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Field A, Corr L, Birdsey L, Langley C, Marshall B, Wood G, Hearris M, Martinho D, Carbry C, Naughton R, Fleming J, Mohr M, Krustrup P, Russell M, David Harper L. Caffeine Gum Improves Reaction Time but Reduces Composure Versus Placebo During the Extra-Time Period of Simulated Soccer Match-Play in Male Semiprofessional Players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:286-297. [PMID: 38917989 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether caffeine gum influenced perceptual-cognitive and physical performance during the extra-time period of simulated soccer match-play. Semiprofessional male soccer players (n = 12, age: 22 ± 3 years, stature: 1.78 ± 0.06 m, mass: 75 ± 9 kg) performed 120-min soccer-specific exercise on two occasions. In a triple-blind, randomized, crossover design, players chewed caffeinated (200 mg; caffeine) or control (0 mg; placebo) gum for 5 min following 90 min of soccer-specific exercise. Perceptual-cognitive skills (i.e., passing accuracy, reaction time, composure, and adaptability) were assessed using a soccer-specific virtual reality simulator, collected pre- and posttrial. Neuromuscular performance (reactive-strength index, vertical jump height, absolute and relative peak power output, and negative vertical displacement) and sprint performance (15 and 30 m) were measured at pretrial, half-time, 90 min, and posttrial. Caffeine gum attenuated declines in reaction time (pre: 90.8 ± 0.8 AU to post: 90.7 ± 0.8 AU) by a further 4.2% than placebo (pre: 92.1 ± 0.8 AU to post: 88.2 ± 0.8 AU; p < .01). Caffeine gum reduced composure by 4.7% (pre: 69.1 ± 0.8 AU to post: 65.9 ± 0.8 AU) versus placebo (pre: 68.8 ± 0.8 AU to post: 68.3 ± 0.8 AU; p < .01). Caffeine gum did not influence any other variables (p > .05). Where caffeine gum is consumed by players prior to extra-time, reaction time increases but composure may be compromised, and neuromuscular and sprint performance remain unchanged. Future work should assess caffeine gum mixes with substances like L-theanine that promote a relaxed state under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Field
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Corr
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Birdsey
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Langley
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Marshall
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Wood
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hearris
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Martinho
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christa Carbry
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Naughton
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- Robins High Performance Centre, Bristol City Football Club, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James Fleming
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St. Mary's University, London, England
| | - Magni Mohr
- Centre of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Russell
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Liam David Harper
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Spineli H, dos Santos M, Almeida D, Gitaí D, Silva-Cavalcante M, Balikian P, Ataide-Silva T, Marinho A, Sousa F, de Araujo G. ACE gene polymorphisms (rs4340) II and DI are more responsive to the ergogenic effect of caffeine than DD on aerobic power, heart rate, and perceived exertion in a homogeneous Brazilian group of adolescent athletes. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13217. [PMID: 38896643 PMCID: PMC11186592 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes DD, DI, and II and caffeine (CAF) ingestion on endurance performance, heart rate, ratio of perceived exertion (RPE), and habitual caffeine intake (HCI) of adolescent athletes. Seventy-four male adolescent athletes (age: DD=16±1.7; DI=16±2.0; II=15±1.7 years) ingested CAF (6 mg/kg) or placebo (PLA) one hour before performing the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test. No difference was found among groups for HCI. However, CAF increased the maximal distance covered and VO2max in DI and II genotype carriers compared to PLA (DD: Δ=31 m and 0.3 mL·kg-1·min-1; DI: Δ=286 m and 1.1 mL·kg-1·min-1; II: Δ=160 m and 1.4 mL·kg-1·min-1). Heart rate of DI and II genotype carriers increased with CAF compared to PLA, while RPE was higher in the II and lower in the DD genotypes. The correlations between HCI and maximal distance covered or VO2max were significant in the II genotype carriers with CAF. CAF increased endurance capacity, heart rate, and RPE in adolescent athletes with allele I, while endurance performance and aerobic power had a positive correlation to HCI in the II genotype group. These findings suggested that DD genotype were less responsive to CAF and that genetic variations should be taken into account when using CAF supplementation to enhance exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Spineli
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - M. dos Santos
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - D. Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - D. Gitaí
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - M. Silva-Cavalcante
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - P. Balikian
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - T. Ataide-Silva
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - A. Marinho
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - F. Sousa
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - G. de Araujo
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
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Jessen S, Zeuthen M, Sommer Jeppesen J, Kehler F, Olesen CB, Pallisgaard A, Christiansen D, Bangsbo J. Active ischemic pre-conditioning does not additively improve short-term high-intensity cycling performance when combined with caffeine ingestion in trained young men. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:693-702. [PMID: 38874987 PMCID: PMC11236065 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) with and without caffeine supplementation on mean power output (MPO) during a 4-min cycling time-trial (TT). In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover-design, 11 trained men performed a TT on 4 days separated by ∼1 week. One hour before TT, participants ingested either caffeine (3 mg kg bw-1) or placebo pills, after which femoral blood-flow was either restricted with occlusion cuffs inflated to ∼180 mmHg (IPC), or sham-restricted (0-10 mmHg; Sham) during 3 × 2-min low-intensity cycling (10% of incremental peak power output). Then, participants performed a standardized warm-up followed by the TT. Plasma lactate and K+ concentrations and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured throughout trials. TT MPO was 382 ± 17 W in Placebo + Sham and not different from Placebo + IPC (-1 W; 95% CI: -9 to 7; p = 0.848; d: 0.06), whereas MPO was higher with Caffeine + Sham (+6W; 95% CI: -2 to 14; p = 0.115; d: 0.49) and Caffeine + IPC (+8 W; 95% CI: 2-13; p = 0.019; d: 0.79) versus Placebo + Sham. MPO differences were attributed to caffeine (caffeine main-effect: +7 W; 95% CI: 2-13; p = 0.015; d: 0.54. IPC main-effect: 0 W; 95% CI: -6 to 7; p = 0.891; d: 0.03; caffeine × IPC interaction-effect: p = 0.580; d: 0.17). TT RPE and plasma variables were not different between treatments. In conlcusion, IPC with co-ingestion of placebo does not improve short-term high-intensity performance in trained men versus a double-placebo control (Placebo + Sham) and does not additively enhance performance with caffeine. These data do not support IPC as a useful strategy for athletes prior to competition but confirms caffeine's performance-enhancing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Jessen
- The August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Martin Zeuthen
- The August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jan Sommer Jeppesen
- The August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Frederik Kehler
- The August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Casper Bjerre Olesen
- The August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anders Pallisgaard
- The August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Danny Christiansen
- The August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- The August Krogh Section for Human PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Marinho AH, Silva-Cavalcante MD, Cristina-Souza G, Sousa FADB, Ataide-Silva T, Bertuzzi R, de Araujo GG, Lima-Silva AE. Caffeine, but Not Creatine, Improves Anaerobic Power Without Altering Anaerobic Capacity in Healthy Men During a Wingate Anaerobic Test. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:137-144. [PMID: 38458183 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of evidence on the additional benefits of combining caffeine (CAF) and creatine (CRE) supplementation on anaerobic power and capacity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test the effects of combined and isolated supplementation of CAF and CRE on anaerobic power and capacity. Twenty-four healthy men performed a baseline Wingate anaerobic test and were then allocated into a CRE (n = 12) or placebo (PLA; n = 12) group. The CRE group ingested 20 g/day of CRE for 8 days, while the PLA group ingested 20 g/day of maltodextrin for the same period. On the sixth and eighth days of the loading period, both groups performed a Wingate anaerobic test 1 hr after either CAF (5 mg/kg of body mass; CRE + CAF and PLA + CAF conditions) or PLA (5 mg/kg of body mass of cellulose; CRE + PLA and PLA + PLA conditions) ingestion. After the loading period, changes in body mass were greater (p < .05) in the CRE (+0.87 ± 0.23 kg) than in the PLA group (+0.13 ± 0.27 kg). In both groups, peak power was higher (p = .01) in the CAF (1,033.4 ± 209.3 W) than in the PLA trial (1,003.3 ± 204.4 W), but mean power was not different between PLA and CAF trials (p > .05). In conclusion, CAF, but not CRE ingestion, increases anaerobic power. Conversely, neither CRE nor CAF has an effect on anaerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Henrique Marinho
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos David Silva-Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Cristina-Souza
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, State University of Minas Gerais, Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Filipe Antonio de Barros Sousa
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Thays Ataide-Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Wu W, Chen Z, Zhou H, Wang L, Li X, Lv Y, Sun T, Yu L. Effects of Acute Ingestion of Caffeine Capsules on Muscle Strength and Muscle Endurance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1146. [PMID: 38674836 PMCID: PMC11054210 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of acute ingestion of caffeine capsules on muscle strength and muscle endurance. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. Data were pooled using the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval. Fourteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The acute ingestion of caffeine capsules significantly improved muscle strength (WMD, 7.09, p < 0.00001) and muscle endurance (WMD, 1.37; p < 0.00001), especially in males (muscle strength, WMD, 7.59, p < 0.00001; muscle endurance, WMD, 1.40, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses showed that ≥ 6 mg/kg body weight of caffeine (WMD, 6.35, p < 0.00001) and ingesting caffeine 45 min pre-exercise (WMD, 8.61, p < 0.00001) were more effective in improving muscle strength, with the acute ingestion of caffeine capsules having a greater effect on lower body muscle strength (WMD, 10.19, p < 0.00001). In addition, the acute ingestion of caffeine capsules had a greater effect in moderate-intensity muscle endurance tests (WMD, 1.76, p < 0.00001). An acute ingestion of caffeine capsules significantly improved muscle strength and muscle endurance in the upper body and lower body of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.C.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhizhou Chen
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.C.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Huixuan Zhou
- School of Sport Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Leiyuyang Wang
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.C.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.C.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Tingting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Laikang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.C.); (L.W.); (X.L.)
