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Liu R, Liu N, Ma L, Liu Y, Huang Z, Peng X, Zhuang C, Niu J, Yu J, Du J. Research Progress on NMDA Receptor Enhancement Drugs for the Treatment of Depressive Disorder. CNS Drugs 2024:10.1007/s40263-024-01123-x. [PMID: 39379772 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental illness with a complex etiology. Currently, many medications employed in clinical treatment exhibit limitations such as delayed onset of action and a high incidence of adverse reactions. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop antidepressants that exhibit enhanced efficacy and safety. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a distinctive glutamate-gated ion channel receptor, has been implicated in the onset and progression of depressive disorder, as evidenced by both preclinical and clinical research. The NMDAR antagonist, ketamine, exhibits rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, holding promise as a novel therapeutic approach for depressive disorder. However, its psychotomimetic impact and potential for addiction have restricted its widespread clinical application. Notably, over the past decade, studies have suggested that enhancing NMDAR functionality can produce antidepressant effects with improved safety, especially with the emergence of NMDAR-positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). We view this as a potential novel strategy for treating depression, forming the basis for the narrative review that follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Juan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli St, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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2
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Weaver MG, Popescu GK. Estimating the Ca 2+ Permeability of NMDA Receptors with Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2799:177-200. [PMID: 38727908 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3830-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), fast excitatory transmission relies primarily on the ionic fluxes generated by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). Among iGluRs, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are unique in their ability to pass large, Ca2+-rich currents. Importantly, their high Ca2+ permeability is essential for normal CNS function and is under physiological control. For this reason, the accurate measurement of NMDA receptor Ca2+ permeability represents a valuable experimental step in evaluating the mechanism by which these receptors contribute to a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. In this chapter, we provide a theoretical and practical overview of the common methods used to estimate the Ca2+ permeability of ion channels as they apply to NMDA receptors. Specifically, we describe the principles and methodology used to calculate relative permeability (PCa/PNa) and fractional permeability (Pf), along with the relationship between these two metrics. With increasing knowledge about the structural dynamics of ion channels and of the ongoing environmental fluctuations in which channels operate in vivo, the ability to quantify the Ca2+ entering cells through specific ion channels remains a tool essential to delineating the molecular mechanisms that support health and cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae G Weaver
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Gabriela K Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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3
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Beesley S, Kumar SS. The t-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor: Making the case for d-Serine to be considered its inverse co-agonist. Neuropharmacology 2023:109654. [PMID: 37437688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is an enigmatic macromolecule that has garnered a good deal of attention on account of its involvement in the cellular processes that underlie learning and memory, following its discovery in the mid twentieth century (Baudry and Davis, 1991). Yet, despite advances in knowledge about its function, there remains much more to be uncovered regarding the receptor's biophysical properties, subunit composition, and role in CNS physiology and pathophysiology. The motivation for this review stems from the need for synthesizing new information gathered about these receptors that sheds light on their role in synaptic plasticity and their dichotomous relationship with the amino acid d-serine through which they influence the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases like temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common type of adult epilepsies (Beesley et al., 2020a). This review will outline pertinent ideas relating structure and function of t-NMDARs (GluN3 subunit-containing triheteromeric NMDARs) for which d-serine might serve as an inverse co-agonist. We will explore how tracing d-serine's origins blends glutamate-receptor biology with glial biology to help provide fresh perspectives on how neurodegeneration might interlink with neuroinflammation to initiate and perpetuate the disease state. Taken together, we envisage the review to deepen our understanding of endogenous d-serine's new role in the brain while also recognizing its therapeutic potential in the treatment of TLE that is oftentimes refractory to medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Beesley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4300, USA
| | - Sanjay S Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4300, USA.
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4
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Chen H, Dong Y, Wu Y, Yi F. Targeting NMDA receptor signaling for therapeutic intervention in brain disorders. Rev Neurosci 2023:revneuro-2022-0096. [PMID: 36586105 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hyperfunction plays a key role in the pathological processes of depression and neurodegenerative diseases, whereas NMDA receptor hypofunction is implicated in schizophrenia. Considerable efforts have been made to target NMDA receptor function for the therapeutic intervention in those brain disorders. In this mini-review, we first discuss ion flux-dependent NMDA receptor signaling and ion flux-independent NMDA receptor signaling that result from structural rearrangement upon binding of endogenous agonists. Then, we review current strategies for exploring druggable targets of the NMDA receptor signaling and promising future directions, which are poised to result in new therapeutic agents for several brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Dong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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5
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Niu M, Yang X, Li Y, Sun Y, Wang L, Ha J, Xie Y, Gao Z, Tian C, Wang L, Sun Y. Progresses in GluN2A-containing NMDA Receptors and their Selective Regulators. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:139-153. [PMID: 34978648 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NMDA receptors play an important physiological role in regulating synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. GluN2A subunits are the most abundant functional subunits of NMDA receptors expressed in mature brain, and their dysfunction is related to various neurological diseases. According to subunit composition, GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors can be divided into two types: diheteromeric and triheteromeric receptors. In this review, the expression, functional and pharmacological properties of different kinds of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors as well as selective GluN2A regulators were described to further understand this type of NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Fangxing Road 88, Shijiazhuang, 050026, Hebei, China.,Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Chiral Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, USA
| | - Jing Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China
| | - Yinghua Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Changzheng Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Donggang Road 89, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Fangxing Road 88, Shijiazhuang, 050026, Hebei, China. .,Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Chiral Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China. .,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China. .,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China.
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6
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Benske TM, Mu TW, Wang YJ. Protein quality control of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:907560. [PMID: 35936491 PMCID: PMC9352929 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.907560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated cation channels that mediate excitatory neurotransmission and are critical for synaptic development and plasticity in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Functional NMDARs typically form via the heterotetrameric assembly of GluN1 and GluN2 subunits. Variants within GRIN genes are implicated in various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Due to the significance of NMDAR subunit composition for regional and developmental signaling at synapses, properly folded receptors must reach the plasma membrane for their function. This review focuses on the protein quality control of NMDARs. Specifically, we review the quality control mechanisms that ensure receptors are correctly folded and assembled within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trafficked to the plasma membrane. Further, we discuss disease-associated variants that have shown disrupted NMDAR surface expression and function. Finally, we discuss potential targeted pharmacological and therapeutic approaches to ameliorate disease phenotypes by enhancing the expression and surface trafficking of subunits harboring disease-associated variants, thereby increasing their incorporation into functional receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Wei Mu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ya-Juan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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7
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Zeng Y, Zheng Y, Zhang T, Ye F, Zhan L, Kou Z, Zhu S, Gao Z. Identification of a Subtype-Selective Allosteric Inhibitor of GluN1/GluN3 NMDA Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888308. [PMID: 35754487 PMCID: PMC9218946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are Ca2+-permeable ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) in the central nervous system and play important roles in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Conventional NMDARs, which typically comprise GluN1 and GluN2 subunits, have different biophysical properties than GluN3-containing NMDARs: GluN3-containing NMDARs have smaller unitary conductance, less Ca2+-permeability and lower Mg2+-sensitivity than those of conventional NMDARs. However, there are very few specific modulators for GluN3-containing NMDARs. Here, we developed a cell-based high-throughput calcium assay and identified 3-fluoro-1,2-phenylene bis (3-hydroxybenzoate) (WZB117) as a relatively selective inhibitor of GluN1/GluN3 receptors. The IC50 value of WZB117 on GluN1/GluN3A receptors expressed in HEK-293 cells was 1.15 ± 0.34 μM. Consistently, WZB117 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against glycine-induced currents in the presence of CGP-78608 but only slightly affected the NMDA-, KA- and AMPA-induced currents in the acutely isolated rat hippocampal neurons. Among the four types of endogenous currents, only the first one is primarily mediated by GluN1/GluN3 receptors. Mechanistic studies showed that WZB117 inhibited the GluN1/GluN3A receptors in a glycine-, voltage- and pH-independent manner, suggesting it is an allosteric modulator. Site-directed mutagenesis and chimera construction further revealed that WZB117 may act on the GluN3A pre-M1 region with key determinants different from those of previously identified modulators. Together, our study developed an efficient method to discover modulators of GluN3-containing NMDARs and characterized WZB117 as a novel allosteric inhibitor of GluN1/GluN3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zeng
- Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Zheng
- Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhan
- Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengwei Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujia Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Institution for Drug Discovery Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
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8
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GluN3A excitatory glycine receptors control adult cortical and amygdalar circuits. Neuron 2022; 110:2438-2454.e8. [PMID: 35700736 PMCID: PMC9365314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GluN3A is an atypical glycine-binding subunit of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) whose actions in the brain are mostly unknown. Here, we show that the expression of GluN3A subunits controls the excitability of mouse adult cortical and amygdalar circuits via an unusual signaling mechanism involving the formation of excitatory glycine GluN1/GluN3A receptors (eGlyRs) and their tonic activation by extracellular glycine. eGlyRs are mostly extrasynaptic and reside in specific neuronal populations, including the principal cells of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and SST-positive interneurons (SST-INs) of the neocortex. In the BLA, tonic eGlyR currents are sensitive to fear-conditioning protocols, are subject to neuromodulation by the dopaminergic system, and control the stability of fear memories. In the neocortex, eGlyRs control the in vivo spiking of SST-INs and the behavior-dependent modulation of cortical activity. GluN3A-containing eGlyRs thus represent a novel and widespread signaling modality in the adult brain, with attributes that strikingly depart from those of conventional NMDARs. In mice, GluN3A is expressed by SST-INs in the cortex and pyramidal neurons in the BLA GluN3A assembles as excitatory glycine GluN1/GluN3A receptors (eGlyRs) eGlyRs detect extracellular glycine levels and generate tonic excitatory currents eGlyRs tune the function of SST-INs in cortex and alter the formation of fear memories in BLA
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9
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Zhong W, Wu A, Berglund K, Gu X, Jiang M, Talati J, Zhao J, Wei L, Yu SP. Pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease by deficiency of NMDA receptor subunit GluN3A. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:222-239. [PMID: 34151525 PMCID: PMC8685302 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+ hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) conceives Ca2+ dyshomeostasis as a common mechanism of AD; the cause of Ca2+ dysregulation, however, is obscure. Meanwhile, hyperactivities of N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), the primary mediator of Ca2+ influx, are reported in AD. GluN3A (NR3A) is an NMDAR inhibitory subunit. We hypothesize that GluN3A is critical for sustained Ca2+ homeostasis and its deficiency is pathogenic for AD. Cellular, molecular, and functional changes were examined in adult/aging GluN3A knockout (KO) mice. The GluN3A KO mouse brain displayed age-dependent moderate but persistent neuronal hyperactivity, elevated intracellular Ca2+ , neuroinflammation, impaired synaptic integrity/plasticity, and neuronal loss. GluN3A KO mice developed olfactory dysfunction followed by psychological/cognitive deficits prior to amyloid-β/tau pathology. Memantine at preclinical stage prevented/attenuated AD syndromes. AD patients' brains show reduced GluN3A expression. We propose that chronic "degenerative excitotoxicity" leads to sporadic AD, while GluN3A represents a primary pathogenic factor, an early biomarker, and an amyloid-independent therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran’s Affair, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Anika Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ken Berglund
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran’s Affair, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran’s Affair, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Michael Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran’s Affair, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Jay Talati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran’s Affair, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
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10
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Sun Q, Cao W, Luo J. The roles of GluN3-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in central nerve system. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:651-658. [PMID: 34986531 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in central nerve system is mostly composed of GluN1 and GluN2 subunits. The classical NMDAR has been intensively studied. However, GluN3‑containing NMDAR is much less expressed and have atypical channel properties. Recently, accumulating evidences have revealed two types of GluN3‑containing NMDAR: glutamate-gated GluN1/GluN2/GluN3 NMDAR and glycine-gated GluN1/GluN3 NMDAR. The former may play important roles in regulating synapse maturation and pruning non-used synapses, and its elevated expression at the adult stage may alter synaptic reorganization in some neuropsychiatric disorders. The latter is expressed in the medial habenula and involves in control of aversion. This article reviews the recent progresses on the expression, functional properties of GluN3‑containing atypical NMDARs and the physiological and pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Cao
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhong Luo
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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11
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Hansen KB, Wollmuth LP, Bowie D, Furukawa H, Menniti FS, Sobolevsky AI, Swanson GT, Swanger SA, Greger IH, Nakagawa T, McBain CJ, Jayaraman V, Low CM, Dell'Acqua ML, Diamond JS, Camp CR, Perszyk RE, Yuan H, Traynelis SF. Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:298-487. [PMID: 34753794 PMCID: PMC8626789 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). These ligand-gated ion channels are critical to brain function and are centrally implicated in numerous psychiatric and neurologic disorders. There are different classes of iGluRs with a variety of receptor subtypes in each class that play distinct roles in neuronal functions. The diversity in iGluR subtypes, with their unique functional properties and physiologic roles, has motivated a large number of studies. Our understanding of receptor subtypes has advanced considerably since the first iGluR subunit gene was cloned in 1989, and the research focus has expanded to encompass facets of biology that have been recently discovered and to exploit experimental paradigms made possible by technological advances. Here, we review insights from more than 3 decades of iGluR studies with an emphasis on the progress that has occurred in the past decade. We cover structure, function, pharmacology, roles in neurophysiology, and therapeutic implications for all classes of receptors assembled from the subunits encoded by the 18 ionotropic glutamate receptor genes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Glutamate receptors play important roles in virtually all aspects of brain function and are either involved in mediating some clinical features of neurological disease or represent a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of this class of receptors will advance our understanding of many aspects of brain function at molecular, cellular, and system levels and provide new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Derek Bowie
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Frank S Menniti
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chris J McBain
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Vasanthi Jayaraman
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Jeffrey S Diamond
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chad R Camp
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
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12
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Differential expression of glutamatergic receptor subunits in the hippocampus in carioca high- and low-conditioned freezing rats. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 116:103666. [PMID: 34464708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is an emotional state that affects the quality of human life. Several neurotransmitters are involved in the regulation of anxiety, including glutamate. The major actions of glutamate are mediated by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). The present study performed a behavioral and neurochemical analysis of Carioca High-conditioned Freezing (CHF) and Carioca Low-conditioned Freezing (CLF) rats compared with control rats. We evaluated thermal nociception, anxiety-like behavior, depressive-like behavior, spatial memory, habituation memory, and the content and localization of different glutamatergic receptor subunits and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), a postsynaptic protein. The CHF group exhibited an anxious-like phenotype, impairments in habituation and spatial memory, and a depressive-like phenotype compared with the control group. In the ventral hippocampus, an increase in the PSD-95, GluN1 and GluA1 subunits and a decrease in the GluN2A subunit of glutamatergic receptors. The CLF group exhibited a less anxious-like phenotype, hyperlocomotion and habituation impairments. Also, CLF animals, presented, in the ventral hippocampus, an increase in the PSD-95, GluN1 and GluA2 subunits and a decrease in the GluN2B subunit. These results suggest that the differential composition of NMDAR and AMPAR subunits may be related to the modulation of different phenotypes in CHF and CLF rats, which may help identify new targets for therapeutic interventions for anxiety disorders and other comorbidities.
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13
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Regulation of the NMDA receptor by its cytoplasmic domains: (How) is the tail wagging the dog? Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108634. [PMID: 34097949 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory neurotransmission mediated by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is critical for synapse development, function, and plasticity in the brain. NMDARs are tetra-heteromeric cation-channels that mediate synaptic transmission and plasticity. Extensive human studies show the existence of genetic variants in NMDAR subunits genes (GRIN genes) that are associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), epilepsy (EP), intellectual disability (ID), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). NMDAR subunits have a unique modular architecture with four semiautonomous domains. Here we focus on the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD), also known as the intracellular C-tail, which varies in length among the glutamate receptor subunits and is the most diverse domain in terms of amino acid sequence. The CTD shows no sequence homology to any known proteins but encodes short docking motifs for intracellular binding proteins and covalent modifications. Our review will discuss the many important functions of the CTD in regulating NMDA membrane and synaptic targeting, stabilization, degradation targeting, allosteric modulation and metabotropic signaling of the receptor. This article is part of the special issue on 'Glutamate Receptors - NMDA Receptors'.
