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Szyller J, Antoniak R, Wadowska K, Bil-Lula I, Hrymniak B, Banasiak W, Jagielski D. Redox imbalance in patients with heart failure and ICD/CRT-D intervention. Can it be an underappreciated and overlooked arrhythmogenic factor? A first preliminary clinical study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1289587. [PMID: 38028798 PMCID: PMC10663344 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1289587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Redox imbalance and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. They also play a significant role in pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). In patients with HFand implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D), the direct current shocks may be responsible for additional redox disturbances and additionally increase arrhythmia risk. However, the precise role of oxidative stress in potentially fatal arrhythmias and shock induction remains unclear. Methods: 36 patients with diagnosed HF and implanted ICD/CRT-D were included in this study. Patients were qualified to the study group in case of registered ventricular arrhythmia and adequate ICD/CRT-D intervention. The control group consisted of patients without arrhythmia with elective replacement indicator (ERI) status. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) in erythrocyte (RBC), SOD, GPx activity and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) concentration in plasma were determined. The values were correlated with glucose, TSH, uric acid, Mg and ion concentrations. Results: In the perishock period, we found a significant decrease in RBC and extracellular (EC) SOD and RBC CAT activity (p = 0.0110, p = 0.0055 and p = 0.0002, respectively). EC GPx activity was also lower (p = 0.0313). In all patients, a decrease in the concentration of all forms of glutathione was observed compared to the ERI group. Important association between ROS/RNS and GSH, Mg, TSH and uric acid was shown. A relationship between the activity of GSH and antioxidant enzymes was found. Furthermore, an association between oxidative stress and ionic imbalance has also been demonstrated. The patients had an unchanged de Haan antioxidant ratio and glutathione redox potential. Conclusion: Here we show significant redox disturbances in patients with HF and ICD/CRT-D interventions. Oxidative stress may be an additional risk factor for the development of arrhythmia in patients with HF. The detailed role of oxidative stress in ventricular arrhythmias requires further research already undertaken by our team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Szyller
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Antoniak
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Heart Diseases, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wadowska
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bruno Hrymniak
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Heart Diseases, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Banasiak
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Heart Diseases, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jagielski
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Heart Diseases, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Carvalho de Arruda Veiga E, Ferreira Levy R, Sales Bocalini D, Maria Soares Junior J, Chada Baracat E, Carvalho Cavalli R, dos Santos L. Exercise training and experimental myocardial ischemia and reperfusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 46:101214. [PMID: 37181278 PMCID: PMC10172783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the success of interventional coronary reperfusion strategies, morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction are still substantial. Physical exercise is a well-recognized effective non-pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze studies in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion in association with physical exercise protocols. Search strategy Articles published on the topic over a 13-year period (2010-2022) were searched in two databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) using the keywords exercise training, ischemia/reperfusion or ischemia reperfusion injury. Meta-analysis and quality assessment of the studies were performed using the Review Manager 5.3 program. Results From the 238 articles retrieved from PubMed and 200 from Google Scholar, after screening and eligibility assessment, 26 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. For meta-analysis comparing the group of previously exercised animals with the non-exercised animals and then submitted to ischemia-reperfusion, the infarct size was significantly decreased by exercise (p < 0.00001). In addition, the group exercised had increased heart-to-body weight ratio (p < 0.00001) and improved ejection fraction as measured by echocardiography (p < 0.0004) in comparison to non-exercised animals. Conclusion We concluded that the animal models of ischemia-reperfusion indicates that exercise reduce infarct size and preserve ejection fraction, associated with beneficial myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Carvalho de Arruda Veiga
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo – FMRPUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author at: Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 8 andar, HCRP, Campus Universitário Ribeirão Preto São Paulo, CEP, 14049-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Danilo Sales Bocalini
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica Experimental do Centro de Educação Física e do Esporte, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Jose Maria Soares Junior
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Carvalho Cavalli
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo – FMRPUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
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3
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The effect of oestrogen supplementation on antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial respiratory function after myocardial infarction of ovariectomized rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:663-669. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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King DR, Padget RL, Perry J, Hoeker G, Smyth JW, Brown DA, Poelzing S. Elevated perfusate [Na +] increases contractile dysfunction during ischemia and reperfusion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17289. [PMID: 33057157 PMCID: PMC7560862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that relatively small changes in perfusate sodium ([Na+]o) composition significantly affect cardiac electrical conduction and stability in contraction arrested ex vivo Langendorff heart preparations before and during simulated ischemia. Additionally, [Na+]o modulates cardiomyocyte contractility via a sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) mediated pathway. It remains unknown, however, whether modest changes to [Na+]o that promote electrophysiologic stability similarly improve mechanical function during baseline and ischemia-reperfusion conditions. The purpose of this study was to quantify cardiac mechanical function during ischemia-reperfusion with perfusates containing 145 or 155 mM Na+ in Langendorff perfused isolated rat heart preparations. Relative to 145 mM Na+, perfusion with 155 mM [Na+]o decreased the amplitude of left-ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) at baseline and accelerated the onset of ischemic contracture. Inhibiting NCX with SEA0400 abolished LVDP depression caused by increasing [Na+]o at baseline and reduced the time to peak ischemic contracture. Ischemia-reperfusion decreased LVDP in all hearts with return of intrinsic activity, and reperfusion with 155 mM [Na+]o further depressed mechanical function. In summary, elevating [Na+]o by as little as 10 mM can significantly modulate mechanical function under baseline conditions, as well as during ischemia and reperfusion. Importantly, clinical use of Normal Saline, which contains 155 mM [Na+]o, with cardiac ischemia may require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ryan King
