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Milot E, Martin T, Kuldavletova O, Bessot N, Toupet M, Hautefort C, Van Nechel C, Clément G, Quarck G, Denise P. Exploration of sleep quality and rest-activity rhythms characteristics in Bilateral Vestibulopathy patients. Sleep Med 2024; 124:9-15. [PMID: 39241434 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian timing systems are constantly regulated by both photic and non-photic signals. Connections between the vestibular nuclei and the biological clock raise the question of the effect of peripheral vestibular loss on daily rhythms, such as the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythm. To answer this question, we compared the sleep and rest-activity rhythm parameters of 15 patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) to those of 15 healthy controls. Sleep and rest-activity cycle were recorded by a device coupling actimetry with the heart rate and actigraphy at home over 7 days. Subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sleep efficiency and subjective sleep quality were significantly reduced, and sleep fragmentation was increased in BVP patients compared to controls. BVP patients displayed a damped amplitude of the rest-activity rhythm and higher sleep fragmentation, reflected by a higher nocturnal activity compared to controls. These results suggest that both rest-activity and sleep cycles are impaired in BVP patients compared to healthy controls. BVP patients seem to have greater difficulty maintaining good sleep at night compared to controls. BVP pathology appears to affect the sleep-wake cycle and disturb the circadian rhythm synchronization. Nevertheless, these results need further investigation to be confirmed, particularly with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Milot
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Univ, France.
| | - T Martin
- Movement - Interactions, Performance, MIP, EA 4334, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - O Kuldavletova
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Univ, France
| | - N Bessot
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Univ, France
| | - M Toupet
- Centre d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Oto-Neurologiques, Paris, France
| | - C Hautefort
- Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U1141, Paris, France; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Van Nechel
- Centre d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Oto-Neurologiques, Paris, France
| | - G Clément
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Univ, France
| | - G Quarck
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Univ, France
| | - P Denise
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, COMETE U1075, CYCERON, CHU de Caen, Normandie Univ, France
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2
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Abe C, Katayama C, Horii K, Okada R, Kamimura D, Nin F, Morita H. Changes in metabolism and vestibular function depend on gravitational load in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:10-17. [PMID: 36395381 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00555.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system is known to participate in controlling posture and metabolism. Different gravitational environments, including microgravity or hypergravity, cause plastic alteration of the vestibular system, and plasticity is important for adaptation to a novel gravitational environment. However, it is unclear whether the degree of change in vestibular-related physiological function depends on gravitational loading. To examine this, we used a hypergravity environment including 1.33 G, 1.67 G, and 2 G for 29 days. We found that a gravitational threshold induces physiological changes, including vestibular-related posture control and metabolism in mice. Body mass did not return to the preloading level in 1.67 G and 2 G mice. A significant drop in food intake, observed on the first day of hypergravity load, disappeared in all mice after longer exposure. However, a reduction in water intake was sustained in 2 G mice but not 1.33 G and 1.67 G mice. Body temperature did not return to the preloading level in 2 G mice by the final day. A decrease in the skill of the righting reflex was observed in 2 G mice but not 1.33 G and 1.67 G mice. In conclusion, this study showed that hypergravity-induced changes in metabolism and vestibular function depended on the amount of gravitational loading. The 2 G load affected vestibular-related posture control and metabolism considerably, compared with 1.33 G and 1.67 G loads.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is unclear whether the degree of change in vestibular-related physiological function depends on gravitational loading. Present study showed that exposure to hypergravity-induced degrees of change in metabolism and vestibular function depended on the gravitational loading. The response of body mass depended on the gravitational loading size. Especially in 2 G environment, water intake, body temperature, and vestibular function were influenced. These changes could involve plastic alteration of vestibular-related autonomic and motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Abe
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chikako Katayama
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Horii
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Risa Okada
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nin
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morita