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McKenna MJ, Renaud JM, Ørtenblad N, Overgaard K. A century of exercise physiology: effects of muscle contraction and exercise on skeletal muscle Na +,K +-ATPase, Na + and K + ions, and on plasma K + concentration-historical developments. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:681-751. [PMID: 38206444 PMCID: PMC10879387 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This historical review traces key discoveries regarding K+ and Na+ ions in skeletal muscle at rest and with exercise, including contents and concentrations, Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) and exercise effects on plasma [K+] in humans. Following initial measures in 1896 of muscle contents in various species, including humans, electrical stimulation of animal muscle showed K+ loss and gains in Na+, Cl- and H20, then subsequently bidirectional muscle K+ and Na+ fluxes. After NKA discovery in 1957, methods were developed to quantify muscle NKA activity via rates of ATP hydrolysis, Na+/K+ radioisotope fluxes, [3H]-ouabain binding and phosphatase activity. Since then, it became clear that NKA plays a central role in Na+/K+ homeostasis and that NKA content and activity are regulated by muscle contractions and numerous hormones. During intense exercise in humans, muscle intracellular [K+] falls by 21 mM (range - 13 to - 39 mM), interstitial [K+] increases to 12-13 mM, and plasma [K+] rises to 6-8 mM, whilst post-exercise plasma [K+] falls rapidly, reflecting increased muscle NKA activity. Contractions were shown to increase NKA activity in proportion to activation frequency in animal intact muscle preparations. In human muscle, [3H]-ouabain-binding content fully quantifies NKA content, whilst the method mainly detects α2 isoforms in rats. Acute or chronic exercise affects human muscle K+, NKA content, activity, isoforms and phospholemman (FXYD1). Numerous hormones, pharmacological and dietary interventions, altered acid-base or redox states, exercise training and physical inactivity modulate plasma [K+] during exercise. Finally, historical research approaches largely excluded female participants and typically used very small sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McKenna
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- College of Sport Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Schamne JC, Marinho AH, Cristina-Souza G, Santos PS, Santos-Mariano AC, Rodacki A, Coelho DB, DE-Oliveira FR, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE. Effects of exhaustive whole-body exercise and caffeine ingestion on muscle contractile properties in healthy men. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:111-120. [PMID: 37902802 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of exhaustive whole-body exercise and caffeine ingestion on electromechanical delay (EMD) has been underexplored. This study investigated the effect of exhaustive cycling exercise on EMD and other parameters of muscle contractile properties and the potential ability of caffeine to attenuate the exercise-induced impairments in EMD and muscle contractile properties. METHODS Ten healthy men cycled until exhaustion (88±2% of V̇O2max) on two separate days after ingesting caffeine (5 mg.kg-1 of body mass) or cellulose (placebo). Parameters of muscle contractile properties of the quadriceps muscles were assessed via volitional and electrically evoked isometric contractions, performed before and 50 minutes after ingestion of the capsules, and after exercise. Muscle recruitment during volitional contractions was determined via surface electromyography. RESULTS Exhaustive cycling exercise did not affect volitional and relaxation EMD (P>0.05) but increased evoked EMD. In addition, the exhaustive cycling exercise also increased muscle recruitment at the beginning of volitional isometric muscle contraction (P<0.05). The peak twitch force, maximal rate of twitch force development, and twitch contraction time were all compromised after exhaustive cycling exercise (P<0.05). Acute caffeine ingestion had no effect on muscle contractile properties (P>0.05), except that caffeine increased twitch contraction time at postexercise (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exercise-induced decline in peripheral components of the EMD might be compensated by an increase in the muscle recruitment. In addition, acute caffeine ingestion had minimal influence on exercise-induced changes in muscle contractile proprieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Schamne
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil -
| | - Alisson H Marinho
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Cristina-Souza
- Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos, Brazil
| | - Pâmela S Santos
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos, Brazil
| | - Ana C Santos-Mariano
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - André Rodacki
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Coelho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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8
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Marinho AH, da Silva JM, Brandão VFDN, Jatobá SG, Júnior PB, Ataide-Silva T, Sousa FADB, Bastos-Silva VJ, de Araujo GG. Caffeine Mouth Rinse Plus Ingestion Improves the 10-Km Time Trial Compared to Caffeine Mouth Rinse Alone. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38271741 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2293121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background: The benefits of caffeine to physical performance have been extensively demonstrated, however, it has recently been speculated that there is an effect of the administration route on its effectiveness. Purpose: The current study investigated the effect of caffeine mouth rinse in isolation or combined with ingestion on performance in a 30-minute constant-load exercise followed by a 10-km cycling time trial. Methods: Ten physically active men performed a 30-minute constant-load exercise at 50% of the graded test Wmax, followed by a 10-km cycling time trial. Before and at the middle points of the constant-load exercise and 10-km cycling time trial, the following conditions were administered: PLA (cellulose ingestion plus mouth rinsing with magnesium sulfate), ING (5 mg.kg-1 of caffeine ingestion plus mouth rinsing with magnesium sulfate), MR (cellulose ingestion plus mouth rinsing with 1.2% caffeine), and COMB (5 mg.kg-1 of caffeine ingestion plus mouth rinsing with 1.2% caffeine). Results: During the 30-minute constant-load exercise, COMB presented a lower rating of perceived exertion (RPE) than MR (p = .04). For the 10-km time trial, the COMB was faster than MR (MR = 1363 ± 345 vs. COMB = 1291 ± 308s, Δ% = 5.57, p = .05). Mean power output was higher in COMB than PLA, ING, and MR (234 ± 15 vs. 169 ± 29, 148 ± 11, and 145 ± 12 W, respectively). There were no differences between conditions for heart rate and RPE during the 10-km time trial. Conclusion: In summary, caffeine mouth rinsing potentiated the effects of caffeine ingestion during the 10-km time trial compared to caffeine mouth rinsing alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Henrique Marinho
- Federal University of Alagoas
- Federal University of Parana
- Federal University of Technology Parana
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Taheri Karami G, Hemmatinafar M, Koushkie Jahromi M, Nemati J, Niknam A. Repeated mouth rinsing of coffee improves the specific-endurance performance and jump performance of young male futsal players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2214108. [PMID: 37190757 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2214108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouth-rinsing with ergogenic solutions such as carbohydrate and caffeinated drinks has been considered among athletes as a practical nutritional strategy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of repeated coffee mouth-rinsing (CMR) doses on specific performances of futsal players. METHOD Twenty-four male futsal players randomly participated in this randomized, double-blind, and crossover design study. During the intervention, participants were randomly placed in four different conditions including 1. low-dose CMR (LDC, n = 6, ~60 mg caffeine); 2. high-dose CMR (HDC, n = 6, ~125 mg caffeine); 3. decaffeinated CMR (PLA, n = 6, ~10 mg caffeine); and 4. no CMR (CON, n = 6). Vertical jump height was measured at baseline, baseline after CMR (baseline-CMR), immediately after the intermittent futsal endurance test (FIET) (IA-FIET), 5 min after the FIET (5"A-FIET) and 10 min after the FIET (10"A-FIET). Perceived fatigue was also measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline, IA-FIET, 5"A-FIET, and 10"A-FIET. CMR was also performed at baseline, during FIET (Repeated between levels), and 10'A-FIET. The collected data were analyzed (with SPSS software) by one- and two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at P < 0.05 level. RESULTS The findings of the present study illustrated that the perceived fatigue in IA-FIET increased significantly compared to the baseline which was accompanied by a significant decrease in 5"A-FIET and 10"A-FIET compared to IA-FIET (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between conditions in the baseline, IA-FIET, 5"A-FIET, and 10"A-FIET (P > 0.05). However, HDC and LDC rose significantly the distance covered in FIET compared to CON and PLA (P < 0.05). In addition, HDC increased the FIET performance more than LDC (P < 0.05). Although there was no difference between any of the conditions at baseline (P > 0.05), baseline-CMR increased significantly the vertical jump height (P < 0.05). At IA-FIET, vertical jump height decreased to baseline levels in CMR conditions but increased in 5"A-FIET, which remained constant until 10"A-FIET (P < 0.05). In addition, vertical jump height in HDC and LDC conditions was significantly higher than CON in IA-FIET, 5"A-FIET, and 10"A-FIET. CONCLUSION This study showed that repeated CMR with low and high doses is a useful strategy to improve specific futsal performance. However, higher dose CMR appears to have more profound effects on performance improvement than lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Taheri Karami
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hemmatinafar
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Niknam
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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10
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Dos Santos MPP, Spineli H, Dos Santos BP, Lima-Silva AE, Gitaí DLG, Bishop DJ, de Araujo GG. The effect of caffeine on exercise performance is not influenced by ADORA2A genotypes, alone or pooled with CYP1A2 genotypes, in adolescent athletes. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1041-1050. [PMID: 36385314 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the influence of the different genotypes of ADORA2A (1976 C > T, rs 5751876), alone or pooled with CYP1A2 (163 C > A rs 762551) genotypes, on the ergogenic effects of caffeine (CAF) on various aspects of physical performance in male adolescent athletes. METHODS Ninety male adolescent athletes (age = 15.5 ± 2 years) were classified according to their genotypes for 1976 C > T ADORA2A (TT homozygous or CADORA2A allele carriers) and 163 C > A CYP1A2 (AA homozygous or CCYP1A2 allele carriers). Participants were further divided in four groups (1-TTADORA2A + AACYP1A2; 2-TTADORA2A + AC/CCCYP1A2; 3-AACYP1A2 + CT/CCADORA2A;4-AC/CCCYP1A2 + CT/CCADORA2A). Using a randomized, crossover, counterbalanced, and double-blind design, participants ingested CAF (6 mg kg-1) or a placebo (PLA, 300 mg of cellulose) one hour before performing a sequence of physical tests: handgrip strength, agility test, countermovement jump (CMJ), Spike Jump (SJ), sit-ups, push-ups, and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). RESULTS CAF enhanced handgrip strength (CAF: 35.0 ± 9.2 kg force; PLA: 33.5 ± 8.9 kg force; p = 0.050), CMJ height (CAF: 49.6 ± 12.3 cm; PLA: 48.3 ± 13.6 cm; p = 0.013), SJ height (CAF: 54.7 ± 13.3 cm; PLA: 53.1 ± 14.8 cm; p = 0.013), number of sit-ups (CAF: 37 ± 8; PLA: 35 ± 8; p = 0.001), and distance covered on the Yoyo IR1 test (CAF: 991.6 ± 371.0 m; PLA: 896.0 ± 311.0 m; p = 0.001), This CAF-induced improvement on exercise performance was, however, independent of genotypes groups (all p > 0.05). CAF had no effect on agility (CAF: 15.8 ± 1.2 s; PLA: 15.9 ± 1.3 s; p = 0.070) and push-up (CAF: 26.6 ± 12.0; PLA: 25.0 ± 11.0; p = 0.280) tests. CONCLUSION The acute caffeine intake of 6.0 mg.kg-1 improves several aspects of physical performance, which seems to be independent of ADORA2A genotypes, alone or in combination with CYP1A2 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryssa P Pinto Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition-PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences-PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Laboratory of Applied Sports Science (LACAE), Research Group Applied to Sport Science-GPCAE, Institute of Physical Education and Sport-IEFE, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Higor Spineli
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition-PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences-PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Laboratory of Applied Sports Science (LACAE), Research Group Applied to Sport Science-GPCAE, Institute of Physical Education and Sport-IEFE, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Estácio-FAL, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Bruna P Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences-PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory-LBCM, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel L G Gitaí
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences-PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory-LBCM, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living. School of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VU, Australia
| | - Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition-PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Avenue Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Maceió, AL, CEP: 57072-900, Brazil.
