1
|
Zhao B, Wang R, Zhu Z, Yang Q, Chen A. The computational rules of cross-modality suppression in the visual posterior sylvian area. iScience 2023; 26:106973. [PMID: 37378331 PMCID: PMC10291470 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The macaque visual posterior sylvian area (VPS) is an area with neurons responding selectively to heading direction in both visual and vestibular modalities, but how VPS neurons combined these two sensory signals is still unknown. In contrast to the subadditive characteristics in the medial superior temporal area (MSTd), responses in VPS were dominated by vestibular signals, with approximately a winner-take-all competition. The conditional Fisher information analysis shows that VPS neural population encodes information from distinct sensory modalities under large and small offset conditions, which differs from MSTd whose neural population contains more information about visual stimuli in both conditions. However, the combined responses of single neurons in both areas can be well fit by weighted linear sums of unimodal responses. Furthermore, a normalization model captured most vestibular and visual interaction characteristics for both VPS and MSTd, indicating the divisive normalization mechanism widely exists in the cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhihua Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qianli Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salvi R, Radziwon K, Manohar S, Auerbach B, Ding D, Liu X, Lau C, Chen YC, Chen GD. Review: Neural Mechanisms of Tinnitus and Hyperacusis in Acute Drug-Induced Ototoxicity. Am J Audiol 2021; 30:901-915. [PMID: 33465315 DOI: 10.1044/2020_aja-20-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tinnitus and hyperacusis are debilitating conditions often associated with age-, noise-, and drug-induced hearing loss. Because of their subjective nature, the neural mechanisms that give rise to tinnitus and hyperacusis are poorly understood. Over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in deciphering the biological bases for these disorders using animal models. Method Important advances in understanding the biological bases of tinnitus and hyperacusis have come from studies in which tinnitus and hyperacusis are consistently induced with a high dose of salicylate, the active ingredient in aspirin. Results Salicylate induced a transient hearing loss characterized by a reduction in otoacoustic emissions, a moderate cochlear threshold shift, and a large reduction in the neural output of the cochlea. As the weak cochlear neural signals were relayed up the auditory pathway, they were progressively amplified so that the suprathreshold neural responses in the auditory cortex were much larger than normal. Excessive central gain (neural amplification), presumably resulting from diminished inhibition, is believed to contribute to hyperacusis and tinnitus. Salicylate also increased corticosterone stress hormone levels. Functional imaging studies indicated that salicylate increased spontaneous activity and enhanced functional connectivity between structures in the central auditory pathway and regions of the brain associated with arousal (reticular formation), emotion (amygdala), memory/spatial navigation (hippocampus), motor planning (cerebellum), and motor control (caudate/putamen). Conclusion These results suggest that tinnitus and hyperacusis arise from aberrant neural signaling in a complex neural network that includes both auditory and nonauditory structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Kelly Radziwon
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Senthilvelan Manohar
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Ben Auerbach
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Dalian Ding
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Condon Lau
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Guang-Di Chen
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salvi R, Auerbach BD, Lau C, Chen YC, Manohar S, Liu X, Ding D, Chen GD. Functional Neuroanatomy of Salicylate- and Noise-Induced Tinnitus and Hyperacusis. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 51:133-160. [PMID: 32653998 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus and hyperacusis are debilitating conditions often associated with aging or exposure to intense noise or ototoxic drugs. One of the most reliable methods of inducing tinnitus is with high doses of sodium salicylate, the active ingredient in aspirin. High doses of salicylate have been widely used to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of tinnitus and hyperacusis. High doses of salicylate have been used to develop novel behavioral methods to detect the presence of tinnitus and hyperacusis in animal models. Salicylate typically induces a hearing loss of approximately 20 dB which greatly reduces the neural output of the cochlea. As this weak neural signal emerging from the cochlea is sequentially relayed to the cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate, and auditory cortex, the neural response to suprathreshold sounds is progressively amplified by a factor of 2-3 by the time the signal reaches the auditory cortex, a phenomenon referred to as enhanced central gain. Sound-evoked hyperactivity also occurred in the amygdala, a region that assigns emotional significance to sensory stimuli. Resting state functional magnetic imaging of the BOLD signal revealed salicylate-induced increases in spontaneous neural activity in the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and auditory cortex as well as in non-auditory areas such as the amygdala, reticular formation, cerebellum, and other sensory areas. Functional connectivity of the BOLD signal revealed increased neural coupling between several auditory areas and non-auditory areas such as the amygdala, cerebellum, reticular formation, hippocampus, and caudate/putamen; these strengthened connections likely contribute to the multifaceted dimensions of tinnitus. Taken together, these results suggest that salicylate-induced tinnitus disrupts a complex neural network involving many auditory centers as well as brain regions involved with emotion, arousal, memory, and motor planning. These extra-auditory centers embellish the basic auditory percepts that results in tinnitus and which may also contribute to hyperacusis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | | | - Condon Lau
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dalian Ding
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Guang-Di Chen
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin TC, Smith PH, Joris PX. Neural Mechanisms of Binaural Processing in the Auditory Brainstem. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1503-1575. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
5
|