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Pasquier F, Bessot N, Martin T, Gauthier A, Bulla J, Denise P, Quarck G. Effect of vestibular stimulation using a rotatory chair in human rest/activity rhythm. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1244-1251. [PMID: 32845722 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1797762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The vestibular system is responsible for sensing every angular and linear head acceleration, mainly during periods of motor activity. Previous animal and human experiments have shown biological rhythm disruptions in small rodents exposed to a hypergravity environment, but also in patients with bilateral vestibular loss compared to a control population. This raised the hypothesis of the vestibular afferent influence on circadian rhythm synchronization. The present study aimed to test the impact of vestibular stimulation induced by a rotatory chair on the rest/activity rhythm in human subjects. Thirty-four healthy adults underwent both sham (SHAM) and vestibular stimulation (STIM) sessions scheduled at 18:00 h. An off-vertical axis rotation on a rotatory chair was used to ecologically stimulate the vestibular system by head accelerations. The rest/activity rhythm was continuously registered by actigraphy. The recording started one week before the first session (BASELINE), continued in the week between the two sessions and one week after the second session. Vestibular stimulation caused a significant decrease in the average activity level in the evening following the vestibular stimulation. A significant phase advance in the rest/activity rhythm occurred two days after the 18:00 h vestibular stimulation session. Moreover, the level of motion sickness symptoms increased significantly after vestibular stimulation. The present study confirms previous results on the effect of vestibular stimulation and the role of vestibular afferents on circadian biological rhythmicity. Our results support the hypothesis of the implication of vestibular afferents as non-photic stimuli acting on circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florane Pasquier
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, Gip Cyceron , Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Bessot
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, Gip Cyceron , Caen, France
| | - Tristan Martin
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, Gip Cyceron , Caen, France
| | - Antoine Gauthier
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, Gip Cyceron , Caen, France
| | - Jan Bulla
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Denise
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, Gip Cyceron , Caen, France
| | - Gaëlle Quarck
- Normandie University, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, Gip Cyceron , Caen, France
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4
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Martin T, Bonargent T, Besnard S, Quarck G, Mauvieux B, Pigeon E, Denise P, Davenne D. Vestibular stimulation by 2G hypergravity modifies resynchronization in temperature rhythm in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9216. [PMID: 32514078 PMCID: PMC7280278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Input from the light/dark (LD) cycle constitutes the primary synchronizing stimulus for the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) circadian clock. However, the SCN can also be synchronized by non-photic inputs. Here, we hypothesized that the vestibular system, which detects head motion and orientation relative to gravity, may provide sensory inputs to synchronize circadian rhythmicity. We investigated the resynchronization of core temperature (Tc) circadian rhythm to a six-hour phase advance of the LD cycle (LD + 6) using hypergravity (2 G) as a vestibular stimulation in control and bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) rats. Three conditions were tested: an LD + 6 exposure alone, a series of seven 2 G pulses without LD + 6, and a series of seven one-hour 2 G pulses (once a day) following LD + 6. First, following LD + 6, sham rats exposed to 2 G pulses resynchronized earlier than BVL rats (p = 0.01), and earlier than sham rats exposed to LD + 6 alone (p = 0.002). Each 2 G pulse caused an acute drop of Tc in sham rats (-2.8 ± 0.3 °C; p < 0.001), while BVL rats remained unaffected. This confirms that the vestibular system influences chronobiological regulation and supports the hypothesis that vestibular input, like physical activity, should be considered as a potent time cue for biological rhythm synchronization, acting in synergy with the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Martin
- UMR-S 1075 COMETE: MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologies, Santé", INSERM-Normandy University, Caen, France
| | | | - Stéphane Besnard
- UMR-S 1075 COMETE: MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologies, Santé", INSERM-Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Gaëlle Quarck
- UMR-S 1075 COMETE: MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologies, Santé", INSERM-Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Benoit Mauvieux
- UMR-S 1075 COMETE: MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologies, Santé", INSERM-Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Eric Pigeon
- University, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, LAC, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Denise
- UMR-S 1075 COMETE: MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologies, Santé", INSERM-Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Damien Davenne
- UMR-S 1075 COMETE: MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologies, Santé", INSERM-Normandy University, Caen, France.
