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Muromachi N, Ishida J, Noguchi K, Akiyama T, Maruhashi S, Motomura K, Usui J, Yamagata K, Fukamizu A. Cardiorenal damages in mice at early phase after intervention induced by angiotensin II, nephrectomy, and salt intake. Exp Anim 2024; 73:11-19. [PMID: 37460310 PMCID: PMC10877154 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The interconnection of heart performance and kidney function plays an important role for maintaining homeostasis through a variety of physiological crosstalk between these organs. It has been suggested that acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ causes dysregulation in another one, like patients with cardiorenal syndrome. Despite its growing recognition as global health issues, still little is known on pathophysiological evaluation between the two organs. Previously, we established a preclinical murine model with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and impaired kidney function with renal enlargement and increased urinary albumin levels induced by co-treatment with vasopressor angiotensin II (A), unilateral nephrectomy (N), and salt loading (S) (defined as ANS treatment) for 4 weeks. However, how both tissues, heart and kidney, are initially affected by ANS treatment during the progression of tissue damages remains to be determined. Here, at one week after ANS treatment, we found that cardiac function in ANS-treated mice (ANS mice) are sustained despite hypertrophy. On the other hand, kidney dysfunction is evident in ANS mice, associated with high blood pressure, enlarged glomeruli, increased levels of urinary albumin and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and reduced creatinine clearance. Our results suggest that cardiorenal tissues become damaged at one week after ANS treatment and that ANS mice are useful as a model causing transition from early to late-stage damages of cardiorenal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Muromachi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Doctoral Program in Life and Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Junji Ishida
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Noguchi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoki Akiyama
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Maruhashi
- Master's Program in Agro-Bioresources Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kaori Motomura
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Joichi Usui
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yamagata
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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Wang X, Wei Z, Wang P, Zhou J, Feng M, Li M, Liu M, Wang J, Zhang X, Gao F, Xing C, Li J. Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac reserve to detect subtle cardiac dysfunction in mice. Life Sci 2023; 331:122079. [PMID: 37696487 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac reserve is a sensitive tool for early detection of cardiac dysfunction. However, cardiac reserve assessment by catecholamine stress echocardiography in mice varied in the doses of β-adrenergic agonists and the time point for measurements, which may lead to inaccurate readouts. This study aims to establish a standardized protocol for assessing cardiac reserve in mice. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6J mice under isoflurane anesthesia were intraperitoneally injected with varying doses of isoproterenol (Iso), and subjected to echocardiographic measurements. KEY FINDINGS Heart rate (HR), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), global longitudinal strain (GLS) and strain rate all reached peak values within 1-3 min after Iso injection at doses higher than 0.2 mg/kg. Compared with 0.1 mg/kg Iso, 0.2 mg/kg Iso resulted in higher HR, EF, FS and GLS, whereas doses higher than 0.2 mg/kg did not yield further increase. Cardiac response of female mice recapitulated main characteristics of those of male mice except that female mice displayed higher maximum HR and were more sensitive to higher doses of Iso. Furthermore, the advantages of present stress protocol over conventional baseline echocardiographic measurements were verified in comparisons of exercised vs. sedentary and aged vs. young mice for cardiac function evaluation. SIGNIFICANCE We developed a reproducible and sensitive approach to evaluate cardiac reserve by continuously monitoring cardiac function every minute for 3 min after 0.2 mg/kg Iso injection. This approach will enable detection of subtle cardiac dysfunction and accelerate innovative research in cardiac pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengya Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyang Xing
