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Fernández-Martínez J, Ramírez-Casas Y, Aranda-Martínez P, López-Rodríguez A, Sayed RKA, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D. iMS-Bmal1 -/- mice show evident signs of sarcopenia that are counteracted by exercise and melatonin therapies. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12912. [PMID: 37702245 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related disease characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function and, therefore, a deterioration in skeletal muscle health and frailty. Although the cause of sarcopenia is still unknown and, thus, there is no treatment, increasing evidence suggests that chronodisruption, particularly alterations in Bmal1 clock gene, can lead to those deficits culminating in sarcopenia. To gain insight into the cause and mechanism of sarcopenia and the protective effect of a therapeutic intervention with exercise and/or melatonin, the gastrocnemius muscles of male and female skeletal muscle-specific and inducible Bmal1 knockout mice (iMS-Bmal1-/- ) were examined by phenotypic tests and light and electron microscopy. Our results revealed a disruption of the normal activity/rest rhythm, a drop in skeletal muscle function and mass, and increased frailty in male and female iMS-Bmal1-/- animals compared to controls. A reduction in muscle fiber size and increased collagenous tissue were also detected, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and a compensatory shift towards a more oxidative fiber type. Electron microscopy further supports mitochondrial impairment in mutant mice. Melatonin and exercise ameliorated the damage caused by loss of Bmal1 in mutant mice, except for mitochondrial damage, which was worsened by the latter. Thus, iMS-Bmal1-/- mice let us to identify Bmal1 deficiency as the responsible for the appearance of sarcopenia in the gastrocnemius muscle. Moreover, the results support the exercise and melatonin as therapeutic tools to counteract sarcopenia, by a mechanism that does not require the presence of Bmal1.
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Grants
- PI19-01372 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- CB/10/00238 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- CTS-101 Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía
- P18-RT-3222 Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía
- P18-RT-698 Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía
- Ministerio de Educación, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ramírez-Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Aranda-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba López-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramy K A Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Germaine Escames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
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2
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Acosta J, Crespo MT, Plano SA, Golombek DA, Chiesa JJ, Agostino PV. Chronic jet lag reduces motivation and affects other mood-related behaviors in male mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1225134. [PMID: 37745237 PMCID: PMC10511878 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1225134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The circadian system regulates various physiological processes such as sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, metabolism, and the reaction to both natural and drug-based rewards. Chronic disruption of the circadian system caused by unsteady synchronization with light-dark (LD) schedules, such as advancing chronic jet lag (CJL), leads to adverse physiological effects and pathologies, and is linked with changes in mood and depressive behaviors in humans and rodent models. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to circadian disruption through phase advances of 6 h every 2 days (CJL +6/2). Mice under 12:12-h LD cycle were used as controls. After 8 weeks under these conditions, a battery of behavioral tests was performed to assess if mood-related behaviors were affected. Results: Compared to controls under 24 h LD cycles, mice under CJL presented desynchronization of activity-rest rhythms that led to several behavioral impairments, including a decrease in motivation for food reward, and an increase in anxiety, anhedonia, and depressive-like behavior. Conclusion: Chronic circadian disruption, caused by an experimental CJL protocol, affects mood-related and reward-related behaviors in mice. Understanding the importance of the circadian system and its potential role for disruption due to CJL is important for maintaining good health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Acosta
- Department of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel T. Crespo
- Department of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago A. Plano
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA)/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Golombek
- Department of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo (LITERA), Universidad de San Andrés/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J. Chiesa
- Department of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia V. Agostino
- Department of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Crislip GR, Wohlgemuth SE, Wolff CA, Gutierrez-Monreal MA, Douglas CM, Ebrahimi E, Cheng KY, Masten SH, Barral D, Bryant AJ, Esser KA, Gumz ML. Apparent Absence of BMAL1-Dependent Skeletal Muscle-Kidney Cross Talk in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:261. [PMID: 35204763 PMCID: PMC8961518 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BMAL1 is a core mammalian circadian clock transcription factor responsible for the regulation of the expression of thousands of genes. Previously, male skeletal-muscle-specific BMAL1-inducible-knockout (iMS-BMAL1 KO) mice have been described as a model that exhibits an aging-like phenotype with an altered gait, reduced mobility, muscle weakness, and impaired glucose uptake. Given this aging phenotype and that chronic kidney disease is a disease of aging, the goal of this study was to determine if iMS-BMAL1 KO mice exhibit a