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Lira FS, Rosa-Neto JC, Turner JE. Editorial: Immunometabolism applied to exercise, nutrition and pharmacology treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1360040. [PMID: 38283336 PMCID: PMC10811786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1360040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto e Atividade Física (CIDAF), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Immunometabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Edward Turner
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Olean-Oliveira T, Padilha CS, Figueiredo C, Dorneles GP, Marmett B, Peres A, Romão P, Abílio de Souza Teixeira A, Jabur Ribeiro JP, Dos Santos VR, Olean-Oliveira A, Teixeira MFS, Seraphim PM, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. Central obesity is detrimental to anti-inflammatory, phenotype, and exhaustion markers in mononuclear cells - A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:397-408. [PMID: 38057032 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of central obesity on immunometabolic response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal weight and overweight/obese young men. METHODS Eighteen individuals were classified as normal weight (NW; n = 9 - age: 25 ± 5 and BMI: 21.4 ± 1.7) and overweight/obese (OW; n = 9 - age: 29 ± 7 and BMI: 29.2 ± 2.7). The body composition was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), waist circumference, and visceral and subcutaneous fat depots by ultrasound. Physical activity levels, metabolic parameters, immune phenotypic characterization, cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated whole blood cells and LPS or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated PBMC, and mitochondrial respiration in PBMCs were evaluated. Expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and adrenergic receptor beta 1 and 2 (AR-β1 and β2) genes were evaluated in cultured PBMC using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Individuals with overweight/obese (OW) presented higher glucose (P = 0.009) and leptin (P = 0.010) than individuals with normal weight (NW). PBMCs of OW under stimulation with LPS presented a lower production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P = 0.011) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1α) (P = 0.048) than NW. Mitochondrial respiration rates were not different between NW and OW subjects. Cultured PBMCs in LPS-stimulated condition indicated higher gene expression of AR-β2 in OW, while PMA-stimulated PBMCs presented lower expression of AMPK (P = 0.002) and higher expression of NF-κB (P=<0.0001) than NW. OW presented higher numbers of CD3+CD4+ T cells (P = 0.009) and higher expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in CD8+ T cells (P = 0.001) than NW. CONCLUSION Central obesity promoted reductions in interleukin 10 production response and increase in AR-β2 expressions in mitogen-stimulated PBMCs. Furthermore, central obesity altered the phenotype of PBMCs, also increasing the expression of PD-1 exhaustion markers in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila S Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marmett
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Romão
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Abílio de Souza Teixeira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Procópio Jabur Ribeiro
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - André Olean-Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Marcos F S Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Patrícia M Seraphim
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Centro de Investigação em Desporto e Atividade Física, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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3
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das Neves RX, Yamashita AS, Riccardi DMR, Köhn-Gaone J, Camargo RG, Neto NI, Caetano D, Gomes SP, Santos FH, Lima JDCC, Batista ML, Rosa-Neto JC, Martins De Alcântara PS, Maximiano LF, Otoch JP, Trinchieri G, Tirnitz-Parker JEE, Seelaender M. Cachexia causes time-dependent activation of the inflammasome in the liver. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37177862 PMCID: PMC10401524 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a wasting syndrome associated with systemic inflammation and metabolic disruption. Detection of the early signs of the disease may contribute to the effective attenuation of associated symptoms. Despite playing a central role in the control of metabolism and inflammation, the liver has received little attention in cachexia. We previously described relevant disruption of metabolic pathways in the organ in an animal model of cachexia, and herein, we adopt the same model to investigate temporal onset of inflammation in the liver. The aim was thus to study inflammation in rodent liver in the well-characterized cachexia model of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and, in addition, to describe inflammatory alterations in the liver of one cachectic colon cancer patient, as compared to one control and one weight-stable cancer patient. METHODS Colon cancer patients (one weight stable [WSC] and one cachectic [CC]) and one patient undergoing surgery for cholelithiasis (control, n = 1) were enrolled in the study, after obtainment of fully informed consent. Eight-week-old male rats were subcutaneously inoculated with a Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cell suspension (2 × 107 cells in 1.0 mL; tumour-bearing [T]; or phosphate-buffered saline-controls [C]). The liver was excised on Days 0 (n = 5), 7 (n = 5) and 14 (n = 5) after tumour cell injection. RESULTS In rodent cachexia, we found progressively higher numbers of CD68+ myeloid cells in the liver along cancer-cachexia development. Similar findings are described for CC, whose liver showed infiltration of the same cell type, compared with both WSC and control patient organs. In advanced rodent cachexia, hepatic phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase protein content and the inflammasome pathway protein expression were increased in relation to baseline (P < 0.05). These changes were accompanied by augmented expression of the active interleukin-1β (IL-1β) form (P < 0.05 for both circulating and hepatic content). CONCLUSIONS The results show that cancer cachexia is associated with an increase in the number of myeloid cells in rodent and human liver and with modulation of hepatic inflammasome pathway. The latter contributes to the aggravation of systemic inflammation, through increased release of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Xavier das Neves
