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Hssain-Khalladi S, Giron A, Huneau C, Gitton C, Schwartz D, George N, Le Van Quyen M, Marrelec G, Marchand-Pauvert V. Further characterisation of late somatosensory evoked potentials using electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram source imaging. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3772-3794. [PMID: 38726801 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Beside the well-documented involvement of secondary somatosensory area, the cortical network underlying late somatosensory evoked potentials (P60/N60 and P100/N100) is still unknown. Electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram source imaging were performed to further investigate the origin of the brain cortical areas involved in late somatosensory evoked potentials, using sensory inputs of different strengths and by testing the correlation between cortical sources. Simultaneous high-density electroencephalograms and magnetoencephalograms were performed in 19 participants, and electrical stimulation was applied to the median nerve (wrist level) at intensity between 1.5 and 9 times the perceptual threshold. Source imaging was undertaken to map the stimulus-induced brain cortical activity according to each individual brain magnetic resonance imaging, during three windows of analysis covering early and late somatosensory evoked potentials. Results for P60/N60 and P100/N100 were compared with those for P20/N20 (early response). According to literature, maximal activity during P20/N20 was found in central sulcus contralateral to stimulation site. During P60/N60 and P100/N100, activity was observed in contralateral primary sensorimotor area, secondary somatosensory area (on both hemispheres) and premotor and multisensory associative cortices. Late responses exhibited similar characteristics but different from P20/N20, and no significant correlation was found between early and late generated activities. Specific clusters of cortical activities were activated with specific input/output relationships underlying early and late somatosensory evoked potentials. Cortical networks, partly common to and distinct from early somatosensory responses, contribute to late responses, all participating in the complex somatosensory brain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hssain-Khalladi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d'Excellence SMART, Paris, France
| | - Alain Giron
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France
| | - Clément Huneau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes, LS2N, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Gitton
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Denis Schwartz
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie George
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Michel Le Van Quyen
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Marrelec
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France
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Ritter C, Geisler M, Blume KR, Nehrdich S, Hofmann GO, Koehler H, Miltner WHR, Weiss T. Stimulation of peroneal nerves reveals maintained somatosensory representation in transtibial amputees. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1240937. [PMID: 37746055 PMCID: PMC10512738 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1240937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several studies have found changes in the organization of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) after amputation. This SI reorganization was mainly investigated by stimulating neighboring areas to amputation. Unexpectedly, the somatosensory representation of the deafferented limb has rarely been directly tested. Methods We stimulated the truncated peroneal nerve in 24 unilateral transtibial amputees and 15 healthy controls. The stimulation intensity was adjusted to make the elicited percept comparable between both stimulation sides. Neural sources of the somatosensory-evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) to peroneal stimulation were localized in the contralateral foot/leg areas of SI in 19 patients and 14 healthy controls. Results We demonstrated the activation of functionally preserved cortical representations of amputated lower limbs. None of the patients reported evoked phantom limb pain (PLP) during stimulation. Stimulation that evoked perceptions in the foot required stronger intensities on the amputated side than on the intact side. In addition to this, stronger stimulation intensities were required for amputees than for healthy controls. Exploratorily, PLP intensity was neither associated with stimulation intensity nor dipole strength nor with differences in Euclidean distances (between SEF sources of the healthy peroneus and mirrored SEF sources of the truncated peroneus). Discussion Our results provide hope that the truncated nerve may be used to establish both motor control and somatosensory feedback via the nerve trunk when a permanently functional connection between the nerve trunk and the prosthesis becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ritter
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Clinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Geisler
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Clinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Kathrin R. Blume
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Nehrdich
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Clinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gunther O. Hofmann
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannstrost Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hanna Koehler
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Biomagnetic Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. R. Miltner
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiss
