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Robson E, Donahue MM, Mably AJ, Demetrovich PG, Hewitt LT, Colgin LL. Social odors drive hippocampal CA2 place cell responses to social stimuli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.16.603738. [PMID: 39071428 PMCID: PMC11275720 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.16.603738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Hippocampal region CA2 is essential for social memory processing. Interaction with social stimuli induces changes in CA2 place cell firing during active exploration and sharp wave-ripples during rest following a social interaction. However, it is unknown whether these changes in firing patterns are caused by integration of multimodal social stimuli or by a specific sensory modality associated with a social interaction. Rodents rely heavily on chemosensory cues in the form of olfactory signals for social recognition processes. To determine the extent to which social olfactory signals contribute to CA2 place cell responses to social stimuli, we recorded CA2 place cells in rats freely exploring environments containing stimuli that included or lacked olfactory content. We found that CA2 place cell firing patterns significantly changed only when social odors were prominent. Also, place cells that increased their firing in the presence of social odors alone preferentially increased their firing during subsequent sharp wave-ripples. Our results suggest that social olfactory cues are essential for changing CA2 place cell firing patterns during and after social interactions. These results support prior work suggesting CA2 performs social functions and shed light on processes underlying CA2 responses to social stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Robson
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Margaret M. Donahue
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Alexandra J. Mably
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Peyton G. Demetrovich
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Lauren T. Hewitt
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Laura Lee Colgin
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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Király B, Domonkos A, Jelitai M, Lopes-Dos-Santos V, Martínez-Bellver S, Kocsis B, Schlingloff D, Joshi A, Salib M, Fiáth R, Barthó P, Ulbert I, Freund TF, Viney TJ, Dupret D, Varga V, Hangya B. The medial septum controls hippocampal supra-theta oscillations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6159. [PMID: 37816713 PMCID: PMC10564782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal theta oscillations orchestrate faster beta-to-gamma oscillations facilitating the segmentation of neural representations during navigation and episodic memory. Supra-theta rhythms of hippocampal CA1 are coordinated by local interactions as well as inputs from the entorhinal cortex (EC) and CA3 inputs. However, theta-nested gamma-band activity in the medial septum (MS) suggests that the MS may control supra-theta CA1 oscillations. To address this, we performed multi-electrode recordings of MS and CA1 activity in rodents and found that MS neuron firing showed strong phase-coupling to theta-nested supra-theta episodes and predicted changes in CA1 beta-to-gamma oscillations on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Unique coupling patterns of anatomically defined MS cell types suggested that indirect MS-to-CA1 pathways via the EC and CA3 mediate distinct CA1 gamma-band oscillations. Optogenetic activation of MS parvalbumin-expressing neurons elicited theta-nested beta-to-gamma oscillations in CA1. Thus, the MS orchestrates hippocampal network activity at multiple temporal scales to mediate memory encoding and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Király
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andor Domonkos
- Subcortical Modulation Research Group, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Jelitai
- Subcortical Modulation Research Group, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vítor Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sergio Martínez-Bellver
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Barnabás Kocsis
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Schlingloff
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Abhilasha Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Minas Salib
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richárd Fiáth
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Barthó
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Ulbert
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás F Freund
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tim J Viney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Viktor Varga
- Subcortical Modulation Research Group, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hangya