renal phenotype. Male iMS-BMAL1 KO and control mice were challenged with a low potassium diet for five days. Both genotypes responded appropriately by conserving urinary potassium. The iMS-BMAL1 KO mice excreted less potassium during the rest phase during the normal diet but there was no genotype difference during the active phase. Next, iMS-BMAL1 KO and control mice were used to compare markers of kidney injury and assess renal function before and after a phase advance protocol. Following phase advance, no differences were detected in renal mitochondrial function in iMS-BMAL1 KO mice compared to control mice. Additionally, the glomerular filtration rate and renal morphology were similar between groups in response to phase advance. Disruption of the clock in skeletal muscle tissue activates inflammatory pathways within the kidney of male mice, and there is evidence of this affecting other organs, such as the lungs. However, there were no signs of renal injury or altered function following clock disruption of skeletal muscle under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Christopher A. Wolff
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Gutierrez-Monreal
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Collin M. Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Elnaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.E.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Sarah H. Masten
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.H.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Dominique Barral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.H.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Andrew J. Bryant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (E.E.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (G.R.C.); (C.A.W.); (M.A.G.-M.); (C.M.D.); (K.-Y.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.H.M.); (D.B.)
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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4
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Bryant AJ, Ebrahimi E, Nguyen A, Wolff CA, Gumz ML, Liu AC, Esser KA. A wrinkle in time: circadian biology in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L84-L101. [PMID: 34850650 PMCID: PMC8759967 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An often overlooked element of pulmonary vascular disease is time. Cellular responses to time, which are regulated directly by the core circadian clock, have only recently been elucidated. Despite an extensive collection of data regarding the role of rhythmic contribution to disease pathogenesis (such as systemic hypertension, coronary artery, and renal disease), the roles of key circadian transcription factors in pulmonary hypertension remain understudied. This is despite a large degree of overlap in the pulmonary hypertension and circadian rhythm fields, not only including shared signaling pathways, but also cell-specific effects of the core clock that are known to result in both protective and adverse lung vessel changes. Therefore, the goal of this review is to summarize the current dialogue regarding common pathways in circadian biology, with a specific emphasis on its implications in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In this work, we emphasize specific proteins involved in the regulation of the core molecular clock while noting the circadian cell-specific changes relevant to vascular remodeling. Finally, we apply this knowledge to the optimization of medical therapy, with a focus on sleep hygiene and the role of chronopharmacology in patients with this disease. In dissecting the unique relationship between time and cellular biology, we aim to provide valuable insight into the practical implications of considering time as a therapeutic variable. Armed with this information, physicians will be positioned to more efficiently use the full four dimensions of patient care, resulting in improved morbidity and mortality of pulmonary hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elnaz Ebrahimi
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amy Nguyen
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher A. Wolff
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew C. Liu
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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5
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Riley LA, Zhang X, Douglas CM, Mijares JM, Hammers DW, Wolff CA, Wood NB, Olafson HR, Du P, Labeit S, Previs MJ, Wang ET, Esser KA. The skeletal muscle circadian clock regulates titin splicing through RBM20. eLife 2022; 11:76478. [PMID: 36047761 PMCID: PMC9473687 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are maintained by a cell-autonomous, transcriptional-translational feedback loop known as the molecular clock. While previous research suggests a role of the molecular clock in regulating skeletal muscle structure and function, no mechanisms have connected the molecular clock to sarcomere filaments. Utilizing inducible, skeletal muscle specific, Bmal1 knockout (iMSBmal1-/-) mice, we showed that knocking out skeletal muscle clock function alters titin isoform expression using RNAseq, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-vertical agarose gel electrophoresis. This alteration in titin's spring length resulted in sarcomere length heterogeneity. We demonstrate the direct link between altered titin splicing and sarcomere length in vitro using U7 snRNPs that truncate the region of titin altered in iMSBmal1-/- muscle. We identified a mechanism whereby the skeletal muscle clock regulates titin isoform expression through transcriptional regulation of Rbm20, a potent splicing regulator of titin. Lastly, we used an environmental model of circadian rhythm disruption and identified significant downregulation of Rbm20 expression. Our findings demonstrate the importance of the skeletal muscle circadian clock in maintaining titin isoform through regulation of RBM20 expression. Because circadian rhythm disruption is a feature of many chronic diseases, our results highlight a novel pathway that could be targeted to maintain skeletal muscle structure and function in a range of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance A Riley