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Lee LE, Chandrasekar B, Yu P, Ma L. Quantification of myocardial fibrosis using noninvasive T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging: Preclinical models of aging and pressure overload. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4641. [PMID: 34729828 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging of cardiac fibrosis is important for early diagnosis and intervention in chronic heart diseases. Here, we investigated whether noninvasive, contrast agent-free MRI T2 -mapping can quantify myocardial fibrosis in preclinical models of aging and pressure overload. Myocardial fibrosis and remodeling were analyzed in two animal models: (i) aging (15-month-old male CF-1 mice vs. young 6- to 8-week-old mice), and (ii) pressure overload (PO; by transverse aortic constriction in 4- to 5-month-old male C57BL/6 mice vs. sham-operated for 14 days). In vivo T2 -mapping was performed by acquiring data during the isovolumic and early diastolic phases, with a modified respiratory and ECG-triggered multiecho TurboRARE sequence on a 7-T MRI. Cine MRI provided cardiac morphology and function. A quantitative segmentation method was developed to analyze the in vivo T2 -maps of hearts at midventricle, apex, and basal regions. The cardiac fibrosis area was analyzed ex vivo by picro sirius red (PSR) staining. Both aged and pressure-overloaded hearts developed significant myocardial contractile dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The aged mice had two phenotypes, fibrotic and mild-fibrotic. Notably, the aged fibrotic subgroup and the PO mice showed a marked decrease in T2 relaxation times (25.3 ± 0.6 in aged vs. 29.9 ± 0.7 ms in young mice, p = 0.002; and 24.3 ± 1.7 in PO vs. 28.7 ± 0.7 ms in shams, p = 0.05). However, no significant difference in T2 was detected between the aged mild-fibrotic subgroup and the young mice. Accordingly, an inverse correlation between myocardial fibrosis percentage (FP) and T2 relaxation time was derived (R2 = 0.98): T2 (ms) = 30.45 - 1.05 × FP. Thus, these results demonstrate a statistical agreement between T2 -map-quantified fibrosis and PSR staining in two different clinically relevant animal models. In conclusion, T2 -mapping MRI is a promising noninvasive contrast agent-free quantitative technique to characterize myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li E Lee
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lixin Ma
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Böttner J, Werner S, Adams V, Knauth S, Kricke A, Thiele H, Büttner P. Structural and functional alterations in heart and skeletal muscle following severe TAC in mice: impact of moderate exercise training. Biol Res 2021; 54:31. [PMID: 34538250 PMCID: PMC8451113 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of death in western countries. Cardiac dysfunction is accompanied by skeletal alterations resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue. Exercise is an accepted interventional approach correcting cardiac and skeletal dysfunction, thereby improving mortality, re-hospitalization and quality of life. Animal models are used to characterize underpinning mechanisms. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) results in cardiac pressure overload and finally HF. Whether exercise training improves cardiac remodeling and peripheral cachexia in the TAC mouse model was not analyzed yet. In this study, 2 weeks post TAC animals were randomized into two groups either performing a moderate exercise program (five times per week at 60% VO2 max for 40 min for a total of 8 weeks) or staying sedentary. Results In both TAC groups HF characteristics reduced ejection fraction (− 15% compared to sham, p < 0.001), cardiac remodeling (+ 22.5% cardiomyocyte cross sectional area compared to sham; p < 0.001) and coronary artery congestion (+ 34% diameter compared to sham; p = 0.008) were observed. Unexpectedly, peripheral cachexia was not detected. Furthermore, compared to sedentary group animals from the exercise group showed aggravated HF symptoms [heart area + 9% (p = 0.026), heart circumference + 7% (p = 0.002), right ventricular wall thickness − 30% (p = 0.003)] while muscle parameters were unchanged [Musculus soleus fiber diameter (p = 0.55), Musculus extensor digitorum longus contraction force (p = 0.90)]. Conclusion The severe TAC model is inappropriate to study moderate exercise effects in HF with respect to cardiac and skeletal muscle improvements. Further, the phenotype induced by different TAC procedures should be well documented and taken into account when planning experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Böttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Knauth
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Kricke
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