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11
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Caffeine on Muscle under Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030554. [PMID: 36978802 PMCID: PMC10045054 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that caffeine administration reduces pro-inflammatory biomarkers, delaying fatigue and improving endurance performance. This study examined the effects of caffeine administration on the expression of inflammatory-, adenosine receptor- (the targets of caffeine), epigenetic-, and oxidative metabolism-linked genes in the vastus lateralis muscle of mice submitted to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. We showed that caffeine pre-treatment before LPS administration reduced the expression of Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa, and increased Il10 and Il13. The negative modulation of the inflammatory response induced by caffeine involved the reduction of inflammasome components, Asc and Casp1, promoting an anti-inflammatory scenario. Caffeine treatment per se promoted the upregulation of adenosinergic receptors, Adora1 and Adora2A, an effect that was counterbalanced by LPS. Moreover, there was observed a marked Adora2A promoter hypermethylation, which could represent a compensatory response towards the increased Adora2A expression. Though caffeine administration did not alter DNA methylation patterns, the expression of DNA demethylating enzymes, Tet1 and Tet2, was increased in mice receiving Caffeine+LPS, when compared with the basal condition. Finally, caffeine administration attenuated the LPS-induced catabolic state, by rescuing basal levels of Ampk expression. Altogether, the anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine in the muscle can be mediated by modifications on the epigenetic landscape.
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12
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Ozan M, Buzdagli Y, Eyipinar CD, Baygutalp NK, Yüce N, Oget F, Kan E, Baygutalp F. Does Single or Combined Caffeine and Taurine Supplementation Improve Athletic and Cognitive Performance without Affecting Fatigue Level in Elite Boxers? A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204399. [PMID: 36297081 PMCID: PMC9610400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, the effect of single or combined intake of caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TAU) on exercise performance was investigated. However, the potential synergistic effect on physical and cognitive performance after fatigue induced by anaerobic exercise is unknown. The effects of single and combination CAF and TAU supplementation on the Wingate test in elite male boxers and to evaluate balance, agility and cognitive performance after fatigue are being investigated for the first time in this study. Twenty elite male boxers 22.14 ± 1.42 years old were divided into four groups in this double-blind, randomized crossover study: CAF (6 mg/kg of caffeine), TAU (3 g single dose of taurine), CAF*TAU (co-ingestion of 3 g single dose of taurine and 6 mg/kg of caffeine) and PLA (300 mg maltodextrin). The findings are as follows: co-ingestion of CAF*TAU, improved peak (W/kg), average (W), minimum (W) power, time to reach (s), and RPE performances compared to the PLA group significantly (p < 0.05). Similarly, it was determined that a single dose of TAU, created a significant difference (p < 0.05) in peak power (W/kg), and average and minimum power (W) values compared to the CAF group. According to the balance and agility tests performed after the Wingate test, co-ingestion of CAF*TAU revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the PLA group. In terms of cognitive performance, co-ingestion of CAF*TAU significantly improved the neutral reaction time (ms) compared to the TAU, CAF and PLA groups. As a result, elite male boxers performed better in terms of agility, balance and cognitive function when they consumed a combination of 6 mg/kg CAF and 3 g TAU. It has been determined that the combined use of these supplements is more effective than their single use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ozan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, Atatürk University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Buzdagli
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Cemre Didem Eyipinar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Kılıç Baygutalp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Yüce
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Furkan Oget
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Kan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education, Atatürk University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Baygutalp
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25500 Erzurum, Turkey
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13
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Karayigit R, Forbes SC, Osmanov Z, Yilmaz C, Yasli BC, Naderi A, Buyukcelebi H, Benesova D, Gabrys T, Esen O. Low and Moderate Doses of Caffeinated Coffee Improve Repeated Sprint Performance in Female Team Sport Athletes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101498. [PMID: 36290401 PMCID: PMC9598515 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of low and moderate doses of caffeine ingestion via caffeinated coffee on repeated sprint test (RST) and plasma catecholamine concentration in trained female team-sport athletes. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 13 female team-sport athletes (VO2max: 48.7 ± 4 mL·kg·min−1) completed three RST trials, separated by 4-day, 60 min post-ingestion of either 3 mg·kg−1 (LCOF) or 6 mg·kg−1 (MCOF) or placebo (PLA). The RST consisted of 12 × 4 s sprints on a cycle ergometer interspersed with 20 s of active recovery. Blood lactate (BLa) and glucose (GLU) and epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were collected before and 60 min after coffee ingestion, and after RST. Heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at the beginning of RST, and after the 6th and 12th sprints. Average peak power score during RST was significantly improved after LCOF (p = 0.016) and MCOF (p = 0.041) compared to PLA, but peak and mean power output of the individual sprints, and fatigue index were not different between trials (all p > 0.05). Epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were significantly higher before and after RST in LCOF and MCOF compared to PLA (all p < 0.05). BLa was also higher after RST in both LCOF and MCOF compared to PLA (p = 0.005). HR, RPE, and GLU were not different between conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, low and moderate dose of caffeine ingestion can enhance the average peak power score during repeated sprints. These findings partly support low and moderate doses of caffeine supplementation via coffee as a nutritional ergogenic aid for trained female team-sport players during repeated sprint exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raci Karayigit
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-312-600-0100
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
| | - Zakir Osmanov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Canan Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Burak Caglar Yasli
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Iğdır University, Iğdır 76000, Turkey
| | - Alireza Naderi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd 6915136111, Iran
| | - Hakan Buyukcelebi
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
| | - Daniela Benesova
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Gabrys
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ozcan Esen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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14
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Cristina-Souza G, Santos PS, Santos-Mariano AC, Coelho DB, Rodacki A, DE-Oliveira FR, Bishop DJ, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE. Caffeine Increases Endurance Performance via Changes in Neural and Muscular Determinants of Performance Fatigability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1591-1603. [PMID: 35969166 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that caffeine would increase endurance performance via attenuation of neural and muscular determinants of performance fatigability during high-intensity, whole-body exercise. METHODS Ten healthy males cycled until exhaustion (89% ± 2% of V̇O2max) after the ingestion of caffeine or placebo. During another four visits, the same exercise was performed after either caffeine or placebo ingestion but with exercise discontinued after completing either 50% or 75% of the duration of placebo trial. An additional trial with caffeine ingestion was also performed with interruption at the placebo time to exhaustion (isotime). Performance fatigability was measured via changes in maximal voluntary contraction, whereas neural and muscular determinants of performance fatigability were quantified via preexercise to postexercise decrease in quadriceps voluntary activation (VA) and potentiated twitch force, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the placebo, caffeine increased time to exhaustion (+14.4 ± 1.6%, P = 0.017, 314.4 ± 47.9 vs 354.9 ± 40.8 s). Caffeine did not change the rate of decline in maximal voluntary contraction (P = 0.209), but caffeine reduced the twitch force decline at isotime when stimulating at single twitch (-58.6 ± 22.4 vs -45.7 ± 21.9%, P = 0.014) and paired 10 Hz electrical stimuli (-37.3 ± 13.2 vs -28.2 ± 12.9%, P = 0.025), and reduced the amplitude of electromyography signal during cycling at isotime (P = 0.034). The decline in VA throughout the trial was lower (P = 0.004) with caffeine (-0.5 ± 4.2%) than with placebo (-5.8 ± 8.5%). Caffeine also maintained peripheral oxygen saturation at higher levels (95.0 ± 1.9%) than placebo (92.0 ± 6.2%, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Caffeine ingestion improves performance during high-intensity, whole-body exercise via attenuation of exercise-induced reduction in VA and contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andre Rodacki
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, BRAZIL
| | | | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
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15
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Marinho AH, Lopes-Silva JP, Cristina-Souza G, Sousa FADB, Ataide-Silva T, Lima-Silva AE, Araujo GGD, Silva-Cavalcante MD. Effects of caffeine ingestion on cardiopulmonary responses during a maximal graded exercise test: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:127-139. [PMID: 35894639 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
While the effects of caffeine ingestion on endurance performance are well known, its effects on cardiopulmonary responses during a maximal graded exercise test have been less explored. This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies investigating the effects of caffeine ingestion on cardiopulmonary responses during a maximal graded exercise test. A search was performed in four databases, and study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Data reported by the selected studies were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, with selected moderator effects assessed via meta-regression. Twenty-one studies with good and excellent methodological quality were included in this review. Compared to placebo, caffeine increased peak minute ventilation (SMD = 0.33; p = 0.01) and time to exhaustion (SMD = 0.41; p = 0.01). However, meta-regression showed no moderating effects of dosage and timing of caffeine ingestion, stage length, or total length of GXT (all p > 0.05). Caffeine ingestion did not affect peak oxygen uptake (SMD = 0.13; p = 0.42), peak heart rate (SMD = 0.27; p = 0.07), peak blood lactate concentration (SMD = 0.60; p = 0.09), peak tidal volume (SMD = 0.10; p = 0.69), peak breathing frequency (SMD =0.20; p = 0.23), or peak power output (SMD = 0.22; p = 0.28). The results of this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that caffeine increases time to exhaustion and peak minute ventilation among the cardiopulmonary variables assessed during GXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Henrique Marinho
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Lopes-Silva
- Applied Research Group to Performance and Health, CESMAC University Center, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Cristina-Souza
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Filipe Antônio de Barros Sousa
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thays Ataide-Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcos David Silva-Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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16
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Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Physiological Responses, Perceived Exertion, and Technical-Tactical Skills in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142996. [PMID: 35889953 PMCID: PMC9315598 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the effects of caffeine supplementation on combat sports performance have been extensively investigated, there is currently no consensus regarding its ergogenic benefits.This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to summarize the studies investigating the effects of caffeine supplementation on different aspects of performance in combat sports and to quantitatively analyze the results of these studies to better understand the ergogenic effect of caffeine on combat sports outcomes. A systematic search for randomized placebo-controlled studies investigating the effects of caffeine supplementation on combat sports’ performance was performed through Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to 18 April 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (Hedge’s g) were performed to analyze the data. Twenty-six studies of good and excellent methodological quality (based on the Pedro scale) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results revealed caffeine has a small but evident effect size (ES) on handgrip strength (ES = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.52; p = 0.02), and total number of throws during the special judo fitness test (SJFT) (ES = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.78; p = 0.02). Regarding the physiological responses, caffeine increased blood lactate concentration ([La]) in anaerobic exercise (ES = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.29 to 2.18; p = 0.01) and simulated combat (ES = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.47; p = 0.002). For Heart Rate (HR), caffeine increased HR final (ES = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.52; p = 0.003), and HR 1min (ES = 0.20; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.40; p = 0.045). However, caffeine had no impact on the countermovement jump height, the SJFT index, the judogi strength-endurance test, the number and duration of offensive actions, HR at the end of the fight, and the rating of perceived exertion. Caffeine supplementation may be ergogenic for a range of combat sports aspects involving isometric strength, anaerobic power, reaction time, and anaerobic metabolism. However, supplementation effects might be ineffective under certain circumstances, indicating supplementation needs to take into account the performance metric in question prior to creating a dosing protocol.