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14
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Herbrechter R, Hube N, Buchholz R, Reiner A. Splicing and editing of ionotropic glutamate receptors: a comprehensive analysis based on human RNA-Seq data. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5605-5630. [PMID: 34100982 PMCID: PMC8257547 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) play key roles for signaling in the central nervous system. Alternative splicing and RNA editing are well-known mechanisms to increase iGluR diversity and to provide context-dependent regulation. Earlier work on isoform identification has focused on the analysis of cloned transcripts, mostly from rodents. We here set out to obtain a systematic overview of iGluR splicing and editing in human brain based on RNA-Seq data. Using data from two large-scale transcriptome studies, we established a workflow for the de novo identification and quantification of alternative splice and editing events. We detected all canonical iGluR splice junctions, assessed the abundance of alternative events described in the literature, and identified new splice events in AMPA, kainate, delta, and NMDA receptor subunits. Notable events include an abundant transcript encoding the GluA4 amino-terminal domain, GluA4-ATD, a novel C-terminal GluD1 (delta receptor 1) isoform, GluD1-b, and potentially new GluK4 and GluN2C isoforms. C-terminal GluN1 splicing may be controlled by inclusion of a cassette exon, which shows preference for one of the two acceptor sites in the last exon. Moreover, we identified alternative untranslated regions (UTRs) and species-specific differences in splicing. In contrast, editing in exonic iGluR regions appears to be mostly limited to ten previously described sites, two of which result in silent amino acid changes. Coupling of proximal editing/editing and editing/splice events occurs to variable degree. Overall, this analysis provides the first inventory of alternative splicing and editing in human brain iGluRs and provides the impetus for further transcriptome-based and functional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Herbrechter
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadine Hube
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Raoul Buchholz
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiner
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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15
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Crawley O, Conde-Dusman MJ, Pérez-Otaño I. GluN3A NMDA receptor subunits: more enigmatic than ever? J Physiol 2021; 600:261-276. [PMID: 33942912 DOI: 10.1113/jp280879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-conventional N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) containing GluN3A subunits have unique biophysical, signalling and localization properties within the NMDAR family, and are typically thought to counterbalance functions of classical NMDARs made up of GluN1/2 subunits. Beyond their recognized roles in synapse refinement during postnatal development, recent evidence is building a wider perspective for GluN3A functions. Here we draw particular attention to the latest developments for this multifaceted and unusual subunit: from finely timed expression patterns that correlate with plasticity windows in developing brains or functional hierarchies in the mature brain to new insight onto presynaptic GluN3A-NMDARs, excitatory glycine receptors and behavioural impacts, alongside further connections to a range of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Crawley
- Unidad de Neurobiología Celular y de Sistemas, Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - María J Conde-Dusman
- Unidad de Neurobiología Celular y de Sistemas, Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Isabel Pérez-Otaño
- Unidad de Neurobiología Celular y de Sistemas, Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain
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16
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Kolcheva M, Kortus S, Krausova BH, Barackova P, Misiachna A, Danacikova S, Kaniakova M, Hemelikova K, Hotovec M, Rehakova K, Horak M. Specific pathogenic mutations in the M3 domain of the GluN1 subunit regulate the surface delivery and pharmacological sensitivity of NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 189:108528. [PMID: 33773999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an essential role in regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission. Recently, pathogenic missense mutations were identified in genes encoding NMDAR subunits; however, their effect on NMDAR activity is often poorly understood. Here, we examined whether three previously identified pathogenic mutations (M641I, A645S, and Y647S) in the M3 domain of the GluN1 subunit affect the receptor's surface delivery, agonist sensitivity, Mg2+ block, and/or inhibition by the FDA-approved NMDAR blocker memantine. When expressed in HEK293 cells, we found reduced surface expression of GluN1-M641I/GluN2A, GluN1-Y647S/GluN2A, and GluN1-Y647S/GluN2B receptors; other mutation-bearing NMDAR combinations, including GluN1/GluN3A receptors, were expressed at normal surface levels. When expressed in rat hippocampal neurons, we consistently found reduced surface expression of the GluN1-M641I and GluN1-Y647S subunits when compared with wild-type GluN1 subunit. At the functional level, we found that GluN1-M641I/GluN2 and GluN1-A645S/GluN2 receptors expressed in HEK293 cells have wild-type EC50 values for both glutamate and glycine; in contrast, GluN1-Y647S/GluN2 receptors do not produce glutamate-induced currents. In the presence of a physiological concentration of Mg2+, we found that GluN1-M641I/GluN2 receptors have a lower memantine IC50 and slower offset kinetics, whereas GluN1-A645S/GluN2 receptors have a higher memantine IC50 and faster offset kinetics when compared to wild-type receptors. Finally, we found that memantine was the most neuroprotective in hippocampal neurons expressing GluN1-M641I subunits, followed by neurons expressing wild-type GluN1 and then GluN1-A645S subunits in an NMDA-induced excitotoxicity assay. These results indicate that specific pathogenic mutations in the M3 domain of the GluN1 subunit differentially affect the trafficking and functional properties of NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Kolcheva
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kortus
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hrcka Krausova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Barackova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Misiachna
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Danacikova
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Hemelikova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Hotovec
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Rehakova
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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17
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The pathogenic S688Y mutation in the ligand-binding domain of the GluN1 subunit regulates the properties of NMDA receptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18576. [PMID: 33122756 PMCID: PMC7596085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous pathogenic mutations have been identified in various subunits of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), ionotropic glutamate receptors that are central to glutamatergic neurotransmission, the functional effects of these mutations are often unknown. Here, we combined in silico modelling with microscopy, biochemistry, and electrophysiology in cultured HEK293 cells and hippocampal neurons to examine how the pathogenic missense mutation S688Y in the GluN1 NMDAR subunit affects receptor function and trafficking. We found that the S688Y mutation significantly increases the EC50 of both glycine and d-serine in GluN1/GluN2A and GluN1/GluN2B receptors, and significantly slows desensitisation of GluN1/GluN3A receptors. Moreover, the S688Y mutation reduces the surface expression of GluN3A-containing NMDARs in cultured hippocampal neurons, but does not affect the trafficking of GluN2-containing receptors. Finally, we found that the S688Y mutation reduces Ca2+ influx through NMDARs and reduces NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. These findings provide key insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the regulation of NMDAR subtypes containing pathogenic mutations.
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18
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Beesley S, Sullenberger T, Kumar SS. The GluN3 subunit regulates ion selectivity within native N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:147-156. [PMID: 32775760 PMCID: PMC7399132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The GluN3 subunit is the least understood of all subunits that make up functional NMDARs in the brain. We show through ion substitution experiments that NMDARs containing GluN3 are more permeable to Ca2+ than those containing just GluN1 and GluN2. We attribute these differences to their ability to screen for Ca2+ over Na+. Subunit-dependent cation selectivity represents a hitherto unrealized mechanism for finer control of Ca2+ influx enhancing the repertoire of synaptic NMDARs.
Glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are heterotetrameric proteins whose subunits are derived from three gene families, GRIN1 (codes for GluN1), GRIN2 (GluN2) and GRIN3 (GluN3). In addition to providing binding sites for glutamate and the co-agonist glycine, these subunits in their di (d-) and tri (t-) heteromeric configurations regulate various aspects of receptor function in the brain. For example, the decay kinetics of NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents depend on the type of GluN2 subunit (GluN2A-GluN2D) in the receptor subunit composition. While much is known about the contributions of GluN1 and GluN2 to d-NMDAR function, we know comparatively little about how GluN3 influences the function of t-NMDARs composed of one or more subunits from each of the three gene families. We report here that in addition to altering kinetics and voltage-dependent properties, the GluN3 subunit endows these receptors with ion selectivity wherein influx of Ca2+ is preferred over Na+. This became apparent in the process of assessing Ca2+ permeability through these receptors and is of significance given that NMDARs are generally believed to be nonselective to cations and increased selectivity can lead to enhanced permeability. This was true of two independent brain regions where t-NMDARs are expressed, the somatosensory cortex, where both receptor subtypes are expressed at separate inputs onto single neurons, and the entorhinal cortex, where they are co-expressed at individual synaptic inputs. Based on this data and the sequence of amino acids lining selectivity filters within these subunits, we propose GluN3 to be a regulatory subunit for ion selectivity in t-NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Beesley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, United States
| | - Thomas Sullenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, United States
| | - Sanjay S Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, United States
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19
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Chen LF, Lyons MR, Liu F, Green MV, Hedrick NG, Williams AB, Narayanan A, Yasuda R, West AE. The NMDA receptor subunit GluN3A regulates synaptic activity-induced and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C)-dependent transcription. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8613-8627. [PMID: 32393578 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are key mediators of synaptic activity-regulated gene transcription in neurons, both during development and in the adult brain. Developmental differences in the glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDA 2 (GluN2) subunit composition of NMDARs determines whether they activate the transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB). However, whether the developmentally regulated GluN3A subunit also modulates NMDAR-induced transcription is unknown. Here, using an array of techniques, including quantitative real-time PCR, immunostaining, reporter gene assays, RNA-Seq, and two-photon glutamate uncaging with calcium imaging, we show that knocking down GluN3A in rat hippocampal neurons promotes the inducible transcription of a subset of NMDAR-sensitive genes. We found that this enhancement is mediated by the accumulation of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the nucleus, which drives the activation of the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and promotes the transcription of a subset of synaptic activity-induced genes, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). Our evidence that GluN3A regulates MEF2C-dependent transcription reveals a novel mechanism by which NMDAR subunit composition confers specificity to the program of synaptic activity-regulated gene transcription in developing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle R Lyons
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew V Green
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan G Hedrick
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley B Williams
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arthy Narayanan
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Anne E West
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Kohlmeier KA, Polli FS. Plasticity in the Brainstem: Prenatal and Postnatal Experience Can Alter Laterodorsal Tegmental (LDT) Structure and Function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:3. [PMID: 32116639 PMCID: PMC7019863 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brainstem has traditionally been considered an area of the brain with autonomous control of mostly homeostatic functions such as heart rate, respiration, and the sleep and wakefulness state, which would preclude the necessity to exhibit the high degree of synaptic or cellular mechanisms of plasticity typical of regions of the brain responsible for flexible, executive control, such as the medial prefrontal cortex or the hippocampus. The perception that the brainstem does not share the same degree of flexibility to alter synaptic strength and/or wiring within local circuits makes intuitive sense, as it is not easy to understand how "soft wiring" would be an advantage when considering the importance of faithful and consistent performance of the homeostatic, autonomic functions that are controlled by the brainstem. However, many of the molecular and cellular requirements which underlie strengthening of synapses seen in brain regions involved in higher-level processing are present in brainstem nuclei, and recent research suggest that the view of the brainstem as "hard wired," with rigid and static connectivity and with unchanging synaptic strength, is outdated. In fact, information from studies within the last decades, including work conducted in our group, leads us to propose that the brainstem can dynamically alter synaptic proteins, and change synaptic connections in response to prenatal or postnatal stimuli, and this would likely alter functionality and output. This article reviews recent research that has provided information resulting in our revision of the view of the brainstem as static and non-changing by using as example recent information gleaned from a brainstem pontine nucleus, the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT). The LDT has demonstrated mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity, and plasticity has been exhibited in the postnatal LDT following exposure to drugs of abuse. Further, exposure of the brain during gestation to drugs of abuse results in alterations in development of signaling pathways in the LDT. As the LDT provides a high degree of innervation of mesoaccumbal and mesocortical circuits involved in salience, as well as thalamocortical circuits involved in control of arousal and orientation, changes in synaptic strength would be expected to alter output, which would significantly impact behavioral state, motivated behavior and directed attention. Further, alterations in developmental trajectory within the LDT following prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse would be expected to impact on later life expression of motivation and arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi A. Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Matta C, Juhász T, Fodor J, Hajdú T, Katona É, Szűcs-Somogyi C, Takács R, Vágó J, Oláh T, Bartók Á, Varga Z, Panyi G, Csernoch L, Zákány R. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression and function is required for early chondrogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:166. [PMID: 31842918 PMCID: PMC6915923 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro chondrogenesis depends on the concerted action of numerous signalling pathways, many of which are sensitive to the changes of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor is a cation channel with high permeability for Ca2+. Whilst there is now accumulating evidence for the expression and function of NMDA receptors in non-neural tissues including mature cartilage and bone, the contribution of glutamate signalling to the regulation of chondrogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Methods We studied the role of glutamatergic signalling during the course of in vitro chondrogenesis in high density chondrifying cell cultures using single cell fluorescent calcium imaging, patch clamp, transient gene silencing, and western blotting. Results Here we show that key components of the glutamatergic signalling pathways are functional during in vitro chondrogenesis in a primary chicken chondrogenic model system. We also present the full glutamate receptor subunit mRNA and protein expression profile of these cultures. This is the first study to report that NMDA-mediated signalling may act as a key factor in embryonic limb bud-derived chondrogenic cultures as it evokes intracellular Ca2+ transients, which are abolished by the GluN2B subunit-specific inhibitor ifenprodil. The function of NMDARs is essential for chondrogenesis as their functional knock-down using either ifenprodil or GRIN1 siRNA temporarily blocks the differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells. Cartilage formation was fully restored with the re-expression of the GluN1 protein. Conclusions We propose a key role for NMDARs during the transition of chondroprogenitor cells to cartilage matrix-producing chondroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hajdú
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Katona
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csilla Szűcs-Somogyi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Vágó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ádám Bartók
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róza Zákány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Polli FS, Kohlmeier KA. Alterations in NMDAR-mediated signaling within the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus are associated with prenatal nicotine exposure. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang S, Liao L, Huang Y, Wang M, Zhou H, Chen D, Liu F, Ji D, Xia X, Jiang B, Huang J, Xiong K. Pin1 Is Regulated by CaMKII Activation in Glutamate-Induced Retinal Neuronal Regulated Necrosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:276. [PMID: 31293391 PMCID: PMC6603237 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we reported that peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1)-modulated regulated necrosis (RN) occurred in cultured retinal neurons after glutamate injury. In the current study, we investigated the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in Pin1-modulated RN in cultured rat retinal neurons, and in an animal in vivo model. We first demonstrated that glutamate might lead to calcium overloading mainly through ionotropic glutamate receptors activation. Furthermore, CaMKII activation induced by overloaded calcium leads to Pin1 activation and subsequent RN. Inactivation of CaMKII by KN-93 (KN, i.e., a specific CaMKII inhibitor) application can decrease the glutamate-induced retinal neuronal RN. Finally, by using an animal in vivo model, we also demonstrated the important role of CaMKII in glutamate-induced RN in rat retina. In addition, flash electroretinogram results provided evidence that the impaired visual function induced by glutamate can recover after CaMKII inhibition. In conclusion, CaMKII is an up-regulator of Pin1 and responsible for the RN induced by glutamate. This study provides further understanding of the regulatory pathway of RN and is a complementary mechanism for Pin1 activation mediated necrosis. This finding will provide a potential target to protect neurons from necrosis in neurodegenerative diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and even central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lvshuang Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanxia Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongkang Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Dan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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Smith‐Dijak AI, Sepers MD, Raymond LA. Alterations in synaptic function and plasticity in Huntington disease. J Neurochem 2019; 150:346-365. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy I. Smith‐Dijak
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience the University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health the University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Marja D. Sepers
- Department of Psychiatry and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health the University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Lynn A. Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health the University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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25
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Abstract
GluN3A and GluN3B are glycine-binding subunits belonging to the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) family that can assemble with the GluN1 subunit to form unconventional receptors activated by glycine alone. Functional characterization of GluN1/GluN3 NMDARs has been difficult. Here, we uncover two modalities that have transformative properties on GluN1/GluN3A receptors. First, we identify a compound, CGP-78608, which greatly enhances GluN1/GluN3A responses, converting small and rapidly desensitizing currents into large and stable responses. Second, we show that an endogenous GluN3A disulfide bond endows GluN1/GluN3A receptors with distinct redox modulation, profoundly affecting agonist sensitivity and gating kinetics. Under reducing conditions, ambient glycine is sufficient to generate tonic receptor activation. Finally, using CGP-78608 on P8-P12 mouse hippocampal slices, we demonstrate that excitatory glycine GluN1/GluN3A NMDARs are functionally expressed in native neurons, at least in the juvenile brain. Our work opens new perspectives on the exploration of excitatory glycine receptors in brain function and development. Excitatory glycine GluN1/GluN3A receptors are atypical NMDARs that have been difficult to study. Here the authors identify new properties of these receptors, including potentiation by the GluN1 antagonist CGP-78608 that allows detection of functional GluN1/GluN3A receptors in the juvenile brain.