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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Fernandez-Ruiz A, Sirota A, Lopes-Dos-Santos V, Dupret D. Over and above frequency: Gamma oscillations as units of neural circuit operations. Neuron 2023; 111:936-953. [PMID: 37023717 PMCID: PMC7614431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Gamma oscillations (∼30-150 Hz) are widespread correlates of neural circuit functions. These network activity patterns have been described across multiple animal species, brain structures, and behaviors, and are usually identified based on their spectral peak frequency. Yet, despite intensive investigation, whether gamma oscillations implement causal mechanisms of specific brain functions or represent a general dynamic mode of neural circuit operation remains unclear. In this perspective, we review recent advances in the study of gamma oscillations toward a deeper understanding of their cellular mechanisms, neural pathways, and functional roles. We discuss that a given gamma rhythm does not per se implement any specific cognitive function but rather constitutes an activity motif reporting the cellular substrates, communication channels, and computational operations underlying information processing in its generating brain circuit. Accordingly, we propose shifting the attention from a frequency-based to a circuit-level definition of gamma oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Sirota
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Vítor Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Kitchigina V, Shubina L. Oscillations in the dentate gyrus as a tool for the performance of the hippocampal functions: Healthy and epileptic brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110759. [PMID: 37003419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) is part of the hippocampal formation and is essential for important cognitive processes such as navigation and memory. The oscillatory activity of the DG network is believed to play a critical role in cognition. DG circuits generate theta, beta, and gamma rhythms, which participate in the specific information processing performed by DG neurons. In the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), cognitive abilities are impaired, which may be due to drastic alterations in the DG structure and network activity during epileptogenesis. The theta rhythm and theta coherence are especially vulnerable in dentate circuits; disturbances in DG theta oscillations and their coherence may be responsible for general cognitive impairments observed during epileptogenesis. Some researchers suggested that the vulnerability of DG mossy cells is a key factor in the genesis of TLE, but others did not support this hypothesis. The aim of the review is not only to present the current state of the art in this field of research but to help pave the way for future investigations by highlighting the gaps in our knowledge to completely appreciate the role of DG rhythms in brain functions. Disturbances in oscillatory activity of the DG during TLE development may be a diagnostic marker in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Kitchigina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia.
| | - Liubov Shubina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
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Zhou Y, Sheremet A, Kennedy JP, Qin Y, DiCola NM, Lovett SD, Burke SN, Maurer AP. Theta dominates cross-frequency coupling in hippocampal-medial entorhinal circuit during awake-behavior in rats. iScience 2022; 25:105457. [PMID: 36405771 PMCID: PMC9667293 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal theta and gamma rhythms are hypothesized to play a role in the physiology of higher cognition. Prior research has reported that an offset in theta cycles between the entorhinal cortex, CA3, and CA1 regions promotes independence of population activity across the hippocampus. In line with this idea, it has recently been observed that CA1 pyramidal cells can establish and maintain coordinated place cell activity intrinsically, with minimal reliance on afferent input. Counter to these observations is the contemporary hypothesis that CA1 neuron activity is driven by a gamma oscillation arising from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) that relays information by providing precisely timed synchrony between MEC and CA1. Reinvestigating this in rats during appetitive track running, we found that theta is the dominant frequency of cross-frequency coupling between the MEC and hippocampus, with hippocampal gamma largely independent of entorhinal gamma. Theta, theta harmonic, and gamma power increase with running speed in the HPC and MEC Intra-regionally, theta-theta harmonic and theta-gamma coupling increases with speed Cross-regionally, theta is the dominant frequency of coupling between HPC and MEC Marginal gamma coupling can be explained by local gamma modulated by coherent theta
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6
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Ghosh M, Yang FC, Rice SP, Hetrick V, Gonzalez AL, Siu D, Brennan EKW, John TT, Ahrens AM, Ahmed OJ. Running speed and REM sleep control two distinct modes of rapid interhemispheric communication. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111028. [PMID: 35793619 PMCID: PMC9291430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic gamma-band communication within and across cortical hemispheres is critical for optimal perception, navigation, and memory. Here, using multisite recordings in both rats and mice, we show that even faster ~140 Hz rhythms are robustly anti-phase across cortical hemispheres, visually resembling splines, the interlocking teeth on mechanical gears. Splines are strongest in superficial granular retrosplenial cortex, a region important for spatial navigation and memory. Spline-frequency interhemispheric communication becomes more coherent and more precisely anti-phase at faster running speeds. Anti-phase splines also demarcate high-activity frames during REM sleep. While splines and associated neuronal spiking are anti-phase across retrosplenial hemispheres during navigation and REM sleep, gamma-rhythmic interhemispheric communication is precisely in-phase. Gamma and splines occur at distinct points of a theta cycle and thus highlight the ability of interhemispheric cortical communication to rapidly switch between in-phase (gamma) and anti-phase (spline) modes within individual theta cycles during both navigation and REM sleep. Gamma-rhythmic communication within and across cortical hemispheres is critical for optimal perception, navigation, and memory. Here, Ghosh et al. identify even faster ~140 Hz rhythms, named splines, that reflect anti-phase neuronal synchrony across hemispheres. The balance of anti-phase spline and in-phase gamma communication is dynamically controlled by behavior and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Ghosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sharena P Rice
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vaughn Hetrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Danny Siu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ellen K W Brennan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tibin T John
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allison M Ahrens
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Omar J Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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7
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Kim SY, Lim W. Population and individual firing behaviors in sparsely synchronized rhythms in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Cogn Neurodyn 2022; 16:643-665. [PMID: 35603046 PMCID: PMC9120338 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate population and individual firing behaviors in sparsely synchronized rhythms (SSRs) in a spiking neural network of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). The main encoding granule cells (GCs) are grouped into lamellar clusters. In each GC cluster, there is one inhibitory (I) basket cell (BC) along with excitatory (E) GCs, and they form the E-I loop. Winner-take-all competition, leading to sparse activation of the GCs, occurs in each GC cluster. Such sparsity has been thought to enhance pattern separation performed in the DG. During the winner-take-all competition, SSRs are found to appear in each population of the GCs and the BCs through interaction of excitation of the GCs with inhibition of the BCs. Sparsely synchronized spiking stripes appear successively with the population frequencyf p ( = 13.1 Hz) in the raster plots of spikes. We also note that excitatory hilar mossy cells (MCs) control the firing activity of the GC-BC loop by providing excitation to both the GCs and the BCs. SSR also appears in the population of MCs via interaction with the GCs (i.e., GC-MC loop). Population behaviors in the SSRs are quantitatively characterized in terms of the synchronization measures. In addition, we investigate individual firing activity of GCs, BCs, and MCs in the SSRs. Individual GCs exhibit random spike skipping, leading to a multi-peaked inter-spike-interval histogram, which is well characterized in terms of the random phase-locking degree. In this case, population-averaged mean-firing-rate (MFR) < f i ( GC ) > is less than the population frequency f p . On the other hand, both BCs and MCs show "intrastripe" burstings within stripes, together with random spike skipping. Thus, the population-averaged MFR ⟨ f i ( X ) ⟩ ( X = MC and BC) is larger than f p , in contrast to the case of the GCs. MC loss may occur during epileptogenesis. With decreasing the fraction of the MCs, changes in the population and individual firings in the SSRs are also studied. Finally, quantitative association between the population/individual firing behaviors in the SSRs and the winner-take-all competition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yoon Kim
- Institute for Computational Neuroscience and Department of Science Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu, 42411 Korea
| | - Woochang Lim
- Institute for Computational Neuroscience and Department of Science Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu, 42411 Korea
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Mysin I, Shubina L. From mechanisms to functions: The role of theta and gamma coherence in the intrahippocampal circuits. Hippocampus 2022; 32:342-358. [PMID: 35192228 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Brain rhythms are essential for information processing in neuronal networks. Oscillations recorded in different brain regions can be synchronized and have a constant phase difference, that is, they can be coherent. Coherence between local field potential (LFP) signals from different brain regions may be correlated with the performance of cognitive tasks, indicating that these regions of the brain are jointly involved in the information processing. Why does coherence occur and how is it related to the information transfer between different regions of the hippocampal formation? In this article, we discuss possible mechanisms of theta and gamma coherence and its role in the hippocampus-dependent attention and memory processes, since theta and gamma rhythms are most pronounced