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Vorwerk J, Aydin Ü, Wolters CH, Butson CR. Influence of Head Tissue Conductivity Uncertainties on EEG Dipole Reconstruction. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:531. [PMID: 31231178 PMCID: PMC6558618 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable EEG source analysis depends on sufficiently detailed and accurate head models. In this study, we investigate how uncertainties inherent to the experimentally determined conductivity values of the different conductive compartments influence the results of EEG source analysis. In a single source scenario, the superficial and focal somatosensory P20/N20 component, we analyze the influence of varying conductivities on dipole reconstructions using a generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) approach. We find that in particular the conductivity uncertainties for skin and skull have a significant influence on the EEG inverse solution, leading to variations in source localization by several centimeters. The conductivity uncertainties for gray and white matter were found to have little influence on the source localization, but a strong influence on the strength and orientation of the reconstructed source, respectively. As the CSF conductivity is most accurately determined of all conductivities in a realistic head model, CSF conductivity uncertainties had a negligible influence on the source reconstruction. This small uncertainty is a further benefit of distinguishing the CSF in realistic volume conductor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Vorwerk
- Scientific Computing & Imaging (SCI) Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Ümit Aydin
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Physics and PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carsten H. Wolters
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher R. Butson
- Scientific Computing & Imaging (SCI) Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neurology, and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Porcaro C, Cottone C, Cancelli A, Salustri C, Tecchio F. Functional Semi-Blind Source Separation Identifies Primary Motor Area Without Active Motor Execution. Int J Neural Syst 2018; 28:1750047. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065717500472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High time resolution techniques are crucial for investigating the brain in action. Here, we propose a method to identify a section of the upper-limb motor area representation (FS_M1) by means of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals recorded during a completely passive condition (FS_M1bySS). We delivered a galvanic stimulation to the median nerve and we applied to EEG the semi-Blind Source Separation (s-BSS) algorithm named Functional Source Separation (FSS). In order to prove that FS_M1bySS is part of FS_M1, we also collected EEG in a motor condition, i.e. during a voluntary movement task (isometric handgrip) and in a rest condition, i.e. at rest with eyes open and closed. In motor condition, we show that the cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) of FS_M1bySS does not differ from FS_ M1 CMC (0.04 for both sources). Moreover, we show that the FS_M1bySS’s ongoing whole band activity during Motor and both rest conditions displays high mutual information and time correlation with FS_M1 (above 0.900 and 0.800, respectively) whereas much smaller ones with the primary somatosensory cortex [Formula: see text] (about 0.300 and 0.500, [Formula: see text]). FS_M1bySS as a marker of the upper-limb FS_M1 representation obtainable without the execution of an active motor task is a great achievement of the FSS algorithm, relevant in most experimental, neurological and psychiatric protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Porcaro
- LET’S - ISTC - CNR, Rome 00185, Italy
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Birmingham University Imaging Centre (BUIC), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Bi-phasic activation of the primary motor cortex by pain and its relation to pain-evoked potentials − an exploratory study. Behav Brain Res 2017; 328:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rembado I, Castagnola E, Turella L, Ius T, Budai R, Ansaldo A, Angotzi GN, Debertoldi F, Ricci D, Skrap M, Fadiga L. Independent Component Decomposition of Human Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Recorded by Micro-Electrocorticography. Int J Neural Syst 2016; 27:1650052. [PMID: 27712455 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065716500520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-density surface microelectrodes for electrocorticography (ECoG) have become more common in recent years for recording electrical signals from the cortex. With an acceptable invasiveness/signal fidelity trade-off and high spatial resolution, micro-ECoG is a promising tool to resolve fine task-related spatial-temporal dynamics. However, volume conduction - not a negligible phenomenon - is likely to frustrate efforts to obtain reliable and resolved signals from a sub-millimeter electrode array. To address this issue, we performed an independent component analysis (ICA) on micro-ECoG recordings of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) elicited by median nerve stimulation in three human patients undergoing brain surgery for tumor resection. Using well-described cortical responses in SEPs, we were able to validate our results showing that the array could segregate different functional units possessing unique, highly localized spatial distributions. The representation of signals through the root-mean-square (rms) maps and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis emphasizes the advantages of adopting a source analysis approach on micro-ECoG recordings in order to obtain a clear picture of cortical activity. The implications are twofold: while on one side ICA may be used as a spatial-temporal filter extracting micro-signal components relevant to tasks for brain-computer interface (BCI) applications, it could also be adopted to accurately identify the sites of nonfunctional regions for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rembado