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26
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Yi F, Zachariassen LG, Dorsett KN, Hansen KB. Properties of Triheteromeric N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors Containing Two Distinct GluN1 Isoforms. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:453-467. [PMID: 29483146 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors mediate excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and play critical roles in many neuronal processes. The physiologic roles of NMDA receptors are shaped by their functional properties, which are highly dependent on subunit composition. Most NMDA receptors are assembled from two GluN1 and two GluN2 subunits, but diversity in subunit composition is made possible by eight GluN1 splice variants (i.e., isoforms) and four distinct GluN2 subunits (GluN2A-D). We demonstrate using Förster resonance energy transfer and fluorescence lifetime imaging that GluN1-1a and GluN1-1b isoforms, which include or lack residues encoded by exon 5, form triheteromeric GluN1-1a/GluN1-1b/GluN2A (1a/1b/2A) and GluN1-1a/GluN1-1b/GluN2B (1a/1b/2B) receptors. We describe the selective expression of NMDA receptors containing two different GluN1 isoforms, and show that triheteromeric 1a/1b/2A and 1a/1b/2B receptors exhibit intermediate deactivation kinetics and pharmacological properties compared with the respective diheteromeric GluN1-1a/GluN1-1a/GluN2 and GluN1-1b/GluN1-1b/GluN2 receptors. These results highlight the intriguing possibility that neurons can finely tune NMDA receptor signaling by shifting the ratio of expressed GluN1-1a and GluN1-1b isoforms. Furthermore, we evaluate the contribution of channel pore residues to magnesium block and calcium permeability. These data point to the asymmetric contribution of pore residues in GluN1 and GluN2 to magnesium block, and reveal that a single copy of pore residues from GluN3 subunits strongly attenuates magnesium block and calcium permeability of NMDA receptors. Thus, the selective expression of NMDA receptors containing two distinct GluN1 isoforms provides new opportunities to study functional properties relevant to neuronal receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Linda G Zachariassen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Katherine N Dorsett
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
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27
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Guo Y, Zhang W, Chen X, Fu J, Cheng W, Song D, Qu X, Yang Z, Zhao K. Timing-dependent LTP and LTD in mouse primary visual cortex following different visual deprivation models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176603. [PMID: 28520739 PMCID: PMC5435181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual deprivation during the critical period induces long-lasting changes in cortical circuitry by adaptively modifying neuro-transmission and synaptic connectivity at synapses. Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is considered a strong candidate for experience-dependent changes. However, the visual deprivation forms that affect timing-dependent long-term potentiation(LTP) and long-term depression(LTD) remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated the temporal window changes of tLTP and tLTD, elicited by coincidental pre- and post-synaptic firing, following different modes of 6-day visual deprivation. Markedly broader temporal windows were found in robust tLTP and tLTD in the V1M of the deprived visual cortex in mice after 6-day MD and DE. The underlying mechanism for the changes seen with visual deprivation in juvenile mice using 6 days of dark exposure or monocular lid suture involves an increased fraction of NR2b-containing NMDAR and the consequent prolongation of NMDAR-mediated response duration. Moreover, a decrease in NR2A protein expression at the synapse is attributable to the reduction of the NR2A/2B ratio in the deprived cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatu Guo
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (KXZ)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Fu
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The TEDA International Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbo Cheng
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The TEDA International Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Desheng Song
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The TEDA International Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People’s Hospital of Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kanxing Zhao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (KXZ)
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28
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Hansen KB, Yi F, Perszyk RE, Menniti FS, Traynelis SF. NMDA Receptors in the Central Nervous System. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1677:1-80. [PMID: 28986865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7321-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a major component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). They are widely distributed at all stages of development and are critically involved in normal brain functions, including neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. NMDA receptors are also implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. For these reasons, NMDA receptors have been intensively studied in the past several decades to elucidate their physiological roles and to advance them as therapeutic targets. Seven NMDA receptor subunits exist that assemble into a diverse array of tetrameric receptor complexes, which are differently regulated, have distinct regional and developmental expression, and possess a wide range of functional and pharmacological properties. The diversity in subunit composition creates NMDA receptor subtypes with distinct physiological roles across neuronal cell types and brain regions, and enables precise tuning of synaptic transmission. Here, we will review the relationship between NMDA receptor structure and function, the diversity and significance of NMDA receptor subtypes in the CNS, as well as principles and rules by which NMDA receptors operate in the CNS under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA. .,Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank S Menniti
- MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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29
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Pérez-Otaño I, Larsen RS, Wesseling JF. Emerging roles of GluN3-containing NMDA receptors in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:623-35. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Carter BC, Jahr CE. Postsynaptic, not presynaptic NMDA receptors are required for spike-timing-dependent LTD induction. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1218-24. [PMID: 27399842 PMCID: PMC5003644 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long-term depression (LTD) between cortical layer 4 spiny stellate cells and layer 2/3 pyramidal cells requires the activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). In young rodents, this form of LTD has been repeatedly reported to require presynaptic NMDARs for its induction. Here we show that at this synapse in the somatosensory cortex of 2 to 3 week old rats and mice, postsynaptic, not presynaptic NMDARs are required for LTD induction. First, we find no evidence for functional NMDARs in L4 neuron axons using 2 photon laser scanning microscopy and 2 photon glutamate uncaging. Second, we find that genetic deletion of postsynaptic, but not presynaptic NMDARs prevents LTD induction. Finally, the pharmacology of the NMDAR requirement is consistent with a non-ionic signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett C Carter
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon USA
| | - Craig E Jahr
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon USA
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31
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Lyons MR, Chen LF, Deng JV, Finn C, Pfenning AR, Sabhlok A, Wilson KM, West AE. The transcription factor calcium-response factor limits NMDA receptor-dependent transcription in the developing brain. J Neurochem 2016; 137:164-76. [PMID: 26826701 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal activity sculpts brain development by inducing the transcription of genes such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) that modulate the function of synapses. Sensory experience is transduced into changes in gene transcription via the activation of calcium signaling pathways downstream of both L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) and NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). These signaling pathways converge on the regulation of transcription factors including calcium-response factor (CaRF). Although CaRF is dispensable for the transcriptional induction of Bdnf following the activation of L-VGCCs, here we show that the loss of CaRF leads to enhanced NMDAR-dependent transcription of Bdnf as well as Arc. We identify the NMDAR subunit-encoding gene Grin3a as a regulatory target of CaRF, and we show that expression of both Carf and Grin3a is depressed by the elevation of intracellular calcium, linking the function of this transcriptional regulatory pathway to neuronal activity. We find that light-dependent activation of Bdnf and Arc transcription is enhanced in the visual cortex of young CaRF knockout mice, suggesting a role for CaRF-dependent dampening of NMDAR-dependent transcription in the developing brain. Finally, we demonstrate that enhanced Bdnf expression in CaRF-lacking neurons increases inhibitory synapse formation. Taken together, these data reveal a novel role for CaRF as an upstream regulator of NMDAR-dependent gene transcription and synapse formation in the developing brain. NMDARs promote brain development by inducing the transcription of genes, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We show that the transcription factor calcium-response factor (CaRF) limits NMDAR-dependent BDNF induction by regulating expression of the NMDAR subunit GluN3A. Loss of CaRF leads to enhanced BDNF-dependent GABAergic synapse formation indicating the importance of this process for brain development. Our observation that both CaRF and GluN3A are down-regulated by intracellular calcium suggests that this may be a mechanism for experience-dependent modulation of synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Lyons
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liang-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jie V Deng
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caitlin Finn
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aditi Sabhlok
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelli M Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne E West
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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32
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Sunagawa G, Sumiyama K, Ukai-Tadenuma M, Perrin D, Fujishima H, Ukai H, Nishimura O, Shi S, Ohno RI, Narumi R, Shimizu Y, Tone D, Ode K, Kuraku S, Ueda H. Mammalian Reverse Genetics without Crossing Reveals Nr3a as a Short-Sleeper Gene. Cell Rep 2016; 14:662-677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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33
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Yang J, Wang S, Yang Z, Hodgkinson CA, Iarikova P, Ma JZ, Payne TJ, Goldman D, Li MD. The contribution of rare and common variants in 30 genes to risk nicotine dependence. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1467-78. [PMID: 25450229 PMCID: PMC4452458 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and functional studies have revealed that both common and rare variants of several nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits are associated with nicotine dependence (ND). In this study, we identified variants in 30 candidate genes including nicotinic receptors in 200 sib pairs selected from the Mid-South Tobacco Family population with equal numbers of African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs). We selected 135 of the rare and common variants and genotyped them in the Mid-South Tobacco Case-Control (MSTCC) population, which consists of 3088 AAs and 1430 EAs. None of the genotyped common variants showed significant association with smoking status (smokers vs non-smokers), Fagerström Test for ND scores or indexed cigarettes per day after Bonferroni correction. Rare variants in NRXN1, CHRNA9, CHRNA2, NTRK2, GABBR2, GRIN3A, DNM1, NRXN2, NRXN3 and ARRB2 were significantly associated with smoking status in the MSTCC AA sample, with weighted sum statistic (WSS) P-values ranging from 2.42 × 10(-3) to 1.31 × 10(-4) after 10(6) phenotype rearrangements. We also observed a significant excess of rare nonsynonymous variants exclusive to EA smokers in NRXN1, CHRNA9, TAS2R38, GRIN3A, DBH, ANKK1/DRD2, NRXN3 and CDH13 with WSS P-values between 3.5 × 10(-5) and 1 × 10(-6). Variants rs142807401 (A432T) and rs139982841 (A452V) in CHRNA9 and variants V132L, V389L, rs34755188 (R480H) and rs75981117 (N549S) in GRIN3A are of particular interest because they are found in both the AA and EA samples. A significant aggregate contribution of rare and common coding variants in CHRNA9 to the risk for ND (SKAT-C: P=0.0012) was detected by applying the combined sum test in MSTCC EAs. Together, our results indicate that rare variants alone or combined with common variants in a subset of 30 biological candidate genes contribute substantially to the risk of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiekun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Shaolin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Zhongli Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | | | | | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Thomas J. Payne