Chandrasekaran C, Blurton SP, Gondan M. Audiovisual detection at different intensities and delays. JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 91:159-175. [PMID: 31404455 PMCID: PMC6688765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the redundant signals task, two target stimuli are associated with the same response. If both targets are presented together, redundancy gains are observed, as compared with single-target presentation. Different models explain these redundancy gains, including race and coactivation models (e.g., the Wiener diffusion superposition model, Schwarz, 1994, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, and the Ornstein Uhlenbeck diffusion superposition model, Diederich, 1995, Journal of Mathematical Psychology). In the present study, two monkeys performed a simple detection task with auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli of different intensities and onset asynchronies. In its basic form, a Wiener diffusion superposition model provided only a poor description of the observed data, especially of the detection rate (i.e., accuracy or hit rate) for low stimulus intensity. We expanded the model in two ways, by (A) adding a temporal deadline, that is, restricting the evidence accumulation process to a stopping time, and (B) adding a second "nogo" barrier representing target absence. We present closed-form solutions for the mean absorption times and absorption probabilities for a Wiener diffusion process with a drift towards a single barrier in the presence of a temporal deadline (A), and numerically improved solutions for the two-barrier model (B). The best description of the data was obtained from the deadline model and substantially outperformed the two-barrier approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandramouli Chandrasekaran
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Domínguez-Borràs J, Guex R, Méndez-Bértolo C, Legendre G, Spinelli L, Moratti S, Frühholz S, Mégevand P, Arnal L, Strange B, Seeck M, Vuilleumier P. Human amygdala response to unisensory and multisensory emotion input: No evidence for superadditivity from intracranial recordings. Neuropsychologia 2019; 131:9-24. [PMID: 31158367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala is crucially implicated in processing emotional information from various sensory modalities. However, there is dearth of knowledge concerning the integration and relative time-course of its responses across different channels, i.e., for auditory, visual, and audiovisual input. Functional neuroimaging data in humans point to a possible role of this region in the multimodal integration of emotional signals, but direct evidence for anatomical and temporal overlap of unisensory and multisensory-evoked responses in amygdala is still lacking. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) and oscillatory activity from 9 amygdalae using intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in patients prior to epilepsy surgery, and compared electrophysiological responses to fearful, happy, or neutral stimuli presented either in voices alone, faces alone, or voices and faces simultaneously delivered. Results showed differential amygdala responses to fearful stimuli, in comparison to neutral, reaching significance 100-200 ms post-onset for auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli. At later latencies, ∼400 ms post-onset, amygdala response to audiovisual information was also amplified in comparison to auditory or visual stimuli alone. Importantly, however, we found no evidence for either super- or subadditivity effects in any of the bimodal responses. These results suggest, first, that emotion processing in amygdala occurs at globally similar early stages of perceptual processing for auditory, visual, and audiovisual inputs; second, that overall larger responses to multisensory information occur at later stages only; and third, that the underlying mechanisms of this multisensory gain may reflect a purely additive response to concomitant visual and auditory inputs. Our findings provide novel insights on emotion processing across the sensory pathways, and their convergence within the limbic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Domínguez-Borràs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Raphaël Guex
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Guillaume Legendre
- Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Basic Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Spinelli
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Moratti
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sascha Frühholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Mégevand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Basic Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Luc Arnal
- Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Basic Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Bryan Strange
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; Department of Neuroimaging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Margitta Seeck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Basic Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gharaei S, Arabzadeh E, Solomon SG. Integration of visual and whisker signals in rat superior colliculus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16445. [PMID: 30401871 PMCID: PMC6219574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration is a process by which signals from different sensory modalities are combined to facilitate detection and localization of external events. One substrate for multisensory integration is the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) which plays an important role in orienting behavior. In rodent SC, visual and somatosensory (whisker) representations are in approximate registration, but whether and how these signals interact is unclear. We measured spiking activity in SC of anesthetized hooded rats, during presentation of visual- and whisker stimuli that were tested simultaneously or in isolation. Visual responses were found in all layers, but were primarily located in superficial layers. Whisker responsive sites were primarily found in intermediate layers. In single- and multi-unit recording sites, spiking activity was usually only sensitive to one modality, when stimuli were presented in isolation. By contrast, we observed robust and primarily suppressive interactions when stimuli were presented simultaneously to both modalities. We conclude that while visual and whisker representations in SC of rat are partially overlapping, there is limited excitatory convergence onto individual sites. Multimodal integration may instead rely on suppressive interactions between modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Gharaei
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The Australian National University Node, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The Australian National University Node, Canberra, Australia
| | - Samuel G Solomon
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bednárová V, Grothe B, Myoga MH. Complex and spatially segregated auditory inputs of the mouse superior colliculus. J Physiol 2018; 596:5281-5298. [PMID: 30206945 PMCID: PMC6209754 DOI: 10.1113/jp276370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Although the visual circuits in the superior colliculus (SC) have been thoroughly examined, the auditory circuits lack equivalent scrutiny. SC neurons receiving auditory inputs in mice were characterized and three distinguishable types of neurons were found. The auditory pathways from external nuclei of the inferior colliculus (IC) were characterized, and a novel direct inhibitory connection and an excitation that drives feed‐forward inhibitory circuits within the SC were found. The direct excitatory and inhibitory inputs exhibited distinct arbourization patterns in the SC. These findings suggest functional differences between excitatory and inhibitory sensory information that targets the auditory SC.
