1
|
Kosaki K, Kumamoto S, Tokinoya K, Yoshida Y, Sugaya T, Murase T, Akari S, Nakamura T, Nabekura Y, Takekoshi K, Maeda S. Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity in Marathon Runners: Potential Implications for Marathon-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:1-10. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00669.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess activation of circulating xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) may contribute to the pathogenesis of widespread remote organ injury, including kidney injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute impact of marathon running on plasma XOR activity and to examine whether plasma XOR activity is associated with marathon-induced elevations in biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI). Twenty-three young men (aged 20-25 years) who participated in the 38th Tsukuba Marathon were included. Blood and urine samples were collected before, immediately, 2 h (only blood sample), and 24 h after a full marathon run. Plasma XOR activity was evaluated using a highly sensitive assay utilizing a combination of [13C2,15N2] xanthine and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The levels of several AKI biomarkers, such as serum creatinine and urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) were measured in each participant. Marathon running caused a transient elevation in plasma XOR activity and levels of purine degradation products (hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid) as well as serum creatinine, urinary albumin, and urinary L-FABP levels. Immediately after the marathon, individual relative changes in plasma XOR activity were independently correlated with corresponding changes in serum creatinine and urinary L-FABP levels. In addition, the magnitude of marathon-induced elevation in plasma XOR activity and levels of purine degradation products were higher in individuals who developed AKI. These findings collectively suggest that marathon running substantially influences the purine metabolism pathway including XOR activity. Moreover, activated circulating XOR can be partly associated with elevated biomarkers of AKI after marathon running.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisei Kosaki
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shota Kumamoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tokinoya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Seigo Akari
- Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Mie, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiharu Nabekura
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Díaz-De la Cruz EN, Cerrillos-Gutiérrez JI, García-Sánchez A, Andrade-Sierra J, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Rojas-Campos E, González-Espinoza E, Miranda-Díaz AG. The Alteration of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Markers at Six-Month Post-living Kidney Donation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:382. [PMID: 32850897 PMCID: PMC7403208 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Donors have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease than the general population. Some mechanisms mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress may be involved as risk factors. The objective of the study was to evaluate the behavior of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in living renal donors with a 6-month follow-up. A single prospective cohort was performed in 88 renal donors. At the end of the follow-up, the levels of lipoperoxides, 6.52 ± 1.12 mM, and 8-isoprostanes, 63.75 ± 13.28 pg/mL, were lower than before donation, 10.20 ± 3.95 mM (p < 0.001) and 67.54 ± 9.64 pg/mL (p = 0.026), respectively. Initial levels of nitric oxide (NO), 356.09 ± 59.38 μM increased at the end of the follow-up, 467.08 ± 38.74 μM (p < 0.001). It was observed in the final determination of donors decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), 0.74 ± 0.57 U/L and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), 556.41 ± 80.37 nmol, in comparison with the levels obtained in the initial determination, 1.05 ± 0.57 U/L (p < 0.001) and 827.93 ± 162.78 nmol (p < 0.001), respectively. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 showed no differences at 6 months after donation. The enzyme oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1) responsible for repairing oxidative damage to DNA, showed a decrease in its concentration at the end of the study in donor men, 0.40 ± 0.21 ng/mL compared to the initial levels, 0.55 ± 0.32 ng/mL (p = 0.025). The marker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) exhibited an increase in donor men at the final determination 2.28 ± 1.99 ng/mL, compared to the concentration before donation, 1.72 ± 1.96 ng/mL (p < 0.001). We found significant changes in the markers of the oxidative state with increased NO and 8-OHdG, as well as a significant decrease in the antioxidant defenses SOD, GPx, and in the DNA repair enzyme in living renal donors after 6 months of follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodia Nataly Díaz-De la Cruz
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José Ignacio Cerrillos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Nephrology and Transplants, Specialties Hospital, National Occidental Medical Centre, The Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Andrés García-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge Andrade-Sierra