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM26-HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- LICI, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alex S Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela M R Riccardi
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM26-HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Köhn-Gaone
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of University of São Paulo-FMVZ/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo G Camargo
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM26-HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson I Neto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caetano
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM26-HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio P Gomes
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM26-HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of University of São Paulo-FMVZ/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe H Santos
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Center for Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joanna D C C Lima
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM26-HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel L Batista
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Center for Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Martins De Alcântara
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM26-HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Linda F Maximiano
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM26-HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José P Otoch
- LICI, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- LICI, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janina E E Tirnitz-Parker
- Liver Disease and Regeneration Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Department of Surgery and LIM26-HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Estanislau TB, Kruger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Padilha CS, Gonçalves DC, Minuzzi LG, Lira FS. Feeding pattern, circadian rhythm, and immune function: what do we know about? Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2478-2487. [PMID: 35909275 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220729091451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Feeding pattern is related to health status or chronic diseases, and this depends on the individual's eating habits. Feeding organized with the right time to start and end during the day, promotes an internal biological rhythm, favoring molecular synchronization of the clock genes, which impose an effect on metabolism and immune cells, creating a physiological response related to a healthy profile. On the other hand, a feeding pattern disorganized, without the right time to start and end eating during the day, might lead to non-synchronization of the clock genes, a disruption condition, which is related to chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes type 2. A strategy that should be adopted to favor molecular synchronization is time-restricted eating (TRE), which can organize the initial and end of the eating patterns during the day. Our review points out some cues that suggest TRE as an efficient strategy for healthy profile and can be a good intervention for the treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Barros Estanislau
- Department Of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karsten Kruger
- Institute of Sports Science, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of B iomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila S Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caetano Gonçalves
- Department Of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS, Little JP, Landells G, Islam H, Chazaud B, Pyne DB, Teixeira AM, Batatinha H, Moura Antunes B, Guerra Minuzzi L, Palmowski J, Simpson RJ, Krüger K. Immunometabolism-fit: How exercise and training can modify T cell and macrophage metabolism in health and disease. Exerc Immunol Rev 2022; 28:29-46. [PMID: 35452394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term immunometabolism describes cellular and molecular metabolic processes that control the immune system and the associated immune responses. Acute exercise and regular physical activity have a substantial influence on the metabolism and the immune system, so that both processes are closely associated and influence each other bidirectionally. SCOPE OF REVIEW We limit the review here to focus on metabolic phenotypes and metabolic plasticity of T cells and macrophages to describe the complex role of acute exercise stress and regular physical activity on these cell types. The metabolic and immunological consequences of the social problem of inactivity and how, conversely, an active lifestyle can break this vicious circle, are then described. Finally, these aspects are evaluated against the background of an aging society. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS T cells and macrophages show high sensitivity to changes in their metabolic environment, which indirectly or directly affects their central functions. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have an important influence on metabolic status, thereby modifying immune cell phenotypes and influencing immunological plasticity. A detailed understanding of the interactions between acute and chronic physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and the metabolic status of immune cells, can help to target the dysregulated immune system of people who live in a much too inactive society.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences 1, University of São Paulo (ICB1-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Peter Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, CANADA