Abstract The superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain structure that integrates auditory, somatosensory and visual inputs to drive orientation movements. While much is known about how visual information is processed in the superficial layers of the SC, little is known about the SC circuits in the deep layers that process auditory inputs. We therefore characterized intrinsic neuronal properties in the auditory‐recipient layer of the SC (stratum griseum profundum; SGP) and confirmed three electrophysiologically defined clusters of neurons, consistent with literature from other SC layers. To determine the types of inputs to the SGP, we expressed Channelrhodopsin‐2 in the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC) and external cortex of the inferior colliculus (ECIC) and optically stimulated these pathways while recording from SGP neurons. Probing the connections in this manner, we described a monosynaptic excitation that additionally drives feed‐forward inhibition via circuits intrinsic to the SC. Moreover, we found a profound long‐range monosynaptic inhibition in 100% of recorded SGP neurons, a surprising finding considering that only about 15% of SGP‐projecting neurons in the nBIC/ECIC are inhibitory. Furthermore, we found spatial differences in the cell body locations as well as axon trajectories between the monosynaptic excitatory and inhibitory inputs, suggesting that these inputs may be functionally distinct. Taking this together with recent anatomical evidence suggesting an auditory excitation from the nBIC and a GABAergic multimodal inhibition from the ECIC, we propose that sensory integration in the SGP is more multifaceted than previously thought. Although the visual circuits in the superior colliculus (SC) have been thoroughly examined, the auditory circuits lack equivalent scrutiny. SC neurons receiving auditory inputs in mice were characterized and three distinguishable types of neurons were found. The auditory pathways from external nuclei of the inferior colliculus (IC) were characterized, and a novel direct inhibitory connection and an excitation that drives feed‐forward inhibitory circuits within the SC were found. The direct excitatory and inhibitory inputs exhibited distinct arbourization patterns in the SC. These findings suggest functional differences between excitatory and inhibitory sensory information that targets the auditory SC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bednárová
- Max Planck Fellow Group: Circuits of Spatial Hearing, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Division of Neurobiology, Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Benedikt Grothe
- Max Planck Fellow Group: Circuits of Spatial Hearing, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Division of Neurobiology, Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael H Myoga
- Max Planck Fellow Group: Circuits of Spatial Hearing, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Division of Neurobiology, Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Someya M, Ogawa H. Multisensory enhancement of burst activity in an insect auditory neuron. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:139-148. [PMID: 29641303 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00798.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting predators is crucial for survival. In insects, a few sensory interneurons receiving sensory input from a distinct receptive organ extract specific features informing the animal about approaching predators and mediate avoidance behaviors. Although integration of multiple sensory cues relevant to the predator enhances sensitivity and precision, it has not been established whether the sensory interneurons that act as predator detectors integrate multiple modalities of sensory inputs elicited by predators. Using intracellular recording techniques, we found that the cricket auditory neuron AN2, which is sensitive to the ultrasound-like echolocation calls of bats, responds to airflow stimuli transduced by the cercal organ, a mechanoreceptor in the abdomen. AN2 enhanced spike outputs in response to cross-modal stimuli combining sound with airflow, and the linearity of the summation of multisensory integration depended on the magnitude of the evoked response. The enhanced AN2 activity contained bursts, triggering avoidance behavior. Moreover, cross-modal stimuli elicited larger and longer lasting excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) than unimodal stimuli, which would result from a sublinear summation of EPSPs evoked respectively by sound or airflow. The persistence of EPSPs was correlated with the occurrence and structure of burst activity. Our findings indicate that AN2 integrates bimodal signals and that multisensory integration rather than unimodal stimulation alone more reliably generates bursting activity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Crickets detect ultrasound with their tympanum and airflow with their cercal organ and process them as alert signals of predators. These sensory signals are integrated by auditory neuron AN2 in the early stages of sensory processing. Multisensory inputs from different sensory channels enhanced excitatory postsynaptic potentials to facilitate burst firing, which could trigger avoidance steering in flying crickets. Our results highlight the cellular basis of multisensory integration in AN2 and possible effects on escape behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Someya
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Hiroto Ogawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mellott JG, Beebe NL, Schofield BR. GABAergic and non-GABAergic projections to the superior colliculus from the auditory brainstem. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1923-1936. [PMID: 29302743 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The superior colliculus (SC) contains an auditory space map that is shaped by projections from several subcortical auditory nuclei. Both GABAergic (inhibitory) and excitatory cells contribute to these inputs, but there are contradictory reports regarding the sources of these inputs. We used retrograde tracing techniques in guinea pigs to identify cells in the auditory brainstem that project to the SC. We combined retrograde tracing with immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) to identify putative GABAergic cells that participate in this pathway. Following a tracer injection in the SC, the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (NBIC) contained the most labeled cells, followed by the inferior colliculus (IC). Smaller populations were observed in the sagulum, paralemniscal area, periolivary nuclei and ventrolateral tegmental nucleus. Overall, only 10% of the retrogradely labeled cells were GAD immunopositive. The presumptive inhibitory cells were observed in the NBIC, IC, superior paraolivary nucleus, sagulum and paralemniscal area. We conclude that the guinea pig SC receives input from a diverse set of auditory brainstem nuclei, some of which provide GABAergic input. These diverse origins of input to the SC likely represent a variety of functions. Inputs from the NBIC and IC likely provide spatial information for guiding orienting behaviors. Inputs from subcollicular nuclei are less likely to provide spatial information; rather, they may provide a shorter route for auditory information to reach the SC, and could generate avoidance or escape responses to an external threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, PO Box 95, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Nichole L Beebe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, PO Box 95, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Brett R Schofield