- 1 Center for Translational Neurophysiology IIT@Unife, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Castagnola
- 1 Center for Translational Neurophysiology IIT@Unife, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Turella
- 2 University of Trento, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), Via delle Regole, 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Tamara Ius
- 3 Struttura complessa di Neurochirurgia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Budai
- 3 Struttura complessa di Neurochirurgia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Ansaldo
- 4 Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Gian Nicola Angotzi
- 5 Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Debertoldi
- 6 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Psychiatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Ricci
- 1 Center for Translational Neurophysiology IIT@Unife, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- 3 Struttura complessa di Neurochirurgia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- 1 Center for Translational Neurophysiology IIT@Unife, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,7 Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Anzellotti F, Onofrj M, Bonanni L, Saracino A, Franciotti R. Giant early components of somatosensory evoked potentials to tibial nerve stimulation in cortical myoclonus. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:212-8. [PMID: 27489768 PMCID: PMC4949734 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enlarged cortical components of somatosensory evoked potentials (giant SEPs) recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) and abnormal somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) recorded by magnetoencephalography (MEG) are observed in the majority of patients with cortical myoclonus (CM). Studies on simultaneous recordings of SEPs and SEFs showed that generator mechanism of giant SEPs involves both primary sensory and motor cortices. However the generator sources of giant SEPs have not been fully understood as only one report describes clearly giant SEPs following lower limb stimulation. In our study we performed a combined EEG-MEG recording on responses elicited by electric median and tibial nerve stimulation in a patient who developed consequently to methyl bromide intoxication CM with giant SEPs to median and tibial nerve stimuli. SEPs wave shapes were identified on the basis of polarity-latency components (e.g. P15-N20-P25) as defined by earlier studies and guidelines. At EEG recording, the SEP giant component did not appear in the latency range of the first cortical component for median nerve SEP (N20), but appeared instead in the range of the P37 tibial nerve SEP, which is currently identified as the first cortical component elicited by tibial nerve stimuli. Our MEG and EEG SEPs recordings also showed that components in the latency range of P37 were preceded by other cortical components. These findings suggest that lower limb P37 does not correspond to upper limb N20. MEG results confirmed that giant SEFs are the second component from both tibial (N43m-P43m) and median (N27m-P27m) nerve stimulation. MEG dipolar sources of these giant components were located in the primary sensory and motor area. Lower limb P37 is probably not the component corresponding to upper limb N20. Lower limb P37 was preceded by other cortical components. Giant SEPs and SEFs are the second component for both tibial and median nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Anzellotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University and Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University and Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neurology, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University and Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neurology, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Saracino
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University and Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neurology, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy; ITAB, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Effect of Range and Angular Velocity of Passive Movement on Somatosensory Evoked Magnetic Fields. Brain Topogr 2016; 29:693-703. [PMID: 27075772 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-016-0492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To clarify characteristics of each human somatosensory evoked field (SEF) component following passive movement (PM), PM1, PM2, and PM3, using high spatiotemporal resolution 306-channel magnetoencephalography and varying PM range and angular velocity. We recorded SEFs following PM under three conditions [normal range-normal velocity (NN), small range-normal velocity (SN), and small range-slow velocity (SS)] with changing movement range and angular velocity in 12 participants and calculated the amplitude, equivalent current dipole (ECD) location, and the ECD strength for each component. All components were observed in six participants, whereas only PM1 and PM3 in the other six. Clear response deflections at the ipsilateral hemisphere to PM side were observed in seven participants. PM1 amplitude was larger under NN and SN conditions, and mean ECD location for PM1 was at primary motor area. PM3 amplitude was larger under SN condition and mean ECD location for PM3 under SS condition was at primary somatosensory area. PM1 amplitude was dependent on the angular velocity of PM, suggesting that PM1 reflects afferent input from muscle spindle, whereas PM3 amplitude was dependent on the duration. The ECD for PM3 was located in the primary somatosensory cortex, suggesting that PM3 reflects cutaneous input. We confirmed the hypothesis for locally distinct generators and characteristics of each SEF component.