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States,Myology Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States,Myology Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Collin M Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States,Myology Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Joseph M Mijares
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States,Myology Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - David W Hammers
- Myology Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Christopher A Wolff
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States,Myology Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Neil B Wood
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of VermontBurlingtonUnited States
| | - Hailey R Olafson
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Ping Du
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Siegfried Labeit
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Michael J Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of VermontBurlingtonUnited States
| | - Eric T Wang
- Myology Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States,Department of Molecular Genetics of Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States,Myology Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
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6
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Chen R, Weitzner AS, McKennon LA, Fonken LK. Chronic circadian phase advance in male mice induces depressive-like responses and suppresses neuroimmune activation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100337. [PMID: 34589820 PMCID: PMC8474595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered working and sleeping schedules during the COVID-19 pandemic likely impact our circadian systems. At the molecular level, clock genes form feedback inhibition loops that control 24-hr oscillations throughout the body. Importantly, core clock genes also regulate microglia, the brain resident immune cell, suggesting circadian regulation of neuroimmune function. To assess whether circadian disruption induces neuroimmune and associated behavioral changes, we mimicked chronic jetlag with a chronic phase advance (CPA) model. 32 adult male C57BL/6J mice underwent 6-hr light phase advance shifts every 3 light/dark cycles (CPA) 14 times or were maintained in standard light/dark cycles (control). CPA mice showed higher behavioral despair but not anhedonia in forced swim and sucrose preferences tests, respectively. Changes in behavior were accompanied by altered hippocampal circadian genes in CPA mice. Further, CPA suppressed expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta in the hippocampus. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were elevated by CPA, suggesting that CPA may suppress neuroimmune pathways via glucocorticoids. These results demonstrate that chronic circadian disruption alters mood and neuroimmune function, which may have implications for shift working populations such as frontline health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhuo Chen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Aidan S. Weitzner
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lara A. McKennon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Laura K. Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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7
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Abo SMC, Layton AT. Modeling the circadian regulation of the immune system: Sexually dimorphic effects of shift work. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008514. [PMID: 33788832 PMCID: PMC8041207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock exerts significance influence on the immune system and disruption of circadian rhythms has been linked to inflammatory pathologies. Shift workers often experience circadian misalignment as their irregular work schedules disrupt the natural light-dark cycle, which in turn can cause serious health problems associated with alterations in genetic expressions of clock genes. In particular, shift work is associated with impairment in immune function, and those alterations are sex-specific. The goal of this study is to better understand the mechanisms that explain the weakened immune system in shift workers. To achieve that goal, we have constructed a mathematical model of the mammalian pulmonary circadian clock coupled to an acute inflammation model in the male and female rats. Shift work was simulated by an 8h-phase advance of the circadian system with sex-specific modulation of clock genes. The model reproduces the clock gene expression in the lung and the immune response to various doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Under normal conditions, our model predicts that a host is more sensitive to LPS at circadian time (CT) CT12 versus CT0 due to a dynamic change of Interleukin 10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine. We identify REV-ERB as a key modulator of IL-10 activity throughout the circadian day. The model also predicts a reversal of the times of lowest and highest sensitivity to LPS, with males and females exhibiting an exaggerated response to LPS at CT0, which is countered by a blunted immune response at CT12. Overall, females produce fewer pro-inflammatory cytokines than males, but the extent of sequelae experienced by males and females varies across the circadian day. This model can serve as an essential component in an integrative model that will yield mechanistic understanding of how shift work-mediated circadian disruptions affect the inflammatory and other physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie M. C. Abo
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita T. Layton