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rachel L Padget
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Justin Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Foods, and Exercise, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Gregory Hoeker
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - James W Smyth
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Foods, and Exercise, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA. .,Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA. .,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Chowdhury MA, Sholl HK, Sharrett MS, Haller ST, Cooper CC, Gupta R, Liu LC. Exercise and Cardioprotection: A Natural Defense Against Lethal Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Potential Guide to Cardiovascular Prophylaxis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:18-30. [PMID: 30041547 PMCID: PMC7236859 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418788575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Similar to ischemic preconditioning, high-intensity exercise has been shown to decrease infarct size following myocardial infarction. In this article, we review the literature on beneficial effects of exercise, exercise requirements for cardioprotection, common methods utilized in laboratories to study this phenomenon, and discuss possible mechanisms for exercise-mediated cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Andaleeb Chowdhury
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- * Mohammed Andaleeb Chowdhury, Haden K. Sholl, and Megan S. Sharrett contributed equally to this work
| | - Haden K Sholl
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- * Mohammed Andaleeb Chowdhury, Haden K. Sholl, and Megan S. Sharrett contributed equally to this work
| | - Megan S Sharrett
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Christopher C Cooper
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Lijun C Liu
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Szabó R, Börzsei D, Karácsonyi Z, Gesztelyi R, Nemes K, Berkó AM, Veszelka M, Török S, Kupai K, Varga C, Juhász B, Pósa A. Postconditioning-like effect of exercis: new paradigm in experimental menopause. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H400-H407. [PMID: 30575421 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00485.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The progression of coronary artery diseases in premenopausal women is lower than in age-matched men; however, its probability increases rapidly after menopause. The aim of our study was to investigate the postconditioning-like effects of voluntary physical exercise on postmenopausal cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. We used fertile Wistar females [control (CTRL)] and pharmacologically induced estrogen-deficient (POVX; 750 µg/kg triptorelin im, every 4th week) rats. CTRL and POVX animals were randomly assigned to receive an injection of 0.1 mg isoproterenol (ISO)/kg. At the 20th hour after ISO injection, serum markers of myocardial injury, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myoglobin, were measured. After a 3-wk resting period, ISO-treated and untreated animals were further divided into subgroups on the basis of 6 wk of physical exercise. At the end of the experiment, cardiac activity and content of the antioxidative heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme, levels of GSH and GSH + GSSG, activity of myeloperoxidase, as well as the concentration of TNF-α were determined. At the end of the experimental period, we observed a significant decrease in the activity and content of HO enzymes in POVX and POVX/ISO rats, whereas physical exercise significantly improved HO and GSH values in both CTRL and POVX rats. Furthermore, our training protocol significantly reduced the pathological levels of myeloperoxidase and TNF-α. Our findings clearly demonstrate that modulation of the HO system by voluntary physical exercise is a key process to decrease inflammatory parameters and ameliorate the antioxidative status in estrogen-deficient conditions postmyocardial injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used a noninvasive rat model of estrogen deficiency and myocardial infarction. The long-term effects of isoproterenol treatment revealed reduced heme oxygenase enzyme activity and expression and decreased glutathione levels. Isoproterenol treatment enhanced the myeloperoxidase enzyme activity. Voluntary physical exercise ameliorated the antioxidative status by increasing of the heme oxygenase enzyme system. Voluntary physical exercise is a potential therapeutic tool to improve cardiac antioxidant status in menopausal women postmyocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Denise Börzsei
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karácsonyi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Kolos Nemes
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Anikó Magyariné Berkó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Médea Veszelka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Szilvia Török
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
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7
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Holland NA, Fraiser CR, Sloan RC, Devlin RB, Brown DA, Wingard CJ. Ultrafine Particulate Matter Increases Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:441-450. [PMID: 28194639 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms that drive PM-associated cardiovascular disease and dysfunction remain unclear. We examined the impact of oropharyngeal aspiration of 100 μg UFP from the Chapel Hill, NC, air shed in Sprague-Dawley rats on cardiac function, arrhythmogenesis, and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury using a Langendorff working heart model. We found that exposure to UFP was capable of significantly exacerbating cardiac I/R injury without changing overall cardiac function or major changes in arrhythmogenesis. Cardiac I/R injury was attenuable with administration of cyclosporin A (CsA), suggesting a role for the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in UFP-associated cardiovascular toxicity. Isolated cardiac mitochondria displayed decreased Ca2+ buffering before opening of the mPTP. These findings suggest that UFP-induced expansion of cardiac I/R injury may be a result of mPTP Ca2+ sensitization resulting in increased mitochondrial permeability transition and potential initiation of mPTP-associated cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Chad R Fraiser
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ruben C Sloan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, Bellarmine University, 2001 Newburg Rd, Louisville, KY, 40205, USA.