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17
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Cairns SP, Leader JP, Higgins A, Renaud JM. The peak force - resting membrane potential relationships of mouse fast- and slow-twitch muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1151-C1165. [PMID: 35385328 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00401.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We endeavored to understand the factors determining the peak force‑resting membrane potential (EM) relationships of isolated slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from mice (25oC), especially in relation to fatigue. Inter-relationships between intracellular K+‑activity (aK+i), extracellular K+‑concentration ([K+]o), resting EM, action potentials and force were studied. The large resting EM variation was mainly due to the variability of aK+i. Action potential overshoot‑resting EM relationships determined at 4 and 8-10mM[K+]o following short (<5min) and prolonged (>50min) depolarization periods revealed a constant overshoot from ‑90 to ‑70mV providing a safety margin. Overshoot decline with depolarization beyond ‑70mV was less following short than prolonged depolarization. Inexcitable fibers occurred only with prolonged depolarization. The overshoot decline during action potential trains (2‑s) exceeded that during short depolarizations. Concomitant lower extracellular [Na+] and raised [K+]o depressed the overshoot in an additive manner and peak force in a synergistic manner. Raised [K+]o-induced force loss was exacerbated with transverse wire versus parallel plate stimulation in soleus, implicating action potential propagation failure in the surface membrane. Increasing stimulus pulse parameters restored tetanic force at 9‑10mM[K+]o in soleus, but not EDL, indicative of action potential failure within trains. The peak tetanic force‑resting EM relationships (determined using resting EM from deeper rather than surface fibers) were dynamic and show pronounced force depression over ‑69 to ‑60mV in both muscle-types, implicating that such depolarization contributes to fatigue. The K+-Na+-interaction shifted this relationship towards less depolarized potentials suggesting that the combined ionic effect is physiologically important during fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon P Cairns
- SPRINZ, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John P Leader
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Higgins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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18
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Sun R, Sun J, Li J, Li S. Effects of caffeine ingestion on physiological indexes of human neuromuscular fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2529. [PMID: 35318818 PMCID: PMC9014999 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is often used as a stimulant during fatigue, but the standard of characteristic physiological indicators of the effect of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue has not been unified. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize current experimental findings on the effects of caffeine on physiological indexes before and after neuromuscular fatigue, identify some characteristic neuromuscular physiological indexes to assess the potential effects of caffeine. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses are followed. We systematically searched PubMed, Google academic, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials. We searched for studies on caffeine's (i) effects on neuromuscular fatigue and (ii) the influence of physiological indexes changes. Meta-analysis was performed for standardized mean differences (SMD) between caffeine and placebo trials in individual studies. RESULTS The meta-analysis indicated that caffeine significantly improves voluntary activation (VA) (SMD = 1.46;95%CI:0.13, 2.79; p < .00001), PTw (SMD = 1.11, 95%CI: -1.61, 3.84; p < .00001), and M-wave (SMD = 1.10, 95%CI: -0.21, 2.41; p < .00001), and a significant difference (p = .003) on measures of Peak Power (PP), and insignificant difference on measures of heart rate (HR) (I2 = 0.0, p = .84) and Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 ) (I2 = 0.0, p = .76). CONCLUSION The analysis showed that caffeine intake had a relatively large effect on VA, potentiated twitch (PTw), M-wave, which can be used as characteristic indexes of caffeine's impact on neuromuscular fatigue. This conclusion tends to indicate the effects of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue during endurance running or jumping or muscle bending and stretching. The caffeine intake had a big effect on the electromyogram (EMG) and peak power (PP), and its effect role needs to be further verified, this conclusion tends to indicate the effect of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue during jumping or elbow bending moment movements. HR, VO2 , maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) cannot be used as the characteristic indexes of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue. This conclusion tends to indicate the effect of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue during endurance exercise. However, the results of meta-analysis are based on limited evidence and research scale, as well as individual differences of participants and different physical tasks, so it is necessary to interpret the results of meta-analysis cautiously. Therefore, future research needs to explore other physiological indicators and their indicative effects in order to determine effective and accurate characteristic indicators of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishan Sun
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Junya Sun
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingqiang Li
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
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19
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Arguedas-Soley A, Townsend I, Hengist A, Betts J. Acute caffeine supplementation and live match-play performance in team-sports: A systematic review (2000-2021). J Sports Sci 2022; 40:717-732. [PMID: 35297302 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2003559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a psycho-active stimulant that can improve physical and cognitive performance. We systematically reviewed the evidence on the effects of acute caffeine ingestion on physiological parameters, physical and technical-skill performance during high-performance team-sport match-play. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies were identified using scientific databases (PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) in February 2021. Of 281 results, 13 studies met inclusion, totalling 213 participants. Included studies adopted the randomised double-blinded cross-over design, involving caffeine and control conditions. In studies reporting physiological variables, responses to caffeine included higher peak (n=6/ 8 [n/ total studies measuring the variable]) and mean (n=7/ 9) heart rates, increased blood glucose (n=2/ 2) and lactate (n=2/ 2) concentrations. Improvements in physical performance were widely documented with caffeine, including greater distance coverage (n=7/ 7), high-speed distance coverage (n=5/ 7) and impact frequencies (n=6/ 8). From three studies that assessed technical-skills, it appears caffeine may benefit gross-skill performance, but have no effect, or negatively confound finer technical-skill outcomes. There is compelling evidence that ingesting moderate caffeine doses (~3 to 6 mg·kg-1) ~60 minutes before exercise may improve physical performance in team-sports, whereas evidence is presently too scarce to draw confident conclusions regarding sport-specific skill performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Betts
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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20
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Marinho AH, Gonçalves JS, Araújo PK, Lima-Silva AE, Ataide-Silva T, de Araujo GG. Effects of creatine and caffeine ingestion in combination on exercise performance: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-14. [PMID: 34845944 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2007470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Creatine (CRE) and caffeine (CAF) have been used as ergogenic aids to improve exercise performance. The present study reviewed the current evidence supporting the additional use of CAF intake during or after the CRE loading on exercise performance. The search was carried out in eight databases, with the methodological quality of the studies assessed via the QualSyst tool. From ten studies that met the criteria for inclusion, six had strong, three moderate, and one weak methodological quality. CAF was ingested ∼1 h before the performance trial (5-7 mg.kg-1) after a CRE loading period (5-6 days with 0.3 g.kg-1.d-1) in five studies, with the combination CAF + CRE providing additional ergogenic effect compared to CRE alone in three of these studies. Furthermore, CAF was ingested daily during the CRE loading protocol in five studies, with CAF showing additive benefits compared to CRE alone only in one study (3 g.d-1 of CRE during 3 days + 6 mg.kg-1 of CAF for 3 days). The combination CAF + CRE seems to provide additional benefits to exercise performance when CAF is acutely ingested after a CRE loading. There is, however, no apparent benefit in ingesting CAF during a CRE loading period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson H Marinho
- Post Graduate Nutrition Program, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Palloma K Araújo
- Post Graduate Nutrition Program, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thays Ataide-Silva
- Post Graduate Nutrition Program, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Gustavo G de Araujo
- Post Graduate Nutrition Program, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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21
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Karayigit R, Naderi A, Saunders B, Forbes SC, Coso JD, Berjisian E, Yildirim UC, Suzuki K. Combined but Not Isolated Ingestion of Caffeine and Taurine Improves Wingate Sprint Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes Habituated to Caffeine. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9120162. [PMID: 34941800 PMCID: PMC8705953 DOI: 10.3390/sports9120162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TAU) in isolation and combined during exercise in males. However, the potential synergistic effect during high-intensity exercise remains unknown in female athletes. Seventeen female team-sport athletes participated (age: 23.4 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.68 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 59.5 ± 2.2 kg). All participants were habitual caffeine consumers (340.1 ± 28.6 mg/day). A double-blind randomized crossover design was used. Participants completed four experimental trials: (i) CAF and TAU (6 mg/kg body mass of CAF + 1 g of TAU), (ii) CAF alone; (iii) TAU alone; and (iv) placebo (PLA). Supplements were ingested 60 min before a 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Heart rate and blood lactate (BL) were measured before and immediately after the WAnT; and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded immediately after the WAnT. Peak power (PP) was significantly higher following co-ingestion of CAF+TAU compared to PLA (p = 0.03) and TAU (p = 0.03). Mean power (MP) was significantly higher following co-ingestion of CAF+TAU compared to PLA (p = 0.01). No other differences were found between conditions for PP and MP (p > 0.05). There were also no observed differences in fatigue index (FI), BL; heart rate; and RPE between conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, compared to PLA the combined ingestion of 6 mg/kg of CAF and 1 g of TAU improved both PP and MP in female athletes habituated to caffeine; however; CAF and TAU independently failed to augment WAnT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raci Karayigit
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı 06830, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Alireza Naderi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd 6915136111, Iran;
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A6A9, Canada;
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28043 Fuenlabrada, Spain;
| | - Erfan Berjisian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran;
| | - Ulas Can Yildirim
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı 06830, Turkey;
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, Turkey
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Totorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (K.S.)