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, PO Box 95, Rootstown, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ohshiro T, Angelaki DE, DeAngelis GC. A Neural Signature of Divisive Normalization at the Level of Multisensory Integration in Primate Cortex. Neuron 2017; 95:399-411.e8. [PMID: 28728025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies of multisensory integration by single neurons have traditionally emphasized empirical principles that describe nonlinear interactions between inputs from two sensory modalities. We previously proposed that many of these empirical principles could be explained by a divisive normalization mechanism operating in brain regions where multisensory integration occurs. This normalization model makes a critical diagnostic prediction: a non-preferred sensory input from one modality, which activates the neuron on its own, should suppress the response to a preferred input from another modality. We tested this prediction by recording from neurons in macaque area MSTd that integrate visual and vestibular cues regarding self-motion. We show that many MSTd neurons exhibit the diagnostic form of cross-modal suppression, whereas unisensory neurons in area MT do not. The normalization model also fits population responses better than a model based on subtractive inhibition. These findings provide strong support for a divisive normalization mechanism in multisensory integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Ohshiro
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14611, USA; Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Dora E Angelaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gregory C DeAngelis
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Costa M, Lepore F, Guillemot JP. Spectral and temporal auditory processing in the superior colliculus of aged rats. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
13
|
Tang Z, Wang J, Xiao Z, Sun X, Feng X, Tang W, Chen Q, Wu L, Wang R, Zhong Y, Wang W, Luo J. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging combined with electrophysiology in the evaluation of visual pathway in experimental rat models with monocular blindness. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00731. [PMID: 28729937 PMCID: PMC5516605 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aimed to explore the feasibility of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) combined with visual evoked potentials (VEP) and auditory evoked visual cortex responses (AVR) in evaluating for the establishment of visual/auditory compensatory pathways after monocular blindness. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 14 healthy neonatal male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 7 for Groups A and B). Right optic nerve (ON) transection was performed on the 7 rats of Group A to obtain a monocularly blind model, and the 7 rats of Group B were chosen as the control group. Four months later, 400 mmol MnCl2 was injected into the left eye in both groups via intravitreal injection. The changes in the visual pathways projected from the blind eye and the remaining eye in Group A and the normal eyes in Group B were compared to determine if new visual compensatory pathways were established. Additionally, VEP tests were performed to determine complete blindness, and AVR examinations were performed to help identify the generation of auditory compensatory function. RESULTS The VEP test indicated complete visual loss after ON transection. In the monocularly blind rats, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of ON, optic tract (OT), lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), superior colliculus (SC), optic radiation (OR) and visual cortex (VC) of visual pathway projected from the left eye was significantly higher than that of the right pathway (p < .001). Moreover, the CNR of ON, OT, LGN, SC, OR and VC in the visual pathway projected from the left eye of monocularly blind rats was significantly lower than those of normal rats (p < .05). The AVR results revealed that the corresponding bilateral visual cortex in monocularly blind rats did not respond to the auditory stimulus or showed dissimilation with the low frequency. CONCLUSION MEMRI combined with electrophysiology, including VEP and AVR, may be potentially helpful in the evaluation of the possible generation of new visual/auditory compensatory pathways after monocular blindness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuohua Tang
- Department of Radiology Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zebin Xiao
- Department of Radiology Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Department of Ophthalmology Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Department of Ophthalmology Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Lingjie Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiology Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yufeng Zhong
- Department of Radiology Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Central Laboratory Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jianfeng Luo
- Health Statistics Shanghai Medical School Fudan University Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang Z, Wu L, Xiao Z, Feng X, Sun X, Tang W, Wang J, Jin L. Manganese-enhanced MRI (ME MRI) in evaluation of the auditory pathway in an experimental rat model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3677. [PMID: 27976435 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the optimal dose and manner of administration for visualization of the auditory pathway on manganese-enhanced MRI (ME MRI). Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 8 for Groups A, B and C). The rats in Groups A, B and C were subjected to MnCl2 injection through the tympanum, inner ear endolymph and perilymph, respectively (0.2 M for four rats and 0.4 M for the others in each group) and observed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 10 days after the operation with 3.0 T MRI. The signal intensity (SI) and dynamic changes of the auditory pathways at various times, and at two doses through three injection routes, were compared by statistical analysis. Administration of MnCl2 through the perilymph best showed the complete auditory pathway (P < 0.01), whereas administration though the tympanum only demonstrated part of the pathway. The SI was highest at 24 h after administration of the tracer and began to decline at 48 h. The SI of the auditory cortex was higher after the injection of 0.4 M MnCl2 than that of 0.2 M MnCl2 . ME MRI best demonstrated the whole auditory pathway at 24 h after the injection of 0.4 M MnCl2 through the perilymph in the rat, which provided an optimal method for the study of ME MRI of the auditory pathway in the animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuohua Tang