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8
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Sairam T, Patel AN, Subrahmanian M, Gopalan R, Pogwizd SM, Ramalingam S, Sankaran R, Rajasekaran NS. Evidence for a hyper-reductive redox in a sub-set of heart failure patients. J Transl Med 2018; 16:130. [PMID: 29776421 PMCID: PMC5960146 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been linked to heart failure (HF) in humans. Antioxidant-based treatments are often ineffective. Therefore, we hypothesize that some of the HF patients might have a reductive stress (RS) condition. Investigating RS-related mechanisms will aid in personalized optimization of redox homeostasis for better outcomes among HF patients. METHODS Blood samples were collected from HF patients (n = 54) and healthy controls (n = 42) and serum was immediately preserved in - 80 °C for redox analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA; lipid peroxidation) levels by HPLC, reduced glutathione (GSH) and its redox ratio (GSH/GSSG) using enzymatic-recycling assay in the serum of HF patients were measured. Further, the activities of key antioxidant enzymes were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Non-invasive echocardiography was used to relate circulating redox status with cardiac function and remodeling. RESULTS The circulatory redox state (GSH/MDA ratio) was used to stratify the HF patients into normal redox (NR), hyper-oxidative (HO), and hyper-reductive (HR) groups. While the majority of the HF patients exhibited the HO (42%), 41% of them had a normal redox (NR) state. Surprisingly, a subset of HF patients (17%) belonged to the hyper-reductive group, suggesting a strong implication for RS in the progression of HF. In all the groups of HF patients, SOD, GPx and catalase were significantly increased while GR activity was significantly reduced relative to healthy controls. Furthermore, echocardiography analyses revealed that 55% of HO patients had higher systolic dysfunction while 62.5% of the hyper-reductive patients had higher diastolic dysfunction. CONCLUSION These results suggest that RS may be associated with HF pathogenesis for a subset of cardiac patients. Thus, stratification of HF patients based on their circulating redox status may serve as a useful prognostic tool to guide clinicians designing personalized antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiagarajan Sairam
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (Affiliated to the Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amit N Patel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Meenu Subrahmanian
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (Affiliated to the Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendiran Gopalan
- Department of Cardiology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (Affiliated to the Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Steven M Pogwizd
- Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sudha Ramalingam
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (Affiliated to the Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramalingam Sankaran
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (Affiliated to the Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Namakkal Soorapan Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, UAB
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, BMR2 Room 533
- 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA. .,PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (Affiliated to the Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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9
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Role of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Ovariectomized Female Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6709742. [PMID: 29636852 PMCID: PMC5831964 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6709742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for proper cardiac function and structural integrity; thus, the disruption of ECM homeostasis is associated with several pathological processes. Female Wistar rats underwent surgical ovariectomy (OVX) or sham operation (SO) and were then divided into eight subgroups based on the type of diet (standard chow or high-triglyceride diet/HT) and exercise (with or without running). After 12 weeks, cardiac MMP-2 activity, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, content of collagen type I, the level of nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and glutathione (GSH), and the ratio of infarct size were determined. Our results show that OVX and HT diet caused an excessive accumulation of collagen; however, this increase was not observed in the trained animals. Twelve weeks of exercise promoted elevation in the levels of 3-NT and GSH and similarly an increase in MMP-2 activity of both SO and OVX animals. The high infarct-size ratio caused by OVX and HT diet was mitigated by physical exercise. Our findings demonstrate that ovarian estrogen loss and HT diet caused collagen accumulation and increased ratio of the infarct size. However, exercise-induced cardiac remodeling serves as a compensatory mechanism by enhancing MMP-2 activity and reducing fibrosis, thus minimizing the ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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10
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Quindry JC, Franklin BA. Cardioprotective Exercise and Pharmacologic Interventions as Complementary Antidotes to Cardiovascular Disease. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2018; 46:5-17. [PMID: 28885265 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise and pharmacologic therapies to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease have advanced largely through independent efforts. Understanding of first-line drug therapies, findings from preclinical animal studies, and the need for research initiatives related to complementary cardioprotective exercise-pharma interventions are reviewed from the premise that contemporary cardioprotective therapies must include adjunctive exercise and lifestyle interventions in addition to pharmacologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Quindry
- Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Barry A Franklin
- Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
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11
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Powers SK. Exercise: Teaching myocytes new tricks. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:460-472. [PMID: 28572498 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00418.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training promotes numerous cellular adaptations in both cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers. For example, exercise training fosters changes in mitochondrial function due to increased mitochondrial protein expression and accelerated mitochondrial turnover. Additionally, endurance exercise training alters the abundance of numerous cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins in both cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes, resulting in a protective phenotype in the active fibers; this exercise-induced protection of cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers is often referred to as "exercise preconditioning." As few as 3-5 consecutive days of endurance exercise training result in a preconditioned cardiac phenotype that is sheltered against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Similarly, endurance exercise training results in preconditioned skeletal muscle fibers that are resistant to a variety of stresses (e.g., heat stress, exercise-induced oxidative stress, and inactivity-induced atrophy). Many studies have probed the mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced preconditioning of cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers; these studies are important, because they provide an improved understanding of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced preconditioning, which has the potential to lead to innovative pharmacological therapies aimed at minimizing stress-induced injury to cardiac and skeletal muscle. This review summarizes the development of exercise-induced protection of cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers and highlights the putative mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced protection in the heart and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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12
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Alleman RJ, Tsang AM, Ryan TE, Patteson DJ, McClung JM, Spangenburg EE, Shaikh SR, Neufer PD, Brown DA. Exercise-induced protection against reperfusion arrhythmia involves stabilization of mitochondrial energetics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1360-70. [PMID: 26945082 PMCID: PMC4888539 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00858.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria influence cardiac electrophysiology through energy- and redox-sensitive ion channels in the sarcolemma, with the collapse of energetics believed to be centrally involved in arrhythmogenesis. This study was conducted to determine if preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) contributes to the antiarrhythmic effect of exercise. We utilized perfused hearts, isolated myocytes, and isolated mitochondria exposed to metabolic challenge to determine the effects of exercise on cardiac mitochondria. Hearts from sedentary (Sed) and exercised (Ex; 10 days of treadmill running) Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused on a two-photon microscope stage for simultaneous measurement of ΔΨm and ECG. After ischemia-reperfusion, the collapse of ΔΨm was commensurate with the onset of arrhythmia. Exercise preserved ΔΨm and decreased the incidence of fibrillation/tachycardia (P < 0.05). Our findings in intact hearts were corroborated in isolated myocytes exposed to in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation, with Ex rats demonstrating enhanced redox control and sustained ΔΨm during reoxygenation. Finally, we induced anoxia-reoxygenation in isolated mitochondria using high-resolution respirometry with simultaneous measurement of respiration and H2O2 Mitochondria from Ex rats sustained respiration with lower rates of H2O2 emission than Sed rats. Exercise helps sustain postischemic mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox homeostasis, which is associated with preserved ΔΨm and protection against reperfusion arrhythmia. The reduction of fatal ventricular arrhythmias through exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations indicates that mitochondrial therapeutics may be an effective target for the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick J Alleman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
| | - Alvin M Tsang
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
| | - Daniel J Patteson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
| | - Espen E Spangenburg
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; and
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Borges JP, Lessa MA. Mechanisms Involved in Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection: A Systematic Review. Arq Bras Cardiol 2015; 105:71-81. [PMID: 25830711 PMCID: PMC4523290 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20150024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, research has shown that exercise, in addition to reducing cardiovascular risk factors, can also protect the heart against injury due to ischemia and reperfusion through a direct effect on the myocardium. However, the specific mechanism involved in exerciseinduced cardiac preconditioning is still under debate. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review of the studies that have addressed the mechanisms by which aerobic exercise promotes direct cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion injury. METHODS A search was conducted using MEDLINE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases. Data were extracted in a standardized manner by two independent researchers, who were responsible for assessing the methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS The search retrieved 78 studies; after evaluating the abstracts, 30 studies were excluded. The manuscripts of the remaining 48 studies were completely read and, of these, 20 were excluded. Finally, 28 studies were included in this systematic review. CONCLUSION On the basis of the selected studies, the following are potentially involved in the cardioprotective response to exercise: increased heat shock protein production, nitric oxide pathway involvement, increased cardiac antioxidant capacity, improvement in ATP-dependent potassium channel function, and opioid system activation. Despite all the previous investigations, further research is still necessary to obtain more consistent conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pereira Borges
