1
|
Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Elemam NM, Hamoudi RA. Toxicogenomic analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data can predict food, drugs, and chemical-induced asthma. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:181-199. [PMID: 31692590 PMCID: PMC6717055 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s217535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background : With the increasing incidence of asthma, more attention is focused on the diverse and complex nutritional and environmental triggers of asthma exacerbations. Currently, there are no established risk assessment tools to evaluate asthma triggering potentials of most of the nutritional and environmental triggers encountered by asthmatic patients. Purpose The objective of this study is to devise a reliable workflow, capable of estimating the toxicogenomic effect of such factors on key player genes in asthma pathogenesis. Methods Gene expression extracted from publicly available datasets of asthmatic bronchial epithelium were subjected to a comprehensive analysis of differential gene expression to identify significant genes involved in asthma development and progression. The identified genes were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis using a total of 31,826 gene sets related to chemical, toxins, and drugs to identify common agents that share similar asthma-related targets genes and signaling pathways. Results Our analysis identified 225 differentially expressed genes between severe asthmatic and healthy bronchial epithelium. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the identified genes showed that they are involved in response to toxic substances and organic cyclic compounds and are targeted by 41 specific diets, plants products, and plants related toxins (eg adenine, arachidonic acid, baicalein, caffeic acid, corilagin, curcumin, ellagic acid, luteolin, microcystin-RR, phytoestrogens, protoporphyrin IX, purpurogallin, rottlerin, and salazinic acid). Moreover, the identified chemicals share interesting inflammation-related pathways like NF-κB. Conclusion Our analysis was able to explain and predict the toxicity in terms of stimulating the differentially expressed genes between severe asthmatic and healthy epithelium. Such an approach can pave the way to generate a cost-effective and reliable source for asthma-specific toxigenic reports thus allowing the asthmatic patients, physicians, and medical researchers to be aware of the potential triggering factors with fatal consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Yaseen Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat A Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mao J, Hu X, Pang P, Zhou B, Zhang Y, Li D, Shan H. Establishment of a CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Cysltr1
Knockout Mouse Model and iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700087. [PMID: 29377627 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Mao
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Pang
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| | - Hong Shan
- Department of Interventional Medicine The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
- Institute of Interventional Radiology; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yosri H, Elkashef WF, Said E, Gameil NM. Crocin modulates IL-4/IL-13 signaling and ameliorates experimentally induced allergic airway asthma in a murine model. Int Immunopharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
4
|
Crocin modulates IL-4/IL-13 signaling and ameliorates experimentally induced allergic airway asthma in a murine model. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:305-312. [PMID: 28738246 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with a prevalent T helper (Th2)-mediated immune reaction. Crocin, the major bioactive constituent of saffron, has been reported in multiple studies to have numerous pharmacological activities, including prominent anti-oxidant activities. In the current study, the anti-asthmatic potential of crocin was evaluated. Adult male Swiss Albino mice were administered 10mg of ovalbumin (OVA) mixed with 1mg of aluminum hydroxide intraperitoneally on days 0 and 7 and were administered crocin (25mg/kg) orally daily for 16days. Asthma progression was associated with significant increase in the lung/body weight index, inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung total protein content, and serious index of lung permeability, indicating pulmonary edema with accumulation of serous fluids within the lungs. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly increased, while lung superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and serum and lung catalase activities were significantly decreased. These changes reflect significant pulmonary inflammation with concomitant disturbance of oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13 contents in the lung were also significantly high after OVA sensitization. Crocin treatment significantly alleviated the OVA-induced allergic asthma-associated alterations in inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. Crocin enhanced anti-oxidant defenses, reduced the incidence of oxidative stress, and restored pro-inflammatory cytokines to normal levels. Histopathological analysis showed significant lung improvement in crocin-treated mice. In conclusion, crocin showed a