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Cheriton School of Computer Science, and School of Pharmacology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Aiello I, Fedele MLM, Román F, Marpegan L, Caldart C, Chiesa JJ, Golombek DA, Finkielstein CV, Paladino N. Circadian disruption promotes tumor-immune microenvironment remodeling favoring tumor cell proliferation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/42/eaaz4530. [PMID: 33055171 PMCID: PMC7556830 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian disruption negatively affects physiology, posing a global health threat that manifests in proliferative, metabolic, and immune diseases, among others. Because outputs of the circadian clock regulate daily fluctuations in the immune response, we determined whether circadian disruption results in tumor-associated immune cell remodeling, facilitating tumor growth. Our findings show that tumor growth rate increased and latency decreased under circadian disruption conditions compared to normal light-dark (LD) schedules in a murine melanoma model. Circadian disruption induced the loss or inversion of daily patterns of M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages and cytokine levels in spleen and tumor tissues. Circadian disruption also induced (i) deregulation of rhythmic expression of clock genes and (ii) of cyclin genes in the liver, (iii) increased CcnA2 levels in the tumor, and (iv) dampened expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF/CIP1 , all of which contribute to a proliferative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Aiello
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M L Mul Fedele
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Román
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Marpegan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Caldart
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J J Chiesa
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D A Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - C V Finkielstein
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - N Paladino
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Bartman CM, Matveyenko A, Prakash YS. It's about time: clocks in the developing lung. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:39-50. [PMID: 31895049 DOI: 10.1172/jci130143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of peripheral intracellular clocks revealed circadian oscillations of clock genes and their targets in all cell types, including those in the lung, sparking exploration of clocks in lung disease pathophysiology. While the focus has been on the role of these clocks in adult airway diseases, clock biology is also likely to be important in perinatal lung development, where it has received far less attention. Historically, fetal circadian rhythms have been considered irrelevant owing to lack of external light exposure, but more recent insights into peripheral clock biology raise questions of clock emergence, its concordance with tissue-specific structure/function, the interdependence of clock synchrony and functionality in perinatal lung development, and the possibility of lung clocks in priming the fetus for postnatal life. Understanding the perinatal molecular clock may unravel mechanistic targets for chronic airway disease across the lifespan. With current research providing more questions than answers, it is about time to investigate clocks in the developing lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Hartsock MJ, Spencer RL. Memory and the circadian system: Identifying candidate mechanisms by which local clocks in the brain may regulate synaptic plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:134-162. [PMID: 32712278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is an endogenous biological network responsible for coordinating near-24-h cycles in behavior and physiology with daily timing cues from the external environment. In this review, we explore how the circadian system regulates memory formation, retention, and recall. Circadian rhythms in these memory processes may arise through several endogenous pathways, and recent work highlights the importance of genetic timekeepers found locally within tissues, called local clocks. We evaluate the circadian memory literature for evidence of local clock involvement in memory, identifying potential nodes for direct interactions between local clock components and mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. Our discussion illustrates how local clocks may pervasively modulate neuronal plastic capacity, a phenomenon that we designate here as circadian metaplasticity. We suggest that this function of local clocks supports the temporal optimization of memory processes, illuminating the potential for circadian therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hartsock
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
| | - Robert L Spencer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
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11
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Refinetti R. Circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and metabolism. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:321-362. [PMID: 33251281 PMCID: PMC7678948 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1743605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on the circadian rhythms of body temperature and whole-organism metabolism. The two rhythms are first described separately, each description preceded by a review of research methods. Both rhythms are generated endogenously but can be affected by exogenous factors. The relationship between the two rhythms is discussed next. In endothermic animals, modulation of metabolic activity can affect body temperature, but the rhythm of body temperature is not a mere side effect of the rhythm of metabolic thermogenesis associated with general activity. The circadian system modulates metabolic heat production to generate the body temperature rhythm, which challenges homeothermy but does not abolish it. Individual cells do not regulate their own temperature, but the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism at the cellular level is also discussed. Metabolism is both an output of and an input to the circadian clock, meaning that circadian rhythmicity and metabolism are intertwined in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Refinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
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12