| | - Graham Landells
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, CANADA
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, CANADA
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Univ Lyon, CNRS 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Batatinha
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences 1, University of São Paulo (ICB1-USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil
- University of Coimbra, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jana Palmowski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Richard J Simpson
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness; Department of Pediatrics; Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany
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Lira FS, Pereira T, Guerra Minuzzi L, Figueiredo C, Olean-Oliveira T, Figueira Freire APC, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Caseiro A, Thomatieli-Santos RV, Dos Santos VR, Gobbo LA, Seelaender M, Krüger K, Pinho RA, Rosa-Neto JC, de Alencar Silva BS. Modulatory Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Immune Responses and General Clinical Functions in Adult Patients with Mild to Moderate SARS-CoV-2 Infections-A Protocol for an Observational Prospective Follow-Up Investigation: Fit-COVID-19 Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182413249. [PMID: 34948858 PMCID: PMC8706935 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: This proposal aims to explain some of the gaps in scientific knowledge on the natural history of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with a specific focus on immune, inflammatory, and metabolic markers, in parallel with temporal assessment of clinical and mental health in patients with COVID-19. The study will explore the temporal modulatory effects of physical activity and body composition on individual trajectories. This approach will provide a better understanding of the survival mechanisms provided by the immunomodulatory role of physical fitness. Methods: We will conduct a prospective observational cohort study including adult patients previously infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus who have expressed a mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Procedures will be conducted for all participants at baseline, six weeks after vaccination, and again at 12 months. At each visit, a venous blood sample will be collected for immune phenotypic characterization and biochemistry assays (inflammatory and metabolic parameters). Also, body composition, physical activity level, cardiovascular and pulmonary function, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, and mental health will be evaluated. Using the baseline information, participants will be grouped based on physical activity levels (sedentary versus active), body composition (normal weight versus overweight or obese), and SARS-CoV-2 status (positive versus negative). A sub-study will provide mechanistic evidence using an in-vitro assay based on well-trained individuals and age-matched sedentary controls who are negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whole blood will be stimulated using recombinant human coronavirus to determine the cytokine profile. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy well-trained participants will be collected and treated with homologous serum (from the main study; samples collected before and after the vaccine) and recombinant coronavirus (inactive virus). The metabolism of PBMCs will be analyzed using Respirometry (Seahorse). Data will be analyzed using multilevel repeated-measures ANOVA. Conclusions: The data generated will help us answer three main questions: (1) Does the innate immune system of physically active individuals respond better to viral infections compared with that of sedentary people? (2) which functional and metabolic mechanisms explain the differences in responses in participants with different physical fitness levels? and (3) do these mechanisms have long-term positive modulatory effects on mental and cardiovascular health? Trial registration number: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5dqvkv3. Registered on 21 September 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (C.F.); (T.O.-O.); (B.S.d.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Telmo Pereira
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.P.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (C.F.); (T.O.-O.); (B.S.d.A.S.)
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (C.F.); (T.O.-O.); (B.S.d.A.S.)
| | - Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (C.F.); (T.O.-O.); (B.S.d.A.S.)
| | | | - Manuel João Coelho-e-Silva
- Centro de Investigação do Desporto e da Atividade Física, Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra, CIDAF, 3030-779 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Armando Caseiro
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.P.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (V.R.D.S.); (L.A.G.)
| | - Luis Alberto Gobbo
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (V.R.D.S.); (L.A.G.)
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, LIM26-HC, FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 11000-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Parana, Curitiba 80000-000, PR, Brazil;
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 01000-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (C.F.); (T.O.-O.); (B.S.d.A.S.)