- ACT Center for Tobacco Treatment, Education and Research, Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39213
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, NIH; Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Ming D. Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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Zhou C, Sun H, Klein PM, Jensen FE. Neonatal seizures alter NMDA glutamate receptor GluN2A and 3A subunit expression and function in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:362. [PMID: 26441533 PMCID: PMC4585040 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal seizures are commonly caused by hypoxic and/or ischemic injury during birth and can lead to long-term epilepsy and cognitive deficits. In a rodent hypoxic seizure (HS) model, we have previously demonstrated a critical role for seizure-induced enhancement of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptor (GluA) in epileptogenesis and cognitive consequences, in part due to GluA maturational upregulation of expression. Similarly, as the expression and function of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor (GluN) is also developmentally controlled, we examined how early life seizures during the critical period of synaptogenesis could modify GluN development and function. In a postnatal day (P)10 rat model of neonatal seizures, we found that seizures could alter GluN2/3 subunit composition of GluNs and physiological function of synaptic GluNs. In hippocampal slices removed from rats within 48–96 h following seizures, the amplitudes of synaptic GluN-mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) were elevated in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Moreover, GluN eEPSCs showed a decreased sensitivity to GluN2B selective antagonists and decreased Mg2+ sensitivity at negative holding potentials, indicating a higher proportion of GluN2A and GluN3A subunit function, respectively. These physiological findings were accompanied by a concurrent increase in GluN2A phosphorylation and GluN3A protein. These results suggest that altered GluN function and expression could potentially contribute to future epileptogenesis following neonatal seizures, and may represent potential therapeutic targets for the blockade of future epileptogenesis in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Program in Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Program in Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter M Klein
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frances E Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA ; Program in Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Larson VA, Zhang Y, Bergles DE. Electrophysiological properties of NG2(+) cells: Matching physiological studies with gene expression profiles. Brain Res 2015; 1638:138-160. [PMID: 26385417 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NG2(+) glial cells are a dynamic population of non-neuronal cells that give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. These cells express numerous ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors, which endow them with a complex electrophysiological profile that is unique among glial cells. Despite extensive analysis of the electrophysiological properties of these cells, relatively little was known about the molecular identity of the channels and receptors that they express. The generation of new RNA-Seq datasets for NG2(+) cells has provided the means to explore how distinct genes contribute to the physiological properties of these progenitors. In this review, we systematically compare the results obtained through RNA-Seq transcriptional analysis of purified NG2(+) cells to previous physiological and molecular studies of these cells to define the complement of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors expressed by NG2(+) cells in the mammalian brain and discuss the potential significance of the unique physiological properties of these cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:NG2-glia(Invited only).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Larson
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Nakanishi N, Kang YJ, Tu S, McKercher SR, Masliah E, Lipton SA. Differential Effects of Pharmacologic and Genetic Modulation of NMDA Receptor Activity on HIV/gp120-Induced Neuronal Damage in an In Vivo Mouse Model. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:59-65. [PMID: 26374431 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) consists of motor and cognitive dysfunction in a relatively large percentage of patients with AIDS. Prior work has suggested that at least part of the neuronal and synaptic damage observed in HAND may occur due to excessive stimulation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). Here, we compared pharmacological and genetic manipulation of NMDAR activity using an improved derivative of the NMDAR antagonist memantine, termed NitroMemantine, and the modulatory NMDAR subunit GluN3A in the HIV/gp120 transgenic (tg) mouse model of HAND. Interestingly, we found that while both NitroMemantine and GluN3A have been shown to inhibit NMDAR activity, NitroMemantine protected synapses in gp120-tg mice, but overexpression of GluN3A augmented the damage. Given recent findings in the field, one explanation for this apparently paradoxical result is the location of the NMDARs primarily affected, with NitroMemantine inhibiting predominantly extrasynaptic pathologically activated NMDARs, but GluN3A disrupting normal NMDAR-mediated neuroprotective activity via inhibition of synaptic NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuki Nakanishi
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Present Address: Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yeon-Joo Kang
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shichun Tu
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Scott R McKercher
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Present Address: Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Center for Neuroscience and Aging Research, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Present Address: Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Dzamba D, Honsa P, Valny M, Kriska J, Valihrach L, Novosadova V, Kubista M, Anderova M. Quantitative Analysis of Glutamate Receptors in Glial Cells from the Cortex of GFAP/EGFP Mice Following Ischemic Injury: Focus on NMDA Receptors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:1187-202. [PMID: 25994914 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cortical glial cells contain both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Despite several efforts, a comprehensive analysis of the entire family of glutamate receptors and their subunits present in glial cells is still missing. Here, we provide an overall picture of the gene expression of ionotropic (AMPA, kainate, NMDA) and the main metabotropic glutamate receptors in cortical glial cells isolated from GFAP/EGFP mice before and after focal cerebral ischemia. Employing single-cell RT-qPCR, we detected the expression of genes encoding subunits of glutamate receptors in GFAP/EGFP-positive (GFAP/EGFP(+)) glial cells in the cortex of young adult mice. Most of the analyzed cells expressed mRNA for glutamate receptor subunits, the expression of which, in most cases, even increased after ischemic injury. Data analyses disclosed several classes of GFAP/EGFP(+) glial cells with respect to glutamate receptors and revealed in what manner their expression correlates with the expression of glial markers prior to and after ischemia. Furthermore, we also examined the protein expression and functional significance of NMDA receptors in glial cells. Immunohistochemical analyses of all seven NMDA receptor subunits provided direct evidence that the GluN3A subunit is present in GFAP/EGFP(+) glial cells and that its expression is increased after ischemia. In situ and in vitro Ca(2+) imaging revealed that Ca(2+) elevations evoked by the application of NMDA were diminished in GFAP/EGFP(+) glial cells following ischemia. Our results provide a comprehensive description of glutamate receptors in cortical GFAP/EGFP(+) glial cells and may serve as a basis for further research on glial cell physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dzamba
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic.,2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Honsa
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valny
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kriska
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic.,2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Novosadova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikael Kubista
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Presynaptic NR2A-Containing NMDARs Are Required for LTD between the Amygdala and the Perirhinal Cortex: A Potential Mechanism for the Emotional Modulation of Memory? eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-NWR-0046-14. [PMID: 26464970 PMCID: PMC4586924 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0046-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual recognition memory relies on long-term depression-like mechanisms within the perirhinal cortex and the activation of the lateral amygdala can enhance visual recognition memory. How the lateral amygdala regulates recognition memory is not known, but synaptic plasticity at amygdala-perirhinal synapses may provide a mechanism for the emotional enhancement of recognition memory. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms of long-term depression (LTD) at the amygdala-perirhinal synapse in male Lister Hooded rats. We demonstrate that LTD at this input relies on NR2A-containing NMDARs, located presynaptically. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of LTD, at the amygdala-perirhinal input, which may regulate the emotional context for recognition memory, are different to previously described postsynaptic NR2B-NMDAR mechanisms of intraperirhinal LTD that subserve recognition memory.
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Zhang L, Zhong X, An Z, Han S, Luo X, Shi Y, Yi Q. Association analysis of the GRM8 gene with schizophrenia in the Uygur Chinese population. Hereditas 2015; 151:140-4. [PMID: 25588301 DOI: 10.1111/hrd2.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GRM8 is a schizophrenia candidate gene that is also thought to be involved in the glutamate pathway, which is very important in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between GRM8 and schizophrenia in the Uygur Chinese population. Rs2237748 and rs2299472, located in the GRM8 gene, were selected for genotyping in a set of Uygur Chinese case-control samples, which included 723 cases and 561 controls, using TaqMan assays and capillary sequencing. The statistical analysis was carried out using the online software program SHEsis, and a meta-analysis was carried out to identify other relevant studies using Review Manager 5. We found that the rs2299472 genotype was significantly associated with schizophrenia (P = 0.015, P = 0.030, after Bonferroni correction). The frequency of the CC genotype was higher in the schizophrenic patients (P = 0.008), and the frequency of the AC genotype was lower (P = 0.008). Furthermore, the meta-analysis incorporating the previous and current studies also showed that rs2299472 is associated with schizophrenia. This study indicates that the GRM8 gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China.