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22
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Stadheim HK, Stensrud T, Brage S, Jensen J. Caffeine Increases Exercise Performance, Maximal Oxygen Uptake, and Oxygen Deficit in Elite Male Endurance Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2264-2273. [PMID: 34033621 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of the present study were to test the hypothesis that caffeine increases maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) and to characterize the physiological mechanisms underpinning improved high-intensity endurance capacity. METHODS Twenty-three elite endurance-trained male athletes were tested twice with and twice without caffeine (four tests) in a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study with crossover design. Caffeine (4.5 mg·kg-1) or placebo was consumed 45 min before standardized warm-up. Time to exhaustion during an incremental test (running 10.5° incline, start speed 10.0 km·h-1, and 0.5 km·h-1 increase in speed every 30 s) determined performance. Oxygen uptake was measured continuously to determine V˙O2max and O2 deficit was calculated. RESULTS Caffeine increased time to exhaustion from 355 ± 41 to 375 ± 41 s (Δ19.4 ± 16.5 s; P < 0.001). Importantly, caffeine increased V˙O2max from 75.8 ± 5.6 to 76.7 ± 6.0 mL·kg-1·min-1 (Δ 0.9 ± 1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1; P < 0.003). Caffeine increased maximal heart rate (HRpeak) and ventilation (VEpeak). Caffeine increased O2 deficit from 63.1 ± 18.2 to 69.5 ± 17.5 mL·kg-1 (P < 0.02) and blood lactate compared with placebo. The increase in time to exhaustion after caffeine ingestion was reduced to 11.7 s after adjustment for the increase in V˙O2max. Caffeine did not significantly increase V˙O2max after adjustment for VEpeak and HRpeak. Adjustment for O2 deficit and lactate explained 6.2 s of the caffeine-induced increase in time to exhaustion. The increase in V˙O2max, VE, HR, O2 deficit, and lactate explained 63% of the increased performance after caffeine intake. CONCLUSION Caffeine increased V˙O2max in elite athletes, which contributed to improvement in high-intensity endurance performance. Increases in O2 deficit and lactate also contributed to the caffeine-induced improvement in endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Kristian Stadheim
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, NORWAY
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, NORWAY
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Sciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, England, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, NORWAY
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23
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Schamne JC, Ressetti JC, Bertuzzi R, Okuno NM, Lima-Silva AE. Acute Caffeine Intake Reduces Perceived Exertion But Not Muscle Pain during Moderate Intensity Cycling Exercise in Women with Fibromyalgia. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:720-727. [PMID: 34383607 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1958102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exacerbated perceived exertion and muscle pain responses during exercise might limit physical activity practice in fibromyalgia patients. Thus, nutritional strategies that can reduce perceived exertion and muscle pain during exercise in fibromyalgia patients would be useful. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute caffeine intake on the perceptions of exertion and muscle pain during a moderate intensity exercise in women with fibromyalgia.Method: Using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled and crossover experimental design, eleven sedentary women diagnosed with fibromyalgia (age: 44.6 ± 10.5 years; body mass index: 28.5 ± 4.5 kg.m-2) ingested a capsule containing either caffeine (5 mg per kg of body mass) or cellulose (placebo), 60 minutes before performing a 30-minute constant-load cycling exercise, with work rate fixed at 50% of their individual peak workload attained in an incremental exercise test. Ratings of perceived leg muscle pain and perceived exertion were assessed every 5 minutes of exercise.Results: The perceived leg muscle pain was similar (F(1,10) = 1.18, p = 0.30, ŋ2 = 0.11) between caffeine (2.1 ± 1.2 arbitrary units) and placebo conditions (2.2 ± 0.9 arbitrary units). The perceived exertion, however, was on average 8 ± 6% lower (F(1,10) = 12.13; p = 0.006; ŋ2 = 0.55) during exercise in the caffeine condition (12.4 ± 1.3 arbitrary units) than in the placebo condition (13.1 ± 1.1 arbitrary units).Conclusions: These findings indicate that acute caffeine intake could be an attractive strategy to attenuate the exacerbated perceived exertion of fibromyalgia patients during moderate intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cezar Schamne
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Ressetti
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilo Massaru Okuno
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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24
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Lima-Silva AE, Cristina-Souza G, Silva-Cavalcante MD, Bertuzzi R, Bishop DJ. Caffeine during High-Intensity Whole-Body Exercise: An Integrative Approach beyond the Central Nervous System. Nutrients 2021; 13:2503. [PMID: 34444663 PMCID: PMC8400708 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the most consumed ergogenic aids around the world. Many studies support the ergogenic effect of caffeine over a large spectrum of exercise types. While the stimulatory effect of caffeine on the central nervous system is the well-accepted mechanism explaining improvements in exercise performance during high-intensity whole-body exercise, in which other physiological systems such as pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems are maximally activated, a direct effect of caffeine on such systems cannot be ignored. A better understanding of the effects of caffeine on multiple physiological systems during high-intensity whole-body exercise might help to expand its use in different sporting contexts (e.g., competitions in different environments, such as altitude) or even assist the treatment of some diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). In the present narrative review, we explore the potential effects of caffeine on the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems, and describe how such alterations may interact and thus contribute to the ergogenic effects of caffeine during high-intensity whole-body exercise. This integrative approach provides insights regarding how caffeine influences endurance performance and may drive further studies exploring its mechanisms of action in a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano E. Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba 81310900, PR, Brazil; (A.E.L.-S.); (G.C.-S.)
| | - Gislaine Cristina-Souza
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba 81310900, PR, Brazil; (A.E.L.-S.); (G.C.-S.)
- Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos 37902092, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos D. Silva-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition (PPGNUT), Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio 57072900, AL, Brazil;
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508030, SP, Brazil;
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
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25
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Hostrup M, Cairns SP, Bangsbo J. Muscle Ionic Shifts During Exercise: Implications for Fatigue and Exercise Performance. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1895-1959. [PMID: 34190344 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise causes major shifts in multiple ions (e.g., K+ , Na+ , H+ , lactate- , Ca2+ , and Cl- ) during muscle activity that contributes to development of muscle fatigue. Sarcolemmal processes can be impaired by the trans-sarcolemmal rundown of ion gradients for K+ , Na+ , and Ca2+ during fatiguing exercise, while changes in gradients for Cl- and Cl- conductance may exert either protective or detrimental effects on fatigue. Myocellular H+ accumulation may also contribute to fatigue development by lowering glycolytic rate and has been shown to act synergistically with inorganic phosphate (Pi) to compromise cross-bridge function. In addition, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release function is severely affected by fatiguing exercise. Skeletal muscle has a multitude of ion transport systems that counter exercise-related ionic shifts of which the Na+ /K+ -ATPase is of major importance. Metabolic perturbations occurring during exercise can exacerbate trans-sarcolemmal ionic shifts, in particular for K+ and Cl- , respectively via metabolic regulation of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP ) and the chloride channel isoform 1 (ClC-1). Ion transport systems are highly adaptable to exercise training resulting in an enhanced ability to counter ionic disturbances to delay fatigue and improve exercise performance. In this article, we discuss (i) the ionic shifts occurring during exercise, (ii) the role of ion transport systems in skeletal muscle for ionic regulation, (iii) how ionic disturbances affect sarcolemmal processes and muscle fatigue, (iv) how metabolic perturbations exacerbate ionic shifts during exercise, and (v) how pharmacological manipulation and exercise training regulate ion transport systems to influence exercise performance in humans. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1895-1959, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simeon Peter Cairns
- SPRINZ, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Dittrich N, Serpa MC, Lemos EC, De Lucas RD, Guglielmo LGA. Effects of Caffeine Chewing Gum on Exercise Tolerance and Neuromuscular Responses in Well-Trained Runners. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1671-1676. [PMID: 30789581 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dittrich, N, Serpa, MC, Lemos, EC, De Lucas, RD, and Guglielmo, LGA. Effects of caffeine chewing gum on exercise tolerance and neuromuscular responses in well-trained runners. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1671-1676, 2021-This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on endurance exercise, neuromuscular properties, and rate of perceived exertion on exercise tolerance. Twelve trained male runners (31.3 ± 6.4 years; 70.5 ± 6.6 kg; 175.2 ± 6.2 cm; 9.4 ± 2.7% body fat; and V̇o2max = 62.0 ± 4.2 ml·kg-1·min-1) took part of the study. The athletes performed an intermittent treadmill test to determine maximal aerobic speed and delta 50% (Δ50%) intensity. In the following visits, they performed 2 randomized time to exhaustion tests (15.4 ± 0.7 km·h-1) after the ingestion of 300 mg of caffeine in a double-blind, crossover, randomized design. Maximal voluntary contraction of the knee extensor associated to surface electromyographic recording and the twitch interpolation technique were assessed before and immediately after the tests to quantify neuromuscular fatigue of the knee extensor muscles. Caffeine significantly improved exercise tolerance by 18% (p < 0.01). Neuromuscular responses decreased similarly after time to exhaustion in both exercise conditions; however, athletes were able to run a longer distance in the caffeine condition. The performance improvement induced by caffeine seems to have a neuromuscular contribution because athletes were able to run a longer distance with the same neuromuscular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiandra Dittrich
- Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Physical Effort Laboratory, Florianópolis, Brazil
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27
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Jessen S, Eibye K, Christensen PM, Hostrup M, Bangsbo J. No additive effect of acetaminophen when co-ingested with caffeine on cycling performance in well-trained young men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:238-249. [PMID: 34013747 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00108.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of caffeine and acetaminophen on power output during a 6-min performance test, peripheral fatigue, and muscle protein kinase A (PKA) substrate phosphorylation. Fourteen men [age (means ± SD): 26 ± 6 yr; V̇o2max: 63.9 ± 5.0 mL·min-1·kg-1] completed four randomized trials with acetaminophen (1,500 mg), caffeine (5 mg·kg body wt-1), combined caffeine and acetaminophen (caffeine + acetaminophen), or placebo. Mean power output during the 6-min performance test (placebo mean: 312 ± 41 W) was higher with caffeine (+5 W; 95% CI: 1 to 9; P = 0.017) and caffeine + acetaminophen (+6 W; 95% CI: 0 to 12; P = 0.049) than placebo, but not with acetaminophen (+1 W; 95% CI: -4 to 7; P = 0.529). Decline in quadriceps maximal isometric voluntary torque immediately after the performance test was lower (treatment × time; P = 0.035) with acetaminophen (-40 N·m; 95% CI: -53 to -30; P < 0.001) and caffeine + acetaminophen (-44 N·m; 95% CI: -58 to -30; P < 0.001) than placebo (-53 N·m; 95% CI: -71 to -39; P < 0.001) but was similar with caffeine (-54 N·m; 95% CI: -69 to -38; P < 0.001). Muscle phosphocreatine content decreased more during the performance test (treatment × time; P = 0.036) with caffeine + acetaminophen (-55 mmol·kg dry wt-1; 95% CI: -65 to -46; P < 0.001) than placebo (-40 mmol·kg dry wt-1; 95% CI: -52 to -24; P < 0.001). Muscle net lactate accumulation was not different from placebo (+85 mmol·kg dry wt-1; 95% CI: 60 to 110; P < 0.001) for any treatment (treatment × time; P = 0.066), being +75 mmol·kg dry wt-1 (95% CI: 51 to 99; P < 0.001) with caffeine, +76 mmol·kg dry wt-1 (95% CI: 58 to 96; P < 0.001) with acetaminophen, and +103 mmol·kg dry wt-1 (95% CI: 89 to 115; P < 0.001) with caffeine + acetaminophen. Decline in muscle ATP and glycogen content and increase in PKA substrate phosphorylation was not different between treatments (treatment × time; P > 0.1). Thus, acetaminophen provides no additive performance enhancing effect to caffeine during 6-min maximal cycling. In addition, change in PKA activity is likely not a major mechanism of performance improvement with caffeine.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we show that acetaminophen does not provide additive performance improvement to caffeine during a 6-min cycling ergometer performance test, and that acetaminophen does not improve performance on its own. Neither substance affects peripheral fatigue, muscle glycolytic energy production, or phosphorylation of muscle proteins of importance for ion handling. In contrast to previous suggestions, increased epinephrine action on muscle cells does not appear to be a major contributor to the performance enhancement with caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Jessen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Eibye
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller Christensen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Team Danmark (Danish Elite Sports Organization), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Filip-Stachnik A, Krzysztofik M, Kaszuba M, Leznicka K, Kostrzewa M, Del Coso J, Wilk M. Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Power Output and Movement Velocity During a Multiple-Set Bench Press Exercise Among Mild Caffeine Users. J Hum Kinet 2021; 78:219-228. [PMID: 34025879 PMCID: PMC8120957 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an acute dose of caffeine (6 mg/kg body mass (b.m.)) on power output and bar velocity during a bench press multiple-set resistance training session in participants with mild daily caffeine consumption (in the range of 1 to 3 mg/kg/b.m). Thirteen recreationally active male participants (age: 21.9 ± 1.2 years, body mass: 74.4 ± 5.3 kg, body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.6 kg/m2, bench press onerepetition maximum (1RM): 79.2 ± 14.9 kg), with daily caffeine ingestion of 1.56 ± 0.56 mg/kg/b.m., participated in the study with a randomized double-blind experimental design. Each participant performed two identical experimental sessions, 60 min after the intake of a placebo (PLAC) or 6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine (CAF-6). In each experimental session, participants performed 5 sets of 5 repetitions of the bench press exercise with a load equivalent to 70% 1RM. The eccentric and concentric phases of the bench press exercise were performed at maximal possible velocity in each repetition. Bar velocity was recorded with a linear position transducer and power output was calculated using velocity and load data. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated no significant substance x set interaction for mean power output (MP), mean bar velocity (MV), peak power output (PP) and peak bar velocity (PV). However, there was a significant main effect of substance on MP (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.47) and MV (p < 0.01; η2 =0.45). Post hoc analysis for main effect revealed that MP and MV values in the CAF-6 group were higher than in the PLAC group in all 5 sets of the exercise (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that an acute dose of caffeine before resistance exercise increased mean power output and mean bar velocity during a multiple-set bench press exercise protocol among mild caffeine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaszuba
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Leznicka
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Kostrzewa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Michal Wilk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Dall'Acqua F, Cristina-Souza G, Santos-Mariano AC, Bertuzzi R, Rodacki C, Lima-Silva AE. Caffeine ingestion improves specific artistic swimming tasks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10346. [PMID: 33624730 PMCID: PMC7894387 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main movements of artistic swimming demand various physical capacities such as flexibility, strength, power, and muscular endurance. The use of ergogenic resources to potentialize performance in this sport, however, is underexplored and deserves investigation. In the present study, we tested whether caffeine ingestion would improve the execution of movements that are essential in a typical figure competition or routines in artistic swimming (i.e., amplitude in the Ariana, height in the Boost and Barracuda, and time maintained in the Stationary Scull techniques). Sixteen experienced female athlete artistic swimmers (17.4±3.2 years of age, 5.6±2.8 years of artistic swimming practice) performed several movements of artistic swimming after having ingested a capsule containing caffeine (5 mg/kg body mass) or cellulose (placebo). Compared to the placebo, caffeine improved latero-lateral amplitude during the Ariana (P=0.035), the height of the Boost and Barracuda (P=0.028 and 0.009), and maintained duration in Stationary Sculling (P=0.012). Bayes factor analysis, however, indicated substantial evidence of a positive effect of caffeine only on the Barracuda and Stationary Scull techniques. These findings indicated that caffeine improved performance during specific artistic swimming movements. Coaches and athletes should consider caffeine ingestion in their supplementation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dall'Acqua
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - G Cristina-Souza
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Nutrição e Exercício, Academia do Campus de Passos, Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais, Passos, MG, Brasil
| | - A C Santos-Mariano
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - R Bertuzzi
- Grupo de Estudos em Desempenho Aeróbio, Departamento de Esporte, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C Rodacki
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - A E Lima-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Abstract
The potential ergogenic effect of nutritional supplements depends on their dosage and the type of exercise executed. Aiming at reviewing the research literature regarding sport supplements utilized in judo in order to improve performance, a literature search was performed at the following databases: Dialnet, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus and SportDiscus. A total of 11 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected. Evidence revised indicates that supplementation with caffeine, β-alanine, sodium bicarbonate, creatine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate has a positive effect on judo-related performance. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that combining some of these nutritional supplements may produce an additive effect.