- Laboratório de Investigação Cardiovascular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ − Brazil
| | - Marcos Adriano Lessa
- Laboratório de Investigação Cardiovascular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ − Brazil
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Alleman RJ, Stewart LM, Tsang AM, Brown DA. Why Does Exercise "Trigger" Adaptive Protective Responses in the Heart? Dose Response 2015; 13:10.2203_dose-response.14-023.Alleman. [PMID: 26674259 PMCID: PMC4674163 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.14-023.alleman] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies suggest that individuals who exercise have decreased cardiac morbidity and mortality. Pre-clinical studies in animal models also find clear cardioprotective phenotypes in animals that exercise, specifically characterized by lower myocardial infarction and arrhythmia. Despite the clear benefits, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for exercise preconditioning are not fully understood. In particular, the adaptive signaling events that occur during exercise to "trigger" cardioprotection represent emerging paradigms. In this review, we discuss recent studies that have identified several different factors that appear to initiate exercise preconditioning. We summarize the evidence for and against specific cellular factors in triggering exercise adaptations and identify areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick J Alleman
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville NC USA
| | - Luke M Stewart
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville NC USA
| | - Alvin M Tsang
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville NC USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville NC USA
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15
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Borges JP, Verdoorn KS, Daliry A, Powers SK, Ortenzi VH, Fortunato RS, Tibiriçá E, Lessa MA. Delta opioid receptors: the link between exercise and cardioprotection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113541. [PMID: 25415192 PMCID: PMC4240613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of opioid receptor (OR) subtypes as a mechanism by which endurance exercise promotes cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Wistar rats were randomly divided into one of seven experimental groups: 1) control; 2) exercise-trained; 3) exercise-trained plus a non-selective OR antagonist; 4) control sham; 5) exercise-trained plus a kappa OR antagonist; 6) exercise-trained plus a delta OR antagonist; and 7) exercise-trained plus a mu OR antagonist. The exercised animals underwent 4 consecutive days of treadmill training (60 min/day at ∼70% of maximal oxygen consumption). All groups except the sham group were exposed to an in vivo myocardial IR insult, and the myocardial infarct size (IS) was determined histologically. Myocardial capillary density, OR subtype expression, heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) expression, and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured in the hearts of both the exercised and control groups. Exercise training significantly reduced the myocardial IS by approximately 34%. Pharmacological blockade of the kappa or mu OR subtypes did not blunt exercise-induced cardioprotection against IR-mediated infarction, whereas treatment of animals with a non-selective OR antagonist or a delta OR antagonist abolished exercise-induced cardioprotection. Exercise training enhanced the activities of myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase but did not increase the left ventricular capillary density or the mRNA levels of HSP72, SOD, and catalase. In addition, exercise significantly reduced the protein expression of kappa and delta ORs in the heart by 44% and 37%, respectively. Together, these results indicate that ORs contribute to the cardioprotection conferred by endurance exercise, with the delta OR subtype playing a key role in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P. Borges
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Scott K. Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Victor H. Ortenzi
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Fortunato
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibiriçá
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Adriano Lessa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Powers SK, Smuder AJ, Kavazis AN, Quindry JC. Mechanisms of exercise-induced cardioprotection. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 29:27-38. [PMID: 24382869 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00030.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury can cause ventricular cell death and is a major pathological event leading to morbidity and mortality in those with coronary artery disease. Interestingly, as few as five bouts of exercise on consecutive days can rapidly produce a cardiac phenotype that resists IR-induced myocardial injury. This review summarizes the development of exercise-induced cardioprotection and the mechanisms responsible for this important adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
