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Johnson JM, Peterlin AD, Balderas E, Sustarsic EG, Maschek JA, Lang MJ, Jara-Ramos A, Panic V, Morgan JT, Villanueva CJ, Sanchez A, Rutter J, Lodhi IJ, Cox JE, Fisher-Wellman KH, Chaudhuri D, Gerhart-Hines Z, Funai K. Mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine modulates UCP1 to promote brown adipose thermogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7864. [PMID: 36827367 PMCID: PMC9956115 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermogenesis by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is one of the primary mechanisms by which brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases energy expenditure. UCP1 resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), where it dissipates membrane potential independent of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. Here, we provide evidence that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) modulates UCP1-dependent proton conductance across the IMM to modulate thermogenesis. Mitochondrial lipidomic analyses revealed PE as a signature molecule whose abundance bidirectionally responds to changes in thermogenic burden. Reduction in mitochondrial PE by deletion of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) made mice cold intolerant and insensitive to β3 adrenergic receptor agonist-induced increase in whole-body oxygen consumption. High-resolution respirometry and fluorometry of BAT mitochondria showed that loss of mitochondrial PE specifically lowers UCP1-dependent respiration without compromising electron transfer efficiency or ATP synthesis. These findings were confirmed by a reduction in UCP1 proton current in PE-deficient mitoplasts. Thus, PE performs a previously unknown role as a temperature-responsive rheostat that regulates UCP1-dependent thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. Johnson
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alek D. Peterlin
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Utah Center for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Enrique Balderas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elahu G. Sustarsic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Alan Maschek
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marisa J. Lang
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alejandro Jara-Ramos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vanja Panic
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Claudio J. Villanueva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Irfan J. Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James E. Cox
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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2
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Ren W, Xu Z, Pan S, Ma Y, Li H, Wu F, Bo W, Cai M, Tian Z. Irisin and ALCAT1 mediated aerobic exercise-alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis in skeletal muscle of mice with myocardial infarction. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:526-537. [PMID: 36336228 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle in patients with heart failure (HF) exhibits altered structure, function and metabolism. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of HF. Oxidative stress and cell apoptosis are involved in the pathophysiology of MI/HF-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. It is well recognized that aerobic exercise (AE) could prevent skeletal muscle atrophy after MI, but the underlying mechanism and molecular targets are still not fully clarified. In this study, Fndc5-/- and Alcat1-/- mice were used to establish the MI model and subjected to six weeks of moderate-intensity AE. C2C12 cells were treated with H2O2 and recombinant human Irisin (rhIrisin), or transduced with a lentiviral vector to mediate the overexpression of ALCAT1 (LV-Alcat1). Results showed that MI reduced Irisin expression and antioxidant capacity of skeletal muscle, increased ALCAT1 expression, induced protein degradation and cell apoptosis, which were partly reversed by AE; Knockout of Fndc5 further aggravated MI-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in skeletal muscle, and partly weakened the beneficial effects of AE. In contrast, knockout of Alcat1 reduced MI-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis and strengthened the beneficial effects of AE. rhIrisin and AICAR intervention inhibited ALCAT1 expression, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, which induced by H2O2 or LV-Alcat1 in C2C12 cells. These findings reveal that AE could alleviate the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in skeletal muscle following MI, partly via up-regulating Irisin and inhibiting ALCAT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujing Ren
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zujie Xu
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shou Pan
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hangzhuo Li
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Fangnan Wu
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wenyan Bo
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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3
