1
|
Individual EEG measures of attention, memory, and motivation predict population level TV viewership and Twitter engagement. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214507. [PMID: 30921406 PMCID: PMC6438528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Television (TV) programming attracts ever-growing audiences and dominates the cultural zeitgeist. Viewership and social media engagement have become standard indices of programming success. However, accurately predicting individual episode success or future show performance using traditional metrics remains a challenge. Here we examine whether TV viewership and Twitter activity can be predicted using electroencephalography (EEG) measures, which are less affected by reporting biases and which are commonly associated with different cognitive processes. 331 participants watched an hour-long episode from one of nine prime-time shows (~36 participants per episode). Three frequency-based measures were extracted: fronto-central alpha/beta asymmetry (indexing approach motivation), fronto-central alpha/theta power (indexing attention), and fronto-central theta/gamma power (indexing memory processing). All three EEG measures and the composite EEG score significantly correlated across episode segments with the two behavioral measures of TV viewership and Twitter volume. EEG measures explained more variance than either of the behavioral metrics and mediated the relationship between the two. Attentional focus was integral for both audience retention and Twitter activity, while emotional motivation was specifically linked with social engagement and program segments with high TV viewership. These findings highlight the viability of using EEG measures to predict success of TV programming and identify cognitive processes that contribute to audience engagement with television shows.
Collapse
|
2
|
Andric M, Goldin-Meadow S, Small SL, Hasson U. Repeated movie viewings produce similar local activity patterns but different network configurations. Neuroimage 2016; 142:613-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
3
|
Lu KH, Hung SC, Wen H, Marussich L, Liu Z. Influences of High-Level Features, Gaze, and Scene Transitions on the Reliability of BOLD Responses to Natural Movie Stimuli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161797. [PMID: 27564573 PMCID: PMC5001718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex, sustained, dynamic, and naturalistic visual stimulation can evoke distributed brain activities that are highly reproducible within and across individuals. However, the precise origins of such reproducible responses remain incompletely understood. Here, we employed concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and eye tracking to investigate the experimental and behavioral factors that influence fMRI activity and its intra- and inter-subject reproducibility during repeated movie stimuli. We found that widely distributed and highly reproducible fMRI responses were attributed primarily to the high-level natural content in the movie. In the absence of such natural content, low-level visual features alone in a spatiotemporally scrambled control stimulus evoked significantly reduced degree and extent of reproducible responses, which were mostly confined to the primary visual cortex (V1). We also found that the varying gaze behavior affected the cortical response at the peripheral part of V1 and in the oculomotor network, with minor effects on the response reproducibility over the extrastriate visual areas. Lastly, scene transitions in the movie stimulus due to film editing partly caused the reproducible fMRI responses at widespread cortical areas, especially along the ventral visual pathway. Therefore, the naturalistic nature of a movie stimulus is necessary for driving highly reliable visual activations. In a movie-stimulation paradigm, scene transitions and individuals’ gaze behavior should be taken as potential confounding factors in order to properly interpret cortical activity that supports natural vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Lu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Shao-Chin Hung
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Haiguang Wen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Lauren Marussich
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Zhongming Liu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bailey J, Taylor K. Non-human Primates in Neuroscience Research: The Case against its Scientific Necessity. Altern Lab Anim 2016; 44:43-69. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291604400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Public opposition to non-human primate (NHP) experiments is significant, yet those who defend them cite minimal harm to NHPs and substantial human benefit. Here we review these claims of benefit, specifically in neuroscience, and show that: a) there is a default assumption of their human relevance and benefit, rather than robust evidence; b) their human relevance and essential contribution and necessity are wholly overstated; c) the contribution and capacity of non-animal investigative methods are greatly understated; and d) confounding issues, such as species differences and the effects of stress and anaesthesia, are usually overlooked. This is the case in NHP research generally, but here we specifically focus on the development and interpretation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), deep brain stimulation (DBS), the understanding of neural oscillations and memory, and investigation of the neural control of movement and of vision/binocular rivalry. The increasing power of human-specific methods, including advances in fMRI and invasive techniques such as electrocorticography and single-unit recordings, is discussed. These methods serve to render NHP approaches redundant. We conclude that the defence of NHP use is groundless, and that neuroscience would be more relevant and successful for humans, if it were conducted with a direct human focus. We have confidence in opposing NHP neuroscience, both on scientific as well as on ethical grounds.
Collapse
|
5
|
Noy N, Bickel S, Zion-Golumbic E, Harel M, Golan T, Davidesco I, Schevon C, McKhann G, Goodman R, Schroeder C, Mehta A, Malach R. Ignition’s glow: Ultra-fast spread of global cortical activity accompanying local “ignitions” in visual cortex during conscious visual perception. Conscious Cogn 2015; 35:206-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Puce A, McNeely ME, Berrebi ME, Thompson JC, Hardee J, Brefczynski-Lewis J. Multiple faces elicit augmented neural activity. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:282. [PMID: 23785327 PMCID: PMC3682123 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How do our brains respond when we are being watched by a group of people?Despite the large volume of literature devoted to face processing, this question has received very little attention. Here we measured the effects on the face-sensitive N170 and other ERPs to viewing displays of one, two and three faces in two experiments. In Experiment 1, overall image brightness and contrast were adjusted to be constant, whereas in Experiment 2 local contrast and brightness of individual faces were not manipulated. A robust positive-negative-positive (P100-N170-P250) ERP complex and an additional late positive ERP, the P400, were elicited to all stimulus types. As the number of faces in the display increased, N170 amplitude increased for both stimulus sets, and latency increased in Experiment 2. P100 latency and P250 amplitude were affected by changes in overall brightness and contrast, but not by the number of faces in the display per se. In Experiment 1 when overall brightness and contrast were adjusted to be constant, later ERP (P250 and P400) latencies showed differences as a function of hemisphere. Hence, our data indicate that N170 increases its magnitude when multiple faces are seen, apparently impervious to basic low-level stimulus features including stimulus size. Outstanding questions remain regarding category-sensitive neural activity that is elicited to viewing multiple items of stimulus categories other than faces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aina Puce
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA ; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA ; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA ; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|