in these processes. We review in vivo studies of interactions between different regions of the hippocampal formation in theta and gamma frequency bands. The key propositions of the review are as follows: (1) coherence emerges from synchronous postsynaptic currents in principal neurons as a result of synchronization of neuronal spike activity; (2) the synchronization of neuronal spike patterns in two regions of the hippocampal formation can be realized through induction or resonance; (3) coherence at a specific time point reflects the transfer of information between the regions of the hippocampal formation; (4) the physiological roles of theta and gamma coherence are different due to their different functions and mechanisms of generation. All hippocampal neurons are involved in theta activity, and theta coherence arranges the firing order of principal neurons throughout the hippocampal formation. In contrast, gamma coherence reflects the coupling of active neuronal ensembles. Overall, the coherence of LFPs between different areas of the brain is an important physiological process based on the synchronized neuronal firing, and it is essential for cooperative information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mysin
- Laboratory of Systemic Organization of Neurons, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Liubov Shubina
- Laboratory of Systemic Organization of Neurons, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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Liao WT, Chang CL, Hsiao YT. Activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors decreases the synchronization of local field potential oscillations in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex and prolongs the interresponse time during a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate task. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4249-4266. [PMID: 32510690 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Marijuana intoxication impairs neurocognitive functions. Common side effects of consuming cannabis include time distortion and memory loss. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms involved in these effects remain unclear. We hypothesized that communication between the hippocampal CA1 region and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is essential for the transmission of temporal-associated information. We used a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) task, which requires subjects to press a lever at an optimal time point, to correlate the distributions of interresponse time (IRT) with local field potentials (LFPs) recorded in the CA1 and MEC under the effects of a cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor agonist. We used a DRL 10-s schedule and trained the rats to withhold for 10 s before pressing a lever. Our data showed that the percentage of 12.4- to 14-s IRT events rose after activation of CB1 receptors in the MEC. In addition, gamma amplitude synchronization and CA1 theta phase-MEC gamma amplitude coupling decreased during the 6- to 14-s IRT events. These results suggest that activation of CB1 receptors in the MEC disrupt the functional connectivity between the CA1 and the MEC. This inefficient communication may result in increased IRT during a DRL schedule. Overall, we postulate that marijuana intoxication impairs the communication between the CA1 and MEC and influences behavioral performances that require precise timing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tse Hsiao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Braganza O, Mueller-Komorowska D, Kelly T, Beck H. Quantitative properties of a feedback circuit predict frequency-dependent pattern separation. eLife 2020; 9:53148. [PMID: 32077850 PMCID: PMC7032930 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedback inhibitory motifs are thought to be important for pattern separation across species. How feedback circuits may implement pattern separation of biologically plausible, temporally structured input in mammals is, however, poorly understood. We have quantitatively determined key properties of netfeedback inhibition in the mouse dentate gyrus, a region critically involved in pattern separation. Feedback inhibition is recruited steeply with a low dynamic range (0% to 4% of active GCs), and with a non-uniform spatial profile. Additionally, net feedback inhibition shows frequency-dependent facilitation, driven by strongly facilitating mossy fiber inputs. Computational analyses show a significant contribution of the feedback circuit to pattern separation of theta modulated inputs, even within individual theta cycles. Moreover, pattern separation was selectively boosted at gamma frequencies, in particular for highly similar inputs. This effect was highly robust, suggesting that frequency-dependent pattern separation is a key feature of the feedback inhibitory microcircuit. You can probably recall where you left your car this morning without too much trouble. But assuming you use the same busy parking lot every day, can you remember which space you parked in yesterday? Or the day before that? Most people find this difficult not because they cannot remember what happened two or three days ago, but because it requires distinguishing between very similar memories. The car, the parking lot, and the time of day were the same on each occasion. So how do you remember where you parked this morning? This