significant protective effect against allergic asthma progression, which was associated with down-regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression and restoration of oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chichger H, Braza J, Duong H, Boni G, Harrington EO. Select Rab GTPases Regulate the Pulmonary Endothelium via Endosomal Trafficking of Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:769-81. [PMID: 26551054 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0286oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary edema occurs in settings of acute lung injury, in diseases, such as pneumonia, and in acute respiratory distress syndrome. The lung interendothelial junctions are maintained in part by vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an adherens junction protein, and its surface expression is regulated by endocytic trafficking. The Rab family of small GTPases are regulators of endocytic trafficking. The key trafficking pathways are regulated by Rab4, -7, and -9. Rab4 regulates the recycling of endosomes to the cell surface through a rapid-shuttle process, whereas Rab7 and -9 regulate trafficking to the late endosome/lysosome for degradation or from the trans-Golgi network to the late endosome, respectively. We recently demonstrated a role for the endosomal adaptor protein, p18, in regulation of the pulmonary endothelium through enhanced recycling of VE-cadherin to adherens junction. Thus, we hypothesized that Rab4, -7, and -9 regulate pulmonary endothelial barrier function through modulating trafficking of VE-cadherin-positive endosomes. We used Rab mutants with varying activities and associations to the endosome to study endothelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrates a key role for Rab4 activation and Rab9 inhibition in regulation of vascular permeability through enhanced VE-cadherin expression at the interendothelial junction. We further showed that endothelial barrier function mediated through Rab4 is dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and activity. Thus, we demonstrate that Rab4 and -9 regulate VE-cadherin levels at the cell surface to modulate the pulmonary endothelium through extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent and -independent pathways, respectively. We propose that regulating select Rab GTPases represents novel therapeutic strategies for patients suffering with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Havovi Chichger
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Julie Braza
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Huetran Duong
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Geraldine Boni
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elizabeth O Harrington
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie L, Chiang ET, Wu X, Kelly GT, Kanteti P, Singleton PA, Camp SM, Zhou T, Dudek SM, Natarajan V, Wang T, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Jacobson JR. Regulation of Thrombin-Induced Lung Endothelial Cell Barrier Disruption by Protein Kinase C Delta. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158865. [PMID: 27442243 PMCID: PMC4956111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase C (PKC) plays a significant role in thrombin-induced loss of endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity; however, the existence of more than 10 isozymes of PKC and tissue-specific isoform expression has limited our understanding of this important second messenger in vascular homeostasis. In this study, we show that PKCδ isoform promotes thrombin-induced loss of human pulmonary artery EC barrier integrity, findings substantiated by PKCδ inhibitory studies (rottlerin), dominant negative PKCδ construct and PKCδ silencing (siRNA). In addition, we identified PKCδ as a signaling mediator upstream of both thrombin-induced MLC phosphorylation and Rho GTPase activation affecting stress fiber formation, cell contraction and loss of EC barrier integrity. Our inhibitor-based studies indicate that thrombin-induced PKCδ activation exerts a positive feedback on Rho GTPase activation and contributes to Rac1 GTPase inhibition. Moreover, PKD (or PKCμ) and CPI-17, two known PKCδ targets, were found to be activated by PKCδ in EC and served as modulators of cytoskeleton rearrangement. These studies clarify the role of PKCδ in EC cytoskeleton regulation, and highlight PKCδ as a therapeutic target in inflammatory lung disorders, characterized by the loss of barrier integrity, such as acute lung injury and sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Xie
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eddie T Chiang
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Prasad Kanteti
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patrick A Singleton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Steven M Black