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Padilha CS, Figueiredo C, Minuzzi LG, Chimin P, Deminice R, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. Immunometabolic responses according to physical fitness status and lifelong exercise during aging: New roads for exercise immunology. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101341. [PMID: 33839332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecules such as cytokines, energetic substrates, and hormones found in the immune cell environment, especially lymphocytes and monocytes, are crucial for directing energy metabolism. In turn, changes in energy metabolism occur in a synchronized manner with the activation of certain signaling pathways, thereby this crosstalk is responsible for determining the functionality of immune cells. The immunometabolism field has grown over time and that is becoming increasingly promising in several populations; here we discuss the mechanisms involved in sedentary and physically active middle-aged individuals and master athletes. In this context, this review shows that the physical activity status and lifelong exercise seems to be good strategies for the promotion of metabolic and functional adaptations in T lymphocytes and monocytes, counteracting inflammatory environments caused by expanded adipose tissue and sedentary behavior, as well as delaying the immunosenescence caused by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Exercise, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Exercise, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Institute of Sports Science, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Dorneles GP, Lira FS, Romão PRT, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Peres A, Antunes BM. Levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in men exerts strong impact on lymphocyte function after mitogen stimulation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1133-1142. [PMID: 33630676 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01051.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationship between lymphocyte function and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is well-documented at rest; however, upon mitogen stimulation the proliferation and cytokine production alters, but knowledge is incipient about lymphocyte responses after mitogen stimulus according to CRF. So, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the lymphocyte function according to the physical fitness status of healthy young men. The study is divided in two experiments being the first analyzing the lymphocyte phenotypes profile and the inflammatory responses, according to CRF, in lymphocyte cell cultures treated for 48 h with concanavalin A (ConA). The second experiment analyzed the proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, viability, and mitochondrial polarization state in lymphocytes treated with ConA in different concentrations, considering the CRF levels. The results showed a difference in the percentage of total lymphocytes expression between groups (P = 0.011) observing a lower lymphocytes T expression in the group with high maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) when compared with the moderate V̇o2max group. When treated with ConA, the lymphocytes of the low V̇o2max group released higher TNF-α concentration (P = 0.032), reflecting an elevated TNF-α/IL-10 ratio (P = 0.055), parallel with lower IL-6 production (P = 0.027), mainly when compared with the moderate V̇o2max group. In addition, there is a positive relationship between V̇o2max and IL-6 production (r = 0.507; P = 0.016), whereas the percentage of total lymphocytes (LyT%) shows a negative trend with V̇o2max (r = -0.497; P = 0.060). Also, individuals with lower V̇o2max showed reduced absolute and relative ROS production, lower cell proliferation, and higher mitochondrial membrane depolarization. In conclusion, cardiorespiratory fitness degree exerts a strong impact on lymphocyte function after mitogen stimulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The innovation of the research is to elucidate the impact of different physical fitness status on metabolism, cell proliferation, and lymphocyte activity and, consequently, on the specific inflammatory response against a mitogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson P Dorneles
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
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9
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Gerosa-Neto J, Monteiro PA, Inoue DS, Antunes BM, Batatinha H, Dorneles GP, Peres A, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. High- and moderate-intensity training modify LPS-induced ex-vivo interleukin-10 production in obese men in response to an acute exercise bout. Cytokine 2020; 136:155249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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de Souza Teixeira AA, Lira FS, Rosa-Neto JC. Aging with rhythmicity. Is it possible? Physical exercise as a pacemaker. Life Sci 2020; 261:118453. [PMID: 32956663 PMCID: PMC7500276 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with gradual decline in numerous physiological processes, including a reduction in metabolic functions and immunological system. The circadian rhythm plays a vital role in