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31
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Lindinger MI, Cairns SP. Regulation of muscle potassium: exercise performance, fatigue and health implications. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:721-748. [PMID: 33392745 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review integrates from the single muscle fibre to exercising human the current understanding of the role of skeletal muscle for whole-body potassium (K+) regulation, and specifically the regulation of skeletal muscle [K+]. We describe the K+ transport proteins in skeletal muscle and how they contribute to, or modulate, K+ disturbances during exercise. Muscle and plasma K+ balance are markedly altered during and after high-intensity dynamic exercise (including sports), static contractions and ischaemia, which have implications for skeletal and cardiac muscle contractile performance. Moderate elevations of plasma and interstitial [K+] during exercise have beneficial effects on multiple physiological systems. Severe reductions of the trans-sarcolemmal K+ gradient likely contributes to muscle and whole-body fatigue, i.e. impaired exercise performance. Chronic or acute changes of arterial plasma [K+] (hyperkalaemia or hypokalaemia) have dangerous health implications for cardiac function. The current mechanisms to explain how raised extracellular [K+] impairs cardiac and skeletal muscle function are discussed, along with the latest cell physiology research explaining how calcium, β-adrenergic agonists, insulin or glucose act as clinical treatments for hyperkalaemia to protect the heart and skeletal muscle in vivo. Finally, whether these agents can also modulate K+-induced muscle fatigue are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Lindinger
- Research and Development, The Nutraceutical Alliance, Burlington, ON, L7N 2Z9, Canada
| | - Simeon P Cairns
- SPRINZ, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1020, New Zealand.
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1020, New Zealand.
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32
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Ruiz-Moreno C, Lara B, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, González-García J, Del Coso J. Time Course and Magnitude of Tolerance to the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine on the Second Ventilatory Threshold. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10120343. [PMID: 33321978 PMCID: PMC7764462 DOI: 10.3390/life10120343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-exercise caffeine ingestion has been shown to increase the workload at ventilatory threshold, suggesting an ergogenic effect of this stimulant on submaximal aerobic exercise. However, the time course of tolerance to the effect of caffeine on ventilatory threshold is unknown. This study aimed to determine the evolution of tolerance to the ergogenic effect of caffeine on the ventilatory threshold. Methods: Eleven participants (age 32.3 ± 4.9 yrs, height 171 ± 8 cm, body mass 66.6 ± 13.6 kg, VO2max = 48.0 ± 3.8 mL/kg/min) took part in a longitudinal, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover experimental design. Each participant took part in two identical treatments: in one treatment, participants ingested a capsule containing 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass per day (mg/kg/day) for twenty consecutive days; in the other treatment, participants ingested a capsule filled with a placebo for the same duration and frequency. During these treatments, participants performed a maximal ramp test on a cycle ergometer three times per week and the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) was assessed by using the ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide. Results: A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (substance × time) revealed statistically significant main effects of caffeine (p < 0.01) and time (p = 0.04) on the wattage obtained at VT2, although there was no interaction (p = 0.09). In comparison to the placebo, caffeine increased the workload at VT2 on days 1, 4, 6 and 15 of ingestion (p < 0.05). The size of the ergogenic effect of caffeine over the placebo on the workload at VT2 was progressively reduced with the duration of the treatment. In addition, there were main effects of caffeine (p = 0.03) and time (p = 0.16) on VO2 obtained at VT2, with no interaction (p = 0.49). Specifically, caffeine increased oxygen uptake at VT2 on days 1 and 4 (p < 0.05), with no other caffeine–placebo differences afterwards. For heart rate obtained at VT2, there was a main effect of substance (p < 0.01), while the overall effect of time (p = 0.13) and the interaction (p = 0.22) did not reach statistical significance. Heart rate at VT2 was higher with caffeine than with the placebo on days 1 and 4 (p < 0.05). The size of the effect of caffeine on VO2 and heart at VT2 tended to decline over time. Conclusion: Pre-exercise intake of 3 mg/kg/day of caffeine for twenty days enhanced the wattage obtained at VT2 during cycling ramp tests for ~15 days of ingestion, while there was a progressive attenuation of the size of the ergogenic effect of caffeine on this performance variable. Therefore, habituation to caffeine through daily ingestion may reduce the ergogenic effect of this stimulant on aerobic exercise of submaximal intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ruiz-Moreno
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (B.L.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Lara
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (B.L.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain;
| | - Jaime González-García
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (B.L.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Fuenlabrada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Santos PS, Felippe LC, Ferreira GA, Learsi SK, Couto PG, Bertuzzi R, Pereira G, Lima-Silva AE. Caffeine increases peripheral fatigue in low- but not in high-performing cyclists. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1208-1215. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of cyclists’ performance levels on caffeine-induced increases in neuromuscular fatigue after a 4-km cycling time trial (TT) was investigated. Nineteen cyclists performed a 4-km cycling TT 1 h after ingesting caffeine (5 mg·kg−1) or placebo (cellulose). Changes from baseline to after exercise in voluntary activation (VA) and potentiated 1 Hz force twitch (Qtw,pot) were used as markers of central and peripheral fatigue, respectively. Participants were classified as “high performing” (HP, n = 8) or “low performing” (LP, n = 8) in accordance with their performance in a placebo trial. Compared with placebo, caffeine increased the power, anaerobic mechanical power, and anaerobic work, reducing the time to complete the trial in both groups (p < 0.05). There was a group versus supplement and a group versus supplement versus trial interaction for Qtw,pot, in which the postexercise reduction was greater after caffeine compared with placebo in the LP group (Qtw,pot = −34% ± 17% vs. −21% ± 11%, p = 0.02) but not in the HP group (Qtw,pot = −22% ± 8% vs. −23% ± 10%, p = 0.64). There was no effect of caffeine on VA, but there was a group versus trial interaction with lower postexercise values in the LP group than in the HP group (p = 0.03). Caffeine-induced improvement in 4-km cycling TT performance seems to come at the expense of greater locomotor muscle fatigue in LP but not in HP cyclists. Novelty Caffeine improves exercise performance at the expense of a greater end-exercise peripheral fatigue in low-performing athletes. Caffeine-induced improvement in exercise performance does not affect end-exercise peripheral fatigue in high-performing athletes. High-performing athletes seem to have augmented tolerance to central fatigue during a high-intensity time trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S. Santos
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology – Parana (UTFPR), Neoville, Curitiba, PR 81310-900, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Leandro C. Felippe
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology – Parana (UTFPR), Neoville, Curitiba, PR 81310-900, Brazil
- Sport Science Research Group, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE 55608-608, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A. Ferreira
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology – Parana (UTFPR), Neoville, Curitiba, PR 81310-900, Brazil
- Sport Science Research Group, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE 55608-608, Brazil
| | - Sara K. Learsi
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology – Parana (UTFPR), Neoville, Curitiba, PR 81310-900, Brazil
- Sport Science Research Group, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE 55608-608, Brazil
| | - Patrícia G. Couto
- Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Gleber Pereira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Adriano E. Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology – Parana (UTFPR), Neoville, Curitiba, PR 81310-900, Brazil
- Sport Science Research Group, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE 55608-608, Brazil
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Aguiar AS, Speck AE, Canas PM, Cunha RA. Neuronal adenosine A 2A receptors signal ergogenic effects of caffeine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13414. [PMID: 32770138 PMCID: PMC7415152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the most used ergogenic aid for physical exercise and sports. However, its mechanism of action is still controversial. The adenosinergic hypothesis is promising due to the pharmacology of caffeine, a nonselective antagonist of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. We now investigated A2AR as a possible ergogenic mechanism through pharmacological and genetic inactivation. Forty-two adult females (20.0 ± 0.2 g) and 40 male mice (23.9 ± 0.4 g) from a global and forebrain A2AR knockout (KO) colony ran an incremental exercise test with indirect calorimetry (V̇O2 and RER). We administered caffeine (15 mg/kg, i.p., nonselective) and SCH 58261 (1 mg/kg, i.p., selective A2AR antagonist) 15 min before the open field and exercise tests. We also evaluated the estrous cycle and infrared temperature immediately at the end of the exercise test. Caffeine and SCH 58621 were psychostimulant. Moreover, Caffeine and SCH 58621 were ergogenic, that is, they increased V̇O2max, running power, and critical power, showing that A2AR antagonism is ergogenic. Furthermore, the ergogenic effects of caffeine were abrogated in global and forebrain A2AR KO mice, showing that the antagonism of A2AR in forebrain neurons is responsible for the ergogenic action of caffeine. Furthermore, caffeine modified the exercising metabolism in an A2AR-dependent manner, and A2AR was paramount for exercise thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderbal S Aguiar
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Biology of Exercise Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, 88905-120, Brazil.