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Melas IN, Sakellaropoulos T, Iorio F, Alexopoulos LG, Loh WY, Lauffenburger DA, Saez-Rodriguez J, Bai JPF. Identification of drug-specific pathways based on gene expression data: application to drug induced lung injury. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 7:904-20. [PMID: 25932872 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Identification of signaling pathways that are functional in a specific biological context is a major challenge in systems biology, and could be instrumental to the study of complex diseases and various aspects of drug discovery. Recent approaches have attempted to combine gene expression data with prior knowledge of protein connectivity in the form of a PPI network, and employ computational methods to identify subsets of the protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network that are functional, based on the data at hand. However, the use of undirected networks limits the mechanistic insight that can be drawn, since it does not allow for following mechanistically signal transduction from one node to the next. To address this important issue, we used a directed, signaling network as a scaffold to represent protein connectivity, and implemented an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation to model the rules of signal transduction from one node to the next in the network. We then optimized the structure of the network to best fit the gene expression data at hand. We illustrated the utility of ILP modeling with a case study of drug induced lung injury. We identified the modes of action of 200 lung toxic drugs based on their gene expression profiles and, subsequently, merged the drug specific pathways to construct a signaling network that captured the mechanisms underlying Drug Induced Lung Disease (DILD). We further demonstrated the predictive power and biological relevance of the DILD network by applying it to identify drugs with relevant pharmacological mechanisms for treating lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis N Melas
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahn JJ, Jung JP, Park SE, Lee M, Kwon B, Cho HR. Involvement of Protein Kinase C-δ in Vascular Permeability in Acute Lung Injury. Immune Netw 2015; 15:206-11. [PMID: 26330807 PMCID: PMC4553259 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.4.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary edema is a major cause of mortality due to acute lung injury (ALI). The involvement of protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) in ALI has been a controversial topic. Here we investigated PKC-δ function in ALI using PKC-δ knockout (KO) mice and PKC inhibitors. Our results indicated that although the ability to produce proinflammatory mediators in response to LPS injury in PKC-δ KO mice was similar to that of control mice, they showed enhanced recruitment of neutrophils to the lung and more severe pulmonary edema. PKC-δ inhibition promoted barrier dysfunction in an endothelial cell layer in vitro, and administration of a PKC-δ-specific inhibitor significantly increased steady state vascular permeability. A neutrophil transmigration assay indicated that the PKC-δ inhibition increased neutrophil transmigration through an endothelial monolayer. This suggests that PKC-δ inhibition induces structural changes in endothelial cells, allowing extravasation of proteins and neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong J Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - Jong P Jung
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - Soon E Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - Minhyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - Byungsuk Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea. ; Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - Hong R Cho
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea. ; Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sesame oil attenuates ovalbumin-induced pulmonary edema and bronchial neutrophilic inflammation in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:905670. [PMID: 23710463 PMCID: PMC3654634 DOI: 10.1155/2013/905670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Allergic asthma is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of airways. Severe asthma may lead to hospitalization and death. Sesame oil is a natural product with anti-inflammatory property. However, the effect of sesame oil on allergic asthma has never been studied. Objective. We investigate the effect of sesame oil on pulmonary inflammation in allergic asthma model. Methods. Allergic airway inflammation was induced by sensitizing with two doses of 10 mg ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged with 1% OVA nebulizer exposure (1 h/day) for 3 days. Sesame oil (0.25, 0.5, or 1 mL/kg/day) was given orally 30 min before each challenge. Samples were collected 24 h after the last challenge. Results. Data showed that sesame oil inhibited pulmonary edema and decreased interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in OVA-treated mice. Sesame oil also decreased pulmonary nitrite level, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and neutrophil infiltration induced by OVA. Further, sesame oil decreased serum IgE level in OVA-treated mice. Conclusion. Sesame oil may attenuate pulmonary edema and bronchial neutrophilic inflammation by inhibiting systemic IgE level in allergic asthma.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chichger H, Grinnell KL, Casserly B, Chung CS, Braza J, Lomas-Neira J, Ayala A, Rounds S, Klinger JR, Harrington EO. Genetic disruption of protein kinase Cδ reduces endotoxin-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L880-8. [PMID: 22983354 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00169.