- Department of Radiology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjie Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zebin Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Jin
- Siemens Ltd. Healthcare Sector, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bueno-Junior LS, Ruggiero RN, Rossignoli MT, Del Bel EA, Leite JP, Uchitel OD. Acetazolamide potentiates the afferent drive to prefrontal cortex in vivo. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/1/e13066. [PMID: 28087816 PMCID: PMC5256155 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on real-time neurophysiological effects of acetazolamide is still far behind the wide clinical use of this drug. Acetazolamide - a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - has been shown to affect the neuromuscular transmission, implying a pH-mediated influence on the central synaptic transmission. To start filling such a gap, we chose a central substrate: hippocampal-prefrontal cortical projections; and a synaptic phenomenon: paired-pulse facilitation (a form of synaptic plasticity) to probe this drug's effects on interareal brain communication in chronically implanted rats. We observed that systemic acetazolamide potentiates the hippocampal-prefrontal paired-pulse facilitation. In addition to this field electrophysiology data, we found that acetazolamide exerts a net inhibitory effect on prefrontal cortical single-unit firing. We propose that systemic acetazolamide reduces the basal neuronal activity of the prefrontal cortex, whereas increasing the afferent drive it receives from the hippocampus. In addition to being relevant to the clinical and side effects of acetazolamide, these results suggest that exogenous pH regulation can have diverse impacts on afferent signaling across the neocortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lezio S Bueno-Junior
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Ruggiero
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus T Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Stomatology, Dentistry School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Joao P Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo D Uchitel
- Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology Molecular Biology and Neuroscience University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Felch DL, Khakhalin AS, Aizenman CD. Multisensory integration in the developing tectum is constrained by the balance of excitation and inhibition. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27218449 PMCID: PMC4912350 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration (MSI) is the process that allows the brain to bind together spatiotemporally congruent inputs from different sensory modalities to produce single salient representations. While the phenomenology of MSI in vertebrate brains is well described, relatively little is known about cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Here we use an isolated brain preparation to describe cellular mechanisms underlying development of MSI between visual and mechanosensory inputs in the optic tectum of Xenopus tadpoles. We find MSI is highly dependent on the temporal interval between crossmodal stimulus pairs. Over a key developmental period, the temporal window for MSI significantly narrows and is selectively tuned to specific interstimulus intervals. These changes in MSI correlate with developmental increases in evoked synaptic inhibition, and inhibitory blockade reverses observed developmental changes in MSI. We propose a model in which development of recurrent inhibition mediates development of temporal aspects of MSI in the tectum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Felch
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Arseny S Khakhalin
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Department of Biology, Bard College, New York, United States
| | - Carlos D Aizenman
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen YC, Li X, Liu L, Wang J, Lu CQ, Yang M, Jiao Y, Zang FC, Radziwon K, Chen GD, Sun W, Krishnan Muthaiah VP, Salvi R, Teng GJ. Tinnitus and hyperacusis involve hyperactivity and enhanced connectivity in auditory-limbic-arousal-cerebellar network. eLife 2015; 4:e06576. [PMID: 25962854 PMCID: PMC4426664 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss often triggers an inescapable buzz (tinnitus) and causes everyday sounds to become intolerably loud (hyperacusis), but exactly where and how this occurs in the brain is unknown. To identify the neural substrate for these debilitating disorders, we induced both tinnitus and hyperacusis with an ototoxic drug (salicylate) and used behavioral, electrophysiological, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques to identify the tinnitus-hyperacusis network. Salicylate depressed the neural output of the cochlea, but vigorously amplified sound-evoked neural responses in the amygdala, medial geniculate, and auditory cortex. Resting-state fMRI revealed hyperactivity in an auditory network composed of inferior colliculus, medial geniculate, and auditory cortex with side branches to cerebellum, amygdala, and reticular formation. Functional connectivity revealed enhanced coupling within the auditory network and segments of the auditory network and cerebellum, reticular formation, amygdala, and hippocampus. A testable model accounting for distress, arousal, and gating of tinnitus and hyperacusis is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Physiology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Physiology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Qiang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Chao Zang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kelly Radziwon
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, United States
| | - Guang-Di Chen
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, United States
| | | | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, United States
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gattass R, Galkin TW, Desimone R, Ungerleider LG. Subcortical connections of area V4 in the macaque. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:1941-65. [PMID: 24288173 PMCID: PMC3984622 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Area V4 has numerous, topographically organized connections with multiple cortical areas, some of which are important for spatially organized visual processing, and others which seem important for spatial attention. Although the topographic organization of V4's connections with other cortical areas has been established, the detailed topography of its connections with subcortical areas is unclear. We therefore injected retrograde and anterograde tracers in different topographical regions of V4 in nine macaques to determine the organization of its subcortical connections. The injection sites included representations ranging from the fovea to far peripheral eccentricities in both the upper and lower visual fields. The topographically organized connections of V4 included bidirectional connections with four subdivisions of the pulvinar, two subdivisions of the claustrum, and the interlaminar portions of the lateral geniculate nucleus, and efferent projections to the superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus, the thalamic reticular nucleus, and the caudate nucleus. All of these structures have a possible role in spatial attention. The nontopographic, or converging, connections included bidirectional connections with the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, afferent inputs from the dorsal raphe, median raphe, locus coeruleus, ventral tegmentum and nucleus basalis of Meynert, and efferent projections to the putamen. Any role of these structures in attention may be less spatially specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gattass