ability to distinguish between memories of similar events depends on a brain region called the hippocampus. A subregion of the hippocampus called the dentate gyrus generates different patterns of activity in response to events that are similar but distinct. This process is called pattern separation, and it helps ensure that you do not look for your car in yesterday’s parking space. Pattern separation in the dentate gyrus is thought to involve a form of negative feedback called feedback inhibition, a phenomenon where the output of a process acts to limit or stop the same process. To test this idea, Braganza et al. studied feedback inhibition in the dentate gyrus of mice, before building a computer model simulating the inhibition process and supplying the model with two types of realistic input. The first consisted of low-frequency theta brainwaves, which occur, for instance, in the dentate gyrus when animals explore their environment. The second consisted of higher frequency gamma brainwaves, which occur, for example, when animals experience something new. Testing the model showed that feedback inhibition contributes to pattern separation with both theta and gamma inputs. However, pattern separation is stronger with gamma input. This suggests that high frequency brainwaves in the hippocampus could help animals distinguish new events from old ones by promoting pattern separation. Various brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia and epilepsy, involve changes in the dentate gyrus and altered brain rhythms. The current findings could help reveal how these changes contribute to memory impairments and to a reduced ability to distinguish similar experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Braganza
- Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Mueller-Komorowska
- Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Kelly
- Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz Beck
- Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V., Bonn, Germany
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Winne J, Boerner BC, Malfatti T, Brisa E, Doerl J, Nogueira I, Leão KE, Leão RN. Anxiety-like behavior induced by salicylate depends on age and can be prevented by a single dose of 5-MeO-DMT. Exp Neurol 2020; 326:113175. [PMID: 31923390 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salicylate intoxication is a cause of tinnitus and comorbidly associated with anxiety in humans. In a previous work, we showed that salicylate induces anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal type 2 theta oscillations (theta2) in mice. Here we investigate if the anxiogenic effect of salicylate is dependent on age and previous tinnitus experience. We also tested whether a single dose of DMT can prevent this effect. Using microwire electrode arrays, we recorded local field potential in young (4-5- month-old) and old (11-13-month-old) mice to study the electrophysiological effect of tinnitus in the ventral hippocampus (vHipp) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in an open field arena and elevated plus maze 1h after salicylate (300mg/kg) injection. We found that anxiety-like behavior and increase in theta2 oscillations (4-6 Hz), following salicylate pre-treatment, only occurs in young (normal hearing) mice. We also show that theta2 and slow gamma oscillations increase in the vHipp and mPFC in a complementary manner during anxiety tests in the presence of salicylate. Finally, we show that pre-treating mice with a single dose of the hallucinogenic 5-MeO-DMT prevents anxiety-like behavior and the increase in theta2 and slow gamma oscillations after salicylate injection in normal hearing young mice. This work further support the hypothesis that anxiety-like behavior after salicylate injection is triggered by tinnitus and require normal hearing. Moreover, our results show that hallucinogenic compounds can be effective in treating tinnitus-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Winne
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil; Developmental Genetics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husarg 3, Uppsala 75234, Sweden
| | - Barbara C Boerner
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Thawann Malfatti
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Elis Brisa
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Jhulimar Doerl
- Neural Development and Environment Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Nogueira
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Katarina E Leão
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Richardson N Leão
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil; Neural Development and Environment Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal, RN, Brazil.
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12
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Five Decades of Hippocampal Place Cells and EEG Rhythms in Behaving Rats. J Neurosci 2019; 40:54-60. [PMID: 31451578 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0741-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, much has been learned about the physiology and functions of the hippocampus from studies in freely behaving rats. Two relatively early works in the field provided major insights that remain relevant today. Here, I revisit these studies and discuss how our understanding of the hippocampus has evolved over the last several decades.