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Bradley C, Joyce N, Garcia-Larrea L. Adaptation in human somatosensory cortex as a model of sensory memory construction: a study using high-density EEG. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:421-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carson RG, Kennedy NC. Modulation of human corticospinal excitability by paired associative stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:823. [PMID: 24348369 PMCID: PMC3847812 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) has come to prominence as a potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of brain injury/disease, and as an experimental method with which to investigate Hebbian principles of neural plasticity in humans. Prototypically, a single electrical stimulus is directed to a peripheral nerve in advance of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered to the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1). Repeated pairing of the stimuli (i.e., association) over an extended period may increase or decrease the excitability of corticospinal projections from M1, in manner that depends on the interstimulus interval (ISI). It has been suggested that these effects represent a form of associative long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) that bears resemblance to spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) as it has been elaborated in animal models. With a large body of empirical evidence having emerged since the cardinal features of PAS were first described, and in light of the variations from the original protocols that have been implemented, it is opportune to consider whether the phenomenology of PAS remains consistent with the characteristic features that were initially disclosed. This assessment necessarily has bearing upon interpretation of the effects of PAS in relation to the specific cellular pathways that are putatively engaged, including those that adhere to the rules of STDP. The balance of evidence suggests that the mechanisms that contribute to the LTP- and LTD-type responses to PAS differ depending on the precise nature of the induction protocol that is used. In addition to emphasizing the requirement for additional explanatory models, in the present analysis we highlight the key features of the PAS phenomenology that require interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland ; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, UK
| | - Niamh C Kennedy
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, UK ; School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich, UK
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Suzuki M, Wasaka T, Inui K, Kakigi R. Reappraisal of field dynamics of motor cortex during self-paced finger movements. Brain Behav 2013; 3:747-62. [PMID: 24363977 PMCID: PMC3868179 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact origin of neuronal responses in the human sensorimotor cortex subserving the generation of voluntary movements remains unclear, despite the presence of characteristic but robust waveforms in the records of electroencephalography or magnetoencephalography (MEG). AIMS To clarify this fundamental and important problem, we analyzed MEG in more detail using a multidipole model during pulsatile extension of the index finger, and made some important new findings. RESULTS Movement-related cerebral fields (MRCFs) were confirmed over the sensorimotor region contralateral to the movement, consisting of a temporal succession of the first premovement component termed motor field, followed by two or three postmovement components termed movement evoked fields. A source analysis was applied to separately model each of these field components. Equivalent current diploes of all components of MRCFs were estimated to be located in the same precentral motor region, and did not differ with respect to their locations and orientations. The somatosensory evoked fields following median nerve stimulation were used to validate these findings through comparisons of the location and orientation of composite sources with those specified in MRCFs. The sources for the earliest components were evoked in Brodmann's area 3b located lateral to the sources of MRCFs, and those for subsequent components in area 5 and the secondary somatosensory area were located posterior to and inferior to the sources of MRCFs, respectively. Another component peaking at a comparable latency with the area 3b source was identified in the precentral motor region where all sources of MRCFs were located. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the MRCF waveform reflects a series of responses originating in the precentral motor area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Suzuki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan ; Department of Psychology, Kinjo Gakuin University Omori 2-1723 Moriyama, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Wasaka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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Papazachariadis O, Dante V, Ferraina S. Median nerve stimulation modulates extracellular signals in the primary motor area of a macaque monkey. Neurosci Lett 2013; 550:184-8. [PMID: 23810803 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to better define the functional influence of somatosensory stimuli on the primary motor cortex (M1) of primates, we investigated changes in extracellular neural activity induced by repetitive median nerve stimulation (MNS). We described neural adaptation and signal integration in both the multiunit activity (MUA) and the local field potential (LFP). To identify integration of initial M1 activity in the MNS response, we tested the correlation between peak amplitude responses and band energy preceding the peaks. Most of the sites studied in the M1 resulted responsive to MNS. MUA response peak amplitude decreased significantly in time in all sites during repetitive MNS, LFP response peak amplitude instead resulted more variable. Similarly, correlation analysis with the initial activity revealed a significant influence when tested using MUA peak amplitude modulation and a less significant correlation when tested using LFP peak amplitude. Our findings improve current knowledge on mechanisms underlying early M1 changes consequent to afferent somatosensory stimuli.