- Laboratory of Cognitive Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ,Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-900, Brazil
| | - Thelma W Galkin
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Robert Desimone
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT,Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Leslie G Ungerleider
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ungerleider LG, Galkin TW, Desimone R, Gattass R. Subcortical projections of area V2 in the macaque. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:1220-33. [PMID: 24456395 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the subcortical efferent connections of visual area V2, we injected tritiated amino acids under electrophysiological control into 15 V2 sites in 14 macaques. The injection sites included the fovea representation as well as representations ranging from central to far peripheral eccentricities in both the upper and lower visual fields. The results indicated that V2 projects topographically to different portions of the inferior and lateral pulvinar and to the superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus. Within the pulvinar, the V2 projections terminated in fields P1, P2, and P4, with the strongest projection being in P2. Central visual field injections in V2 labeled projection zones in P1 and P2, whereas peripheral field injections labeled P1, P2, and P4. No projections were found in P3. Both central and peripheral field injections in V2 projected topographically to the superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus. Projections from V2 to the pulvinar and the superior colliculus constituted cortical-subcortical loops through which circuits serving spatial attention are activated.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gattass R, Desimone R. Effect of microstimulation of the superior colliculus on visual space attention. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:1208-19. [PMID: 24456396 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of microstimulation of the superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC) on the performance of animals in a peripheral detection paradigm while maintaining fixation. In a matching-to-sample paradigm, a sample stimulus was presented at one location followed by a brief test stimulus at that (relevant) location and a distractor at another (irrelevant) location. While maintaining fixation, the monkey indicated whether the sample and the test stimulus matched, ignoring the distractor. The relevant and irrelevant locations were switched from trial to trial. Cells in the superficial layers of SC gave enhanced responses when the attended test stimulus was inside the receptive field compared with when the (physically identical) distractor was inside the field. These effects were found only in an "automatic" attentional cueing paradigm, in which a peripheral stimulus explicitly cued the animal as to the relevant location in the receptive field. No attentional effects were found with block of trials. The transient enhancement to the attended stimulus was observed at the onset and not at the offset of the stimulus. Electrical stimulation at the site corresponding to the irrelevant distractor location in the SC causes it to gain control over attention, causing impaired performance of the task at the relevant location. Stimulation at unattended sites without the presence of a distractor stimulus causes little or no impairment in performance. The effect of stimulation decays with successive stimulations. The animals learn to ignore the stimulation unless the parameters of the task are varied.
Collapse
|
21
|
Toscano-Márquez B, Dunn RJ, Krahe R. Distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA in the brain of the weakly electric fishApteronotus leptorhynchus. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:1054-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
22
|
Chandrasekaran C, Lemus L, Trubanova A, Gondan M, Ghazanfar AA. Monkeys and humans share a common computation for face/voice integration. PLoS Comput Biol 2011; 7:e1002165. [PMID: 21998576 PMCID: PMC3182859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech production involves the movement of the mouth and other regions of the face resulting in visual motion cues. These visual cues enhance intelligibility and detection of auditory speech. As such, face-to-face speech is fundamentally a multisensory phenomenon. If speech is fundamentally multisensory, it should be reflected in the evolution of vocal communication: similar behavioral effects should be observed in other primates. Old World monkeys share with humans vocal production biomechanics and communicate face-to-face with vocalizations. It is unknown, however, if they, too, combine faces and voices to enhance their perception of vocalizations. We show that they do: monkeys combine faces and voices in noisy environments to enhance their detection of vocalizations. Their behavior parallels that of humans performing an identical task. We explored what common computational mechanism(s) could explain the pattern of results we observed across species. Standard explanations or models such as the principle of inverse effectiveness and a "race" model failed to account for their behavior patterns. Conversely, a "superposition model", positing the linear summation of activity patterns in response to visual and auditory components of vocalizations, served as a straightforward but powerful explanatory mechanism for the observed behaviors in both species. As such, it represents a putative homologous mechanism for integrating faces and voices across primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandramouli Chandrasekaran
- Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Luis Lemus
- Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Andrea Trubanova
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Marcus Autism Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthias Gondan
- Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asif A. Ghazanfar
- Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hirokawa J, Sadakane O, Sakata S, Bosch M, Sakurai Y, Yamamori T. Multisensory information facilitates reaction speed by enlarging activity difference between superior colliculus hemispheres in rats. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25283. [PMID: 21966481 PMCID: PMC3180293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals can make faster behavioral responses to multisensory stimuli than to unisensory stimuli. The superior colliculus (SC), which receives multiple inputs from different sensory modalities, is considered to be involved in the initiation of motor responses. However, the mechanism by which multisensory information facilitates motor responses is not yet understood. Here, we demonstrate that multisensory information modulates competition among SC neurons to elicit faster responses. We conducted multiunit recordings from the SC of rats performing a two-alternative spatial discrimination task using auditory and/or visual stimuli. We found that a large population of SC neurons showed direction-selective activity before the onset of movement in response to the stimuli irrespective of stimulation modality. Trial-by-trial correlation analysis showed that the premovement activity of many SC neurons increased with faster reaction speed for the contraversive movement, whereas the premovement activity of another population of neurons decreased with faster reaction speed for the ipsiversive movement. When visual and auditory stimuli were presented simultaneously, the premovement activity of a population of neurons for the contraversive movement was enhanced, whereas the premovement activity of another population of neurons for the ipsiversive movement was depressed. Unilateral inactivation of SC using muscimol prolonged reaction times of contraversive movements, but it shortened those of ipsiversive movements. These findings suggest that the difference in activity between the SC hemispheres regulates the reaction speed of motor responses, and multisensory information enlarges the activity difference resulting in faster responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hirokawa
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Osamu Sadakane
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Miquel Bosch
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yoshio Sakurai
- Department of Psychology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The principle of inverse effectiveness in multisensory integration: some statistical considerations. Brain Topogr 2009; 21:168-76. [PMID: 19404728 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-009-0097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The principle of inverse effectiveness (PoIE) in multisensory integration states that, as the responsiveness to individual sensory stimuli decreases, the strength of multisensory integration increases. I discuss three potential problems in the analysis of multisensory data with regard to the PoIE. First, due to 'regression towards the mean,' the PoIE may often be observed in datasets that are analysed post-hoc (i.e., when sorting the data by the unisensory responses). The solution is to design discrete levels of stimulus intensity a priori. Second, due to neurophysiological or methodological constraints on responsiveness, the PoIE may be, in part, a consequence of 'floor' and 'ceiling' effects. The solution is to avoid analysing or interpreting data that are too close to the limits of responsiveness, enabling both enhancement and suppression to be reliably observed. Third, the choice of units of measurement may affect whether the PoIE is observed in a given dataset. Both relative (%) and absolute (raw) measurements have advantages, but the interpretation of both is affected by systematic changes in response variability with changes in response mean, an issue that may be addressed by using measures of discriminability or effect-size such as Cohen's d. Most importantly, randomising or permuting a dataset to construct a null distribution of a test parameter may best indicate whether any observed inverse effectiveness specifically characterises multisensory integration. When these considerations are taken into account, the PoIE may disappear or even reverse in a given dataset. I conclude that caution should be exercised when interpreting data that appear to follow the PoIE.
Collapse
|
25
|
Vachon-Presseau E, Martin A, Lepore F, Guillemot JP. Development of the representation of auditory space in the superior colliculus of the rat. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 29:652-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Morgan ML, Deangelis GC, Angelaki DE. Multisensory integration in macaque visual cortex depends on cue reliability. Neuron 2008; 59:662-73. [PMID: 18760701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 06/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Responses of multisensory neurons to combinations of sensory cues are generally enhanced or depressed relative to single cues presented alone, but the rules that govern these interactions have remained unclear. We examined integration of visual and vestibular self-motion cues in macaque area MSTd in response to unimodal as well as congruent and conflicting bimodal stimuli in order to evaluate hypothetical combination rules employed by multisensory neurons. Bimodal responses were well fit by weighted linear sums of unimodal responses, with weights typically less than one (subadditive). Surprisingly, our results indicate that weights change with the relative reliabilities of the two cues: visual weights decrease and vestibular weights increase when visual stimuli are degraded. Moreover, both modulation depth and neuronal discrimination thresholds improve for matched bimodal compared to unimodal stimuli, which might allow for increased neural sensitivity during multisensory stimulation. These findings establish important new constraints for neural models of cue integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Morgan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Holmes NP. The law of inverse effectiveness in neurons and behaviour: multisensory integration versus normal variability. Neuropsychologia 2007; 45:3340-5. [PMID: 17663007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 05/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multisensory research is often interpreted according to three rules: the spatial rule, the temporal rule, and the law of inverse effectiveness. The spatial and temporal rules state that multisensory stimuli are integrated when their environmental sources occur at similar locations and times, respectively. The law of inverse effectiveness states that multisensory stimuli are integrated inversely proportional to the effectiveness of the best unisensory response. Neurally, these rules are grounded in anatomical and physiological mechanisms. By contrast, behavioural evidence often contradicts these rules, and direct links between multisensory neurons and multisensory behaviour remain unclear. This note discusses evidence supporting the law of inverse effectiveness, and reports a simulation of a behavioural experiment recently published in Neuropsychologia. The simulation reveals an alternative, statistical, explanation for the data. I conclude that the law of inverse effectiveness only sometimes applies, and that the choice of statistical analysis can have profound effects on whether the data abides the law.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Holmes
- Espace et Action, INSERM Unitè 864, 16 Avenue du Doyen Lèpine, Bron 69676, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Friedlander MJ. Mixing Modalities Is More Than Meets the Eye Alone. Focus on: “Multisensory Versus Unisensory Integration: Contrasting Modes in the Superior Colliculus”. J Neurophysiol 2007; 97:3165. [PMID: 17360819 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00251.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