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Smith BJH, Usherwood JR. An instrumented centrifuge for studying mouse locomotion and behaviour under hypergravity. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.043018. [PMID: 31189660 PMCID: PMC6602334 DOI: 10.1242/bio.043018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gravity may influence multiple aspects of legged locomotion, from the periods of limbs moving as pendulums to the muscle forces required to support the body. We present a system for exposing mice to hypergravity using a centrifuge and studying their locomotion and activity during exposure. Centrifuge-induced hypergravity has the advantages that it both allows animals to move freely, and it affects both body and limbs. The centrifuge can impose two levels of hypergravity concurrently, using two sets of arms of different lengths, each carrying a mouse cage outfitted with a force and speed measuring exercise wheel and an infrared high-speed camera; both triggered automatically when a mouse begins running on the wheel. Welfare is monitored using infrared cameras. As well as detailing the design of the centrifuge and instrumentation, we present example data from mice exposed to multiple levels of hypergravity and details of how they acclimatized to hypergravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J H Smith
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - James R Usherwood
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
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Martin T, Moussay S, Bulla I, Bulla J, Toupet M, Etard O, Denise P, Davenne D, Coquerel A, Quarck G. Exploration of Circadian Rhythms in Patients with Bilateral Vestibular Loss. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155067. [PMID: 27341473 PMCID: PMC4920359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New insights have expanded the influence of the vestibular system to the regulation of circadian rhythmicity. Indeed, hypergravity or bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) in rodents causes a disruption in their daily rhythmicity for several days. The vestibular system thus influences hypothalamic regulation of circadian rhythms on Earth, which raises the question of whether daily rhythms might be altered due to vestibular pathology in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate human circadian rhythmicity in people presenting a total bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) in comparison with control participants. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Nine patients presenting a total idiopathic BVL and 8 healthy participants were compared. Their rest-activity cycle was recorded by actigraphy at home over 2 weeks. The daily rhythm of temperature was continuously recorded using a telemetric device and salivary cortisol was recorded every 3 hours from 6:00AM to 9:00PM over 24 hours. BVL patients displayed a similar rest activity cycle during the day to control participants but had higher nocturnal actigraphy, mainly during weekdays. Sleep efficiency was reduced in patients compared to control participants. Patients had a marked temperature rhythm but with a significant phase advance (73 min) and a higher variability of the acrophase (from 2:24 PM to 9:25 PM) with no correlation to rest-activity cycle, contrary to healthy participants. Salivary cortisol levels were higher in patients compared to healthy people at any time of day. CONCLUSION We observed a marked circadian rhythmicity of temperature in patients with BVL, probably due to the influence of the light dark cycle. However, the lack of synchronization between the temperature and rest-activity cycle supports the hypothesis that the vestibular inputs are salient input to the circadian clock that enhance the stabilization and precision of both external and internal entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Martin
- UNICAEN, COMETE, 14032 Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, 14032 Caen, France
- Normandie Universite, Caen, France
| | - Sébastien Moussay
- UNICAEN, COMETE, 14032 Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, 14032 Caen, France
- Normandie Universite, Caen, France
| | - Ingo Bulla
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Group T-6, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Institut für Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Straße 47, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Bulla
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Michel Toupet
- Centre d’explorations fonctionnelles oto-neurologiques, 10 rue Falguière, 75 015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Etard
- Normandie Universite, Caen, France
- CHU de Caen, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Pierre Denise
- UNICAEN, COMETE, 14032 Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, 14032 Caen, France
- Normandie Universite, Caen, France
- CHU de Caen, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Damien Davenne
- UNICAEN, COMETE, 14032 Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, 14032 Caen, France
- Normandie Universite, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Coquerel
- UNICAEN, COMETE, 14032 Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, 14032 Caen, France
- Normandie Universite, Caen, France
- CHU de Caen, Laboratoire de pharmacologie-toxicologie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Gaëlle Quarck