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Azevedo Voltarelli V, Coronado M, Gonçalves Fernandes L, Cruz Campos J, Jannig PR, Batista Ferreira JC, Fajardo G, Chakur Brum P, Bernstein D. β 2-Adrenergic Signaling Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Morphology in Skeletal Muscle in Response to Aerobic Exercise. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010146. [PMID: 33450889 PMCID: PMC7828343 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations induced by aerobic exercise (AE) are not fully understood. We have previously shown that AE induces mitochondrial adaptations in cardiac muscle, mediated by sympathetic stimulation. Since direct sympathetic innervation of neuromuscular junctions influences skeletal muscle homeostasis, we tested the hypothesis that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR)-mediated sympathetic activation induces mitochondrial adaptations to AE in skeletal muscle. Male FVB mice were subjected to a single bout of AE on a treadmill (80% Vmax, 60 min) under β2-AR blockade with ICI 118,551 (ICI) or vehicle, and parameters of mitochondrial function and morphology/dynamics were evaluated. An acute bout of AE significantly increased maximal mitochondrial respiration in tibialis anterior (TA) isolated fiber bundles, which was prevented by β2-AR blockade. This increased mitochondrial function after AE was accompanied by a change in mitochondrial morphology towards fusion, associated with increased Mfn1 protein expression and activity. β2-AR blockade fully prevented the increase in Mfn1 activity and reduced mitochondrial elongation. To determine the mechanisms involved in mitochondrial modulation by β2-AR activation in skeletal muscle during AE, we used C2C12 myotubes, treated with the non-selective β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO) in the presence of the specific β2-AR antagonist ICI or during protein kinase A (PKA) and Gαi protein blockade. Our in vitro data show that β-AR activation significantly increases mitochondrial respiration in myotubes, and this response was dependent on β2-AR activation through a Gαs-PKA signaling cascade. In conclusion, we provide evidence for AE-induced β2-AR activation as a major mechanism leading to alterations in mitochondria function and morphology/dynamics. β2-AR signaling is thus a key-signaling pathway that contributes to skeletal muscle plasticity in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
- Department of Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (L.G.F.); (P.R.J.)
| | - Michael Coronado
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (M.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Larissa Gonçalves Fernandes
- Department of Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (L.G.F.); (P.R.J.)
| | - Juliane Cruz Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (J.C.C.); (J.C.B.F.)
| | - Paulo Roberto Jannig
- Department of Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (L.G.F.); (P.R.J.)
| | - Julio Cesar Batista Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (J.C.C.); (J.C.B.F.)
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (M.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Patricia Chakur Brum
- Department of Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (L.G.F.); (P.R.J.)
- Correspondence: or (P.C.B.); (D.B.); Tel.: +55-11-30913136 (P.C.B.); Fax: +55-11-38135921 (P.C.B.)
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (M.C.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence: or (P.C.B.); (D.B.); Tel.: +55-11-30913136 (P.C.B.); Fax: +55-11-38135921 (P.C.B.)
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Morphological and Functional Characteristics of Animal Models of Myocardial Fibrosis Induced by Pressure Overload. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:3014693. [PMID: 32099670 PMCID: PMC7013318 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3014693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of myocardial interstitial collagen, abnormal distribution, and excessive proliferation of fibroblasts. According to the researches in recent years, myocardial fibrosis, as the pathological basis of various cardiovascular diseases, has been proven to be a core determinant in ventricular remodeling. Pressure load is one of the causes of myocardial fibrosis. In experimental models of pressure-overload-induced myocardial fibrosis, significant increase in left ventricular parameters such as interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness and the decrease of ejection fraction are some of the manifestations of cardiac damage. These morphological and functional changes have a serious impact on the maintenance of physiological functions. Therefore, establishing a suitable myocardial fibrosis model is the basis of its pathogenesis research. This paper will discuss the methods of establishing myocardial fibrosis model and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the models in order to provide a strong basis for establishing a myocardial fibrosis model.