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Good CH, Brager AJ, Capaldi VF, Mysliwiec V. Sleep in the United States Military. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:176-191. [PMID: 31185484 PMCID: PMC6879759 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The military lifestyle often includes continuous operations whether in training or deployed environments. These stressful environments present unique challenges for service members attempting to achieve consolidated, restorative sleep. The significant mental and physical derangements caused by degraded metabolic, cardiovascular, skeletomuscular, and cognitive health often result from insufficient sleep and/or circadian misalignment. Insufficient sleep and resulting fatigue compromises personal safety, mission success, and even national security. In the long-term, chronic insufficient sleep and circadian rhythm disorders have been associated with other sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and parasomnias). Other physiologic and psychologic diagnoses such as post-traumatic stress disorder, cardiovascular disease, and dementia have also been associated with chronic, insufficient sleep. Increased co-morbidity and mortality are compounded by traumatic brain injury resulting from blunt trauma, blast exposure, and highly physically demanding tasks under load. We present the current state of science in human and animal models specific to service members during- and post-military career. We focus on mission requirements of night shift work, sustained operations, and rapid re-entrainment to time zones. We then propose targeted pharmacological and non-pharmacological countermeasures to optimize performance that are mission- and symptom-specific. We recognize a critical gap in research involving service members, but provide tailored interventions for military health care providers based on the large body of research in health care and public service workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron H. Good
- 0000 0001 2151 958Xgrid.420282.ePhysical Scientist, US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21005 USA
| | - Allison J. Brager
- 0000 0001 0036 4726grid.420210.5Sleep Research Center, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Vincent F. Capaldi
- 0000 0001 0036 4726grid.420210.5Department of Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Vincent Mysliwiec
- 0000 0004 0467 8038grid.461685.8San Antonio Military Health System, Department of Sleep Medicine, JBSA, Lackland, TX 78234 USA
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13
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Goda T, Hamada FN. Drosophila Temperature Preference Rhythms: An Innovative Model to Understand Body Temperature Rhythms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081988. [PMID: 31018551 PMCID: PMC6514862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human body temperature increases during wakefulness and decreases during sleep. The body temperature rhythm (BTR) is a robust output of the circadian clock and is fundamental for maintaining homeostasis, such as generating metabolic energy and sleep, as well as entraining peripheral clocks in mammals. However, the mechanisms that regulate BTR are largely unknown. Drosophila are ectotherms, and their body temperatures are close to ambient temperature; therefore, flies select a preferred environmental temperature to set their body temperature. We identified a novel circadian output, the temperature preference rhythm (TPR), in which the preferred temperature in flies increases during the day and decreases at night. TPR, thereby, produces a daily BTR. We found that fly TPR shares many features with mammalian BTR. We demonstrated that diuretic hormone 31 receptor (DH31R) mediates Drosophila TPR and that the closest mouse homolog of DH31R, calcitonin receptor (Calcr), is essential for mice BTR. Importantly, both TPR and BTR are regulated in a distinct manner from locomotor activity rhythms, and neither DH31R nor Calcr regulates locomotor activity rhythms. Our findings suggest that DH31R/Calcr is an ancient and specific mediator of BTR. Thus, understanding fly TPR will provide fundamental insights into the molecular and neural mechanisms that control BTR in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Goda
- Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Fumika N Hamada
- Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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14
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Goda T, Doi M, Umezaki Y, Murai I, Shimatani H, Chu ML, Nguyen VH, Okamura H, Hamada FN. Calcitonin receptors are ancient modulators for rhythms of preferential temperature in insects and body temperature in mammals. Genes Dev 2018; 32:140-155. [PMID: 29440246 PMCID: PMC5830927 DOI: 10.1101/gad.307884.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Goda et al. provide molecular evidence that body temperature rhythm (BTR) is regulated distinctly from locomotor activity rhythms and show that diuretic hormone 31 receptor/calcitonin receptor is an ancient specific mediator of BTR during the active phase in organisms ranging from ectotherms to endotherms. Daily body temperature rhythm (BTR) is essential for maintaining homeostasis. BTR is regulated separately from locomotor activity rhythms, but its molecular basis is largely unknown. While mammals internally regulate BTR, ectotherms, including Drosophila, exhibit temperature preference rhythm (TPR) behavior to regulate BTR. Here, we demonstrate that the diuretic hormone 31 receptor (DH31R) mediates TPR during the active phase in Drosophila. DH31R is expressed in clock cells, and its ligand, DH31, acts on clock cells to regulate TPR during the active phase. Surprisingly, the mouse homolog of DH31R, calcitonin receptor (Calcr), is expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and mediates body temperature fluctuations during the active phase in mice. Importantly, DH31R and Calcr are not required for coordinating locomotor activity rhythms. Our results represent the first molecular evidence that BTR is regulated distinctly from locomotor activity rhythms and show that DH31R/Calcr is an ancient specific mediator of BTR during the active phase in organisms ranging from ectotherms to endotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Goda
- Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yujiro Umezaki
- Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Iori Murai
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimatani
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Michelle L Chu
- Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Victoria H Nguyen
- Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumika N Hamada
- Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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15
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Goldstein CA, O’Brien LM, Bergin IL, Saunders TL. The effect of repeated light-dark shifts on uterine receptivity and early gestation in mice undergoing embryo transfer. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2017; 64:103-111. [DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1408715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy A. Goldstein
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System
| | - Louise M. O’Brien
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan Health System, Von Voigtlander Women’s Hospital
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan Health System
| | - Ingrid L. Bergin
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - Thomas L. Saunders
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI,USA
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16
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Fan W, Caiyan L, Ling Z, Jiayun Z. Aberrant rhythmic expression of cryptochrome2 regulates the radiosensitivity of rat gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77809-77818. [PMID: 29100427 PMCID: PMC5652816 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of the clock regulatory protein cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) in determining the radiosensitivity of C6 glioma cells in a rat model. We observed that Cry2 mRNA and protein levels showed aberrant rhythmic periodicity of 8 h in glioma tissues, compared to 24 h in normal brain tissue. Cry2 mRNA and protein levels did not respond to irradiation in normal tissues, but both were increased at the ZT4 (low Cry2) and ZT8 (high Cry2) time points in gliomas. Immunohistochemical staining of PCNA and TUNEL assays demonstrated that high Cry2 expression in glioma tissues was associated with increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that glioma cell fate was independent of p53, but was probably dependent on p73, which was more highly expressed at ZT4 (low Cry2) than at ZT8 (high Cry2). Levels of both p53 and p73 were unaffected by irradiation in normal brain tissues. These findings suggest aberrant rhythmic expression of Cry2 influence on radiosensitivity in rat gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Li Caiyan
- The Center of Cancer Prevention, The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Zhu Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Zhao Jiayun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
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17
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Iggena D, Winter Y, Steiner B. Melatonin restores hippocampal neural precursor cell proliferation and prevents cognitive deficits induced by jet lag simulation in adult mice. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28178375 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Frequent flyers and shift workers undergo circadian dysrhythmia with adverse impact on body and mind. The circadian rhythm disorder "jet lag" disturbs hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial cognition, which represent morphological and functional adult brain plasticity. This raises the question if pro-neurogenic stimuli might prevent those consequences. However, suitable measures to mitigate jet lag-induced adverse effects on brain plasticity have been neglected so far. Here, we used adult C57Bl6 mice to investigate the pro-neurogenic stimuli melatonin (8 mg/kg i.p.) as well as environmental enrichment as potential measures. We applied photoperiod alterations to simulate "jet lag" by shortening the dark period every third day by 6 hours for 3 weeks. We found that "jet lag" simulation reduced hippocampal neural precursor cell proliferation by 24% and impaired spatial memory performance in the water maze indicated by a prolonged swim path to the target (~23%). While melatonin prevented both the cellular (~1%) as well as the cognitive deficits (~5%), environmental enrichment only preserved precursor cell proliferation (~12%). Our results indicate that lifestyle interventions are insufficient to completely compensate jet lag-induced consequences. Instead, melatonin is required to prevent cognitive impairment caused by the same environmental factors to which frequent flyers and shift workers are typically exposed to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deetje Iggena
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - York Winter
- Deparment of Neurobiology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Schroder E, Hodge B, Riley L, Zhang X, Esser K. Reply from Elizabeth Schroder, Brian Hodge, Lance Riley, Xiping Zhang and Karyn Esser. J Physiol 2016; 594:3163-4. [DOI: 10.1113/jp272165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Schroder
- Center for Muscle Biology and Department of Physiology; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky; Lexington KY USA
| | - Brian Hodge
- Center for Muscle Biology and Department of Physiology; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky; Lexington KY USA
| | - Lance Riley
- Center for Muscle Biology and Department of Physiology; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky; Lexington KY USA
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Center for Muscle Biology and Department of Physiology; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky; Lexington KY USA
| | - Karyn Esser
- Center for Muscle Biology and Department of Physiology; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky; Lexington KY USA
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19
