85, P = 0.001), and capillary-to-fiber ratio (1.35 ± 0.32 vs. 2.53 ± 1.37, P = 0.006) were reduced, whereas the percentage of type II fibers was greater (61 ± 11.4% vs. 46.3 ± 12.4%, P < 0.001). In univariate analyses, the percentage of type I fibers (r = 0.39, P = 0.003), type I-to-type II fiber ratio (r = 0.33, P = 0.02), and capillary-to-fiber ratio (r = 0.59, P < 0.0001) were positively related to peak Vo2. In multivariate analyses, type I fibers and the capillary-to-fiber ratio remained significantly related to peak Vo2. We conclude that older HFPEF patients have significant abnormalities in skeletal muscle, characterized by a shift in muscle fiber type distribution with reduced type I oxidative muscle fibers and a reduced capillary-to-fiber ratio, and these may contribute to their severe exercise intolerance. This suggests potential new therapeutic targets in this difficult to treat disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalane W Kitzman
- Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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O'Donnell DE, Laveneziana P, Webb K, Neder JA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clinical integrative physiology. Clin Chest Med 2013; 35:51-69. [PMID: 24507837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral airway dysfunction, inhomogeneous ventilation distribution, gas trapping, and impaired pulmonary gas exchange are variably present in all stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This article provides a cogent physiologic explanation for the relentless progression of activity-related dyspnea and exercise intolerance that all too commonly characterizes COPD. The spectrum of physiologic derangements that exist in smokers with mild airway obstruction and a history compatible with COPD is examined. Also explored are the perceptual and physiologic consequences of progressive erosion of the resting inspiratory capacity. Finally, emerging information on the role of cardiocirculatory impairment in contributing to exercise intolerance in patients with varying degrees of airway obstruction is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E O'Donnell
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 102 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V6, Canada.
| | - Pierantonio Laveneziana
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspnée Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Physio-Pathologie Respiratoire, Faculty of Medicine, Pierre et Marie Curie University (Paris VI), 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital,75013 Paris, France
| | - Katherine Webb
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 102 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V6, Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 102 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V6, Canada
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