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de Almeida-Neto PF, Gonçalves CAM, Wilde P, Jaggers JR, Júnior GBC, de Farias Sales VS, Medeiros R, Dantas PMS, Cabral BGDAT. Influence of age and fitness level on immune responses of T and NK cells in healthy physically active subjects after strenuous aerobic exercise: a cross-sectional study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1252506. [PMID: 37860003 PMCID: PMC10582930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1252506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to analyze whether immune responses after strenuous exercise are influenced by chronological age and fitness level in physically active healthy men. Methods Cross-sectional study with a sample of 32 physically active men. Participants were divided into two groups based on chronological age (younger: age 21.8 ± 1.8 vs. older: age 34.6 ± 8.3) and subsequently regrouped and divided based on fitness level (More conditioned: excellent and superior VO2max vs. Less conditioned: VO2max: weak, regular and good). Fitness was classified according to VO2max levels obtained by a treadmill test using a gas analyzer. Before and immediately after the ergospirometry test, blood samples were collected for evaluation of immunological markers: leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and subpopulations. Results Chronological age had a moderate effect on CD3+CD4+ lymphocyte count (effect size: 0.204) and CD4/CD8 ratio (effect size: 0.278), favoring older subjects. The level of physical fitness had no significant effect on the analyzed immunological markers. Conclusions Immune responses observed immediately after strenuous exercise may be more dependent on chronological age than on fitness level in healthy, physically active men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Phelipe Wilde
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jason R. Jaggers
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Geraldo Barroso Cavalcanti Júnior
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Hemocentro Dalton Cunha - Hemonorte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco Cabral
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Boeira MCDR, Dorneles GP, Junior WF, Peres A. The influence of physical activity level and cytomegalovirus serostatus on the cytokine levels of young individuals. Immunol Lett 2023; 256-257:28-33. [PMID: 36996911 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The practice of physical activity (PA) is a non-pharmacological variable that alters the immune response through changes in cytokines and cellular immunity. Inversely latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection prematurely ages the immune system and contributes to the chronic inflammatory condition in several diseases and in aging. This study aimed to compare the association of the PA level and CMV serostatus on whole blood mitogen-stimulated cytokine production of young individuals. The resting blood samples were collected from 100 volunteers of both sexes assigned to one of six groups according to the degree of PA and CMV serostatus: sedentary CMV- (n = 15), moderate physical activity CMV- (moderate PA CMV -, n = 15), high physical activity CMV- (high PA CMV-, n = 15), sedentary CMV+ (n = 20), moderate physical activity CMV + (moderate PA CMV+, n = 20) and high physical activity CMV + (high PA CMV +, n = 20). The collected peripheral blood got diluted in supplemented RPMI-1640 culture medium and incubated for 48 hours with a 2% concentration of phytohemagglutinin at 37ºC and CO2 at 5%. The supernatants were collected and used for the IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ analysis by the ELISA method. The IL-10 concentration was higher in the Moderate PA and High PA groups when compared to the sedentary group, regardless of CMV status. The physically active (moderate and high PA) CMV+ individuals presented lower concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α compared to CMV+ sedentary individuals, and the sedentary CMV+ subjects had a higher concentration of INF-γ compared to Sedentary CMV- subjects (p < 0.05). In summary, it is possible to infer that PA is key to controlling inflammation related to CMV infection. The stimulation of physical exercise is an important factor in controlling many diseases at the populational level.
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Padilha CS, Figueiredo C, Minuzzi LG, Chimin P, Deminice R, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. Immunometabolic responses according to physical fitness status and lifelong exercise during aging: New roads for exercise immunology. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101341. [PMID: 33839332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecules such as cytokines, energetic substrates, and hormones found in the immune cell environment, especially lymphocytes and monocytes, are crucial for directing energy metabolism. In turn, changes in energy metabolism occur in a synchronized manner with the activation of certain signaling pathways, thereby this crosstalk is responsible for determining the functionality of immune cells. The immunometabolism field has grown over time and that is becoming increasingly promising in several populations; here we discuss the mechanisms involved in sedentary and physically active middle-aged individuals and master athletes. In this context, this review shows that the physical activity status and lifelong exercise seems to be good strategies for the promotion of metabolic and functional adaptations in T lymphocytes and monocytes, counteracting inflammatory environments caused by expanded adipose tissue and sedentary behavior, as well as delaying the immunosenescence caused by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Exercise, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Exercise, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Institute of Sports Science, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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