29
|
Rossetti F, Rodrigues MCA, de Oliveira JAC, Garcia-Cairasco N. EEG wavelet analyses of the striatum–substantia nigra pars reticulata–superior colliculus circuitry: Audiogenic seizures and anticonvulsant drug administration in Wistar audiogenic rats (War strain). Epilepsy Res 2006; 72:192-208. [PMID: 17150334 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNPr), striatum (STR) and superior colicullus (SC) in the blockade of experimental seizures is well known. But, in audiogenic seizures (brainstem tonic-clonic seizures), the anticonvulsant activity of these nuclei is still controversial. In the present study we aimed to analyze the STR-SNPr-CS circuitry in the audiogenic seizures of Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR). Behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data were collected from WARs under no treatment or injection with systemic (phenobarbital) or intracerebral (intranigral) drugs (muscimol and phenobarbital). The main EEG frequency oscillation of STR, SNPr and SC seen before, during and after audiogenic seizures or during seizure protection, was determinated with wavelet spectral analyses. This method allows the association between behavior and EEG (video-EEG). Audiogenic seizures last only for half a minute in average, suggesting that the interruptions of seizures are probably not due to exhaustion. Systemic phenobarbital caused an acute and dose-dependent behavioral and EEGraphic anticonvulsant effect both in WARs. The dose of phenobarbital 15mg/kg protected animals almost completely, without side effects such as ataxia and sedation. In our data, this endogenous "natural" seizure blockade (or termination) seems to be similar to the "forced" seizure abolition, like the one caused by a systemic non-ataxic phenobarbital dose, because in both cases an intense decrease in the EEG main frequency oscillation can be seen in SNPr and SC. Intranigral phenobarbital or muscimol did not protect animals, and actually induced an increase in the main EEG frequency oscillation in SC. The main finding of the present study is that, in contrast to what is well believed about the incapacity to control audiogenic seizures by the striato-nigro-tectal circuitry, we collected here evidences that these nuclei are involved in the ability to block these seizures. However, the striato-nigro-tectal circuitry in WARs, a genetically developed strain, seems to have different functional mechanisms when compared with normal rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Rossetti
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Henneberger C, Redman SJ, Grantyn R. Cortical efferent control of subcortical sensory neurons by synaptic disinhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 17:2039-49. [PMID: 17101686 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhl112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis predicts that pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex control the influx of sensory information at the level of primary sensory representations areas. Yet little is known about the cellular mechanisms governing selective attention to behaviorally relevant objects in space. Neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus are notably involved in this process, and they are directly targeted by retinal and cortical afferents. To study long-term and short-term effects of the visual cortex (VC) on subcortical visual neurons we established an in vitro model of the developing cortico-tectal projection. To this end, cortical explants expressing Green Fluorescent Protein were allowed to form connections with non-labeled dissociated tectal neurons. The presence of VC explants led to an enhancement of tectal activity by 2 mechanisms. First, glutamatergic input was increased. Second, intrinsic GABAergic inhibition was suppressed. The latter effect was shown to be acute and mediated through postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor activation, G-protein acitivity, and endocannabinoid receptor activation. The VC-induced disinhibition was readily reversed by application of an mGluR antagonist. However, high-frequency activation of the glutamatergic cortico-tectal input turned the labile disinhibition into a persistent suppression of inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Henneberger
- Developmental and Sensory Neurophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, Johannes-Müller-Center for Physiology, Charité--University Medicine Berlin, Tucholskystr. 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Sensorimotor co-ordination in mammals is achieved predominantly via the activity of the basal ganglia. To investigate the underlying multisensory information processing, we recorded the neuronal responses in the caudate nucleus (CN) and substantia nigra (SN) of anaesthetized cats to visual, auditory or somatosensory stimulation alone and also to their combinations, i.e. multisensory stimuli. The main goal of the study was to ascertain whether multisensory information provides more information to the neurons than do the individual sensory components. A majority of the investigated SN and CN multisensory units exhibited significant cross-modal interactions. The multisensory response enhancements were either additive or superadditive; multisensory response depressions were also detected. CN and SN cells with facilitatory and inhibitory interactions were found in each multisensory combination. The strengths of the multisensory interactions did not differ in the two structures. A significant inverse correlation was found between the strengths of the best unimodal responses and the magnitudes of the multisensory response enhancements, i.e. the neurons with the weakest net unimodal responses exhibited the strongest enhancement effects. The onset latencies of the responses of the integrative CN and SN neurons to the multisensory stimuli were significantly shorter than those to the unimodal stimuli. These results provide evidence that the multisensory CN and SN neurons, similarly to those in the superior colliculus and related structures, have the ability to integrate multisensory information. Multisensory integration may help in the effective processing of sensory events and the changes in the environment during motor actions controlled by the basal ganglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Nagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The superior colliculus generates and controls eye and head movements based on signals from different senses. The latest research on this structure enhances our understanding of the mechanisms of multisensory integration in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Holmes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nodal FR, Doubell TP, Jiang ZD, Thompson ID, King AJ. Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret. J Comp Neurol 2005; 485:202-17. [PMID: 15791643 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando R Nodal
- University Laboratory of Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|