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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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Liu L, Bonventre JV, Rittenhouse AR. cPLA2α-/- sympathetic neurons exhibit increased membrane excitability and loss of N-Type Ca2+ current inhibition by M1 muscarinic receptor signaling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201322. [PMID: 30557348 PMCID: PMC6296557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Group IVa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) mediates GPCR-stimulated arachidonic acid (AA) release from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) located in plasma membranes. We previously found in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons that PLA2 activity is required for voltage-independent N-type Ca2+ (N-) current inhibition by M1 muscarinic receptors (M1Rs). These findings are at odds with an alternative model, previously observed for M-current inhibition, where PIP2 dissociation from channels and subsequent metabolism by phospholipase C suffices for current inhibition. To resolve cPLA2α’s importance, we have investigated its role in mediating voltage-independent N-current inhibition (~40%) that follows application of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M). Preincubation with different cPLA2α antagonists or dialyzing cPLA2α antibodies into cells minimized N-current inhibition by Oxo-M, whereas antibodies to Ca2+-independent PLA2 had no effect. Taking a genetic approach, we found that SCG neurons from cPLA2α-/- mice exhibited little N-current inhibition by Oxo-M, confirming a role for cPLA2α. In contrast, cPLA2α antibodies or the absence of cPLA2α had no effect on voltage-dependent N-current inhibition by M2/M4Rs or on M-current inhibition by M1Rs. These findings document divergent M1R signaling mediating M-current and voltage-independent N-current inhibition. Moreover, these differences suggest that cPLA2α acts locally to metabolize PIP2 intimately associated with N- but not M-channels. To determine cPLA2α’s functional importance more globally, we examined action potential firing of cPLA2α+/+ and cPLA2α-/- SCG neurons, and found decreased latency to first firing and interspike interval resulting in a doubling of firing frequency in cPLA2α-/- neurons. These unanticipated findings identify cPLA2α as a tonic regulator of neuronal membrane excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Liu
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ann R. Rittenhouse
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Elinder F, Liin SI. Actions and Mechanisms of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Voltage-Gated Ion Channels. Front Physiol 2017; 8:43. [PMID: 28220076 PMCID: PMC5292575 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) act on most ion channels, thereby having significant physiological and pharmacological effects. In this review we summarize data from numerous PUFAs on voltage-gated ion channels containing one or several voltage-sensor domains, such as voltage-gated sodium (NaV), potassium (KV), calcium (CaV), and proton (HV) channels, as well as calcium-activated potassium (KCa), and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Some effects of fatty acids appear to be channel specific, whereas others seem to be more general. Common features for the fatty acids to act on the ion channels are at least two double bonds in cis geometry and a charged carboxyl group. In total we identify and label five different sites for the PUFAs. PUFA site 1: The intracellular cavity. Binding of PUFA reduces the current, sometimes as a time-dependent block, inducing an apparent inactivation. PUFA site 2: The extracellular entrance to the pore. Binding leads to a block of the channel. PUFA site 3: The intracellular gate. Binding to this site can bend the gate open and increase the current. PUFA site 4: The interface between the extracellular leaflet of the lipid bilayer and the voltage-sensor domain. Binding to this site leads to an opening of the channel via an electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged PUFA and the positively charged voltage sensor. PUFA site 5: The interface between the extracellular leaflet of the lipid bilayer and the pore domain. Binding to this site affects slow inactivation. This mapping of functional PUFA sites can form the basis for physiological and pharmacological modifications of voltage-gated ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Elinder
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sara I Liin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
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Yu L, Eaton AF, Yue Q, Bao HF, Ma HP, Cuppoletti J, Eaton DC. Unoprostone activation of BK (KCa1.1) channel splice variants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2859-67. [PMID: 26277265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was conducted to study the relationship between intracellular Ca(2+) and activation of large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) currents by unoprostone, the first synthetic docosanoid. We used HEK293 cells stably transfected with two BK channel splice variants, one sensitive to unoprostone and the other insensitive. We examined the effects of unoprostone on channel activity in excised inside-out patches and cell-attached patches. The half-maximal stimulation of the sensitive BK channels by Ca(2+) was shifted from 3.4±0.017 nM to 0.81±.0058 nM in the presence of 10 nM unoprostone. There was no effect on insensitive channels even at unoprostone concentrations as high as 1000 nM. There was no effect of unoprostone on the voltage dependence of the BK channels. Changes in open probability and effects of Ca(2+) and unoprostone were best described by a synergistic binding model. These data would suggest that Ca(2+) and unoprostone were binding to sites close to one another on the channel protein and that unoprostone binding causes the affinity of the calcium binding site to increase. This idea is consistent with three dimensional models of the Ca(2+) binding site and a putative unoprostone binding domain. Our results have important implications for the clinical use of unoprostone to activate BK channels. Channel activation will be limited if intracellular Ca(2+) is not elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Amity F Eaton