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Udoh US, Valcin JA, Gamble KL, Bailey SM. The Molecular Circadian Clock and Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2504-37. [PMID: 26473939 PMCID: PMC4693245 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from both experimental animal studies and clinical human investigations demonstrates strong connections among circadian processes, alcohol use, and alcohol-induced tissue injury. Components of the circadian clock have been shown to influence the pathophysiological effects of alcohol. Conversely, alcohol may alter the expression of circadian clock genes and the rhythmic behavioral and metabolic processes they regulate. Therefore, we propose that alcohol-mediated disruption in circadian rhythms likely underpins many adverse health effects of alcohol that cut across multiple organ systems. In this review, we provide an overview of the circadian clock mechanism and showcase results from new studies in the alcohol field implicating the circadian clock as a key target of alcohol action and toxicity in the liver. We discuss various molecular events through which alcohol may work to negatively impact circadian clock-mediated processes in the liver, and contribute to tissue pathology. Illuminating the mechanistic connections between the circadian clock and alcohol will be critical to the development of new preventative and pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorders and alcohol-mediated organ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uduak S Udoh
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Valcin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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20
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Sundar IK, Yao H, Sellix MT, Rahman I. Circadian molecular clock in lung pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1056-75. [PMID: 26361874 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00152.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted daily or circadian rhythms of lung function and inflammatory responses are common features of chronic airway diseases. At the molecular level these circadian rhythms depend on the activity of an autoregulatory feedback loop oscillator of clock gene transcription factors, including the BMAL1:CLOCK activator complex and the repressors PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME. The key nuclear receptors and transcription factors REV-ERBα and RORα regulate Bmal1 expression and provide stability to the oscillator. Circadian clock dysfunction is implicated in both immune and inflammatory responses to environmental, inflammatory, and infectious agents. Molecular clock function is altered by exposomes, tobacco smoke, lipopolysaccharide, hyperoxia, allergens, bleomycin, as well as bacterial and viral infections. The deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates the timing of the clock through acetylation of BMAL1 and PER2 and controls the clock-dependent functions, which can also be affected by environmental stressors. Environmental agents and redox modulation may alter the levels of REV-ERBα and RORα in lung tissue in association with a heightened DNA damage response, cellular senescence, and inflammation. A reciprocal relationship exists between the molecular clock and immune/inflammatory responses in the lungs. Molecular clock function in lung cells may be used as a biomarker of disease severity and exacerbations or for assessing the efficacy of chronotherapy for disease management. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of clock-controlled cellular and molecular functions in the lungs and highlight the repercussions of clock disruption on the pathophysiology of chronic airway diseases and their exacerbations. Furthermore, we highlight the potential for the molecular clock as a novel chronopharmacological target for the management of lung pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Michael T Sellix
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
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21
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Coomans CP, Lucassen EA, Kooijman S, Fifel K, Deboer T, Rensen PCN, Michel S, Meijer JH. Plasticity of circadian clocks and consequences for metabolism. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 Suppl 1:65-75. [PMID: 26332970 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of metabolic disorders and obesity in modern society, together with the widespread use of artificial light at night, have led researchers to investigate whether altered patterns of light exposure contribute to metabolic disorders. This article discusses the experimental evidence that perturbed environmental cycles induce rhythm disorders in the circadian system, thus leading to metabolic disorders. This notion is generally supported by animal studies. Distorted environmental cycles, including continuous exposure to light, affect the neuronal organization of the central circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), its waveform and amplitude of the rhythm in electrical activity. Moreover, repeated exposure to a shifted light cycle or the application of dim light at night are environmental cues that cause a change in SCN function. The effects on the SCN waveform are the result of changes in synchronization among the SCN's neuronal cell population, which lead consistently to metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of sleep deprivation and the time of feeding on metabolism, as these factors are associated with exposure to disturbed environmental cycles. Finally, we suggest that these experimental studies reveal a causal relationship between the rhythm disorders and the metabolic disorders observed in epidemiological studies performed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Coomans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - E A Lucassen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - K Fifel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - T Deboer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - P C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Michel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J H Meijer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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22