- UNICAEN, COMETE, 14032 Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, 14032 Caen, France
- Normandie Universite, Caen, France
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7
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Protection against neurodegenerative disease on Earth and in space. NPJ Microgravity 2016; 2:16013. [PMID: 28725728 PMCID: PMC5515513 DOI: 10.1038/npjmgrav.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All living organisms have evolutionarily adapted themselves to the Earth’s gravity, and failure to adapt to gravity changes may lead to pathological conditions. This perspective may also apply to abnormal aging observed in bedridden elderly patients with aging-associated diseases such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Given that bedridden elderly patients are partially analogous to astronauts in that both cannot experience the beneficial effects of gravity on the skeletal system and may suffer from bone loss and muscle weakness, one may wonder whether there are gravity-related mechanisms underlying diseases among the elderly. In contrast to numerous studies of the relevance of microgravity in skeletal disorders, little attention has been paid to neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to discuss the possible relevance of microgravity in these diseases. We particularly noted a proteomics paper showing that levels of hippocampal proteins, including β-synuclein and carboxyl-terminal ubiquitin hydrolase L1, which have been linked to familial neurodegenerative diseases, were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of mice subjected to hindlimb suspension, a model of microgravity. We suggest that microgravity-induced neurodegeneration may be further exacerbated by diabetes and other factors. On the basis of this view, prevention of neurodegenerative diseases through ‘anti-diabetes’ and ‘hypergravity’ approaches may be important as a common therapeutic approach on Earth and in space. Collectively, neurodegenerative diseases and space medicine may be linked to each other more strongly than previously thought.
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Ranieri D, Cucina A, Bizzarri M, Alimandi M, Torrisi MR. Microgravity influences circadian clock oscillation in human keratinocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:717-23. [PMID: 26448904 PMCID: PMC4571538 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of gravitational forces affect oscillations of circadian clock genes. The effects of microgravity on the circadian clock persist during the recovery process from microgravity. Linking of mechanotransduction to circadian rhythms reveals changes in physiology.
Microgravity and sudden changes of gravitational forces exert numerous effects on tissues, organs and apparatus. Responses to these forces variably applied to cells indicate the existence of mechanotransduction pathways able to modulate transcription. Oscillation of circadian clocks similarly influences many cellular and metabolic processes. Here we hypothesized that signals derived from changes of gravitational forces applied to epidermal cells might influence their physiology in harmony with the oscillation of the molecular clock. In this study, we describe amplified oscillations of Bmal1 circadian clock gene in human keratinocytes exposed to short simulated microgravity and to rapid variation of gravitational forces. We found that exposure to microgravity enhances the amplitude of the Bmal1 feedback loop sustained by an apparently lower variability of Rev-erbα transcription, while recovery from microgravity is characterized by increased amplitude of Bmal1 expression and elongation of the oscillatory periods of Bmal1 and Rev-erbα. These data highlight the existence of integrated signaling network connecting mechanosensitive pathways to circadian gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Ranieri
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia "P. Valdoni", Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Alimandi
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy ; Azienda Ospedaliera S. Andrea, Rome, Italy
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9
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Wang P, Wang Z, Wang D, Tian Y, Li F, Zhang S, Zhang L, Guo Y, Liu W, Wang C, Chen S, Guo J. Altered Gravity Simulated by Parabolic Flight and Water Immersion Leads to Decreased Trunk Motion. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208253 PMCID: PMC4514894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravity is one of the important environmental factors that influence the physiologies and behaviors of animals and humans, and changes in gravity elicit a variety of physiological and behavioral alterations that include impaired movement coordination, vertigo, spatial disorientation, and perceptual illusions. To elucidate the effects of gravity on human physiology and behavior, we examined changes in wrist and trunk activities and heart rate during parabolic flight and the activity of wrist and trunk in water immersion experiments. Data from 195 person-time parabolas performed by eight subjects revealed that the trunk motion counts decreased by approximately half during ascending legs (hypergravity), relative to the data acquired before the parabolic flights. In contrast, the wrist activity remained unchanged. The results from the water immersion experiments demonstrated