| | - Ana Elisa Speck
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Biology of Exercise Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, 88905-120, Brazil
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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35
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Caffeine effects on systemic metabolism, oxidative-inflammatory pathways, and exercise performance. Nutr Res 2020; 80:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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36
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Spineli H, Pinto MP, Dos Santos BP, Lima-Silva AE, Bertuzzi R, Gitaí DLG, de Araujo GG. Caffeine improves various aspects of athletic performance in adolescents independent of their 163 C > A CYP1A2 genotypes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1869-1877. [PMID: 32538495 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether variations in 163 C > A CYP1A2 genotypes (rs 762 551) (AA, AC, and CC) modify the ergogenic effects of caffeine (CAF) on strength, power, muscular endurance, agility, and endurance in adolescent athletes. METHODS One hundred adolescents (age = 15 ± 2 years) were recruited. Participants ingested CAF (6 mg.kg-1 ) or placebo (PLA, 300 mg of cellulose) 1 hour before performing a sequence of physical tests: handgrip strength, vertical jumps, agility test, sit-ups, push-ups, and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). RESULTS Compared to PLA, CAF enhanced (P < .05) sit-up (CAF = 37 ± 9; PLA = 35 ± 8 repetitions) and push-up repetitions (CAF = 26 ± 11; PLA = 24 ± 11 repetitions), and increased distance covered in Yo-Yo IR1 test (CAF = 1010.4 ± 378.9; PLA = 903.2 ± 325.7 m). There was no influence of CAF on handgrip strength (CAF = 35.1 ± 8.9; PLA = 33.7 ± 8.7 kgf), countermovement jump height (CAF = 49.3 ± 12.6; PLA = 47.9 ± 13.8 cm), spike jump height (CAF = 54.2 ± 13.6; PLA = 52.9 ± 14.5 cm), and time in agility test (CAF = 15.8 ± 1.1; PLA = 15.9 ± 1.3 s, P > .05). When present, the ergogenic effect of CAF was not dependent of genotype. CONCLUSION CAF improves muscular endurance and aerobic performance in adolescent athletes, regardless of their 163 C > A CYP1A2 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Higor Spineli
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition - PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil.,Research Group Applied to Sport Science - GPCAE, Institute of Physical Education and Sport - IEFE, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Maryssa P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition - PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil.,Research Group Applied to Sport Science - GPCAE, Institute of Physical Education and Sport - IEFE, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Bruna P Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory - LBCM, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Technological Federal University of Parana, Parana, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel L G Gitaí
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory - LBCM, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo G de Araujo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition - PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences - PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil.,Research Group Applied to Sport Science - GPCAE, Institute of Physical Education and Sport - IEFE, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
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37
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Grgic J, Oppici L, Mikulic P, Bangsbo J, Krustrup P, Pedisic Z. Test-Retest Reliability of the Yo-Yo Test: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:1547-1557. [PMID: 31270753 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Yo-Yo test is widely used both in the practical and research contexts; however, its true test-retest reliability remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present systematic review aims to identify studies that have examined the test-retest reliability of the Yo-Yo test and summarize their results. METHODS A search of ten databases was performed to find studies that have investigated test-retest reliability of any variant of the Yo-Yo test. The COSMIN checklist was employed to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. RESULTS Nineteen studies of excellent or moderate methodological quality were included. When considering all variants of the Yo-Yo test, the included studies reported intra-class correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability ranging from 0.78 to 0.98 where 62% of all intra-class correlation coefficients were higher than 0.90, while 97% of intra-class correlation coefficients were higher than 0.80. The coefficients of variation ranged from 3.7 to 19.0%. Regardless of the variant of the test, the participants' familiarization with the test, and previous sport experience, the intra-class correlation coefficients generally seem high (≥ 0.90) and coefficients of variation low (< 10%). CONCLUSIONS The results of this review indicate that the Yo-Yo test (in all its variants) generally has good-to-excellent test-retest reliability. The evidence concerning reliability arises from 19 included studies that were of moderate or high methodological quality. Considering that most of the included studies examined the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test while including Association Football players, more reliability studies examining Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 test and Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 and level 2 tests, and in the context of sports other than Association Football as well as in non-athletic populations, are required. Finally, future studies should explicitly state the type of intra-class correlation coefficient used for the reliability data analysis to allow for better between-study comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Luca Oppici
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Psychology of Learning and Instruction, Department of Psychology, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavle Mikulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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38
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Apostolidis A, Mougios V, Smilios I, Frangous M, Hadjicharalambous M. Caffeine supplementation is ergogenic in soccer players independent of cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular fitness levels. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:31. [PMID: 32513182 PMCID: PMC7282184 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Equivocal findings examining the influence of caffeine on performance and biological responses to exercise may be due to inter-individual variability in cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular fitness. This study examined whether the effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise performance and biological responses to prolonged intermittent exercise to exhaustion depend on cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular fitness. Methods Twenty male soccer players, separated according to either cardiorespiratory fitness (high vs medium) or neuromuscular fitness (high vs medium) underwent two trials simulating the cardiovascular demands of a soccer game to exhaustion on treadmill after ingesting either caffeine (6 mg∙kg− 1) or placebo. Physical performance, cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters and blood metabolites were evaluated. Results Time to exhaustion (719 ± 288 vs 469 ± 228 s), jump height (42.7 ± 4.2 vs 38.6 ± 4.4 cm), heart rate (163 ± 12 vs 157 ± 13 b∙min− 1), mean arterial blood pressure (98 ± 8 vs 92 ± 10 mmHg), plasma glucose (5.6 ± 0.7 vs 5.3 ± 0.6 mmol∙l− 1) and lactate (3.3 ± 1.2 vs 2.9 ± 1.2 mmol∙l− 1) were higher, while rating of perceived exertion (12.6 ± 1.7 vs 13.3 ± 1.6) was lower with caffeine vs placebo (p < 0.01), independent of cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular fitness level. Reaction time; plasma glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and epinephrine; carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates; and energy expenditure were not affected by caffeine (p > 0.05). Conclusions Caffeine was effective in improving endurance and neuromuscular performance in athletes with either high or medium cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness. Cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness do not appear to modulate the ergogenic effects of caffeine supplementation in well-trained athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Apostolidis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Life & Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Ave., P.O. Box 24005, 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Smilios
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | | | - Marios Hadjicharalambous
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Life & Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Ave., P.O. Box 24005, 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Shirvani H, Arabzadeh E, Akbari J. The short-term effect of caffeine supplementation on immune-endocrine responses to acute intensive exercise. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hulton AT, Vitzel K, Doran DA, MacLaren DPM. Addition of Caffeine to a Carbohydrate Feeding Strategy Prior to Intermittent Exercise. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:603-609. [PMID: 32252101 DOI: 10.1055/a-1121-7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The ergogenic effect of caffeine is well established, although no investigations providing a high carbohydrate feeding strategy (pre-exercise meal=2 g/kg BM) co-ingested with caffeine exist for soccer. This investigation examines the effect of caffeine in addition to a pre-exercise carbohydrate meal and drink mid-way through a soccer simulation. Eight recreational soccer players completed an 85-minute soccer simulation followed by an exercise capacity test (Yo-yo Intermittent Endurance test level 2) on two occasions. Prior to exercise participants consumed a high carbohydrate meal, with placebo or 5 mg/kg BM-1 caffeine. No significant performance effect was identified (p=0.099) despite a 12.8% (109 m) improvement in exercise capacity following caffeine. Rates of carbohydrate and fat oxidation did not differ between conditions and nor were differences apparent for plasma glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate (p>0.05). However, an increase in lactate was observed for caffeine (p=0.039). A significant condition effect on rating of perceived exertion was identified (p<0.001), with the overall mean for the protocol lowered to 11.7±0.9 au for caffeine compared to 12.8±1.3 au. Caffeine supplementation with a carbohydrate feeding strategy failed to affect metabolic and metabolite responses, although reductions in perception of exercise were observed. While a 12.8% increase in exercise capacity was noted the findings were not significant, possibly due to the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Hulton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Kaio Vitzel
- School of Heath Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Dominic A Doran
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Don P M MacLaren
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Mesquita RNO, Cronin NJ, Kyröläinen H, Hintikka J, Avela J. Effects of caffeine on neuromuscular function in a non-fatigued state and during fatiguing exercise. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:690-706. [PMID: 32092208 DOI: 10.1113/ep088265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of the study? What are the effects of caffeine on neuromuscular function in a non-fatigued state and during fatiguing exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? In a non-fatigued state, caffeine decreased the duration of the silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Caffeine-induced reduction of inhibitory mechanisms in the central nervous system before exercise was associated with an increased performance. Individuals who benefit from caffeine ingestion may experience lower perception of effort during exercise and an accelerated recovery of M-wave amplitude postfatigue. This study elucidates the mechanisms of action of caffeine and demonstrates that inter-individual variability of its effects on neuromuscular function is a fruitful area for further work. ABSTRACT Caffeine enhances exercise performance, but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we investigated its effects on neuromuscular function in a non-fatigued state and during fatiguing exercise. Eighteen men participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Baseline measures included plantarflexion force, drop jump, squat jump, voluntary activation of triceps surae muscle, soleus muscle contractile properties, M-wave, α-motoneuron excitability (H-reflex), corticospinal excitability, short-interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (SP) and plasma potassium and caffeine concentrations. Immediately after baseline testing, participants ingested caffeine (6 mg·kg-1 ) or placebo. After a 1-h rest, baseline measures were repeated, followed by a fatiguing stretch-shortening cycle exercise (sets of 40 bilateral rebound jumps on a sledge apparatus) until task failure. Neuromuscular testing was carried out throughout the fatigue protocol and afterwards. Caffeine enhanced drop jump height (by 4.2%) and decreased the SP (by 12.6%) in a non-fatigued state. A caffeine-related decrease in SP and short-interval intracortical inhibition before the fatiguing activity was associated with an increased time to task failure. The participants who benefitted from an improved performance on the caffeine day reported a significantly lower sense of effort during exercise and had an accelerated postexercise recovery of M-wave amplitude. Caffeine modulates inhibitory mechanisms of the CNS, recovery of M-wave amplitude and perception of effort. This study lays the groundwork for future examinations of differences in caffeine-induced neuromuscular changes between those who are deemed to benefit from caffeine ingestion and those who are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo N O Mesquita