health, and prolonged clock disruptions are associated with chronic diseases. The relationships between clock genes, aging, and immunosenescence are not well understood. Inflammation is an immune response triggered in living organisms in response to the danger associated with pathogens and injury. The term 'inflammaging' has been used to describe the chronic low-grade-inflammation that develops with advancing age and predicts susceptibility to age-related pathologies. Equilibrium between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines is needed for healthy aging and longevity. Sedentary and poor nutrition style life indices a disruption in circadian rhythm promoting an increase in pro-inflammatory factors or leads for chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, signals mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, might accentuate of the muscle loss during aging. Circadian clock is important to maintain the physiological functions, as maintenance of immune system. A strategy for imposes rhythmicity in the physiological systems may be adopted of exercise training routine. The lifelong regular practice of physical exercise decelerates the processes of aging, providing better quality and prolongation of life. Thus, in this review, we will focus on how aging affects circadian rhythms and its relationship to inflammatory processes (inflammaging), as well as the role of physical exercise as a regulator of the circadian rhythm, promoting aging with rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Antunes BM, Rosa-Neto JC, Batatinha HAP, Franchini E, Teixeira AM, Lira FS. Physical fitness status modulates the inflammatory proteins in peripheral blood and circulating monocytes: role of PPAR-gamma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14094. [PMID: 32839476 PMCID: PMC7445279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolic and molecular profile according to physical fitness status (Low or High VO2max) and its impacts on peripheral and cellular inflammatory responses in healthy men. First (Phase I), inflammatory profile (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) was analyzed at baseline and post-acute exercise sessions performed at low (< 60% VO2max) and high (> 90% VO2max) intensities considering the individual endotoxin concentrations. Next (Phase II), monocyte cell cultures were treated with LPS alone or associated with Rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist drug) to analyze cytokine production and gene expression. Monocyte subsets were also evaluated by flow cytometry. A positive relationship was observed between LPS concentrations and oxygen uptake (VO2max) (r = 0.368; p = 0.007); however, in the post-exercise an inverse correlation was found between LPS variation (Δ%) and VO2max (r = -0.385; p = 0.004). With the low-intensity exercise session, there was inverse correlation between LPS and IL-6 concentrations post-exercise (r = -0.505; p = 0.046) and a positive correlation with IL-10 in the recovery (1 h post) (r = 0.567; p = 0.011), whereas with the high-intensity exercise an inverse correlation was observed with IL-6 at pre-exercise (r = -0.621; p = 0.013) and recovery (r = -0.574; p = 0.016). When monocyte cells were treated with LPS, High VO2max individuals showed higher PPAR-γ gene expression whereas Low VO2max individuals displayed higher IL-10 production. Additionally, higher TLR-4, IKK1, and PGC-1α gene expression were observed in the High VO2max group than Low VO2max individuals. In conclusion, even with elevated endotoxemia, individuals with High VO2max exhibited higher IL-6 concentration in peripheral blood post-acute aerobic exercise and lower IL-10 concentration during recovery (1 h post-exercise). The anti-inflammatory effects linked with exercise training and physical fitness status may be explained by a greater gene expression of IKK1, TLR-4, and PGC-1α, displaying an extremely efficient cellular framework for the PPAR-γ responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Moura Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Franchini
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Research center for sport and physical activity, Faculty of sport sciences and physical education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
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12
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Cabral-Santos C, Silveira LS, Chimin P, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. Moderate aerobic exercise-induced cytokines changes are disturbed in PPARα knockout mice. Cytokine 2020; 134:155207. [PMID: 32693363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) plays a role in regulating genes involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and inflammation. We aimed to assess the role of PPARα on exercise-mediated locally produced cytokines in adipose fat deposits and skeletal muscle. C57BL/6 (WT) and PPARα knockout (PPARα-/-) mice were examined. Each genotype was randomly subdivided into three groups: non-exercised, and euthanized 2 or 24 h after a moderate aerobic exercise session (run on a treadmill at 60% of maximum speed for 1 h). Fat content in gastrocnemius muscle and lipolytic activity in isolated adipose tissue from mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal (RPAT) adipose