- Department of Nephrology and Transplants, Specialties Hospital, National Occidental Medical Centre, The Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Enrique Rojas-Campos
- Kidney Diseases Medical Research Unit, Specialties Hospital, National Occidental Medical Centre, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Eduardo González-Espinoza
- Department of Nephrology and Transplants, Specialties Hospital, National Occidental Medical Centre, The Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuru O, Basralı F, Koçer G, Şentürk Ü. Nitric oxide involvement in post-exercise proteinuria of sedentary young men. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
4
|
Kosaki K, Kamijo-Ikemori A, Sugaya T, Kumamoto S, Tanahashi K, Kumagai H, Kimura K, Shibagaki Y, Maeda S. Incremental short maximal exercise increases urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein in adults without CKD. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:709-715. [PMID: 31845418 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced redistribution of tissue blood flow decreases the renal blood flow in an exercise intensity-dependent manner. However, the acute effects of incremental short maximal exercise on renal tubular conditions remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of incremental short maximal exercise on the urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, which is a highly sensitive tubular biomarker that correlates excellently with peritubular capillary blood flow. A total of 116 adults (aged 24-83 years) without chronic kidney disease performed the incremental short maximal exercise using a cycling ergometer, wherein the exercise sequence consisted of commencing with a 2-min workout period at 20 W (as a warm-up period) and then followed by a 10-20 W increase every 1 minute until termination criteria were reached. Urinary samples were gathered before and immediately after the exercise to evaluate the concentrations of urinary creatinine, albumin, and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein. Urinary excretion levels of albumin and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein were significantly increased post-exercise (P < .001 and P = .008, respectively). Furthermore, the % change in urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein levels after exercise was found to correlate independently with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline, and the % change in urinary albumin (Model R2 = 0.451, P < .001). Our findings suggest that incremental short maximal exercise may lead to acute slightly adverse effects on tubular conditions, especially in young adults or adults with lower renal function, even without chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisei Kosaki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kamijo-Ikemori
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shota Kumamoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tanahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sinaga FA, Harahap U, Silalahi J, Sipahutar H. Antioxidant Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil on Urea and Creatinine Levels on Maximum Physical Activity. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3781-3785. [PMID: 32127975 PMCID: PMC7048370 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Maximal physical activity can produce an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants which are possibly related to fatigue and tissue injury. One of the natural sources that contain antioxidants is virgin coconut oil (VCO). AIM: This study aimed to determine the protective effects antioxidant of virgin coconut oil (VCO) treatment on urea and creatine level on maximum physical activity METHODS: This study used 24 healthy male rats. The rats were divided into four groups, randomly consisted of six rats in each group. The control group (P0) was given 2 mL water, the treatment groups (VCO-1, VCO-2, and VCO-4) were given VCO 1 mL/200 gBW, 2 mL/200 gBW and 4 ml/200 gBW, respectively, per day using gavage spuit. After 28 days, the rats were forced to perform maximal activity by putting the rats in water with no exit. Blood samples were collected immediately after the maximum physical activity. The urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde and glutation peroxidase level was then measured. RESULTS: This study used 24 healthy male rats. The rats were divided into four groups randomly consisted of six rats in each group. The control group (P0) was given 2 mL water, the treatment groups (VCO-1, VCO-2, and VCO-4) were given VCO 1 mL/200 gBW, 2 mL/200 gBW and 4 ml/200 gBW, respectively, per day using gavage spuit. After 28 days, the rats were forced to perform the maximal activity by putting the rats in water with no exit. Blood samples were collected immediately after the maximum physical activity. The urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase level was then measured. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that virgin coconut oil is effective in the prevention of oxidative stress following maximum physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fajar Apollo Sinaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Urip Harahap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Jansen Silalahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Herbert Sipahutar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koçer G, Basralı F, Kuru O, Şentürk ÜK. The Renin-Angiotensin System, Not the Kinin-Kallikrein System, Affects Post-Exercise Proteinuria. Nephron Clin Pract 2018; 139:299-304. [PMID: 29772567 DOI: 10.1159/000489506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Temporary proteinuria post-exercise is common and is caused predominantly by renal haemodynamic alterations. One reason is up-regulation of angiotensin II (Ang II) due to the reducing effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. However, another, ignored, reason could be the kininase effect of ACE inhibition. This study investigated how ACE inhibition reduces post-exercise proteinuria: by either Ang II up-regulation inhibition or bradykinin elevation due to kininase activity inhibition. METHODS Our study included 10 volunteers, who completed 3 high-intensity exercise protocols involving cycling at 1-week intervals. The first protocol was a control arm, the second evaluated the effect of ACE inhibition and the third examined the effect of angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade. Upon application, both agents reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure; however, there were no statistically significant -differences. In addition, total protein, microalbumin and -β2-microglobulin excretion levels in urine specimens were analysed before, 30 min after and 120 min after the exercise protocols. RESULTS Total protein levels in urine samples were elevated in all 3 protocols after 30 min of high-intensity exercise, compared to baseline levels. However, both ACE inhibition and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade suppressed total protein in the 30th min. In each protocol, total protein levels returned to the baseline after 120 min. Urinary microalbumin and β2-microglobulin levels during the control protocol were significantly higher 30 min post-exercise; however, only angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade suppressed microalbumin levels. CONCLUSION The results indicated Ang II up-regulation, not bradykinin elevation, plays a role in post-exercise proteinuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günnur Koçer
- Department of Physiology, Near East University, Medical Faculty, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Filiz Basralı
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Oktay Kuru
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ümit Kemal Şentürk
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiong Y, Li Y, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Tang F, Wang X. Cluster of erythrocyte band 3: a potential molecular target of exhaustive exercise-induced dysfunction of erythrocyte deformability. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:1127-34. [PMID: 24289085 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the effect of exhaustive exercise on erythrocyte band 3 (SLC4A1; EB3). The association between the alterations of EB3 and red blood cell (RBC) deformability induced by exercise-induced dysfunction has been investigated. Rats were divided among 2 groups: (i) control (C), and (ii) exercise exhausted (E). RBC deformability was investigated in the rats in the exhaustive exercise and control groups. Erythrocytes from the control and exercise-exhausted groups were evaluated for the expression of erythrocyte band 3 through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies. Exhaustive exercise led to significant increments in the levels of clustering of erythrocyte band 3 along with the conjugation of membrane proteins to form high-molecular-weight complexes (P < 0.05). Under shear stresses, RBC deformability was found to decline significantly in the exhaustive exercise groups compared with the control group. These data suggest that the RBC dysfunction observed during exercise-induced oxidative stress could be associated with alterations in the structure and function of erythrocyte band 3, which in turn leads to dysfunction in the rheological properties of RBCs. These results provide further insight into erythrocyte damage induced by exhaustive exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen H, Zhou CH, Yang J. A modified rat model of exercise-induced renal injury and the protective effects of losartan and yishen huanji decoction. Ren Fail 2013; 35:951-7. [PMID: 23815502 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.808536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We modified a rat model of exercise-induced renal injury by forcing 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (the MOD group) running on a treadmill for 8 weeks under conditions of high temperature, high humidity, bearing weight with some additional stimulations. Compared with the control (CON) group, the traditional running group (TRA), the losartan potassium intervention running group (LOS) and the traditional Chinese medicine "Yishen Huanji Decoction" intervention running group (CHI), the urinary, biochemistry indicators, the concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) were significantly higher in the MOD group than in the TRA group. After 3--4 weeks and 8-week training program, the 24-h urine protein and NAG levels in the LOS group and CHI group were lower than in the MOD group respectively. The BUN and SCr levels in the CHI group were lower than in the MOD group and higher than in the LOS group. AngII concentrations in the LOS group were higher than the MOD group. The modified rat renal injury model induced greater lesions than the traditional model. High temperatures, humidity and weight bearing were critical factors to induce Ang II activation, which can aggravate renal injury. Losartan potassium and the "Yishen Huanji Decoction" can protect against renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Izzicupo P, Di Valerio V, D' Amico MA, Di Mauro M, Pennelli A, Falone S, Alberti G, Amicarelli F, Miscia S, Gallina S, Di Baldassarre A. NAD(P)H oxidase and pro-inflammatory response during maximal exercise: role of C242T polymorphism of the P22PHOX subunit. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:203-11. [PMID: 20378006 DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense exercise induces a pro-inflammatory status through a mechanism involving the NAD(P)H oxidase system. We focused our attention on p22phox, a subunit of the NAD(P)H oxidase, and on its allelic polymorphism C242T, which is known to affect the functional activity of the enzyme. We investigated whether the p22phox C242T variants exhibit systemic effects in healthy subjects by analyzing the proinflammatory and cardiocirculatory responses to physical exercise in endurance athletes. The group of study consisted of 97 long distance runners, 37 +/- 4.4 yrs of age, with similar training history. The subjects underwent a maximal stress test during which both inflammatory and cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored. Our results demonstrate that T allele deeply influences the neutrophil activation in response to intense exercise, since T carriers were characterized by significantly lower release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a classical leukocyte derived pro-inflammatory cytokine. In addition, the presence of T allele was associated with a higher cardiopulmonary efficiency as evidenced by a significantly lower Heart Rate (HR) at the peak of exercise and, when a dominant model was assumed, by a higher maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). On the other hand, no effects of 242T mutation on the plasmatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and on the cortisol responses to the physical exercise were detected. In conclusion, our data support a systemic role for p22phox C242T polymorphism that, modifying the intensity of the inflammatory response, can influence the cardiovascular adaptations elicited by aerobic training. These results contribute to support the hypothesis of a systemic effect for the C242T polymorphism and of its possible functional rebound in healthy subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Izzicupo
- Department of Biomorphology, University of Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Malaguti M, Angeloni C, Garatachea N, Baldini M, Leoncini E, Collado PS, Teti G, Falconi M, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Hrelia S. Sulforaphane treatment protects skeletal muscle against damage induced by exhaustive exercise in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 107:1028-36. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00293.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SF), one of the most important isothiocyanates in the human diet, present in cruciferous vegetables, is known to have chemopreventive activities in different tissues. No data are available on its effects in the prevention of skeletal muscle damage. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effects of SF treatment on muscle damage and oxidative stress induced by an acute bout of exhaustive exercise in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with SF (25 mg/kg body wt ip) for 3 days before undergoing an acute exhaustive exercise protocol in a treadmill (+7% slope and 24 m/min). Acute exercise resulted in a significant increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities. It also resulted in a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, in a significant decrease in tissue total antioxidant capacity, and in a significant decrease in NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression and activity in vastus lateralis muscle. SF treatment significantly increased muscle NQO1, glutathione- S-transferase, and glutathione reductase expression and activity, with no effect on glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. The observed SF-induced upregulation of phase II enzymes was accompanied by a significant increase in nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 expression and correlated with a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity and a decrease in plasma LDH and CPK activities. Our data demonstrate that SF acts as an indirect antioxidant in skeletal muscle and could play a critical role in the modulation of the muscle redox environment, leading to the prevention of exhaustive exercise-induced muscle damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malaguti
- Department of Biochemistry “G. Moruzzi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department of Biochemistry “G. Moruzzi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marta Baldini
- Department of Biochemistry “G. Moruzzi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Leoncini
- Department of Biochemistry “G. Moruzzi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Teti
- Department of Human Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Human Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department of Biochemistry “G. Moruzzi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|