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Neil J Cronin
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department for Health, Bath University, Bath, UK
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka Hintikka
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Janne Avela
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Wilk M, Filip A, Krzysztofik M, Gepfert M, Zajac A, Del Coso J. Acute Caffeine Intake Enhances Mean Power Output and Bar Velocity during the Bench Press Throw in Athletes Habituated to Caffeine. Nutrients 2020; 12:E406. [PMID: 32033103 PMCID: PMC7071256 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on power output and bar velocity during an explosive bench press throw in athletes habituated to caffeine. METHODS Twelve resistance trained individuals habituated to caffeine ingestion participated in a randomized double-blind experimental design. Each participant performed three identical experimental sessions 60 min after the intake of a placebo, 3, and 6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine. In each experimental session, the participants performed 5 sets of 2 repetitions of the bench press throw (with a load equivalent to 30% repetition maximum (RM), measured in a familiarization trial) on a Smith machine, while bar velocity and power output were registered with a rotatory encoder. RESULTS In comparison to the placebo, the intake of caffeine increased mean bar velocity during 5 sets of the bench press throw (1.37 ± 0.05 vs. 1.41 ± 0.05 and 1.41 ± 0.06 m/s for placebo, 3, and 6 mg/kg/b.m., respectively; p < 0.01), as well as mean power output (545 ± 117 vs. 562 ± 118 and 560 ± 107 W; p < 0.01). However, caffeine was not effective at increasing peak velocity (p = 0.09) nor peak power output (p = 0.07) during the explosive exercise. CONCLUSION The acute doses of caffeine before resistance exercise may increase mean power output and mean bar velocity during the bench press throw training session in a group of habitual caffeine users. Thus, caffeine prior to ballistic exercises enhances performance during a power-specific resistance training session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wilk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Aleksandra Filip
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Michal Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mariola Gepfert
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Adam Zajac
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28942 Fuenlabrada, Spain;
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Grgic J, Garofolini A, Pickering C, Duncan MJ, Tinsley GM, Del Coso J. Isolated effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate ingestion on performance in the Yo-Yo test: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Russell M, Reynolds NA, Crewther BT, Cook CJ, Kilduff LP. Physiological and Performance Effects of Caffeine Gum Consumed During a Simulated Half-Time by Professional Academy Rugby Union Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:145-151. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Coffee Ingestion Improves 5 km Cycling Performance in Men and Women by a Similar Magnitude. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112575. [PMID: 31731467 PMCID: PMC6893638 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is a well-established ergogenic aid, although research to date has predominantly focused on anhydrous caffeine, and in men. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of coffee ingestion on 5 km cycling time trial performance, and to establish whether sex differences exist. A total of 38 participants (19 men and 19 women) completed a 5 km time trial following the ingestion of 0.09 g·kg-1 coffee providing 3 mg·kg-1 of caffeine (COF), a placebo (PLA), in 300 mL of water, or control (CON). Coffee ingestion significantly increased salivary caffeine levels (p < 0.001; ηP2 = 0.75) and, overall, resulted in improved 5 km time trial performance (p < 0.001; ηP2 = 0.23). Performance following COF (482 ± 51 s) was faster than PLA (491 ± 53 s; p = 0.002; d = 0.17) and CON (487 ± 52 s; p =0.002; d = 0.10) trials, with men and women both improving by approximately 9 seconds and 6 seconds following coffee ingestion compared with placebo and control, respectively. However, no differences were observed between CON and PLA (p = 0.321; d = 0.08). In conclusion, ingesting coffee providing 3 mg·kg-1 of caffeine increased salivary caffeine levels and improved 5 km cycling time trial performance in men and women by a similar magnitude.
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Rezaei S, Akbari K, Gahreman DE, Sarshin A, Tabben M, Kaviani M, Sadeghinikoo A, Koozehchian MS, Naderi A. Caffeine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation alone or together improve karate performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:44. [PMID: 31623659 PMCID: PMC6798418 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ergogenic properties of acute caffeine (CAF) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on athletic performance have been previously investigated. However, each sport has unique physiological and technical characteristics which warrants optimizing supplementations strategies for maximizing performance. This study examined the effects of CAF and NaHCO3 ingestion on physiological responses and rate of perceived exertion during a Karate-specific aerobic test (KSAT) in competitive karatekas. Methods In a double-blind, crossover, randomized placebo-controlled trial, eight Karatekas underwent five experimental conditions including control (CON), placebo (PLA), CAF, NaHCO3, and CAF + NaHCO3 before completing KSAT. Capsules containing 6 mg/kg BW CAF were consumed 50 min prior to a KSAT whilst 0.3 g/kg BW NaHCO3 was consumed for 3 days leading to and 120, 90, and 60 min prior to a KSAT. Time to exhaustion (TTE), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate (BL) were measured before, immediately after and 3 min following KSAT. Results TTE was significantly greater following CAF, NaHCO3, and CAF + NaHCO3 consumption compared to PLA and CON. However, the differences between CAF, NaHCO3, and CAF + NaHCO3 were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). BL increased significantly from baseline to immediately after and 3 min following KSAT in all conditions (p < 0.01), while RPE at the end of KSAT was not significantly different between conditions (p = 0.11). Conclusions Karate practitioners may benefit from the ergogenic effects of CAF and NaHCO3 when consumed separately or together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Rezaei
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Akbari
- Department of exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical education and sport sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. .,Raad Sports Club, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Daniel E Gahreman
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Amir Sarshin
- Faculty of Physical education and sport sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Montassar Tabben
- Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Majid S Koozehchian
- Department of Kinesiology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, 36265, USA
| | - Alireza Naderi
- Sports Physiology Department, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch, Boroujerd, Iran
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Caffeine Supplementation Improves Anaerobic Performance and Neuromuscular Efficiency and Fatigue in Olympic-Level Boxers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092120. [PMID: 31492050 PMCID: PMC6769736 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND this study examined the effects of caffeine supplementation on anaerobic performance, neuromuscular efficiency and upper and lower extremities fatigue in Olympic-level boxers. METHODS Eight male athletes, members of the Spanish National Olympic Team, were enrolled in the study. In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design, the athletes completed 2 test sessions after the intake of caffeine (6 mg·kg-1) or placebo. Sessions involved initial measures of lactate, handgrip and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, followed by a 30-seconds Wingate test, and then final measures of the previous variables. During the sessions, electromiography (EMG) data were recorded on the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius lateral head and tibialis anterior. RESULTS caffeine enhanced peak power (6.27%, p < 0.01; Effect Size (ES) = 1.26), mean power (5.21%; p < 0.01; ES = 1.29) and reduced the time needed to reach peak power (-9.91%, p < 0.01; ES = 0.58) in the Wingate test, improved jump height in the CMJ (+2.4 cm, p < 0.01), and improved neuromuscular efficiency at peak power in the vastus lateralis (ES = 1.01) and gluteus maximus (ES = 0.89), and mean power in the vastus lateralis (ES = 0.95) and tibialis anterior (ES = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS in these Olympic-level boxers, caffeine supplementation improved anaerobic performance without affecting EMG activity and fatigue levels in the lower limbs. Further benefits observed were enhanced neuromuscular efficiency in some muscles and improved reaction speed.
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Ramos-Campo DJ, Pérez A, Ávila-Gandía V, Pérez-Piñero S, Rubio-Arias JÁ. Impact of Caffeine Intake on 800-m Running Performance and Sleep Quality in Trained Runners. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092040. [PMID: 31480553 PMCID: PMC6770771 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Caffeine ingestion improves athletic performance, but impairs sleep quality. We aimed to analyze the effect of caffeine intake on 800-m running performance, sleep quality (SQ), and nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity (CAA) in trained runners. Methods: Fifteen male middle-distance runners participated in the study (aged 23.7 ± 8.2 years). In a randomized and comparative crossover study design, the athletes ingested a placebo (PL) or caffeine supplement (CAF; 6 mg∙kg−1) one hour before an 800-m running time-trial test in the evening. During the night, CAA and SQ were assessed using actigraphy and a sleep questionnaire. A second 800-m running test was performed 24 h after the first. Time, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood lactate concentration were analyzed for each running test. Results: No significant differences in CAA and performance variables were found between the two conditions. However, CAF impaired sleep efficiency (p = 0.003), actual wake time (p = 0.001), and the number of awakenings (p = 0.005), as measured by actigraphy. Also, CAF impaired the questionnaire variables of SQ (p = 0.005), calm sleep (p = 0.005), ease of falling asleep (p = 0.003), and feeling refreshed after waking (p = 0.006). Conclusion: The supplementation with caffeine (6 mg∙kg−1) did not improve the 800-m running performance, but did impair the SQ of trained runners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Pérez
- High Performance Research Center (CIARD), UCAM, Catholic University San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Catholic University San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Silvia Pérez-Piñero
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Catholic University San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Clarke JS, Highton JM, Close GL, Twist C. Carbohydrate and Caffeine Improves High-Intensity Running of Elite Rugby League Interchange Players During Simulated Match Play. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1320-1327. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Caffeine Supplementation: Ergogenic in Both High and Low Caffeine Responders. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:650-657. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Inconsistent results among studies examining the effects of caffeine on exercise performance are potentially due to interindividual variability in biological responses to caffeine ingestion. The aims, therefore, of the present study were to identify high and low caffeine responders and compare the influence of caffeine on exercise performance and biological responses between groups during a simulated soccer-game protocol on treadmill. Methods: Well-trained soccer players were distinguished as high (n = 11) and low (n = 9) caffeine responders based on resting blood pressure, plasma glycerol, nonesterified fatty acid, and epinephrine responses to caffeine. Participants underwent 2 simulated soccer-game protocols on a treadmill after caffeine (6 mg·kg−1) or placebo ingestion. Exercise performance and several biological responses were evaluated. Results: Exercise performance did not differ between the high and low responders to caffeine (P > .05). However, time to fatigue (high, caffeine: 797 [201] s vs placebo: 487 [258] s; low, caffeine: 625 [357] s vs placebo 447 [198] s) and countermovement jump (high, caffeine: 42.1 [5.5] cm vs placebo: 40.5 [5.7] cm; low, caffeine: 41.0 [3.8] cm vs placebo: 38.8 [4.6] cm) improved with caffeine relative to placebo (P < .001). Rating of perceived exertion was lower (P < .001) in high (13.4 [2.3]) than in low responders (14.3 [2.4]) with caffeine ingestion. Conclusions: Caffeine improved aerobic endurance and neuromuscular performance in well-trained soccer players regardless of their responsiveness to caffeine at rest. Since no changes in substrate utilization were found with caffeine supplementation, performance improvements could be attributed to positive effects on the central nervous system and/or neuromuscular function, although the precise mechanism remains unclear.
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