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by sequestration of leukocytes in lung tissue, disruption of capillary integrity, and pulmonary edema. PKCδ plays a critical role in RhoA-mediated endothelial barrier function and inflammatory responses. We used mice with genetic deletion of PKCδ (PKCδ(-/-)) to assess the role of PKCδ in susceptibility to LPS-induced lung injury and pulmonary edema. Under baseline conditions or in settings of increased capillary hydrostatic pressures, no differences were noted in the filtration coefficients (k(f)) or wet-to-dry weight ratios between PKCδ(+/+) and PKCδ(-/-) mice. However, at 24 h after exposure to LPS, the k(f) values were significantly higher in lungs isolated from PKCδ(+/+) than PKCδ(-/-) mice. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from LPS-exposed PKCδ(+/+) mice displayed increased protein and cell content compared with LPS-exposed PKCδ(-/-) mice, but similar changes in inflammatory cytokines were measured. Histology indicated elevated LPS-induced cellularity and inflammation within PKCδ(+/+) mouse lung parenchyma relative to PKCδ(-/-) mouse lungs. Transient overexpression of catalytically inactive PKCδ cDNA in the endothelium significantly attenuated LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction in vitro and increased k(f) lung values in PKCδ(+/+) mice. However, transient overexpression of wild-type PKCδ cDNA in PKCδ(-/-) mouse lung vasculature did not alter the protective effects of PKCδ deficiency against LPS-induced acute lung injury. We conclude that PKCδ plays a role in the pathological progression of endotoxin-induced lung injury, likely mediated through modulation of inflammatory signaling and pulmonary vascular barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Havovi Chichger
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grinnell K, Duong H, Newton J, Rounds S, Choudhary G, Harrington EO. Heterogeneity in apoptotic responses of microvascular endothelial cells to oxidative stress. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1899-910. [PMID: 21732361 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to disease and can alter endothelial cell (EC) function. EC from different vascular beds are heterogeneous in structure and function, thus we assessed the apoptotic responses of EC from lung and heart to oxidative stress. Since protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is activated by oxidative stress and is an important modulator of apoptosis, experiments assessed the level of apoptosis in fixed lung and heart sections of PKCδ wild-type (PKCδ(+/+)) and null (PKCδ(-/-)) mice housed under normoxia (21% O(2)) or hyperoxia (~95% O(2)). We noted a significantly greater number of TUNEL-positive cells in lungs of hyperoxic PKCδ(+/+) mice, compared to matched hearts or normoxic organs. We found that 33% of apoptotic cells identified in hyperoxic lungs of PKCδ(+/+) mice were EC, compared to 7% EC in hyperoxic hearts. We further noted that EC apoptosis was significantly reduced in lungs of PKCδ(-/-) hyperoxic mice, compared to lungs of PKCδ(+/+) hyperoxic mice. In vitro, both hyperoxia and H(2)O(2) promoted apoptosis in EC isolated from microvasculature of lung (LMVEC), but not from the heart (HMVEC). H(2)O(2) treatment significantly increased p38 activity in LMVEC, but not in HMVEC. Inhibition of p38 attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced LMVEC apoptosis. Baseline expression of total PKCδ protein, as well as the caspase-mediated, catalytically active PKCδ cleavage fragment, was higher in LMVEC, compared to HMVEC. PKCδ inhibition significantly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced LMVEC p38 activation. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type PKCδ or the catalytically active PKCδ cleavage product greatly increased H(2)O(2)-induced HMVEC caspase and p38 activation. We propose that enhanced susceptibility of lung EC to oxidant-induced apoptosis is due to increased PKCδ→p38 signaling, and we describe a PKCδ-centric pathway which dictates the differential response of EC from distinct vascular beds to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Grinnell
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grinnell KL, Chichger H, Braza J, Duong H, Harrington EO. Protection against LPS-induced pulmonary edema through the attenuation of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B oxidation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:623-32. [PMID: 22180868 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0271oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One hallmark of acute lung injury is the disruption of the pulmonary endothelial barrier. Such disruption correlates with increased endothelial permeability, partly through the disruption of cell-cell contacts. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are known to affect the stability of both cell-extracellular matrix adhesions and intercellular adherens junctions (AJs). However, evidence for the role of select PTPs in regulating endothelial permeability is limited. Our investigations noted that the inhibition of PTP1B in cultured pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs), as well as in the vasculature of intact murine lungs via the transient overexpression of a catalytically inactive PTP1B, decreased the baseline resistance of cultured EC monolayers and increased the formation of edema in murine lungs, respectively. In addition, we observed that the overexpression of wild-type PTP1B enhanced basal barrier function in vitro. Immunohistochemical analyses of pulmonary ECs and the coimmunoprecipitation of murine lung homogenates demonstrated the association of PTP1B with the AJ proteins β-catenin, p120-catenin, and VE-cadherin both in vitro and ex vivo. Using LPS in a model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury, we showed that reactive oxygen species were generated in response to LPS, which correlated with enhanced PTP1B oxidation, inhibited phosphatase activity, and attenuation of the interactions between PTP1B and β-catenin, as well as enhanced β-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation. Finally, the overexpression of a cytosolic PTP1B fragment, shown to be resistant to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced oxidase-4 (Nox4)-mediated oxidation, significantly attenuated LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and the formation of lung edema, and preserved the associations of PTP1B with AJ protein components, independent of PTP1B phosphatase activity. We conclude that PTP1B plays an important role in maintaining the pulmonary endothelial barrier, and PTP1B oxidation appears to contribute to sepsis-induced pulmonary vascular dysfunction, possibly through the disruption of AJs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Grinnell
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ellman MB, Kim JS, An HS, Kroin JS, Li X, Chen D, Yan D, Buechter DD, Nakayama K, Liu B, Morgan S, Im HJ. The pathophysiologic role of the protein kinase Cδ pathway in the intervertebral discs of rabbits and mice: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 64:1950-9. [PMID: 22161873 DOI: 10.1002/art.34337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) activation has been shown to be a principal rate-limiting step in matrix-degrading enzyme production in human articular chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the PKC pathways, specifically PKCδ, in intervertebral disc tissue homeostasis. METHODS Using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo techniques, we evaluated the pathophysiologic role of the PKCδ pathway by examining 1) proteoglycan deposition, 2) matrix-degrading enzyme production and activity, 3) downstream signaling pathways regulated by PKCδ, and 4) the effect on in vivo models of disc degeneration in genetically engineered PKCδ-knockout mice. RESULTS Studies of pathway-specific inhibitors revealed a vital role of the PKCδ/MAPK (ERK, p38, JNK) axis and NF-κB in disc homeostasis. Accordingly, in an in vivo model of disc injury, PKCδ-knockout mice were markedly resistant to disc degeneration. CONCLUSION Suppression of the PKCδ pathway may be beneficial in the prevention and/or treatment of disc degeneration. The results of this study provide evidence for a potential therapeutic role of pathway-specific inhibitors of the PKCδ cascade in the future.
Collapse
|
14
|
Grinnell KL, Harrington EO. Interplay between FAK, PKCδ, and p190RhoGAP in the regulation of endothelial barrier function. Microvasc Res 2011; 83:12-21. [PMID: 21549132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of either intercellular or extracellular junctions involved in maintaining endothelial barrier function can result in increased endothelial permeability. Increased endothelial permeability, in turn, allows for the unregulated movement of fluid and solutes out of the vasculature and into the surrounding connective tissue, contributing to a number of disease states, including stroke and pulmonary edema (Ermert et al., 1995; Lee and Slutsky, 2010; van Hinsbergh, 1997; Waller et al., 1996; Warboys et al., 2010). Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial cell junction integrity is controlled is necessary for development of therapies aimed at treating such conditions. In this review, we will discuss the functions of three signaling molecules known to be involved in regulation of endothelial permeability: focal adhesion kinase (FAK), protein kinase C delta (PKCδ), and p190RhoGAP (p190). We will discuss the independent functions of each protein, as well as the interplay that exists between them and the effects of such interactions on endothelial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Grinnell
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chavez A, Smith M, Mehta D. New Insights into the Regulation of Vascular Permeability. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 290:205-48. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386037-8.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
16
|
Vang A, Mazer J, Casserly B, Choudhary G. Activation of endothelial BKCa channels causes pulmonary vasodilation. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:122-9. [PMID: 20470901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels cause hyperpolarization and can regulate vascular tone. In this study, we evaluated the effect of endothelial BK(Ca) activation on pulmonary vascular tone. METHODS The presence of BK(Ca) channels in lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVEC) and rat lung tissue was confirmed by RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Isolated pulmonary artery (PA) rings and isolated ventilated-perfused rat lungs were used to assay the effects of BK(Ca) channel activation on endothelium-dependent vasodilation. RESULTS Immunoblotting and RT-PCR revealed the presence of BK(Ca) channel alpha- and beta(4)-subunits in LMVEC. Immunohistochemical staining showed BK(Ca) channel alpha-subunit expression in vascular endothelium in rat lungs. In arterial ring studies, BK(Ca) channel activation by NS1619 enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilation that was attenuated by tetraethylammonium and iberiotoxin. In addition, activation of BK(Ca) channels by C-type natriuretic peptide caused endothelial-dependent vasodilation that was blocked by iberiotoxin, L-NAME, and lanthanum. Furthermore, BK(Ca) activation by NS1619 caused a dose-dependent reduction in PA pressures that was attenuated by L-NAME. In vitro, BK(Ca) channel activation in LMVEC caused hyperpolarization and increased NO production. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary endothelium expresses BK(Ca) channels. Activation of endothelial BK(Ca) channels causes hyperpolarization and NO mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in micro- and macrovasculature in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vang
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lu Q, Harrington EO, Newton J, Casserly B, Radin G, Warburton R, Zhou Y, Blackburn MR, Rounds S. Adenosine protected against pulmonary edema through transporter- and receptor A2-mediated endothelial barrier enhancement. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 298:L755-67. [PMID: 20228181 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00330.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that adenosine plus homocysteine enhanced endothelial basal barrier function and protected against agonist-induced barrier dysfunction in vitro through attenuation of RhoA activation by inhibition of isoprenylcysteine-O-carboxyl methyltransferase. In the current study, we tested the effect of elevated adenosine on pulmonary endothelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo. We noted that adenosine alone dose dependently enhanced endothelial barrier function. While adenosine receptor A(1) or A(3) antagonists were ineffective, an adenosine transporter inhibitor, NBTI, or a combination of DPMX and MRS1754, antagonists for adenosine receptors A(2A) and A(2B), respectively, partially attenuated the barrier-enhancing effect of adenosine. Similarly, inhibition of both A(2A) and A(2B) receptors with siRNA also blunted the effect of adenosine on barrier function. Interestingly, inhibition of both transporters and A(2A)/A(2B) receptors completely abolished adenosine-induced endothelial barrier enhancement. The adenosine receptor A(2A) and A(2B) agonist, NECA, also significantly enhanced endothelial barrier function. These data suggest that both adenosine transporters and A(2A) and A(2B) receptors are necessary for exerting maximal effect of adenosine on barrier enhancement. We also found that adenosine enhanced Rac1 GTPase activity and overexpression of dominant negative Rac1 attenuated adenosine-induced increases in focal adhesion complexes. We further demonstrated that elevation of cellular adenosine by inhibition of adenosine deaminase with Pentostatin significantly enhanced endothelial basal barrier function, an effect that was also associated with enhanced Rac1 GTPase activity and with increased focal adhesion complexes and adherens junctions. Finally, using a non-inflammatory acute lung injury (ALI) model induced by alpha-naphthylthiourea, we found that administration of Pentostatin, which elevated lung adenosine level by 10-fold, not only attenuated the development of edema before ALI but also partially reversed edema after ALI. The data suggest that adenosine deaminase inhibition may be useful in treatment of pulmonary edema in settings of ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ghrelin attenuates acute pancreatitis-induced lung injury and inhibits substance P expression. Am J Med Sci 2010; 339:49-54. [PMID: 19926967 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3181b9c3d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ghrelin administration on the severity of acute lung injury and on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and Substance P (SP) in rats with acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS AP was induced in rats by sodium taurocholate injection through pancreaticobiliary duct. Ghrelin 20 nmol/kg was given before and after the treatment. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and -6 levels in the serum were measured using the radioimmunoassay method. Morphological signs of lung injury, pulmonary water content, microvascular permeability, and myeloperoxidase activity were measured. Meanwhile, the determination of pulmonary SP mRNA level and its expression were performed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The serum proinflammatory cytokines, pulmonary water content, microvascular permeability, and myeloperoxidase activity were increased, and morphological damages were observed in the lung of AP rats. SP mRNA level and its expression were significantly higher in sham-operated rats (P < 0.05). Morphological damages were attenuated and serum cytokines and pulmonary parameters were reduced by pre- and posttreatment with ghrelin. Pulmonary SP expression was also significantly down-regulated by ghrelin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin attenuates the severity of acute lung injury induced by AP. The reduction of neutrophil sequestration, limitation of proinflammatory cytokines release, and inhibition of pulmonary SP expression may be the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effect of ghrelin.