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Nierula B, Hohlefeld FU, Curio G, Nikulin VV. No somatotopy of sensorimotor alpha-oscillation responses to differential finger stimulation. Neuroimage 2013; 76:294-303. [PMID: 23523812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The somatotopic layout of the primary somatosensory cortex is known for its fine spatial structure as delineated in single cell recordings and macroscopic EEG evoked responses. While a gross somatotopic layout has been revealed also for neuronal oscillations responding to sensorimotor stimulation of distant body parts (e.g. hand vs. foot), it is still unclear whether these oscillatory dynamics exhibit fine spatial layout comparable to those found in evoked responses. In twelve healthy subjects we applied electric stimuli to the first (D1) and fifth finger (D5) of the same hand while performing high-density electroencephalography. We used Common Spatial Pattern analysis to optimally extract components showing the strongest Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) in neuronal alpha oscillations. In agreement with the previous studies, dipole locations of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs) confirmed the existence of spatially distinct representations of each finger. In contrast, dipole locations of alpha-ERD patterns did not yield spatially different source locations, indicating that the stimulation of different fingers most likely resulted in oscillatory activity of overlapping neuronal populations. When both fingers were stimulated simultaneously the SEP dipole strength was found increased in comparison to a stimulation of either finger alone, in agreement with spatially distinct SEP to finger stimulation. The strength of ERD, on the other hand, was the same regardless of whether either one or both fingers were stimulated. Our findings might reflect anatomical constraints on the sequential temporal activation of fingers' skin where almost simultaneous activation of many fingers usually occurs in everyday activities, such as grasping or holding objects. Such simultaneity is unlikely to benefit from slow amplitude modulation of alpha oscillations, which would rather be beneficial for contrasting somatosensory processing of distinct body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Nierula
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
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Machado C, Estévez M, Rodríguez R, Carrick FR, Melillo R, Leisman G. Bilateral N20 absence in post-anoxic coma: do you pay attention? Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 123:1264-6. [PMID: 22209660 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cortical evoked potentials in children of diabetic mothers. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:640535. [PMID: 21977021 PMCID: PMC3184432 DOI: 10.1155/2011/640535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetic mothers' infants show a delay of visual evoked potential (VEP) significantly
related to some parameters of poor metabolic control during pregnancy. In the present paper we
analyzed the characteristics of VEPs and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded in
16 three-year-old type 1 diabetic mothers' children (DMC). Compared with controls (23 nondiabetic mothers' healthy matched children), DMC showed significantly delayed mean latency of
VEP (P2) and SEP (P22). In 3 cases (19%), we found pathological responses (+3 SD from the
mean value of controls) of VEPs and SEPs. At the age of 3 years, the offspring of type 1 diabetic
mothers showed delay of cortical evoked responses in both visual and somatosensory systems.
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Baumgärtner U, Vogel H, Ohara S, Treede RD, Lenz F. Dipole source analyses of laser evoked potentials obtained from subdural grid recordings from primary somatic sensory cortex. J Neurophysiol 2011; 106:722-30. [PMID: 21593389 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00135.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cortical potentials evoked by cutaneous application of a laser stimulus (laser evoked potentials, LEP) often include potentials in the primary somatic sensory cortex (S1), which may be located within the subdivisions of S1 including Brodmann areas 3A, 3B, 1, and 2. The precise location of the LEP generator may clarify the pattern of activation of human S1 by painful stimuli. We now test the hypothesis that the generators of the LEP are located in human Brodmann area 1 or 3A within S1. Local field potential (LFP) source analysis of the LEP was obtained from subdural grids over sensorimotor cortex in two patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. The relationship of LEP dipoles was compared with dipoles for somatic sensory potentials evoked by median nerve stimulation (SEP) and recorded in area 3B (see Baumgärtner U, Vogel H, Ohara S, Treede RD, Lenz FA. J Neurophysiol 104: 3029-3041, 2010). Both patients had an early radial dipole in S1. The LEP dipole was located medial, anterior, and deep to the SEP dipole, which suggests a nociceptive dipole in area 3A. One patient had a later tangential dipole with positivity posterior, which is opposite to the orientation of the SEP dipole in area 3B. The reversal of orientations between modalities is consistent with the cortical surface negative orientation resulting from superficial termination of thalamocortical neurons that receive inputs from the spinothalamic tract. Therefore, the present results suggest that the LEP may result in a radial dipole consistent with a generator in area 3A and a putative later tangential generator in area 3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Baumgärtner
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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