tissue were evaluated. In addition, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) content were evaluated by ELISA. WT mice showed a maximum lipolysis rate, as well as higher IL-6, IL-10, and IL10/TNF-α ratio values 2 h post-exercise (RPAT only) compared with PPARα-/- mice. Taken together, our data suggests that PPARα knockout mice exhibited reduced lipolysis and anti-inflammatory response in adipose tissue following exercise, PPARα appears to play an important role in immunomodulatory and lipolysis signaling after acute moderate exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Loreana Sanches Silveira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Fundamentos da Educação Física, Londrina, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Lira FS, Rosa-Neto JC. Immunometabolism Disorders: Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Approaches. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:905. [PMID: 32336260 DOI: 10.2174/138161282609200423142125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - J C Rosa-Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Antunes BM, Rossi FE, Oyama LM, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. Exercise intensity and physical fitness modulate lipoproteins profile during acute aerobic exercise session. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4160. [PMID: 32139762 PMCID: PMC7058045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity has emerged as an important cardiometabolic risk factor; however, the beneficial impacts of physical exercise according physical fitness status are still unclear. To analyze the lipoproteins and immune-endocrine response to acute aerobic exercise sessions performed at different intensities according physical fitness status and evaluated the gene expression in monocyte cells. Twelve individuals, divided into Low and High VO2max, performed three randomized acute exercise sessions at low (<60% VO2max), moderate (60-75% VO2max), and high (>90% VO2max) intensities. Blood samples were collected pre, immediately post, and 60 minutes post-exercise to analyze NEFA, triacylglycerol, non-HDL-c, HDL-c, PAI-1, leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Blood samples were collected from another set of twelve individuals for use in monocyte cell cultures to analyze L-CAT, CETP, and AMPK gene expressions. Low VO2max group pre-exercise exhibited higher postprandial leptin and total cholesterol concentrations than High VO2max group (p < 0.05). Exercise performed in high-intensity promoted a decreased leptin and NEFA levels (p < 0.05, for both), but for PAI-1 levels was decreased (p < 0.05) only for the Low VO2max group. Triacylglycerol levels decreased after all exercise sessions (p < 0.05) for both groups, and HDL-c exhibited decrease during moderate-intensity (p < 0.05), but this scenario was attenuated in Low VO2max group. Low VO2max individuals exhibit some metabolic-endocrine disruption, and acute aerobic exercise sessions performed at low, moderate, and high intensities are capable of modulating metabolic-endocrine parameters, mainly at high-intensity, in a physical fitness-dependent way, given that Low VO2max group was more responsive and seem to be able to appropriate more exercise-related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - F E Rossi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - L M Oyama
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomeical Science of University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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15
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Gewehr MCF, Silverio R, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS, Reckziegel P, Ferro ES. Peptides from Natural or Rationally Designed Sources Can Be Used in Overweight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Therapies. Molecules 2020; 25:E1093. [PMID: 32121443 PMCID: PMC7179135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are among the most prominent health problems in the modern world, mostly because they are either associated with or increase the risk of other diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and/or cancer. Most professional organizations define overweight and obesity according to individual body-mass index (BMI, weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters). Overweight is defined as individuals with BMI from 25 to 29, and obesity as individuals with BMI ≥30. Obesity is the result of genetic, behavioral, environmental, physiological, social, and cultural factors that result in energy imbalance and promote excessive fat deposition. Despite all the knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of obesity, which is considered a disease, none of the existing treatments alone or in combination can normalize blood glucose concentration and prevent debilitating complications from obesity. This review discusses some new perspectives for overweight and obesity treatments, including the use of the new orally active cannabinoid peptide Pep19, the advantage of which is the absence of undesired central nervous system effects usually experienced with other cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara C. F. Gewehr
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Renata Silverio
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Fabio S. Lira