Collapse
|
19
|
Grinnell KL, Casserly B, Harrington EO. Role of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in barrier function of pulmonary endothelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 298:L361-70. [PMID: 20023173 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00374.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary edema is mediated in part by disruption of interendothelial cell contacts. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) have been shown to affect both cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell junctions. The SH2 domain-containing nonreceptor PTP, SHP2, is involved in intercellular signaling through direct interaction with adherens junction proteins. In this study, we examined the role of SHP2 in pulmonary endothelial barrier function. Inhibition of SHP2 promoted edema formation in rat lungs and increased monolayer permeability in cultured lung endothelial cells. In addition, pulmonary endothelial cells demonstrated a decreased level of p190RhoGAP activity following inhibition of SHP2, events that were accompanied by a concomitant increase in RhoA activity. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed enhanced actin stress fiber formation and diminished interendothelial staining of adherens junction complex-associated proteins upon SHP2 inhibition. Finally, immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses demonstrated increased tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, beta-catenin, and p190RhoGAP proteins, as well as decreased association between p120-catenin and VE-cadherin proteins. Our findings suggest that SHP2 supports basal pulmonary endothelial barrier function by coordinating the tyrosine phosphorylation profile of VE-cadherin, beta-catenin, and p190RhoGAP and the activity of RhoA, signaling molecules important in adherens junction complex integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Grinnell
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Ave., Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Role of PKCbetaII and PKCdelta in blood-brain barrier permeability during aglycemic hypoxia. Neurosci Lett 2009; 468:254-8. [PMID: 19900507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction contributes to the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke. In the present study, we investigated the role of PKC isoforms in aglycemic hypoxia-induced hyperpermeability using an in vitro model of the BBB consisting of mouse bEnd.3 cells. PKCbetaII and PKCdelta isoforms were activated during aglycemic hypoxia. CGP53353, a specific PKCbetaII inhibitor, significantly attenuated aglycemic hypoxia-induced BBB hyperpermeability and disruption of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), indicating a deleterious role of PKCbetaII in the regulation of BBB permeability during aglycemic hypoxia. Conversely, rottlerin, a specific PKCdelta inhibitor, exacerbated BBB hyperpermeability and tight junction (TJ) disruption during aglycemic hypoxia, indicating a protective role of PKCdelta against aglycemic hypoxia-induced BBB hyperpermeability. Furthermore, disruption of TJ proteins during aglycemic hypoxia was attenuated by PKCbetaII DN and PKCdelta WT overexpression, and aggravated by PKCbetaII WT and PKCdelta DN overexpression. These results suggest that PKCbetaII and PKCdelta counter-regulate BBB permeability during aglycemic hypoxia.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fordjour AK, Harrington EO. PKCdelta influences p190 phosphorylation and activity: events independent of PKCdelta-mediated regulation of endothelial cell stress fiber and focal adhesion formation and barrier function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1179-90. [PMID: 19632305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) inhibition results in increased endothelial cell (EC) permeability and decreased RhoA activity; which correlated with diminished stress fibers (SF) and focal adhesions (FA). We have also shown co-precipitation of p190RhoGAP (p190) with PKCdelta. Here, we investigated if PKCdelta regulates p190 and whether PKCdelta-mediated changes in SF and FA or permeability were dependent upon p190. METHODS Protein-protein interaction and activity analyses were performed using co-precipitation assays. Analysis of p190 phosphorylation was performed using in vitro kinase assays. SF and FA were analyzed by immunofluorescence analyses. EC monolayer permeability was measured using electrical cell impedance sensor (ECIS) technique. RESULTS Inhibition of PKCdelta increased p190 activity, while PKCdelta overexpression diminished p190 activity. PKCdelta bound to and phosphorylated both p190FF and p190GTPase domains. p190 protein overexpression diminished SF and FA formation and RhoA activity. Disruption of SF and FA or increased permeability induced upon PKCdelta inhibition, were not attenuated in EC in which the p190 isoforms were suppressed individually or concurrently. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that while PKCdelta can regulate p190 activity, possibly at the FF and/or GTPase domains, the effect of PKCdelta inhibition on SF and FA and barrier dysfunction occurs through a pathway independent of p190.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akua K Fordjour