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Behuria HG, Dash S, Sahu SK. Phospholipid Scramblases: Role in Cancer Progression and Anticancer Therapeutics. Front Genet 2022; 13:875894. [PMID: 35422844 PMCID: PMC9002267 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.875894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid scramblases (PLSCRs) that catalyze rapid mixing of plasma membrane lipids result in surface exposure of phosphatidyl serine (PS), a lipid normally residing to the inner plasma membrane leaflet. PS exposure provides a chemotactic eat-me signal for phagocytes resulting in non-inflammatory clearance of apoptotic cells by efferocytosis. However, metastatic tumor cells escape efferocytosis through alteration of tumor microenvironment and apoptotic signaling. Tumor cells exhibit altered membrane features, high constitutive PS exposure, low drug permeability and increased multidrug resistance through clonal evolution. PLSCRs are transcriptionally up-regulated in tumor cells leading to plasma membrane remodeling and aberrant PS exposure on cell surface. In addition, PLSCRs interact with multiple cellular components to modulate cancer progression and survival. While PLSCRs and PS exposed on tumor cells are novel drug targets, many exogenous molecules that catalyze lipid scrambling on tumor plasma membrane are potent anticancer therapeutic molecules. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of scramblase mediated signaling events, membrane alteration specific to tumor development and possible therapeutic implications of scramblases and PS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Gourav Behuria
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University, Baripada, India
| | - Sabyasachi Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar Sahu
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University, Baripada, India
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Memme JM, Oliveira AN, Hood DA. p53 regulates skeletal muscle mitophagy and mitochondrial quality control following denervation-induced muscle disuse. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101540. [PMID: 34958797 PMCID: PMC8790503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent inactivity promotes skeletal muscle atrophy, marked by mitochondrial aberrations that affect strength, mobility, and metabolic health leading to the advancement of disease. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) pathways include biogenesis (synthesis), mitophagy/lysosomal turnover, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, which serve to maintain an optimal organelle network. Tumor suppressor p53 has been implicated in regulating muscle mitochondria in response to cellular stress; however, its role in the context of muscle disuse has yet to be explored, and whether p53 is necessary for MQC remains unclear. To address this, we subjected p53 muscle-specific KO (mKO) and WT mice to unilateral denervation. Transcriptomic and pathway analyses revealed dysregulation of pathways pertaining to mitochondrial function, and especially turnover, in mKO muscle following denervation. Protein and mRNA data of the MQC pathways indicated activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitophagy-lysosome systems along with reductions in mitochondrial biogenesis and content in WT and mKO tissue following chronic denervation. However, p53 ablation also attenuated the expression of autophagy-mitophagy machinery, reduced autophagic flux, and enhanced lysosomal dysfunction. While similar reductions in mitochondrial biogenesis and content were observed between genotypes, MQC dysregulation exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction in mKO fibers, evidenced by elevated reactive oxygen species. Moreover, acute experiments indicate that p53 mediates the expression of transcriptional regulators of MQC pathways as early as 1 day following denervation. Together, our data illustrate exacerbated mitochondrial dysregulation with denervation stress in p53 mKO tissue, thus indicating that p53 contributes to organellar maintenance via regulation of MQC pathways during muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley N Oliveira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Abstract
Exercise stimulates the biogenesis of mitochondria in muscle. Some literature supports the use of pharmaceuticals to enhance mitochondria as a substitute for exercise. We provide evidence that exercise rejuvenates mitochondrial function, thereby augmenting muscle health with age, in disease, and in the absence of cellular regulators. This illustrates the power of exercise to act as mitochondrial medicine in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Oliveira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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6
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Graham ZA, DeBerry JJ, Cardozo CP, Bamman MM. A 50 kdyne contusion spinal cord injury with or without the drug SS-31 was not associated with major changes in muscle mass or gene expression 14 d after injury in young male mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14751. [PMID: 33611851 PMCID: PMC7897452 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to rapid muscle atrophy due to paralysis/paresis and subsequent disuse. SS-31 is a mitochondrial-targeting peptide that has shown efficacy in protecting skeletal muscle mass and function in non-SCI models of muscle wasting. We aimed to determine if SS-31 could prevent muscle loss after SCI. Male C57BL/6 mice aged 9 weeks underwent sham surgery or 50 kdyne contusion SCI and were administered daily injections of vehicle or 5 mg/kg SS-31 for 14 d. Both SCI groups had sustained losses in body mass compared to Sham animals and ~10% reductions in gastrocnemius, plantaris and tibialis anterior muscle mass after SCI with no clear effect of SS-31. Measurements of protein synthesis in the soleus and plantaris were similar among all groups. mRNA expression of atrophy-associated proinflammatory cytokines was also similar among all groups. There was elevation in MYH7 mRNA and a statistical reduction in MYH2 mRNA expression in the SCI+SS-31 animals compared to Sham animals. There was an SCI-induced reduction in mRNA expression of the E3 ligase FBXO32 (MAFbx), but no effect of SS-31. In summary, a 50 kdyne contusion SCI was able to reduce body mass but was not associated with substantial muscle atrophy or alterations in gene expression profiles associated with muscle health and function 14 d post-injury. SS-31 was not associated with protection against SCI-related changes in body or muscle mass, protein synthesis or gene expression in hindlimb muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Graham