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Yildiz-Unal A, Korulu S, Karabay A. Neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:297-310. [PMID: 25709452 PMCID: PMC4327398 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s78226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are calcium-dependent proteolytic enzymes that have deleterious effects on neurons upon their pathological over-activation. According to the results of numerous studies to date, there is no doubt that abnormal calpain activation triggers activation and progression of apoptotic processes in neurodegeneration, leading to neuronal death. Thus, it is very crucial to unravel all the aspects of calpain-mediated neurodegeneration in order to protect neurons through eliminating or at least minimizing its lethal effects. Protecting neurons against calpain-activated apoptosis basically requires developing effective, reliable, and most importantly, therapeutically applicable approaches to succeed. From this aspect, the most significant studies focusing on preventing calpain-mediated neurodegeneration include blocking the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor activities, which are closely related to calpain activation; directly inhibiting calpain itself via intrinsic or synthetic calpain inhibitors, or inhibiting its downstream processes; and utilizing the neuroprotectant steroid hormone estrogen and its receptors. In this review, the most remarkable neuroprotective strategies for calpain-mediated neurodegeneration are categorized and summarized with respect to their advantages and disadvantages over one another, in terms of their efficiency and applicability as a therapeutic regimen in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Yildiz-Unal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Sirin Korulu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Arzu Karabay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Inflammatory sensitization of nociceptors depends on activation of NMDA receptors in DRG satellite cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18363-8. [PMID: 25489099 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420601111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) expressed in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in the inflammatory sensitization of peripheral nociceptor terminals to mechanical stimulation. Injection of NMDA into the fifth lumbar (L5)-DRG induced hyperalgesia in the rat hind paw with a profile similar to that of intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which was significantly attenuated by injection of the NMDAR antagonist D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP-5) in the L5-DRG. Moreover, blockade of DRG AMPA receptors by the antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione had no effect in the PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in the paw, showing specific involvement of NMDARs in this modulatory effect and suggesting that activation of NMDAR in the DRG plays an important role in the peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesia. In following experiments we observed attenuation of PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in the paw by the knockdown of NMDAR subunits NR1, NR2B, NR2D, and NR3A with antisense-oligodeoxynucleotide treatment in the DRG. Also, in vitro experiments showed that the NMDA-induced sensitization of cultured DRG neurons depends on satellite cell activation and on those same NMDAR subunits, suggesting their importance for the PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. In addition, fluorescent calcium imaging experiments in cultures of DRG cells showed induction of calcium transients by glutamate or NMDA only in satellite cells, but not in neurons. Together, the present results suggest that the mechanical inflammatory nociceptor sensitization is dependent on glutamate release at the DRG and subsequent NMDAR activation in satellite glial cells, supporting the idea that the peripheral hyperalgesia is an event modulated by a glutamatergic system in the DRG.
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Abstract
Synaptic rearrangements during critical periods of postnatal brain development rely on the correct formation, strengthening, and elimination of synapses and associated dendritic spines to form functional networks. The correct balance of these processes is thought to be regulated by synapse-specific changes in the subunit composition of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). Among these, the nonconventional NMDAR subunit GluN3A has been suggested to play a role as a molecular brake in synaptic maturation. We tested here this hypothesis using confocal time-lapse imaging in rat hippocampal organotypic slices and assessed the role of GluN3A-containing NMDARs on spine dynamics. We found that overexpressing GluN3A reduced spine density over time, increased spine elimination, and decreased spine stability. The effect of GluN3A overexpression could be further enhanced by using an endocytosis-deficient GluN3A mutant and reproduced by silencing the adaptor protein PACSIN1, which prevents the endocytosis of endogenous GluN3A. Conversely, silencing of GluN3A reduced spine elimination and favored spine stability. Moreover, reexpression of GluN3A in more mature tissue reinstated an increased spine pruning and a low spine stability. Mechanistically, the decreased stability in GluN3A overexpressing neurons could be linked to a failure of plasticity-inducing protocols to selectively stabilize spines and was dependent on the ability of GluN3A to bind the postsynaptic scaffold GIT1. Together, these data provide strong evidence that GluN3A prevents the activity-dependent stabilization of synapses thereby promoting spine pruning, and suggest that GluN3A expression operates as a molecular signal for controlling the extent and timing of synapse maturation.
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43
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Pankratov Y, Lalo U. Calcium permeability of ligand-gated Ca2+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 739:60-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lundgaard I, Luzhynskaya A, Stockley JH, Wang Z, Evans KA, Swire M, Volbracht K, Gautier HOB, Franklin RJM, ffrench-Constant C, Attwell D, Káradóttir RT. Neuregulin and BDNF induce a switch to NMDA receptor-dependent myelination by oligodendrocytes. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001743. [PMID: 24391468 PMCID: PMC3876980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin switches oligodendrocytes between two modes of myelination: from a neuronal activity–independent mode to a myelin-increasing, neuronal activity–dependent, mechanism that involves glutamate release and NMDA receptor activation. Myelination is essential for rapid impulse conduction in the CNS, but what determines whether an individual axon becomes myelinated remains unknown. Here we show, using a myelinating coculture system, that there are two distinct modes of myelination, one that is independent of neuronal activity and glutamate release and another that depends on neuronal action potentials releasing glutamate to activate NMDA receptors on oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Neuregulin switches oligodendrocytes from the activity-independent to the activity-dependent mode of myelination by increasing NMDA receptor currents in oligodendrocyte lineage cells 6-fold. With neuregulin present myelination is accelerated and increased, and NMDA receptor block reduces myelination to far below its level without neuregulin. Thus, a neuregulin-controlled switch enhances the myelination of active axons. In vivo, we demonstrate that remyelination after white matter damage is NMDA receptor-dependent. These data resolve controversies over the signalling regulating myelination and suggest novel roles for neuregulin in schizophrenia and in remyelination after white matter damage. Myelination acts as an insulator for neurons and as such is essential for normal brain function, ensuring fast neuronal communication. Oligodendrocytes are the cells that wrap their membrane around nerve cell axons to form the myelin sheath that enables fast action potential propagation. However, what determines whether an individual axon becomes myelinated remains unknown. We show that there are two distinct modes of myelination: one that is independent of neuronal activity and the release of the neurotransmitter glutamate and another that depends on nerve cell action potentials releasing glutamate, which then activates a class of glutamate receptor (NMDA receptors) on oligodendrocyte lineage cells. We find that the protein neuregulin switches oligodendrocytes between these two modes of myelination; neuregulin increases oligodendrocyte lineage cells' sensitivity to glutamate by increasing the current flowing through their glutamate receptors. With neuregulin present, myelination is accelerated and increased. Blocking NMDA receptors reduces the amount of myelination to far below its level without neuregulin. Thus, a neuregulin-controlled switch enhances the myelination of active axons. We also demonstrate that remyelination after white matter damage (as occurs in diseases, such as spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis) is NMDA receptor-dependent. These data help us understand the signalling that regulates myelination and suggest the possible involvement of neuregulin in schizophrenia and in remyelination after white matter damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Lundgaard
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council (MRC) Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aryna Luzhynskaya
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council (MRC) Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John H. Stockley
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council (MRC) Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley A. Evans
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council (MRC) Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Swire
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Volbracht
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council (MRC) Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hélène O. B. Gautier
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council (MRC) Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J. M. Franklin
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council (MRC) Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charles ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ragnhildur T. Káradóttir
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council (MRC) Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Kehoe LA, Bernardinelli Y, Muller D. GluN3A: an NMDA receptor subunit with exquisite properties and functions. Neural Plast 2013; 2013:145387. [PMID: 24386575 PMCID: PMC3872238 DOI: 10.1155/2013/145387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are pivotal for synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Conventional NMDAR consist of heterotetrameric structures composed of GluN1 and GluN2 subunits. A third subunit, GluN3, can also assemble with NMDAR subunits giving a remarkable modification of their heteromeric structure, forming a "nonconventional" NMDAR. As a consequence, the stoichiometry and kinetic properties of the receptors are dramatically changed. Among the GluN3 family, the GluN3A subunit has been the focus of a large amount of studies during recent years. These studies reveal that GluN3A is transiently expressed during development and could play a role in the fine tuning of neuronal networks as well as associated diseases. Moreover, GluN3A distribution outside the postsynaptic densities, including perisynaptic astrocytes, places it at a strategic position to play an important role in the interactions between neurons and glial cells. This review highlights GluN3A properties and addresses its role in neurophysiology and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Kehoe
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