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Histamine receptor agonist alleviates severe cardiorenal damages by eliciting anti-inflammatory programming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3150-3156. [PMID: 31992639 PMCID: PMC7022214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure and chronic kidney disease are major causes of morbidity and mortality internationally. Although these dysfunctions are common and frequently coexist, the factors involved in their relationship in cardiorenal regulation are still largely unknown, mainly due to a lack of detailed molecular targets. Here, we found the increased plasma histamine in a preclinical mouse model of severe cardiac dysfunction, that had been cotreated with angiotensin II (Ang II), nephrectomy, and salt (ANS). The ANS mice exhibited impaired renal function accompanied with heart failure, and histamine depletion, by the genetic inactivation of histidine decarboxylase in mice, exacerbated the ANS-induced cardiac and renal abnormalities, including the reduction of left ventricular fractional shortening and renal glomerular and tubular injuries. Interestingly, while the pharmacological inhibition of the histamine receptor H3 facilitated heart failure and kidney injury in ANS mice, administration of the H3 agonist immethridine (Imm) was protective against cardiorenal damages. Transcriptome analysis of the kidney and biochemical examinations using blood samples illustrated that the increased inflammation in ANS mice was alleviated by Imm. Our results extend the pharmacological use of H3 agonists beyond the initial purposes of its drug development for neurogenerative diseases and have implications for therapeutic potential of H3 agonists that invoke the anti-inflammatory gene expression programming against cardiorenal damages.
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Richards DA, Aronovitz MJ, Calamaras TD, Tam K, Martin GL, Liu P, Bowditch HK, Zhang P, Huggins GS, Blanton RM. Distinct Phenotypes Induced by Three Degrees of Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5844. [PMID: 30971724 PMCID: PMC6458135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is a well-established model of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure in mice. The degree of constriction “tightness” dictates the TAC severity and is determined by the gauge (G) of needle used. Though many reports use the TAC model, few studies have directly compared the range of resulting phenotypes. In this study adult male mice were randomized to receive TAC surgery with varying degrees of tightness: mild (25G), moderate (26G) or severe (27G) for 4 weeks, alongside sham-operated controls. Weekly echocardiography and terminal haemodynamic measurements determined cardiac remodelling and function. All TAC models induced significant, severity-dependent left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction compared to sham mice. Mice subjected to 26G TAC additionally exhibited mild systolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis, whereas mice in the 27G TAC group had more severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction, severe cardiac fibrosis, and were more likely to display features of heart failure, such as elevated plasma BNP. We also observed renal atrophy in 27G TAC mice, in the absence of renal structural, functional or gene expression changes. 25G, 26G and 27G TAC produced different responses in terms of cardiac structure and function. These distinct phenotypes may be useful in different preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Richards
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Timothy D Calamaras
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Kelly Tam
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Gregory L Martin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, United States
| | - Heather K Bowditch
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Phyllis Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Gordon S Huggins
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Robert M Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA. .,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, United States.
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9
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Inflammation and fibrosis in murine models of heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:19. [PMID: 30887214 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a consequence of various cardiovascular diseases and associated with poor prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of heart failure in the past decades, prevalence and hospitalisation rates are still increasing. Heart failure is typically associated with cardiac remodelling. Here, inflammation and fibrosis are thought to play crucial roles. During cardiac inflammation, immune cells invade the cardiac tissue and modulate tissue-damaging responses. Cardiac fibrosis, however, is characterised by an increased amount and a disrupted composition of extracellular matrix proteins. As evidence exists that cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are potentially reversible in experimental and clinical set ups, they are interesting targets for innovative heart failure treatments. In this context, animal models are important as they mimic clinical conditions of heart failure patients. The advantages of mice in this respect are short generation times and genetic modifications. As numerous murine models of heart failure exist, the selection of a proper disease model for a distinct research question is demanding. To facilitate this selection, this review aims to provide an overview about the current understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in six frequently used murine models of heart failure. Hence, it compares the models of myocardial infarction with or without reperfusion, transverse aortic constriction, chronic subjection to angiotensin II or deoxycorticosterone acetate, and coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in this context. It furthermore provides information about the clinical relevance and the limitations of each model, and, if applicable, about the recent advancements in their methodological proceedings.
