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Rasmussen M, Jin JP. Troponin Variants as Markers of Skeletal Muscle Health and Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:747214. [PMID: 34733179 PMCID: PMC8559874 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.747214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2 +-regulated contractility is a key determinant of the quality of muscles. The sarcomeric myofilament proteins are essential players in the contraction of striated muscles. The troponin complex in the actin thin filaments plays a central role in the Ca2+-regulation of muscle contraction and relaxation. Among the three subunits of troponin, the Ca2+-binding subunit troponin C (TnC) is a member of the calmodulin super family whereas troponin I (TnI, the inhibitory subunit) and troponin T (TnT, the tropomyosin-binding and thin filament anchoring subunit) are striated muscle-specific regulatory proteins. Muscle type-specific isoforms of troponin subunits are expressed in fast and slow twitch fibers and are regulated during development and aging, and in adaptation to exercise or disuse. TnT also evolved with various alternative splice forms as an added capacity of muscle functional diversity. Mutations of troponin subunits cause myopathies. Owing to their physiological and pathological importance, troponin variants can be used as specific markers to define muscle quality. In this focused review, we will explore the use of troponin variants as markers for the fiber contents, developmental and differentiation states, contractile functions, and physiological or pathophysiological adaptations of skeletal muscle. As protein structure defines function, profile of troponin variants illustrates how changes at the myofilament level confer functional qualities at the fiber level. Moreover, understanding of the role of troponin modifications and mutants in determining muscle contractility in age-related decline of muscle function and in myopathies informs an approach to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rasmussen
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Spinal caspase-6 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking and dendritic spine plasticity through netrin-1 in postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery for tibial fracture in mice. Pain 2021; 162:124-134. [PMID: 32701657 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic postoperative pain hinders functional recovery after bone fracture and orthopedic surgery. Recently reported evidence indicates that caspase-6 is important in excitatory synaptic plasticity and pathological pain. Meanwhile, netrin-1 controls postsynaptic recruitment of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and synaptogenesis. The present work aimed to examine whether caspase-6 and netrin-1 contribute to fracture-induced postoperative allodynia. A mouse model of tibial fracture by intramedullary pinning was generated for inducing postoperative pain. Then, paw withdrawal threshold, spinal caspase-6 activity, netrin-1 secretion, AMPAR trafficking, and spine morphology were examined. Caspase-6 inhibition and netrin-1 knockdown by shRNA were performed to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanism of allodynia and its prevention. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was performed to assess caspase-6's function in spinal AMPAR-induced current. Tibial fractures after orthopedic operation initiated persistent postsurgical mechanical and cold allodynia, accompanied by increased spinal active caspase-6, netrin-1 release, GluA1-containing AMPAR trafficking, spine density, and AMPAR-induced current in dorsal horn neurons. Caspase-6 inhibition reduced fracture-associated allodynia, netrin-1 secretion, and GluA1 trafficking. Netrin-1 deficiency impaired fracture-caused allodynia, postsynaptic GluA1 recruitment, and spine plasticity. The specific GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist NASPM also dose dependently prevented postoperative pain. The reduction of fracture-mediated postoperative excitatory synaptic AMPAR current in the dorsal horn by caspase-6 inhibition was compromised by recombinant netrin-1. Exogenous caspase-6 induced pain hypersensitivity, reversing by netrin-1 knockdown or coapplication of NASPM. Thus, spinal caspase-6 modulation of GluA1-containing AMPAR activation and spine morphology through netrin-1 secretion is important in the development of fracture-related postsurgical pain in the mouse.
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Bekfani T, Bekhite Elsaied M, Derlien S, Nisser J, Westermann M, Nietzsche S, Hamadanchi A, Fröb E, Westphal J, Haase D, Kretzschmar T, Schlattmann P, Smolenski UC, Lichtenauer M, Wernly B, Jirak P, Lehmann G, Möbius-Winkler S, Schulze PC. Skeletal Muscle Function, Structure, and Metabolism in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e007198. [PMID: 33302709 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced exercise capacity in patients with heart failure (HF) could be partially explained by skeletal muscle dysfunction. We compared skeletal muscle function, structure, and metabolism among clinically stable outpatients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, HF with reduced ejection fraction, and healthy controls (HC). Furthermore, the molecular, metabolic, and clinical profile of patients with reduced muscle endurance was described. METHODS Fifty-five participants were recruited prospectively at the University Hospital Jena (17 HF with preserved ejection fraction, 18 HF with reduced ejection fraction, and 20 HC). All participants underwent echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 6-minute walking test, isokinetic muscle function, and skeletal muscle biopsies. Expression levels of fatty acid oxidation, glucose metabolism, atrophy genes, and proteins as well as inflammatory biomarkers were assessed. Mitochondria were evaluated using electron microscopy. RESULTS Patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction showed compared with HF with reduced ejection fraction and HC reduced muscle strength (eccentric extension: 13.3±5.0 versus 18.0±5.9 versus 17.9±5.1 Nm/kg, P=0.04), elevated levels of MSTN-2 (myostatin-2), FBXO-32 (F-box only protein 32 [Atrogin1]) gene and protein, and smaller mitochondrial size (P<0.05). Mitochondrial function and fatty acid and glucose metabolism were impaired in HF-patients compared with HC (P<0.05). In a multiple regression analysis, GDF-15 (growth and differentiation factor 15), CPT1B (carnitine palmitoyltransferase IB)-protein and oral anticoagulation were independent factors for predicting reduced muscle endurance after adjusting for age (log10 GDF-15 [pg/mL] [B, -54.3 (95% CI, -106 to -2.00), P=0.043], log10 CPT1B per fold increase [B, 49.3 (95% CI, 1.90-96.77), P=0.042]; oral anticoagulation present [B, 44.8 (95% CI, 27.90-61.78), P<0.001]). CONCLUSIONS Patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction have worse muscle function and predominant muscle atrophy compared with those with HF with reduced ejection fraction and HC. Inflammatory biomarkers, fatty acid oxidation, and oral anticoagulation were independent factors for predicting reduced muscle endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Bekfani
- Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany (T.B.)