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Reckziegel
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology (INFAR), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Emer S. Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
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Silveira LS, Biondo LA, de Souza Teixeira AA, de Lima Junior EA, Castoldi A, Câmara NOS, Festuccia WT, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. Macrophage immunophenotype but not anti-inflammatory profile is modulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in exercised obese mice. Exerc Immunol Rev 2020; 26:10-22. [PMID: 32139355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Moderate aerobic training may be therapeutic for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases due to the associated anti-inflammatory response that is mediated by immune cells. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates the M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) polarization, as well as the immunometabolic response of macrophages. Against this background, the present study seeks to clarify whether the conditional deletion of PPARγ in macrophages would have any effect on the anti-inflammatory role of moderate aerobic training. To test this hypothesis, two mice strains were used: PPARγ LyzCre+/+ (KO) and littermates control animals (WT). Each genotype was divided into 1) sedentary high-fat diet (HF) and 2) high-fat diet and moderate aerobic training (HFT) (n = 5-8 per group). The experimental protocol lasted for 12 weeks, comprising 4 weeks of HF diet only and 8 weeks of HF diet and aerobic training (5 times/week, 50-60 minutes/day at 60% of maximum speed). Metabolic analyses were carried out on the serum glucose homeostase, adipose tissue morphology and cytokine content, and macrophage cytokine production.Immunophenotyping and gene expression were also performed. KO male mice were more prone to hypertrophy in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, though only the IL-1β (p = 0.0049) was higher compared to the values observed in WT animals. Peritoneal macrophages from KO animals exhibited a marked inflammatory environment with an increase in TNF-α (p = 0.0008), IL- 1β (p = 0.0017), and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The moderate aerobic training protected both genotypes from weight gain and reduced the caloric intake in the KO animals. Despite the attenuation of the M2 marker CD206 (p < 0.001) in the absence of PPAR-γ, the aerobic training modulated cytokine production in LPS stimulated peritoneal macrophages from both genotypes, reducing proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α (p = 0.0002) and IL-6 (p < 0.0001). Overall, our findings demonstrate the essential role of PPARγ in macrophage immunophenotypes. However, the deletion of PPARγ did not inhibit the exercise-mediated anti-inflammatory effect, underscoring the important role of exercise in modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreana Sanches Silveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Amorim Biondo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Alves de Lima Junior
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Willian T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Yamashita AS, das Neves RX, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FDS, Batista ML, Alcantara PS, Otoch JP, Seelaender M. White adipose tissue IFN-γ expression and signalling along the progression of rodent cancer cachexia. Cytokine 2017; 89:122-126. [PMID: 26987263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cancer. The White adipose tissue (WAT) synthesizes and releases several pro-inflammatory cytokines that play a role in cancer cachexia-related systemic inflammation. IFN-γ is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates several immune and metabolic functions. To assess whether IFN-γ signalling in different WAT pads is modified along cancer-cachexia progression, we evaluated IFN-γ receptors expression (IFNGR1 and IFNGR2) and IFN-γ protein expression in a rodent model of cachexia (7, 10, and 14days after tumour implantation). IFN-γ protein expression was heterogeneously modulated in WAT, with increases in the mesenteric pad and decreased levels in the retroperitoneal depot along cachexia progression. Ifngr1 was up-regulated 7days after tumour cell injection in mesenteric and epididymal WAT, but the retroperitoneal depot showed reduced Ifngr1 gene expression. Ifngr2 gene expression was increased 7 and 14days after tumour inoculation in mesenteric WAT. The results provide evidence that changes in IFN-γ expression and signalling may be perceived at stages preceding refractory cachexia, and therefore, might be employed as a means to assess the early stage of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Shimura Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Xavier das Neves
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Dos Santos Lira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Luís Batista
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Center for Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Alcantara