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Melleby AO, Romaine A, Aronsen JM, Veras I, Zhang L, Sjaastad I, Lunde IG, Christensen G. A novel method for high precision aortic constriction that allows for generation of specific cardiac phenotypes in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1680-1690. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arne O Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Romaine
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ioanni Veras
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Qin P, Arabacilar P, Bernard RE, Bao W, Olzinski AR, Guo Y, Lal H, Eisennagel SH, Platchek MC, Xie W, Del Rosario J, Nayal M, Lu Q, Roethke T, Schnackenberg CG, Wright F, Quaile MP, Halsey WS, Hughes AM, Sathe GM, Livi GP, Kirkpatrick RB, Qu XA, Rajpal DK, Faelth Savitski M, Bantscheff M, Joberty G, Bergamini G, Force TL, Gatto GJ, Hu E, Willette RN. Activation of the Amino Acid Response Pathway Blunts the Effects of Cardiac Stress. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004453. [PMID: 28487390 PMCID: PMC5524058 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amino acid response (AAR) is an evolutionarily conserved protective mechanism activated by amino acid deficiency through a key kinase, general control nonderepressible 2. In addition to mobilizing amino acids, the AAR broadly affects gene and protein expression in a variety of pathways and elicits antifibrotic, autophagic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, little is known regarding its role in cardiac stress. Our aim was to investigate the effects of halofuginone, a prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, on the AAR pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and in mouse models of cardiac stress and failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Consistent with its ability to inhibit prolyl-tRNA synthetase, halofuginone elicited a general control nonderepressible 2-dependent activation of the AAR pathway in cardiac fibroblasts as evidenced by activation of known AAR target genes, broad regulation of the transcriptome and proteome, and reversal by l-proline supplementation. Halofuginone was examined in 3 mouse models of cardiac stress: angiotensin II/phenylephrine, transverse aortic constriction, and acute ischemia reperfusion injury. It activated the AAR pathway in the heart, improved survival, pulmonary congestion, left ventricle remodeling/fibrosis, and left ventricular function, and rescued ischemic myocardium. In human cardiac fibroblasts, halofuginone profoundly reduced collagen deposition in a general control nonderepressible 2-dependent manner and suppressed the extracellular matrix proteome. In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, halofuginone blocked gene expression associated with endothelin-1-mediated activation of pathologic hypertrophy and restored autophagy in a general control nonderepressible 2/eIF2α-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Halofuginone activated the AAR pathway in the heart and attenuated the structural and functional effects of cardiac stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Qin
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Pelin Arabacilar
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Roberta E Bernard
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Weike Bao
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Alan R Olzinski
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Yuanjun Guo
- Basic & Translational Research, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Hind Lal
- Basic & Translational Research, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephen H Eisennagel
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Michael C Platchek
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Wensheng Xie
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Julius Del Rosario
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Mohamad Nayal
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Quinn Lu
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Theresa Roethke
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Christine G Schnackenberg
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Fe Wright
- Preclinical and Translational Imaging, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Michael P Quaile
- Preclinical and Translational Imaging, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Wendy S Halsey
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Ashley M Hughes
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Ganesh M Sathe
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - George P Livi
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | | | - Xiaoyan A Qu
- Computational Biology, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Deepak K Rajpal
- Computational Biology, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | | | | | - Gerard Joberty
- Cellzome GmbH, A GSK Company, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | | | - Thomas L Force
- Basic & Translational Research, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Gregory J Gatto
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Erding Hu
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
| | - Robert N Willette
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA
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Abstract
Exercise is the archetype of physiologic demands placed on the cardiovascular system. Acute responses provide an informative assessment of cardiovascular function and fitness, while repeated exercise promotes cardiovascular health and evokes important molecular, structural, and functional changes contributing to its effects in primary and secondary prevention. Here we examine the use of exercise in murine models, both as a phenotypic assay and as a provocative intervention. We first review the advantages and limitations of exercise testing for assessing cardiac function, then highlight the cardiac structural and cellular changes elicited by chronic exercise and key molecular pathways that mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Platt
- Cardiovascular Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Nicholas Houstis
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Cardiovascular Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.,Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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13
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Jacobs G, Oosterlinck W, Dresselaers T, Geenens R, Kerselaers S, Himmelreich U, Herijgers P, Vennekens R. Enhanced β-adrenergic cardiac reserve in Trpm4−/− mice with ischaemic heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 105:330-9. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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