that in the underwater condition, both the wrist and trunk activities were significantly decreased but the latter decreased to a much lower level. Together, these data suggest that gravitational alterations can result in differential influences on the motions of the wrist and the trunk. These findings might be important for understanding the degeneration of skeleton and muscular system and performance of astronauts in microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyu Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shanguang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Ma L, Ma J, Xu K. Effect of spaceflight on the circadian rhythm, lifespan and gene expression of Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121600. [PMID: 25798821 PMCID: PMC4370389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Space travelers are reported to experience circadian rhythm disruption during spaceflight. However, how the space environment affects circadian rhythm is yet to be determined. The major focus of this study was to investigate the effect of spaceflight on the Drosophila circadian clock at both the behavioral and molecular level. We used China's Shenzhou-9 spaceship to carry Drosophila. After 13 days of spaceflight, behavior tests showed that the flies maintained normal locomotor activity rhythm and sleep pattern. The expression level and rhythm of major clock genes were also unaffected. However, expression profiling showed differentially regulated output genes of the circadian clock system between space flown and control flies, suggesting that spaceflight affected the circadian output pathway. We also investigated other physiological effects of spaceflight such as lipid metabolism and lifespan, and searched genes significantly affected by spaceflight using microarray analysis. These results provide new information on the effects of spaceflight on circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism and lifespan. Furthermore, we showed that studying the effect of spaceflight on gene expression using samples collected at different Zeitgeber time could obtain different results, suggesting the importance of appropriate sampling procedures in studies on the effects of spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ma
- Laboratory of Space Microbiology, Shenzhou Space Biotechnology Group, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Laboratory of Space Microbiology, Shenzhou Space Biotechnology Group, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kanyan Xu
- Laboratory of Space Microbiology, Shenzhou Space Biotechnology Group, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Martin T, Mauvieux B, Bulla J, Quarck G, Davenne D, Denise P, Philoxène B, Besnard S. Vestibular loss disrupts daily rhythm in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:310-8. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00811.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypergravity disrupts the circadian regulation of temperature (Temp) and locomotor activity (Act) mediated through the vestibular otolithic system in mice. In contrast, we do not know whether the anatomical structures associated with vestibular input are crucial for circadian rhythm regulation at 1 G on Earth. In the present study we observed the effects of bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) on the daily rhythms of Temp and Act in semipigmented rats. Our model of vestibular lesion allowed for selective peripheral hair cell degeneration without any other damage. Rats with BVL exhibited a disruption in their daily rhythms (Temp and Act), which were replaced by a main ultradian period (τ <20 h) for 115.8 ± 68.6 h after vestibular lesion compared with rats in the control group. Daily rhythms of Temp and Act in rats with BVL recovered within 1 wk, probably counterbalanced by photic and other nonphotic time cues. No correlation was found between Temp and Act daily rhythms after vestibular lesion in rats with BVL, suggesting a direct influence of vestibular input on the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Our findings support the hypothesis that the vestibular system has an influence on daily rhythm homeostasis in semipigmented rats on Earth, and raise the question of whether daily rhythms might be altered due to vestibular pathology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Martin
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, France
| | - B. Mauvieux
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, France
| | - J. Bulla
- LMNO, Université de Caen, CNRS UMR 6139, Caen Cedex, France; and
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - G. Quarck
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, France
| | - D. Davenne
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, France
| | - P. Denise
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, France
- CHU de Caen, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Caen, France
| | - B. Philoxène
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, France
| | - S. Besnard
- UNICAEN, COMETE, Caen, France
- INSERM, U1075, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, France
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12