| | - Mohamed Bekhite Elsaied
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I (M.B.E., A.H., E.F., J.W., D.H., T.K., S.M.-W., P.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Steffen Derlien
- University Hospital Jena, Institute of Physiotherapy (S.D., J.N., U.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Jenny Nisser
- University Hospital Jena, Institute of Physiotherapy (S.D., J.N., U.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- Center of Electron Microscopy (M.W., S.N.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Center of Electron Microscopy (M.W., S.N.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Ali Hamadanchi
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I (M.B.E., A.H., E.F., J.W., D.H., T.K., S.M.-W., P.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Fröb
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I (M.B.E., A.H., E.F., J.W., D.H., T.K., S.M.-W., P.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Julian Westphal
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I (M.B.E., A.H., E.F., J.W., D.H., T.K., S.M.-W., P.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Daniela Haase
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I (M.B.E., A.H., E.F., J.W., D.H., T.K., S.M.-W., P.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Tom Kretzschmar
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I (M.B.E., A.H., E.F., J.W., D.H., T.K., S.M.-W., P.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Computer Science and Data Science (IMSID), Jena University Hospital, Germany (P.S., G.L.)
| | - Ulrich C Smolenski
- University Hospital Jena, Institute of Physiotherapy (S.D., J.N., U.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria (M.L., P.W., P.J.)
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria (M.L., P.W., P.J.)
| | - Peter Jirak
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria (M.L., P.W., P.J.)
| | - Gabriele Lehmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III (G.L.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany.,Institute for Medical Statistics, Computer Science and Data Science (IMSID), Jena University Hospital, Germany (P.S., G.L.)
| | - Sven Möbius-Winkler
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I (M.B.E., A.H., E.F., J.W., D.H., T.K., S.M.-W., P.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I (M.B.E., A.H., E.F., J.W., D.H., T.K., S.M.-W., P.C.S.), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Germany
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Tyganov SA, Mochalova EP, Belova SP, Sharlo KA, Rozhkov SV, Vilchinskaya NA, Paramonova II, Mirzoev TM, Shenkman BS. Effects of Plantar Mechanical Stimulation on Anabolic and Catabolic Signaling in Rat Postural Muscle Under Short-Term Simulated Gravitational Unloading. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1252. [PMID: 31611819 PMCID: PMC6776874 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that plantar mechanical stimulation (PMS) is able to attenuate unloading-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and impaired muscle function. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of PMS on skeletal muscle during unloading remain undefined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of PMS on anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways in rat soleus at the early stages of mechanical unloading. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to ambulatory control, hindlimb suspension (HS) for 1 or 3 days, and HS for 1 or 3 days with PMS. The key anabolic and catabolic markers were assessed by western blotting and RT-PCR. Protein synthesis (PS) rate was estimated using SUnSET technique. PMS attenuated a 1-day HS-induced decrease in 4E-BP1, GSK-3β, and AMPK phosphorylation. PMS also partially prevented a decrease in PS, phosphorylation of GSK-3β, nNOS, and an increase in eEF2 phosphorylation after 3-day HS. PMS during 1- and 3-day HS prevented MuRF-1, but not MAFbx, upregulation but did not affect markers of ribosome biogenesis (18S + 28S rRNA, c-myc) as well as AKT phosphorylation. Thus, PMS during 3-day HS partially prevented a decrease in the global rate of PS in rat soleus muscle, which was accompanied by attenuation of MuRF-1 mRNA expression as well as changes in GSK-3β, nNOS, and eEF2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Mochalova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana P Belova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina A Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Rozhkov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A Vilchinskaya
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna I Paramonova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur M Mirzoev
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Hvid LG, Aagaard P, Ørtenblad N, Kjaer M, Suetta C. Plasticity in central neural drive with short-term disuse and recovery - effects on muscle strength and influence of aging. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:145-153. [PMID: 29476804 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While short-term disuse negatively affects mechanical muscle function (e.g. isometric muscle strength) little is known of the relative contribution of adaptions in central neural drive and peripheral muscle contractility. The present study investigated the relative contribution of adaptations in central neural drive and peripheral muscle contractility on changes in isometric muscle strength following short-term unilateral disuse (4 days, knee brace) and subsequent active recovery (7 days, one session of resistance training) in young (n = 11, 24 yrs) and old healthy men (n = 11, 67 yrs). Maximal isometric knee extensor strength (MVC) (isokinetic dynamometer), voluntary muscle activation (superimposed twitch technique), and electrically evoked muscle twitch force (single and doublet twitch stimulation) were assessed prior to and after disuse, and after recovery. Following disuse, relative decreases in MVC did not differ statistically between old (16.4 ± 3.7%, p < 0.05) and young (-9.7 ± 2.9%, p < 0.05) (mean ± SE), whereas voluntary muscle activation decreased more (p < 0.05) in old (-8.4 ± 3.5%, p < 0.05) compared to young (-1.1 ± 1.0%, ns) as did peak single (-25.8 ± 6.6%, p < 0.05 vs -7.6 ± 3.3%, p < 0.05) and doublet twitch force (-23.2 ± 5.5%, p < 0.05 vs -2.0 ± 2.6%, ns). All parameters were restored in young following 7 days recovery, whereas MVC and peak twitch force remained suppressed in old. Regression analysis revealed that disuse-induced changes in MVC relied more on changes in single twitch force in young (p < 0.05) and more on changes in voluntary muscle activation in old (p < 0.05), whereas recovery-induced changes in MVC mainly were explained by gains in voluntary muscle activation in both young and old. Altogether, the present data demonstrate that plasticity in voluntary muscle activation (~central neural drive) is a dominant mechanism affecting short-term disuse- and recovery-induced changes in muscle strength in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars G Hvid
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Denmark; Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sweden
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine and Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Santos-Júnior FFU, Pires ADF, Ribeiro NM, Mendonça VA, Alves JO, Soares PM, Ceccatto VM, Assreuy AMS. Sensorial, structural and functional response of rats subjected to hind limb immobilization. Life Sci 2015; 137:158-63. [PMID: 26231696 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study analyzed the sensorial, structural and functional response of rats subjected to paw immobilization. MAIN METHODS Animal pelvis, hip, knee and ankle were immobilized using waterproof tape during two weeks for assessment of sensorial response to thermal (hot plate test) and mechanical stimuli (Von Frey test), motor system structure (histology and radiography) and muscle function (soleus contractility). KEY FINDINGS Disuse animals became more responsive to thermal stimuli (49%), although less responsive to mechanical challenge (58%). Disuse animals showed local injuries such as reduction in muscle fiber diameter (16.7% in gastrocnemius, 5.7% in soleus), contractile activity (55% of the control maximal tonic contraction) and tibia cortical thickness (9.3%), besides increased nitrite:protein ratio, suggestive of protein degradation. Disuse also evoked systemic adaptations that include increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (36.1%) and alkaline phosphatase (400%), but reduction in calcium (8.4%) and total serum protein (5.5%), especially albumin (34.2%). SIGNIFICANCE Two weeks of functional paw disuse leads to local and systemic harmful adaptive changes in sensorial and structural systems. This study brings new insights into nervous and motor system mechanism associated with therapeutic limb immobilization in muscle and skeletal pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alana de Freitas Pires
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Natália Matos Ribeiro
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Azevedo Mendonça
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Osório Alves
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Paula Matias Soares
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vânia Marilande Ceccatto
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Fukuda N, Inoue T, Yamane M, Terui T, Kobirumaki F, Ohtsuki I, Ishiwata S, Kurihara S. Sarcomere length-dependent Ca2+ activation in skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers: coordinated regulation of thin filament cooperative activation and passive force. J Physiol Sci 2011; 61:515-23. [PMID: 21901640 PMCID: PMC3204045 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-011-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, active force production varies as a function of sarcomere length (SL). It has been considered that this SL dependence results simply from a change in the overlap length between the thick and thin filaments. The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic understanding of the SL-dependent increase in Ca2+ sensitivity in skeletal muscle, by investigating how thin filament “on–off” switching and passive force are involved in the regulation. Rabbit psoas muscles were skinned, and active force measurements were taken at various Ca2+ concentrations with single fibers, in the short (2.0 and 2.4 μm) and long (2.4 and 2.8 μm) SL ranges. Despite the same magnitude of SL elongation, the SL-dependent increase in Ca2+ sensitivity was more pronounced in the long SL range. MgADP (3 mM) increased the rate of rise of active force and attenuated SL-dependent Ca2+ activation in both SL ranges. Conversely, inorganic phosphate (Pi, 20 mM) decreased the rate of rise of active force and enhanced SL-dependent Ca2+ activation in both SL ranges. Our analyses revealed that, in the absence and presence of MgADP or Pi, the magnitude of SL-dependent Ca2+ activation was (1) inversely correlated with the rate of rise of active force, and (2) in proportion to passive force. These findings suggest that the SL dependence of active force in skeletal muscle is regulated via thin filament “on–off” switching and titin (connectin)-based interfilament lattice spacing modulation in a coordinated fashion, in addition to the regulation via the filament overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Fukuda
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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