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Surgery, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Surgery, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Monteiro PA, Campos EZ, de Oliveira FP, Peres FP, Rosa-Neto JC, Pimentel GD, Lira FS. Modulation of inflammatory response arising from high-intensity intermittent and concurrent strength training in physically active males. Cytokine 2016; 91:104-109. [PMID: 28043028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine: (i) the extent of an acute session of high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) followed by a concurrent strength session (Conc) on the increase of systemic inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and (ii) whether eight weeks of high intensity interval training plus concurrent strength training alters the acute inflammatory response and immune status. Ten recreationally active males (aged 26.9±4.3years) performed two experimental exercise sessions interspersed by eight weeks of HIIT plus concurrent strength training. The experimental exercise session was composed of a 5-km run on a treadmill (1:1 at 100% of maximal aerobic speed (MAS)), and after 10min of passive recovery, back squat exercises were performed (80% 1RM, four sets until exhaustion). Serum samples were collected after fasting, pre-HIIE, post-HIIE, Pre-Conc, Post-Conc, and 30 and 60min post-exercise session. The comparison between both concurrent exercise sessions was performed using repeated measure ANOVA, with the Bonferroni Post-hoc when necessary. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) presented a moment effect (F=6.72; p<0.05), with Post-Conc significantly higher than pre-HIIE, Post-HIIE, and 60min, only a tendency was found between pre-HIIE and post-HIIE (difference=-5.99; p=0.09). MCP-1 and IL-1ra did not present effects for condition, moment, or interaction. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) presented both moment and interaction effects (F=5.31 and 2.50; p=0.005 and 0.036). Pre-Conc and Post-Conc were significantly higher than Pre-HIIE. The interaction between before and after eight weeks of concurrent training probably occurred at Post-Conc (11.42±3.09pgmL-1 and 8.88±1.29pgmL-1). In addition, maintenance of immune function was observed. Therefore, HIIE and concurrent strength exercise lead to an increase in cytokines response, but eight weeks of training program promoted anti-inflammatory response after an acute session of concurrent exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alves Monteiro
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Center and Prescription Motor Activity Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Zapaterra Campos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flaviane Poleto de Oliveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Pimentel
- Laboratório de Investigação em Nutrição Clínica e Esportiva (Labince), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Neves RX, Rosa-Neto JC, Yamashita AS, Matos-Neto EM, Riccardi DMR, Lira FS, Batista ML, Seelaender M. White adipose tissue cells and the progression of cachexia: inflammatory pathways. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:193-203. [PMID: 27493872 PMCID: PMC4864177 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a systemic syndrome leading to body wasting, systemic inflammation, and to metabolic chaos. It is a progressive condition, and little is known about its dynamics. Detection of the early signs of the disease may lead to the attenuation of the associated symptoms. The white adipose tissue is an organ with endocrine functions, capable of synthesising and secreting a plethora of proteins, including cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines. It is well established that different adipose tissue depots demonstrate heterogeneous responses to physiological and pathological stimuli. The present study aimed at providing insight into adipocyte involvement in inflammation along the progression of cachexia. METHODS Eight-weeks-old male rats were subcutaneously inoculated with a Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cell suspension (2 × 10(7) cells in 1.0 mL; tumour-bearing, T) or Phosphate-buffered saline (control, C). The retroperitoneal, epididymal, and mesenteric adipose pads were excised on Days 0, 7, and 14 post-tumour cell injection, and the adipocytes were isolated. RESULTS Mesenteric and epididymal adipocytes showed up-regulation of IL-1β protein expression and activation of the inflammasome pathway, contributing for whole tissue inflammation. The stromal vascular fraction of the retroperitoneal adipose tissue, on the other hand, seems to be the major contributor for the inflammation in this specific pad. CONCLUSION Adipocytes seem to play a relevant role in the establishment of white adipose tissue inflammation, through the activation of the NF-κB and inflammasome pathways. In epididymal adipocytes, induction of the inflammasome may be detected already on Day 7 post-tumour cell inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex S Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio S Lira
- Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University, UNESP, Presidente Prudente Brazil
| | - Miguel L Batista
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Center for Integrated Biotechnology University of Mogi das Cruzes Mogi das Cruzes Brazil
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