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Liang X, Zhang L, Shen H, Chen X, Wan Y, Li L, Liang Y, Yu X, Guo Y, Yu J, Shu W, Tan C, Lv K, Xiao Y, Chen X, Chen S, Guo J. Effects of a 45-day head-down bed rest on the diurnal rhythms of activity, sleep, and heart rate. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2014.882093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Guo JH, Qu WM, Chen SG, Chen XP, Lv K, Huang ZL, Wu YL. Keeping the right time in space: importance of circadian clock and sleep for physiology and performance of astronauts. Mil Med Res 2014; 1:23. [PMID: 26000169 PMCID: PMC4440601 DOI: 10.1186/2054-9369-1-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock and sleep are essential for human physiology and behavior; deregulation of circadian rhythms impairs health and performance. Circadian clocks and sleep evolved to adapt to Earth's environment, which is characterized by a 24-hour light-dark cycle. Changes in gravity load, lighting and work schedules during spaceflight missions can impact circadian clocks and disrupt sleep, in turn jeopardizing the mood, cognition and performance of orbiting astronauts. In this review, we summarize our understanding of both the influence of the space environment on the circadian timing system and sleep and the impact of these changes on astronaut physiology and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shan-Guang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Ke Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yi-Lan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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14
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Casey T, Zakrzewska EI, Maple RL, Lintault L, Wade CE, Baer LA, Ronca AE, Plaut K. Hypergravity disruption of homeorhetic adaptations to lactation in rat dams include changes in circadian clocks. Biol Open 2012; 1:570-81. [PMID: 23213450 PMCID: PMC3509447 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2012687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gravity load induced by spaceflight (microgravity) and centrifugation (hypergravity) is associated with changes in circadian, metabolic, and reproductive systems. Exposure to 2-g hypergravity (HG) during pregnancy and lactation decreased rate of mammary metabolic activity and increased pup mortality. We hypothesize HG disrupted maternal homeorhetic responses to pregnancy and lactation are due to changes in maternal metabolism, hormone concentrations, and maternal behavior related to gravity induced alterations in circadian clocks. Effect of HG exposure on mammary, liver and adipose tissue metabolism, plasma hormones and maternal behavior were analyzed in rat dams from mid-pregnancy (Gestational day [G]11) through early lactation (Postnatal day [P]3); comparisons were made across five time-points: G20, G21, P0 (labor and delivery), P1 and P3. Blood, mammary, liver, and adipose tissue were collected for analyzing plasma hormones, glucose oxidation to CO(2) and incorporation into lipids, or gene expression. Maternal behavioral phenotyping was conducted using time-lapse videographic analyses. Dam and fetal-pup body mass were significantly reduced in HG in all age groups. HG did not affect labor and delivery; however, HG pups experienced a greater rate of mortality. PRL, corticosterone, and insulin levels and receptor genes were altered by HG. Mammary, liver and adipose tissue metabolism and expression of genes that regulate lipid metabolism were altered by HG exposure. Exposure to HG significantly changed expression of core clock genes in mammary and liver and circadian rhythms of maternal behavior. Gravity load alterations in dam's circadian system may have impacted homeorhetic adaptations needed for a successful lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
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15
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Abe C, Shibata A, Iwata C, Morita H. Restriction of rear-up-behavior-induced attenuation of vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex in rats. Neurosci Lett 2010; 484:1-5. [PMID: 20727384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex was attenuated in rats reared in a 3G environment for 14 days. Because continuous galvanic vestibular stimulation preserved the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex in rats at 3G, this attenuation might be attributable to a reduction in the phasic input to the vestibular system. The present study shows that the head movements of rats were significantly suppressed in the 3G environment. Therefore, we hypothesized that the attenuation of the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex is induced by the reduced vestibular phasic input caused by the restriction of rear-up behavior. To examine this hypothesis, the pressor responses to linear acceleration were measured in rats reared in a low-roof cage. The linear-acceleration-induced pressor response was significantly suppressed in these rats. The suppressive effect of the low-roof cage was similar to that of 3G. There was no difference in the air-jet-induced pressor response among three groups (rats reared in a usual 1G environment, rats reared in the low-roof cage, and rats reared in the 3G environment), suggesting that the sensitivity of the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex was selectively suppressed. These results indicate that a reduction in the vestibular phasic input acts to attenuate the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Abe
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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16