- Cellular Neurobiology, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigacion Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yann Bernardinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Muller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, CMU, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland
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46
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Cavalcante ALC, Siqueira RMP, Araujo JCB, Gondim DV, Ribeiro RA, Quetz JS, Havt A, Lima AAM, Vale ML. Role of NMDA receptors in the trigeminal pathway, and the modulatory effect of magnesium in a model of rat temporomandibular joint arthritis. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:573-83. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André L. C. Cavalcante
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program; Department of Clinical Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Rafaelly M. P. Siqueira
- Pharmacology Post-graduation Program; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Joana C. B. Araujo
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program; Department of Clinical Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Delane V. Gondim
- Department of Morphology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A. Ribeiro
- Pharmacology Post-graduation Program; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Josiane S. Quetz
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid & Clinical Research Unit; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Pharmacology Post-graduation Program; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid & Clinical Research Unit; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Aldo A. M. Lima
- Pharmacology Post-graduation Program; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
- Institute of Biomedicine for Brazilian Semi-Arid & Clinical Research Unit; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Mariana L. Vale
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program; Department of Clinical Medicine; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
- Pharmacology Post-graduation Program; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
- Department of Morphology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Brazil
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47
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Fu J, Xue R, Gu J, Xiao Y, Zhong H, Pan X, Ran R. Neuroprotective effect of calcitriol on ischemic/reperfusion injury through the NR3A/CREB pathways in the rat hippocampus. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1708-14. [PMID: 24141895 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitriol has been demonstrated to provide neuroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the exact mechanism of this protection remains unknown. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of calcitriol was investigated in rats exposed to cerebral I/R injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In addition, the involvement of NR3A, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and phosphorylated cAMP/Ca2+‑response element binding protein (p‑CREB) in this protective action was determined in the hippocampal neurons. Western blot analysis was conducted to analyze the protein levels of NR3A, mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and p‑CREB. The immunoreactivity of p‑CREB and NR3A were measured by quantum dot‑based immunofluorescence analysis. Results showed that MCAO rats exhibited large cortical infarct volumes. By contrast, intraperitoneal administration of calcitriol significantly reduced infarct volumes seven days following reperfusion, and these results were accompanied by elevated NR3A and p‑CREB activity in the hippocampal neurons. The inhibition of MEK by the addition of PD98059 led to attenuation of the neuroprotective effects of calcitriol and a correlated decrease in CREB activity. The results also demonstrated that calcitriol protected the brain from I/R injury through the NR3A‑MEK/ERK‑CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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48
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Jantzie LL, Talos DM, Jackson MC, Park HK, Graham DA, Lechpammer M, Folkerth RD, Volpe JJ, Jensen FE. Developmental expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits in human white and gray matter: potential mechanism of increased vulnerability in the immature brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:482-95. [PMID: 24046081 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of perinatal brain injury is multifactorial and involves hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and inflammation. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are present on neurons and glia in immature rodents, and NMDAR antagonists are protective in HI models. To enhance clinical translation of rodent data, we examined protein expression of 6 NMDAR subunits in postmortem human brains without injury from 20 postconceptional weeks through adulthood and in cases of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). We hypothesized that the developing brain is intrinsically vulnerable to excitotoxicity via maturation-specific NMDAR levels and subunit composition. In normal white matter, NR1 and NR2B levels were highest in the preterm period compared with adult. In gray matter, NR2A and NR3A expression were highest near term. NR2A was significantly elevated in PVL white matter, with reduced NR1 and NR3A in gray matter compared with uninjured controls. These data suggest increased NMDAR-mediated vulnerability during early brain development due to an overall upregulation of individual receptors subunits, in particular, the presence of highly calcium permeable NR2B-containing and magnesium-insensitive NR3A NMDARs. These data improve understanding of molecular diversity and heterogeneity of NMDAR subunit expression in human brain development and supports an intrinsic prenatal vulnerability to glutamate-mediated injury; validating NMDAR subunit-specific targeted therapies for PVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Delia M Talos
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Current address: Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michele C Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dionne A Graham
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Clinical Research Center
| | - Mirna Lechpammer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca D Folkerth
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph J Volpe
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frances E Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Current address: Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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49
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Wang H, Yan H, Zhang S, Wei X, Zheng J, Li J. The GluN3A subunit exerts a neuroprotective effect in brain ischemia and the hypoxia process. ASN Neuro 2013; 5:231-42. [PMID: 23883441 PMCID: PMC3756525 DOI: 10.1042/an20130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NMDARs (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) mediate the predominantly excitatory neurotransmission in the CNS (central nervous system). Excessive release of glutamate and overactivation of NMDARs during brain ischemia and the hypoxia process are causally linked to excitotoxicity and neuronal damage. GluN3 subunits, the third member of the NMDAR family with two isoforms, GluN3A and GluN3B, have been confirmed to display an inhibitory effect on NMDAR activity. However, the effect of GluN3 subunits in brain ischemia and hypoxia is not clearly understood. In the present study, the influence of ischemia and hypoxia on GluN3 subunit expression was observed by using the 2VO (two-vessel occlusion) rat brain ischemia model and cell OGD (oxygen and glucose deprivation) hypoxia model. It was found that GluN3A protein expression in rat hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex was increased quickly after brain ischemia and remained at a high level for at least 24 h. However, the expression of the GluN3B subunit was not remarkably changed in both the animal and cell models. After OGD exposure, rat hippocampal neurons with GluN3A subunit overexpression displayed more viability than the wild-type neurons. NG108-15 cells overexpressing GluN3A presented pronounced resistance to glutamate insult. Blocking the increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration may underlie the neuroprotective mechanism of up-regulated GluN3A subunit. Suppressing the generation of hydroxyl radicals and NO (nitric oxide) is probably also involved in the neuroprotection.
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Key Words
- brain hypoxia and ischemia
- excitotoxicity
- glun3a
- n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (nmdar)
- oxygen and glucose deprivation (ogd)
- 2vo, two-vessel occlusion
- cns, central nervous system
- dapi, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- fcm, flow cytometry
- gdna, genomic dna
- hbss, hanks’ balanced salt solution
- mtt, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide
- nmdar, n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor
- no, nitric oxide
- ogd, oxygen and glucose deprivation
- pi, propidium iodide
- rt, reverse transcription
- s–d, sprague–dawley
- tbst, tbs containing 0.1% tween-20
- ttc, triphenyltetrazolium chloride
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhuo Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
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50
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Kvist T, Greenwood JR, Hansen KB, Traynelis SF, Bräuner-Osborne H. Structure-based discovery of antagonists for GluN3-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Neuropharmacology 2013; 75:324-36. [PMID: 23973313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
NMDA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that assemble into tetrameric receptor complexes composed of glycine-binding GluN1 and GluN3 subunits (GluN3A-B) and glutamate-binding GluN2 subunits (GluN2A-D). NMDA receptors can assemble as GluN1/N2 receptors and as GluN3-containing NMDA receptors, which are either glutamate/glycine-activated triheteromeric GluN1/N2/N3 receptors or glycine-activated diheteromeric GluN1/N3 receptors. The glycine-binding GluN1 and GluN3 subunits display strikingly different pharmacological selectivity profiles. However, the pharmacological characterization of GluN3-containing receptors has been hampered by the lack of methods and pharmacological tools to study GluN3 subunit pharmacology in isolation. Here, we have developed a method to study the pharmacology of GluN3 subunits in recombinant diheteromeric GluN1/N3 receptors by mutating the orthosteric ligand-binding pocket in GluN1. This method is suitable for performing compound screening and characterization of structure-activity relationship studies on GluN3 ligands. We have performed a virtual screen of the orthosteric binding site of GluN3A in the search for antagonists with selectivity for GluN3 subunits. In the subsequent pharmacological evaluation of 99 selected compounds, we identified 6-hydroxy-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5(4H)-one (TK80) a novel competitive antagonist with preference for the GluN3B subunit. Serendipitously, we also identified [2-hydroxy-5-((4-(pyridin-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl)amino]benzoic acid (TK13) and 4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (TK30), two novel non-competitive GluN3 antagonists. These findings demonstrate that structural differences between the orthosteric binding site of GluN3 and GluN1 can be exploited to generate selective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Kvist
- Dept. of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Fruebjergvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper B Hansen
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 5062 Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 5062 Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Dept. of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Fruebjergvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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