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khamaisi M, Dahan R, Hamed S, Abassi Z, Heyman SN, Raz I. Role of protein kinase C in the expression of endothelin converting enzyme-1. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1440-9. [PMID: 18974277 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) is associated with diabetic nephropathy. The molecular mechanisms underlying this association, as yet unknown, possibly involve protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. In the present study, we examined the effects of high glucose and PKC activation on ECE-1 expression in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in HUVEC line (EA.hy926). Increasing glucose concentration, but not mannitol, from 5.5-22.2 mmol/liter for 3 d, enhanced prepro endothelin-1 (ET-1) mRNA expression, ET-1 levels, ECE-1 protein, and mRNA expressions by 7, 4, 20, and 2.6-fold, respectively. High glucose increased ECE-1 protein expression dose and time dependently. By Western blot analysis, PKC-beta1, -beta2, and -delta isoform levels were significantly increased relative to other isoforms when glucose level was increased. Treatment with Rottlerin, a PKC-delta isoform inhibitor, reduced significantly the glucose-induced ET-1 secretion, and ECE-1 protein expression, but (S)-13-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-10,11,14,15-tetrahydro-4,9:16,21-dimetheno 1H,1(3)H-dibenzo[e,k]pyrrolo[3,4-h] (1, 4, 3) oxadiaza-cyclohexadecene-1,3(2H)-dione or Gö6976, specific PKC-beta and -alpha inhibitors, respectively, did not. Overexpression of PKC-delta but not PKC-alpha or -beta1 isoforms by adenovirus vector containing the respective cDNA in HUVECs incubated with 5.5 mmol/liter glucose, increased in parallel PKC proteins, and glucose-induced endothein-1 and ECE-1 protein expression by 4- to 6-fold. These results show that enhanced ECE-1 expression induced by hyperglycemia is partly due to activation of the PKC-delta isoform. Thus, inhibition of this PKC isoform may prevent diabetes-related increase in ET-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mogher Khamaisi
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Unit, Hadassah Hospital, Ein Kerem, Mt Scopus, and the Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gaudreault N, Perrin RM, Guo M, Clanton CP, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Counter regulatory effects of PKCbetaII and PKCdelta on coronary endothelial permeability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1527-33. [PMID: 18497307 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.166975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the endothelial distribution and activity of selected PKC isoforms in coronary vessels with respect to their functional impact on endothelial permeability under the experimental conditions relevant to diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS En face immunohistochemistry demonstrated a significant increase of PKC(betaII) and decrease of PKCdelta expression in coronary arterial endothelium of Zucker diabetic rats. To test whether changes in PKC expression alter endothelial barrier properties, we measured the transcellular electric resistance in human coronary microvascular endothelial monolayers and found that either PKC(betaII) overexpression or PKCdelta inhibition disrupted the cell-cell adhesive barrier. Three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy revealed that hyperpermeability was caused by altered PKC activity in association with distinct translocation of PKC(betaII) to the cell-cell junction and PKCdelta localization to the cytosol. Further analyses in fractionated endothelial lysates confirmed the differential redistribution of these isozymes. Additionally, FRET analysis of PKC subcellular dynamics demonstrated a high PKC(betaII) activity at the cell surface and junction, whereas PKCdelta activity is concentrated in intracellular membrane organelles. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that PKC(betaII) and PKCdelta counter-regulate coronary endothelial barrier properties by targeting distinctive subcellular sites. Imbalanced PKC(betaII)/PKCdelta expression and activity may contribute to endothelial hyperpermeability and coronary dysfunction in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gaudreault
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4625 2nd Avenue, Room 3006, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|