- Research ServiceBirmingham VA Medical CenterBirminghamALUSA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama‐BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Jennifer J. DeBerry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Alabama‐BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Christopher P. Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical CenterBronxNYUSA
- Medical ServiceJames J. Peters VA Medical CenterBronxNYUSA
- Departments of Medicine and Rehabilitation MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Research ServiceBirmingham VA Medical CenterBirminghamALUSA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama‐BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- UAB Center for Exercise MedicineUniversity of Alabama‐BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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7
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Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles that provide energy for muscle function. When these organelles become dysfunctional, they produce less energy as well as excessive levels of reactive oxygen species which can trigger muscle atrophy, weakness and loss of endurance. In this review, molecular evidence is provided to show that exercise serves as a useful therapeutic countermeasure to overcome mitochondrial dysfunction, even when key regulators of organelle biogenesis are absent. These findings illustrate the complexity and compensatory nature of exercise-induced molecular signaling to transcription, as well as to post-transcriptional events within the mitochondrial synthesis and degradation (i.e. turnover) pathways. Beginning with the first bout of contractile activity, exercise exerts a medicinal effect to improve mitochondrial health and whole muscle function.
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8
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Zhang X, Trevino MB, Wang M, Gardell SJ, Ayala JE, Han X, Kelly DP, Goodpaster BH, Vega RB, Coen PM. Impaired Mitochondrial Energetics Characterize Poor Early Recovery of Muscle Mass Following Hind Limb Unloading in Old Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1313-1322. [PMID: 29562317 PMCID: PMC6132115 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of age-related sarcopenia can be accelerated by impaired recovery of muscle mass following periods of disuse due to illness or immobilization. However, the mechanisms underlying poor recovery of aged muscle following disuse remain to be delineated. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial energetics play an important role in regulation of muscle mass. Here, we report that 22- to 24-month-old mice with low muscle mass and low glucose clearance rate also display poor early recovery of muscle mass following 10 days of hind limb unloading. We used unbiased and targeted approaches to identify changes in energy metabolism gene expression, metabolite pools and mitochondrial phenotype, and show for the first time that persistent mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated fatty acid β-oxidation, and elevated H2O2 emission occur concomitantly with poor early recovery of muscle mass following a period of disuse in old mice. Importantly, this is linked to more severe whole-body insulin resistance, as determined by insulin tolerance test. The findings suggest that muscle fuel metabolism and mitochondrial energetics could be a focus for mining therapeutic targets to improve recovery of muscle mass following periods of disuse in older animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando
| | - Michelle B Trevino
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Miao Wang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Stephen J Gardell
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Julio E Ayala
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando.,Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Rick B Vega
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando.,Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
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9
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Baati N, Feillet-Coudray C, Fouret G, Vernus B, Goustard B, Jollet M, Bertrand-Gaday C, Coudray C, Lecomte J, Bonnieu A, Koechlin-Ramonatxo C. New evidence of exercise training benefits in myostatin-deficient mice: Effect on lipidomic abnormalities. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:89-95. [PMID: 31200956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (Mstn) inactivation or inhibition is considered as a promising treatment for various muscle-wasting disorders because it promotes muscle growth. However, myostatin-deficient hypertrophic muscles show strong fatigability associated with abnormal mitochondria and lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated whether endurance training could improve lipid metabolism and mitochondrial membrane lipid composition in mice where the Mstn gene was genetically ablated (Mstn-/- mice). In Mstn-/- mice, 4 weeks of daily running exercise sessions (65-70% of the maximal aerobic speed for 1 h) improved significantly aerobic performance, particularly the endurance capacity (up to +280% compared with untrained Mstn-/- mice), to levels comparable to those of trained wild type (WT) littermates. The expression of oxidative and lipid metabolism markers also was increased, as indicated by the upregulation of the Cpt1, Ppar-δ and Fasn genes. Moreover, endurance training also increased, but far less than WT, citrate synthase level and mitochondrial protein content. Interestingly endurance training normalized the cardiolipin fraction in the mitochondrial membrane of Mstn-/- muscle compared with WT. These results suggest that the combination of myostatin inhibition and endurance training could increase the muscle mass while preserving the physical performance with specific effects on cardiolipin and lipid-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Baati