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13
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Hwaun E, Colgin LL. CA3 place cells that represent a novel waking experience are preferentially reactivated during sharp wave-ripples in subsequent sleep. Hippocampus 2019; 29:921-938. [PMID: 30891854 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A popular model of memory consolidation posits that recent memories stored in the hippocampus are reactivated during sleep and thereby transferred to neocortex for long-term storage. This process is thought to occur during sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) in nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM). However, whether the hippocampus consolidates all recent memories in the same manner remains unclear. An efficient memory system may extract novel information from recent experiences for preferential consolidation. In the hippocampus, memories are thought to be stored initially in CA3. Therefore, CA3 place cells that encode novel experiences may be preferentially reactivated during SWRs in subsequent sleep. To test this hypothesis, we recorded CA3 place cells in rats during exposure to a familiar and a novel environment and during subsequent overnight sleep. We found that CA3 place cells that preferentially coded a novel environment showed larger firing rate increases during SWRs in NREM than place cells that preferentially coded a familiar environment. Moreover, CA3 place cell ensembles replayed trajectories from a novel environment during NREM with higher fidelity than trajectories from a familiar environment. Together, these results suggest that CA3 representations of novel experiences are preferentially processed during subsequent sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernie Hwaun
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Laura Lee Colgin
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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14
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Time and frequency dependent changes in resting state EEG functional connectivity following lipopolysaccharide challenge in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206985. [PMID: 30418990 PMCID: PMC6231634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that inflammatory processes affect brain function and behavior through several neuroimmune pathways. However, high order brain functions affected by inflammation largely remain to be defined. Resting state functional connectivity of synchronized oscillatory activity is a valid approach to understand network processing and high order brain function under different experimental conditions. In the present study multi-electrode EEG recording in awake, freely moving rats was used to study resting state connectivity after administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Male Wistar rats were implanted with 10 cortical surface electrodes and administered with LPS (2 mg/kg) and monitored for symptoms of sickness at 3, 6 and 24 h. Resting state connectivity and power were computed at baseline, 6 and 24 h. Three prominent connectivity bands were identified using a method resistant to spurious correlation: alpha (5–15 Hz), beta-gamma (20–80 Hz), and high frequency oscillation (150–200 Hz). The most prominent connectivity band, alpha, was strongly reduced 6 h after LPS administration, and returned to baseline at 24 h. Beta-gamma connectivity was also reduced at 6 h and remained reduced at 24 h. Interestingly, high frequency oscillation connectivity remained unchanged at 6 h and was impaired 24 h after LPS challenge. Expected elevations in delta and theta power were observed at 6 h after LPS administration, when behavioral symptoms of sickness were maximal. Notably, gamma and high frequency power were reduced 6 h after LPS and returned to baseline by 24 h, when the effects on connectivity were more evident. Finally, increases in cross-frequency coupling elicited by LPS were detected at 6 h for theta-gamma and at 24 h for theta-high frequency oscillations. These studies show that LPS challenge profoundly affects EEG connectivity across all identified bands in a time-dependent manner indicating that inflammatory processes disrupt both bottom-up and top-down communication across the cortex during the peak and resolution of inflammation.
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15
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Butler JL, Hay YA, Paulsen O. Comparison of three gamma oscillations in the mouse entorhinal-hippocampal system. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:2795-2806. [PMID: 29356162 PMCID: PMC6221063 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The entorhinal-hippocampal system is an important circuit in the brain, essential for certain cognitive tasks such as memory and navigation. Different gamma oscillations occur in this circuit, with the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC), CA3 and CA1 all generating gamma oscillations with different properties. These three gamma oscillations converge within CA1, where much work has gone into trying to isolate them from each other. Here, we compared the gamma generators in the mEC, CA3 and CA1 using optogenetically induced theta-gamma oscillations. Expressing channelrhodopsin-2 in principal neurons in each of the three regions allowed for the induction of gamma oscillations via sinusoidal blue light stimulation at theta frequency. Recording the oscillations in CA1 in vivo, we found that CA3 stimulation induced slower gamma oscillations than CA1 stimulation, matching in vivo reports of spontaneous CA3 and CA1 gamma oscillations. In brain slices ex vivo, optogenetic stimulation of CA3 induced slower gamma oscillations than stimulation of either mEC or CA1, whose gamma oscillations were of similar frequency. All three gamma oscillations had a current sink-source pair between the perisomatic and dendritic layers of the same region. Taking advantage of this model to analyse gamma frequency mechanisms in slice, we showed using pharmacology that all three gamma oscillations were dependent on the same types of synaptic receptor, being abolished by blockade of either type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate receptors, and insensitive to blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. These results indicate that a fast excitatory-inhibitory feedback loop underlies the generation of gamma oscillations in all three regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Butler