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Abe C, Tanaka K, Awazu C, Morita H. Galvanic vestibular stimulation counteracts hypergravity-induced plastic alteration of vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 107:1089-94. [PMID: 19679746 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00400.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data from our laboratory demonstrated that, when rats are raised in a hypergravity environment, the sensitivity of the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex decreases. In a hypergravity environment, static input to the vestibular system is increased; however, because of decreased daily activity, phasic input to the vestibular system may decrease. This decrease may induce use-dependent plasticity of the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex. Accordingly, we hypothesized that galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) may compensate the decrease in phasic input to the vestibular system, thereby preserving the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex. To examine this hypothesis, we measured horizontal and vertical movements of rats under 1-G or 3-G environments as an index of the phasic input to the vestibular system. We then raised rats in a 3-G environment with or without GVS for 6 days and measured the pressor response to linear acceleration to examine the sensitivity of the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex. The horizontal and vertical movement of 3-G rats was significantly less than that of 1-G rats. The pressor response to forward acceleration was also significantly lower in 3-G rats (23 +/- 1 mmHg in 1-G rats vs. 12 +/- 1 mmHg in 3-G rats). The pressor response was preserved in 3-G rats with GVS (20 +/- 1 mmHg). GVS stimulated Fos expression in the medial vestibular nucleus. These results suggest that GVS stimulated vestibular primary neurons and prevent hypergravity-induced decrease in sensitivity of the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Abe
- Department of Physiology, Gifu Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Abe C, Tanaka K, Awazu C, Morita H. Impairment of vestibular-mediated cardiovascular response and motor coordination in rats born and reared under hypergravity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R173-80. [PMID: 18495837 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00120.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that environmental stimulation is important for the proper development of sensory function. The vestibular system senses gravitational acceleration and then alters cardiovascular and motor functions through reflex pathways. The development of vestibular-mediated cardiovascular and motor functions may depend on the gravitational environment present at birth and during subsequent growth. To examine this hypothesis, arterial pressure (AP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were monitored during horizontal linear acceleration and performance in a motor coordination task in rats born and reared in 1-G or 2-G environments. Linear acceleration of +/-1 G increased AP and RSNA. These responses were attenuated in rats with a vestibular lesion, suggesting that the vestibular system mediated AP and RSNA responses. These responses were also attenuated in rats born in a 2-G environment. AP and RSNA responses were partially restored in these rats when the hypergravity load was removed, and the rats were maintained in a 1-G environment for 1 wk. The AP response to compressed air, which is mediated independently of the vestibular system, did not change in the 2-G environment. Motor coordination was also impaired in the 2-G environment and remained impaired even after 1 wk of unloading. These results indicate that hypergravity impaired both the vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex and motor coordination. The vestibulo-cardiovascular reflex was only impaired temporarily and partially recovered following 1 wk of unloading. In contrast, motor coordination did not return to normal in response to unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Abe
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
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Wade CE. Responses across the Gravity Continuum: Hypergravity to Microgravity. EXPERIMENTATION WITH ANIMAL MODELS IN SPACE 2005; 10:225-45. [PMID: 16101110 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-2574(05)10009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In response to hypergravity, it appears that the larger the animal, the greater the response, if present. Therefore, the response of a rat exceeds that of a mouse in the same hypergravity environment. When investigated in the microgravity environment of space flight, this appears to hold true. The lack of definitive data obtained in space for either species makes the extrapolation of the continuum to levels below Earth-gravity problematic. However, in systems where responses are detected for both space flight and acceleration by centrifugation, a gravitational continuum is present supporting the "principle of continuity". For those and similar systems, it appears that the use of hypergravity could be used to predict responses to space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Wade
- Life Sciences Division, NASA - Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
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