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Feillet-Coudray
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Fouret
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Barbara Vernus
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Bénédicte Goustard
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Maxence Jollet
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Bertrand-Gaday
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Coudray
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Lecomte
- Centre de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement)/SupAgro, UMR IATE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Bonnieu
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
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10
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Hyatt H, Deminice R, Yoshihara T, Powers SK. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces muscle atrophy during prolonged inactivity: A review of the causes and effects. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 662:49-60. [PMID: 30452895 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged skeletal muscle inactivity (e.g. limb immobilization, bed rest, mechanical ventilation, spinal cord injury, etc.) results in muscle atrophy that manifests into a decreased quality of life and in select patient populations, a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding the processes that contribute to muscle atrophy during prolonged periods of muscle disuse is an important area of research. In this regard, mitochondrial dysfunction has been directly linked to the muscle wasting that occurs during extended periods of skeletal muscle inactivity. While the concept that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to disuse muscle atrophy has been contemplated for nearly 50 years, the mechanisms connecting mitochondrial signaling events to skeletal muscle atrophy remained largely unexplained until recently. Indeed, emerging evidence reveals that mitochondrial dysfunction and the associated mitochondrial signaling events are a requirement for several forms of inactivity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Specifically, inactivity-induced alterations in skeletal muscle mitochondria phenotype and increased ROS emission, impaired Ca2+ handling, and release of mitochondria-specific proteolytic activators are established occurrences that promote fiber atrophy during prolonged periods of muscle inactivity. This review highlights the evidence that directly connects mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant mitochondrial signaling with skeletal muscle atrophy and discusses the mechanisms linking these interconnected phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Physical Education, University of Estadual of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Chabi B, Fouret G, Lecomte J, Cortade F, Pessemesse L, Baati N, Coudray C, Lin L, Tong Q, Wrutniak-Cabello C, Casas F, Feillet-Coudray C. Skeletal muscle overexpression of short isoform Sirt3 altered mitochondrial cardiolipin content and fatty acid composition. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:131-142. [PMID: 29589261 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid at the heart of mitochondrial metabolism, which plays a key role in mitochondrial function and bioenergetics. Among mitochondrial activity regulators, SIRT3 plays a crucial role in controlling the acetylation status of many enzymes participating in the energy metabolism in particular concerning lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. Data suggest that possible connection may exist between SIRT3 and CL status that has not been evaluated in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we have characterized skeletal muscle lipids as well as mitochondrial lipids composition in mice overexpressing long (SIRT3-M1) and short (SIRT3-M3) isoforms of SIRT3. Particular attention has been paid for CL. We reported no alteration in muscle lipids content and fatty acids composition between the two mice SIRT3 strains and the control mice. However, mitochondrial CL content was significantly decreased in SIRT3-M3 mice and associated to an upregulation of tafazzin gene expression. In addition, mitochondrial phospholipids and fatty acids composition was altered with an increase in the PC/PE ratio and arachidonic acid content and a reduction in the MUFA/SFA ratio. These modifications in mitochondrial membrane composition are associated with a reduction in the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and IV. In spite of these mitochondrial enzymatic alterations, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration remained similar in SIRT3-M3 and control mice. Surprisingly, none of those metabolic alterations were detected in mitochondria from SIRT3-M1 mice. In conclusion, our data indicate a specific action of the shorter SIRT3 isoform on lipid mitochondrial membrane biosynthesis and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Chabi
- DMEM, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Fouret
- DMEM, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Narjès Baati
- DMEM, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ligen Lin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qiang Tong
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - François Casas
- DMEM, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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12