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Alleman RJ, Katunga LA, Nelson MAM, Brown DA, Anderson EJ. The "Goldilocks Zone" from a redox perspective-Adaptive vs. deleterious responses to oxidative stress in striated muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 5:358. [PMID: 25278906 PMCID: PMC4166897 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Consequences of oxidative stress may be beneficial or detrimental in physiological systems. An organ system's position on the “hormetic curve” is governed by the source and temporality of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, proximity of ROS to moieties most susceptible to damage, and the capacity of the endogenous cellular ROS scavenging mechanisms. Most importantly, the resilience of the tissue (the capacity to recover from damage) is a decisive factor, and this is reflected in the disparate response to ROS in cardiac and skeletal muscle. In myocytes, a high oxidative capacity invariably results in a significant ROS burden which in homeostasis, is rapidly neutralized by the robust antioxidant network. The up-regulation of key pathways in the antioxidant network is a central component of the hormetic response to ROS. Despite such adaptations, persistent oxidative stress over an extended time-frame (e.g., months to years) inevitably leads to cumulative damages, maladaptation and ultimately the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Indeed, persistent oxidative stress in heart and skeletal muscle has been repeatedly demonstrated to have causal roles in the etiology of heart disease and insulin resistance, respectively. Deciphering the mechanisms that underlie the divergence between adaptive and maladaptive responses to oxidative stress remains an active area of research for basic scientists and clinicians alike, as this would undoubtedly lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we provide an overview of major types of ROS in striated muscle and the divergent adaptations that occur in response to them. Emphasis is placed on highlighting newly uncovered areas of research on this topic, with particular focus on the mitochondria, and the diverging roles that ROS play in muscle health (e.g., exercise or preconditioning) and disease (e.g., cardiomyopathy, ischemia, metabolic syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick J Alleman
- Departments of Physiology, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lalage A Katunga
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Margaret A M Nelson
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Departments of Physiology, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ethan J Anderson
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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18
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Brown DA, Hale SL, Baines CP, del Rio CL, Hamlin RL, Yueyama Y, Kijtawornrat A, Yeh ST, Frasier CR, Stewart LM, Moukdar F, Shaikh SR, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD, Kloner RA. Reduction of early reperfusion injury with the mitochondria-targeting peptide bendavia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 19:121-32. [PMID: 24288396 DOI: 10.1177/1074248413508003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that Bendavia, a novel mitochondria-targeting peptide, reduced infarction and no-reflow across several experimental models. The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic timing and mechanism of action that underlie Bendavia's cytoprotective property. In rabbits exposed to in vivo ischemia/reperfusion (30/180 min), Bendavia administered 20 minutes prior to reperfusion (0.05 mg/kg/h, intravenously) reduced myocardial infarct size by ∼50% when administered for either 1 or 3 hours of reperfusion. However, when Bendavia perfusion began just 10 minutes after the onset of reperfusion, the protection against infarction and no-reflow was completely lost, indicating that the mechanism of protection is occurring early in reperfusion. Experiments in isolated mouse liver mitochondria found no discernible effect of Bendavia on blocking the permeability transition pore, and studies in isolated heart mitochondria showed no effect of Bendavia on respiratory rates. As Bendavia significantly lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in isolated heart mitochondria, the ROS-scavenging capacity of Bendavia was compared to well-known ROS scavengers using in vitro (cell-free) systems that enzymatically generate ROS. Across doses ranging from 1 nmol/L to 1 mmol/L, Bendavia showed no discernible ROS-scavenging properties, clearly differentiating itself from prototypical scavengers. In conclusion, Bendavia is a promising candidate to reduce cardiac injury when present at the onset of reperfusion but not after reperfusion has already commenced. Given that both infarction and no-reflow are related to increased cellular ROS, Bendavia's protective mechanism of action likely involves reduced ROS generation (as opposed to augmented scavenging) by endothelial and myocyte mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brown
- 1Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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19
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Powers SK, Sollanek KJ, Wiggs MP, Demirel HA, Smuder AJ. Exercise-induced improvements in myocardial antioxidant capacity: the antioxidant players and cardioprotection. Free Radic Res 2013; 48:43-51. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.825371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Feger BJ, Starnes JW. Exercise alters the regulation of myocardial Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1 activity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R1182-9. [PMID: 24049114 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00228.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The myocardial Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1 (NHE1) plays a major role in regulation of intracellular pH, and its upregulation has been implicated in increased ischemia-reperfusion injury and other pathologies. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increases NHE1 activity acutely via ERK1/2 signaling. Chronic strenuous exercise upregulates NHE1 in skeletal muscle, but we hypothesize this will not occur in the heart, because exercise creates a cardioprotective phenotype. NHE1 activity and its regulation by H2O2 were examined at physiological pH using isolated cardiomyocytes from female Sprague-Dawley rats exercised on a treadmill for 5 wk (E; n = 11). Compared with sedentary (S; n = 15), E displayed increases (P < 0.05) in heart-to-body weight ratio (6.8%) and plantaris mitochondria content (89%). NHE1 activity (acid efflux rate following an acid load) was 209% greater in E (0.65 ± 0.12 vs. 2.01 ± 0.29 fmol/min). The difference was attributed primarily to greater cell volume (22.2 ± 0.6 vs. 34.3 ± 1.1 pl) and intracellular pH-buffering capacity (33.94 ± 1.59 vs. 65.82 ± 5.20 mM/pH unit) of E myocytes. H2O2 stimulation (100 μM) raised NHE1 activity significantly less in E (45%) than S (167%); however, activity remained 185% greater in E. ERK1/2 inhibition abrogated the increases. H2O2-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels normalized to total ERK1/2 were similar between groups. Content of NHE1 and activities of H2O2 scavengers were also similar. We observed that intracellular pH-buffering capacity differences between groups became progressively less with declining pH, which may be an exercise-induced cardioprotective adaptation to lower NHE1 activity during certain pathological situations. We conclude that strenuous endurance exercise increases myocardial NHE1 activity at physiological pH, which would likely enhance cardiac performance under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Feger
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
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21
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Krenz M, Baines C, Kalogeris T, Korthuis R. Cell Survival Programs and Ischemia/Reperfusion: Hormesis, Preconditioning, and Cardioprotection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4199/c00090ed1v01y201309isp044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Campos JC, Gomes KMS, Ferreira JCB. Impact of exercise training on redox signaling in cardiovascular diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:107-19. [PMID: 23978413 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species regulate a wide array of signaling pathways that governs cardiovascular physiology. However, oxidant stress resulting from disrupted redox signaling has an adverse impact on the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we address how redox signaling and oxidant stress affect the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension and heart failure. We also summarize the benefits of exercise training in tackling the hyperactivation of cellular oxidases and mitochondrial dysfunction seen in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Working out the heart: functional remodeling by endurance exercise training. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 60:47-9. [PMID: 23579023 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Frasier CR, Moukdar F, Patel HD, Sloan RC, Stewart LM, Alleman RJ, La Favor JD, Brown DA. Redox-dependent increases in glutathione reductase and exercise preconditioning: role of NADPH oxidase and mitochondria. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 98:47-55. [PMID: 23341578 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We have previously shown that exercise leads to sustainable cardioprotection through a mechanism involving improved glutathione replenishment. This study was conducted to determine if redox-dependent modifications in glutathione reductase (GR) were involved in exercise cardioprotection. Furthermore, we sought to determine if reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidase and/or mitochondria during exercise were triggering events for GR modulations. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were exercised for 10 consecutive days, after which isolated hearts were exposed to ischaemia/reperfusion (25 min/120 min). Exercise protected against infarction and arrhythmia, and preserved coronary flow. The GR inhibitor BCNU abolished the beneficial effects. GR activity was increased following exercise in a redox-dependent manner, with no change in GR protein levels. Because fluorescent labelling of GR protein thiols showed lower amounts of reduced thiols after exercise, we sought to determine the source of intracellular reactive oxygen species that may be activating GR. Subsets of animals were exercised immediately after treatment with either NADPH-oxidase inhibitors apocynin or Vas2870, or with mitoTEMPO or Bendavia, which reduce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. The cardioprotective effects of exercise were abolished if animals exercised in the presence of NADPH oxidase inhibitors, in clear contrast to the mitochondrial reagents. These changes correlated with thiol-dependent modifications of GR. CONCLUSION Adaptive cardioprotective signalling is triggered by reactive oxygen species from NADPH oxidase, and leads to improved glutathione replenishment through redox-dependent modifications in GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Frasier
- Department of Physiology, Brody 6N-98, 600 Moye Blvd, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Thompson LC, Frasier CR, Sloan RC, Mann EE, Harrison BS, Brown JM, Brown DA, Wingard CJ. Pulmonary instillation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes promotes coronary vasoconstriction and exacerbates injury in isolated hearts. Nanotoxicology 2012; 8:38-49. [PMID: 23102262 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.744858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The growing use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) across industry has increased human exposures. We tested the hypothesis that pulmonary instillation of MWCNTs would exacerbate cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. One day following intratracheal instillation of 1, 10 or 100 μg MWCNT in Sprague-Dawley rats, we used a Langendorff isolated heart model to examine cardiac I/R injury. In the 100 μg MWCNT group we report increased premature ventricular contractions at baseline and increased myocardial infarction. This was associated with increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) release and depression of coronary flow during early reperfusion. We also tested if isolated coronary vascular responses were affected by MWCNT instillation and found trends for enhanced coronary tone, which were dependent on ET-1, cyclooxygenase, thromboxane and Rho-kinase. We concluded that instillation of MWCNTs promoted cardiac injury and depressed coronary flow by invoking vasoconstrictive mechanisms involving ET-1, cyclooxygenase, thromboxane and Rho-kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University , Greenville, NC , USA