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Y Audrey Hay
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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16
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Sasaki T, Piatti VC, Hwaun E, Ahmadi S, Lisman JE, Leutgeb S, Leutgeb JK. Dentate network activity is necessary for spatial working memory by supporting CA3 sharp-wave ripple generation and prospective firing of CA3 neurons. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:258-269. [PMID: 29335604 PMCID: PMC5800997 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Complex spatial working memory tasks have been shown to require both hippocampal sharp-wave ripple (SWR) activity and dentate gyrus (DG) neuronal activity. We therefore asked whether DG inputs to CA3 contribute to spatial working memory by promoting SWR generation. Recordings from DG and CA3 while rats performed a dentate-dependent working memory task on an eight-arm radial maze revealed that the activity of dentate neurons and the incidence rate of SWRs both increased during reward consumption. We then found reduced reward-related CA3 SWR generation without direct input from dentate granule neurons. Furthermore, CA3 cells with place fields in not-yet-visited arms preferentially fired during SWRs at reward locations, and these prospective CA3 firing patterns were more pronounced for correct trials and were dentate-dependent. These results indicate that coordination of CA3 neuronal activity patterns by DG is necessary for the generation of neuronal firing patterns that support goal-directed behavior and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sasaki
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Verónica C Piatti
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ernie Hwaun
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Siavash Ahmadi
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John E Lisman
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Leutgeb
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jill K Leutgeb
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Gönner L, Vitay J, Hamker FH. Predictive Place-Cell Sequences for Goal-Finding Emerge from Goal Memory and the Cognitive Map: A Computational Model. Front Comput Neurosci 2017; 11:84. [PMID: 29075187 PMCID: PMC5643423 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal place-cell sequences observed during awake immobility often represent previous experience, suggesting a role in memory processes. However, recent reports of goals being overrepresented in sequential activity suggest a role in short-term planning, although a detailed understanding of the origins of hippocampal sequential activity and of its functional role is still lacking. In particular, it is unknown which mechanism could support efficient planning by generating place-cell sequences biased toward known goal locations, in an adaptive and constructive fashion. To address these questions, we propose a model of spatial learning and sequence generation as interdependent processes, integrating cortical contextual coding, synaptic plasticity and neuromodulatory mechanisms into a map-based approach. Following goal learning, sequential activity emerges from continuous attractor network dynamics biased by goal memory inputs. We apply Bayesian decoding on the resulting spike trains, allowing a direct comparison with experimental data. Simulations show that this model (1) explains the generation of never-experienced sequence trajectories in familiar environments, without requiring virtual self-motion signals, (2) accounts for the bias in place-cell sequences toward goal locations, (3) highlights their utility in flexible route planning, and (4) provides specific testable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Gönner
- Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Julien Vitay
- Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Fred H Hamker
- Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany.,Bernstein Center Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Distinct gamma oscillations in the distal dendritic fields of the dentate gyrus and the CA1 area of mouse hippocampus. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3355-3365. [PMID: 28391402 PMCID: PMC5585287 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the anatomically adjacent stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA1 area, represent afferent areas at distinct levels of the hippocampal trisynaptic loop. Afferents to the dentate gyrus and CA1 area originate from different cell populations, including projection cells in entorhinal cortex layers two and three, respectively. To determine the organization of oscillatory activities along these terminal fields, we recorded local field potentials from multiple sites in the dentate gyrus and CA1 area of the awake mice, and localized gamma frequency (30–150 Hz) oscillations in different layers by means of current source density analysis. During theta oscillations, we observed different temporal and spectral organization of gamma oscillations in the dendritic layers of the dentate gyrus and CA1 area, with a sharp transition across the hippocampal fissure. In CA1 stratum lacunosum-moleculare, transient mid-frequency gamma oscillations (CA1-gammaM; 80 Hz) occurred on theta cycle peaks, while in the dentate gyrus, fast (DG-gammaF; 110 Hz), and slow (DG-gammaS; 40 Hz) gamma oscillations preferentially occurred on troughs of theta waves. Units in dentate gyrus, in contrast to units in CA1 pyramidal layer, phase-coupled to DG-gammaF, which was largely independent from CA1 fast gamma oscillations (CA1-gammaF) of similar frequency and timing. Spike timing of units recorded in either CA1 area or dentate gyrus were modulated by CA1-gammaM. Our experiments disclosed a set of gamma oscillations that differentially regulate neuronal activity in the dentate gyrus and CA1 area, and may allow flexible segregation and integration of information across different levels of hippocampal circuitry.
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