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Erlich AT, Brownlee DM, Beyfuss K, Hood DA. Exercise induces TFEB expression and activity in skeletal muscle in a PGC-1α-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C62-C72. [PMID: 29046293 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00162.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial network in muscle is controlled by the opposing processes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. The coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) regulates biogenesis, while the transcription of mitophagy-related genes is controlled by transcription factor EB (TFEB). PGC-1α activation is induced by exercise; however, the effect of exercise on TFEB is not fully known. We investigated the interplay between PGC-1α and TFEB on mitochondria in response to acute contractile activity in C2C12 myotubes and following exercise in wild-type and PGC-1α knockout mice. TFEB nuclear localization was increased by 1.6-fold following 2 h of acute myotube contractile activity in culture, while TFEB transcription was also simultaneously increased by twofold to threefold. Viral overexpression of TFEB in myotubes increased PGC-1α and cytochrome- c oxidase-IV gene expression. In wild-type mice, TFEB translocation to the nucleus increased 2.4-fold in response to acute exercise, while TFEB transcription, assessed through the electroporation of a TFEB promoter construct, was elevated by fourfold. These exercise effects were dependent on the presence of PGC-1α. Our data indicate that acute exercise provokes TFEB expression and activation in a PGC-1α-dependent manner and suggest that TFEB, along with PGC-1α, is an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle as a result of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigail T Erlich
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Diane M Brownlee
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Beyfuss
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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13
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Cardiolipin content, linoleic acid composition, and tafazzin expression in response to skeletal muscle overload and unload stimuli. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2060. [PMID: 28515468 PMCID: PMC5435726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique mitochondrial phospholipid that, in skeletal muscle, is enriched with linoleic acid (18:2n6). Together, CL content and CL 18:2n6 composition are critical determinants of mitochondrial function. Skeletal muscle is comprised of slow and fast fibers that have high and low mitochondrial content, respectively. In response to overloading and unloading stimuli, these muscles undergo a fast-to-slow oxidative fiber type shift and a slow-to-fast glycolytic fiber type shift, respectively, with a concomitant change in mitochondrial content. Here, we examined changes in CL content and CL 18:2n6 composition under these conditions along with tafazzin (Taz) protein, which is a transacylase enzyme that generates CL lipids enriched with 18:2n6. Our results show that CL content, CL 18:2n6 composition, and Taz protein content increased with an overload stimulus in plantaris. Conversely, CL content and CL 18:2n6 composition was reduced with an unloaded stimulus in soleus. Interestingly, Taz protein was increased in the unloaded soleus, suggesting that Taz may provide some form of compensation for decreased CL content and CL 18:2n6 composition. Together, this study highlights the dynamic nature of CL and Taz in skeletal muscle, and future studies will examine the physiological significance behind the changes in CL content, CL 18:2n6 and Taz.
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14
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Borgia D, Malena A, Spinazzi M, Desbats MA, Salviati L, Russell AP, Miotto G, Tosatto L, Pegoraro E, Sorarù G, Pennuto M, Vergani L. Increased mitophagy in the skeletal muscle of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy patients. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1087-1103. [PMID: 28087734 PMCID: PMC5409076 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by polyglutamine expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) and characterized by the loss of lower motor neurons. Here we investigated pathological processes occurring in muscle biopsy specimens derived from SBMA patients and, as controls, age-matched healthy subjects and patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and neurogenic atrophy. We detected atrophic fibers in the muscle of SBMA, ALS and neurogenic atrophy patients. In addition, SBMA muscle was characterized by the presence of a large number of hypertrophic fibers, with oxidative fibers having a larger size compared with glycolytic fibers. Polyglutamine-expanded AR expression was decreased in whole muscle, yet enriched in the nucleus, and localized to mitochondria. Ultrastructural analysis revealed myofibrillar disorganization and streaming in zones lacking mitochondria and degenerating mitochondria. Using molecular (mtDNA copy number), biochemical (citrate synthase and respiratory chain enzymes) and morphological (dark blue area in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-stained muscle cross-sections) analyses, we found a depletion of the mitochondria associated with enhanced mitophagy. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed an increase of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines in mitochondria isolated from SBMA muscles, as well as a 50% depletion of cardiolipin associated with decreased expression of the cardiolipin synthase gene. These observations suggest a causative link between nuclear polyglutamine-expanded AR accumulation, depletion of mitochondrial mass, increased mitophagy and altered mitochondrial membrane composition in SBMA muscle patients. Given the central role of mitochondria in cell bioenergetics, therapeutic approaches toward improving the mitochondrial network are worth considering to support SBMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Borgia