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26
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Preconditioning with diosgenin and treadmill exercise preserves the cardiac toxicity of isoproterenol in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 69:255-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Svoboda LK, Reddie KG, Zhang L, Vesely ED, Williams ES, Schumacher SM, O'Connell RP, Shaw R, Day SM, Anumonwo JM, Carroll KS, Martens JR. Redox-sensitive sulfenic acid modification regulates surface expression of the cardiovascular voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5. Circ Res 2012; 111:842-53. [PMID: 22843785 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.263525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Kv1.5 (KCNA5) is expressed in the heart, where it underlies the I(Kur) current that controls atrial repolarization, and in the pulmonary vasculature, where it regulates vessel contractility in response to changes in oxygen tension. Atrial fibrillation and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension are characterized by downregulation of Kv1.5 protein expression, as well as with oxidative stress. Formation of sulfenic acid on cysteine residues of proteins is an important, dynamic mechanism for protein regulation under oxidative stress. Kv1.5 is widely reported to be redox-sensitive, and the channel possesses 6 potentially redox-sensitive intracellular cysteines. We therefore hypothesized that sulfenic acid modification of the channel itself may regulate Kv1.5 in response to oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To investigate how oxidative stress, via redox-sensitive modification of the channel with sulfenic acid, regulates trafficking and expression of Kv1.5. METHODS AND RESULTS Labeling studies with the sulfenic acid-specific probe DAz and horseradish peroxidase-streptavidin Western blotting demonstrated a global increase in sulfenic acid-modified proteins in human patients with atrial fibrillation, as well as sulfenic acid modification to Kv1.5 in the heart. Further studies showed that Kv1.5 is modified with sulfenic acid on a single COOH-terminal cysteine (C581), and the level of sulfenic acid increases in response to oxidant exposure. Using live-cell immunofluorescence and whole-cell voltage-clamping, we found that modification of this cysteine is necessary and sufficient to reduce channel surface expression, promote its internalization, and block channel recycling back to the cell surface. Moreover, Western blotting demonstrated that sulfenic acid modification is a trigger for channel degradation under prolonged oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Sulfenic acid modification to proteins, which is elevated in diseased human heart, regulates Kv1.5 channel surface expression and stability under oxidative stress and diverts channel from a recycling pathway to degradation. This provides a molecular mechanism linking oxidative stress and downregulation of channel expression observed in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Svoboda
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5632, USA
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Kloner RA, Hale SL, Dai W, Gorman RC, Shuto T, Koomalsingh KJ, Gorman JH, Sloan RC, Frasier CR, Watson CA, Bostian PA, Kypson AP, Brown DA. Reduction of ischemia/reperfusion injury with bendavia, a mitochondria-targeting cytoprotective Peptide. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e001644. [PMID: 23130143 PMCID: PMC3487333 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Manifestations of reperfusion injury include myocyte death leading to infarction, contractile dysfunction, and vascular injury characterized by the “no-reflow” phenomenon. Mitochondria-produced reactive oxygen species are believed to be centrally involved in each of these aspects of reperfusion injury, although currently no therapies reduce reperfusion injury by targeting mitochondria specifically. Methods and Results We investigated the cardioprotective effects of a mitochondria-targeted peptide, Bendavia (Stealth Peptides), across a spectrum of experimental cardiac ischemia/reperfusion models. Postischemic administration of Bendavia reduced infarct size in an in vivo sheep model by 15% (P=0.02) and in an ex vivo guinea pig model by 38% to 42% (P<0.05). In an in vivo rabbit model, the extent of coronary no-reflow was assessed with Thioflavin S staining and was significantly smaller in the Bendavia group for any given ischemic risk area than in the control group (P=0.0085). Myocardial uptake of Bendavia was ≈25% per minute, and uptake remained consistent throughout reperfusion. Postischemic recovery of cardiac hemodynamics was not influenced by Bendavia in any of the models studied. Isolated myocytes exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation showed improved survival when treated with Bendavia. This protection appeared to be mediated by lowered reactive oxygen species–mediated cell death during reoxygenation, associated with sustainment of mitochondrial membrane potential in Bendavia-treated myocytes. Conclusions Postischemic administration of Bendavia protected against reperfusion injury in several distinct models of injury. These data suggest that Bendavia is a mitochondria-targeted therapy that reduces reperfusion injury by maintaining mitochondrial energetics and suppressing cellular reactive oxygen species levels. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e001644 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.001644.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kloner
- Heart Institute of Good Samaritan Hospital, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (R.A.K., S.H., W.D.) ; Keck School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (R.A.K., W.D.)
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Sloan RC, Moukdar F, Frasier CR, Patel HD, Bostian PA, Lust RM, Brown DA. Mitochondrial permeability transition in the diabetic heart: Contributions of thiol redox state and mitochondrial calcium to augmented reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 52:1009-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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