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Legan SJ, Peng X, Yun C, Duncan MJ. Effect of arousing stimuli on circulating corticosterone and the circadian rhythms of luteinizing hormone (LH) surges and locomotor activity in estradiol-treated ovariectomized (ovx+EB) Syrian hamsters. Horm Behav 2015; 72:28-38. [PMID: 25958077 PMCID: PMC4466083 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In most proestrous hamsters, novel wheel exposure phase advances activity rhythms and blocks the preovulatory LH surge, which occurs 2h earlier the next day. Because wheel immobilization does not prevent these effects we hypothesized that arousal alone blocks and phase advances the LH surge. Ovariectomized (ovx) hamsters received a jugular vein cannula and estradiol benzoate (EB) or vehicle was injected sc. The next day (Day 1), at zeitgeber time (ZT) 4-5 (ZT 12 = lights off), after obtaining a blood sample, each hamster was exposed to constant darkness (DD), and either remained in her home cage or was transferred to a new cage and exposed to a running wheel or a 2-hour arousal paradigm. Blood samples were obtained in dim red light and activity was recorded hourly until ~ZT 10-11 on Days 1 and 2. For the next 1-2 weeks, activity was monitored in DD. Plasma LH and corticosterone were assessed by RIA. Novel wheel exposure or arousal at ZT 4 greatly attenuated the Day 1 LH surge in ovx+EB hamsters, and phase advanced the Day 2 LH surge by about 2h. In proestrous hamsters, novel wheel exposure led to a prolonged (>2h) increase in corticosterone levels only when LH surges were blocked. Phase advances in activity rhythms were enhanced by estradiol and arousal. The results suggest that estradiol modulates the effectiveness of non-photic stimuli. The role of the increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis associated with novel wheel-induced attenuation of LH surges in ovx+EB hamsters remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Legan
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
| | - X Peng
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
| | - C Yun
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
| | - M J Duncan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
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23
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Hodge BA, Wen Y, Riley LA, Zhang X, England JH, Harfmann BD, Schroder EA, Esser KA. The endogenous molecular clock orchestrates the temporal separation of substrate metabolism in skeletal muscle. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:17. [PMID: 26000164 PMCID: PMC4440511 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle is a major contributor to whole-body metabolism as it serves as a depot for both glucose and amino acids, and is a highly metabolically active tissue. Within skeletal muscle exists an intrinsic molecular clock mechanism that regulates the timing of physiological processes. A key function of the clock is to regulate the timing of metabolic processes to anticipate time of day changes in environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to identify metabolic genes that are expressed in a circadian manner and determine if these genes are regulated downstream of the intrinsic molecular clock by assaying gene expression in an inducible skeletal muscle-specific Bmal1 knockout mouse model (iMS-Bmal1−/−). Methods We used circadian statistics to analyze a publicly available, high-resolution time-course skeletal muscle expression dataset. Gene ontology analysis was utilized to identify enriched biological processes in the skeletal muscle circadian transcriptome. We generated a tamoxifen-inducible skeletal muscle-specific Bmal1 knockout mouse model and performed a time-course microarray experiment to identify gene expression changes downstream of the molecular clock. Wheel activity monitoring was used to assess circadian behavioral rhythms in iMS-Bmal1−/− and control iMS-Bmal1+/+ mice. Results The skeletal muscle circadian transcriptome was highly enriched for metabolic processes. Acrophase analysis of circadian metabolic genes revealed a temporal separation of genes involved in substrate utilization and storage over a 24-h period. A number of circadian metabolic genes were differentially expressed in the skeletal muscle of the iMS-Bmal1−/− mice. The iMS-Bmal1−/− mice displayed circadian behavioral rhythms indistinguishable from iMS-Bmal1+/+ mice. We also observed a gene signature indicative of a fast to slow fiber-type shift and a more oxidative skeletal muscle in the iMS-Bmal1−/− model. Conclusions These data provide evidence that the intrinsic molecular clock in skeletal muscle temporally regulates genes involved in the utilization and storage of substrates independent of circadian activity. Disruption of this mechanism caused by phase shifts (that is, social jetlag) or night eating may ultimately diminish skeletal muscle’s ability to efficiently maintain metabolic homeostasis over a 24-h period. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-015-0039-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Hodge
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, MS 508, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, MS 508, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Lance A Riley
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, MS 508, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, MS 508, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Jonathan H England
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, MS 508, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Brianna D Harfmann
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, MS 508, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, MS 508, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, MS 508, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
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Delivery of pineal melatonin to the brain and SCN: role of canaliculi, cerebrospinal fluid, tanycytes and Virchow–Robin perivascular spaces. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 219:1873-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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