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Malena
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Giovanni Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Proteomic Center of Padova University, VIMM and Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Tosatto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lodovica Vergani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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15
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Heden TD, Neufer PD, Funai K. Looking Beyond Structure: Membrane Phospholipids of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:553-562. [PMID: 27370525 PMCID: PMC4958499 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondria are highly dynamic and are capable of tremendous expansion to meet cellular energetic demands. Such proliferation in mitochondrial mass requires a synchronized supply of enzymes and structural phospholipids. While transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial enzymes has been extensively studied, there is limited information on how mitochondrial membrane lipids are generated in skeletal muscle. Herein we describe how each class of phospholipids that constitute mitochondrial membranes are synthesized and/or imported, and summarize genetic evidence indicating that membrane phospholipid composition represents a significant modulator of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function. We also discuss how skeletal muscle mitochondrial phospholipids may mediate the effect of diet and exercise on oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Heden
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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16
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Unravelling the mechanisms regulating muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. Biochem J 2016; 473:2295-314. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue with a low mitochondrial content under basal conditions, but it is responsive to acute increases in contractile activity patterns (i.e. exercise) which initiate the signalling of a compensatory response, leading to the biogenesis of mitochondria and improved organelle function. Exercise also promotes the degradation of poorly functioning mitochondria (i.e. mitophagy), thereby accelerating mitochondrial turnover, and preserving a pool of healthy organelles. In contrast, muscle disuse, as well as the aging process, are associated with reduced mitochondrial quality and quantity in muscle. This has strong negative implications for whole-body metabolic health and the preservation of muscle mass. A number of traditional, as well as novel regulatory pathways exist in muscle that control both biogenesis and mitophagy. Interestingly, although the ablation of single regulatory transcription factors within these pathways often leads to a reduction in the basal mitochondrial content of muscle, this can invariably be overcome with exercise, signifying that exercise activates a multitude of pathways which can respond to restore mitochondrial health. This knowledge, along with growing realization that pharmacological agents can also promote mitochondrial health independently of exercise, leads to an optimistic outlook in which the maintenance of mitochondrial and whole-body metabolic health can be achieved by taking advantage of the broad benefits of exercise, along with the potential specificity of drug action.
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17
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Memme JM, Oliveira AN, Hood DA. Chronology of UPR activation in skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic contractile activity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C1024-36. [PMID: 27122157 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00009.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein responses (UPR(mt) and UPR(ER)) are important for cellular homeostasis during stimulus-induced increases in protein synthesis. Exercise triggers the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins, regulated in part by peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). To investigate the role of the UPR in exercise-induced adaptations, we subjected rats to 3 h of chronic contractile activity (CCA) for 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7 days followed by 3 h of recovery. Mitochondrial biogenesis signaling, through PGC-1α mRNA, increased 14-fold after 1 day of CCA. This resulted in 10-32% increases in cytochrome c oxidase activity, indicative of mitochondrial content, between days 3 and 7, as well as increases in the autophagic degradation of p62 and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A (LC3)-II protein. Before these adaptations, the UPR(ER) transcripts activating transcription factor-4, spliced X-box-binding protein 1, and binding immunoglobulin protein were elevated (1.3- to 3.8-fold) at days 1-3, while CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and chaperones binding immunoglobulin protein and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 were elevated at mRNA and protein levels (1.5- to 3.9-fold) at days 1-7 of CCA. The mitochondrial chaperones 10-kDa chaperonin, HSP60, and 75-kDa mitochondrial HSP, the protease ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit, and the regulatory protein sirtuin-3 of the UPR(mt) were concurrently induced 10-80% between days 1 and 7 To test the role of the UPR in CCA-induced remodeling, we treated animals with the endoplasmic reticulum stress suppressor tauroursodeoxycholic acid and subjected them to 2 or 7 days of CCA. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuated CHOP and HSP70 protein induction; however, this failed to impact mitochondrial remodeling. Our data indicate that signaling to the UPR is rapidly activated following acute contractile activity, that this is attenuated with repeated bouts, and that the UPR is involved in chronic adaptations to CCA; however, this appears to be independent of CHOP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley N Oliveira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Thompson WR, DeCroes B, McClellan R, Rubens J, Vaz FM, Kristaponis K, Avramopoulos D, Vernon HJ. New targets for monitoring and therapy in Barth syndrome. Genet Med 2016; 18:1001-10. [PMID: 26845103 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Barth syndrome (BTHS), an X-linked disorder caused by defects in TAZ, is the only known single-gene disorder of cardiolipin remodeling. We hypothesized that through analysis of affected individuals, we would gain a better understanding of the range of clinical features and identify targets for monitoring and therapy. METHODS We conducted a multidisciplinary investigation involving 42 patients with BTHS, including echocardiograms, muscle strength testing, functional exercise capacity testing, physical activity assessments, cardiolipin analysis, 3-methylglutaconic acid analysis, and review of genotype data. We analyzed data points to provide a quantitative spectrum of disease characteristics and to identify relationships among phenotype, genotype, and relevant metabolites. RESULTS Echocardiography revealed considerable variability in cardiac features. By contrast, almost all patients had significantly reduced functional exercise capacity. Multivariate analysis revealed significant relationships between cardiolipin ratio and left ventricular mass and between cardiolipin ratio and functional exercise capacity. We additionally identified genotypes associated with a less severe metabolic and clinical profile. CONCLUSION We defined previously unrecognized metabolite/phenotype/genotype relationships, established targets for therapeutic monitoring, and validated avenues for clinical assessment. In addition to providing insight into BTHS, these studies also provide insight into the myriad of multifactorial disorders that converge on the cardiolipin pathway.Genet Med 18 10, 1001-1010.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Reid Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brittany DeCroes
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca McClellan
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica Rubens
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kara Kristaponis
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Tryon LD, Vainshtein A, Memme J, Crilly MJ, Hood DA. WITHDRAWN: Relationship between the regulation of muscle atrophy and mitochondrial turnover during chronic disuse. Integr Med Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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20
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Iqbal S, Hood DA. Cytoskeletal regulation of mitochondrial movements in myoblasts. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2014; 71:564-72. [PMID: 25147078 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are distributed in the cell to match the energy demands, and it is their interaction with the cytoskeleton that controls their movement and displacement. Our purpose was to determine which cytoskeletal components are primarily responsible for mitochondrial movement in muscle cells. Live-cell imaging was used to visualize mitochondrial dynamics in myoblasts. Destabilization of microtubules (MT) reduced the total path length and average speed traveled by mitochondria by 64-74%, whereas actin disruption only reduced these variables by 37-40%. Downregulation of the microtubule motor proteins, Kif5B and dynein, by siRNA resulted in decreases in the average speed of mitochondrial movements, by 30 to 40%. We observed a reduction in the average speed of mitochondrial movements (by 22 to 48%) under high calcium conditions. This attenuation in the presence of calcium was negated in cells pre-treated with siRNA targeted to the microtubule motor protein adaptor, Milton, suggesting that Milton is involved in mediating mitochondrial arrest in the presence of high calcium within muscle cells. Thus, we have demonstrated that, in myoblasts, mitochondria primarily move along microtubules tracks with the aid of the motor proteins Kif5B and dynein, in a manner which is inhibited by calcium. These observations will eventually help us understand organelle movements in more complex muscle systems, such as mature myotubes subjected to elevated calcium levels and contractile activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Iqbal
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Recent advances in mitochondrial turnover during chronic muscle disuse. Integr Med Res 2014; 3:161-171. [PMID: 28664093 PMCID: PMC5481769 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic muscle disuse, such as that resulting from immobilization, denervation, or prolonged physical inactivity, produces atrophy and a loss of mitochondria, yet the molecular relationship between these events is not fully understood. In this review we attempt to identify the key regulatory steps mediating the loss of muscle mass and the decline in mitochondrial content and function. An understanding of common intracellular signaling pathways may provide much-needed insight into the possible therapeutic targets for treatments that will maintain aerobic energy metabolism and preserve muscle mass during disuse conditions.
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22
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Shindou H, Hishikawa D, Harayama T, Eto M, Shimizu T. Generation of membrane diversity by lysophospholipid acyltransferases. J Biochem 2013; 154:21-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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