- Department of Physiology and the Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Physiology and the Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Hui-Fang Bao
- Department of Physiology and the Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - He-Ping Ma
- Department of Physiology and the Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - John Cuppoletti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Department of Physiology and the Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Mladenov MI, Hristov KL, Dimitrova DZ, Schubert R, Lubomirov LT, Gjorgoski IK, Duridanova DB, Gagov HS. Ghrelin signalling in guinea-pig femoral artery smooth muscle cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2008; 194:195-206. [PMID: 18577183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to study the new signalling pathway of ghrelin in the guinea-pig femoral artery using the outward I(K) as a sensor. METHODS Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments were performed on single smooth muscle cells, freshly isolated from the guinea-pig femoral artery. The contractile force of isometric preparations of the same artery was measured using a wire-myograph. RESULTS In a Ca2+- and nicardipine-containing external solution, 1 mmol L(-1) tetraethylammonium reduced the net I(K) by 49 +/- 7%. This effect was similar and not additive to the effect of the specific BK(Ca) channel inhibitor iberiotoxin. Ghrelin (10(-7) mol L(-1)) quickly and significantly reduced the amplitudes of tetraethylammonium- and iberiotoxin-sensitive currents through BK(Ca) channels. The application of 5 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) desacyl ghrelin did not affect the amplitude of the control I(K) but it successfully prevented the ghrelin-induced I(K) decrease. The effect of ghrelin on I(K) was insensitive to selective inhibitors of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, soluble guanylyl cyclase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase or a calmodulin antagonist, but was effectively antagonized by blockers of BK(Ca) channels, phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C, phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C, protein kinase C, SERCA, IP(3)-induced Ca2+ release and by pertussis toxin. The ghrelin-induced increase in the force of contractions was blocked when iberiotoxin (10(-7) mol L(-1)) was present in the bath solution. CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin reduces I(K(Ca)) in femoral artery myocytes by a mechanism that requires activation of Galpha(i/o)-proteins, phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C, protein kinase C and IP(3)-induced Ca2+ release.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelin-1/pharmacology
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/metabolism
- Femoral Artery/physiology
- Ghrelin/pharmacology
- Guinea Pigs
- Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/drug effects
- Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C/physiology
- Protein Kinase C/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Type C Phospholipases/physiology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Mladenov
- Department of Ion Channels, Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Denson DD, Li J, Eaton DC. Co-localization of the alpha-subunit of BK-channels and c-PLA2 in GH3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 350:39-49. [PMID: 16997278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Large conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels (maxi K- or BK-channels) can be regulated by arachidonic acid produced by c-Phospholipase A2 (c-PLA2). Since in every excised patch from GH3 cells where there was BK-channel activity, treatment with either a stimulator or inhibitor of c-PLA2 resulted in a corresponding increase or decrease in BK-channel activity, we hypothesized that there must be a close association between BK-channel proteins and c-PLA2 in the cell membrane. To test this hypothesis, we first determined whether the two proteins would co-immunoprecipitate. We then used confocal imaging of fluorescently tagged proteins to determine where in the cells BK-channel proteins and c-PLA2 co-localize. The alpha-subunit of the BK-channel was strongly co-immunoprecipitated by c-PLA2 antibodies, suggesting that most of the BK channel alpha-subunits are associated with c-PLA2. This interaction was not affected by pharmacologically inhibiting c-PLA2 suggesting that the association does not require functionally active c-PLA2. Following dual immunohistochemical labeling and confocal microscopy, image analysis revealed that in the cytosol there was some co-localization, but most of the c-PLA2 was separate from BK-channel proteins. On the other hand, the c-PLA2 and BK-channel proteins at the plasma membrane were strongly co-localized. Immunoprecipitation experiments conducted with plasma membrane proteins support these findings. We conclude that c-PLA2 is likely physically associated with BK-channel proteins at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Denson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Roch A, Shlyonsky V, Goolaerts A, Mies F, Sariban-Sohraby S. Halothane Directly Modifies Na+ and K+ Channel Activities in Cultured Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 69:1755-62. [PMID: 16399849 DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.021485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During inhalational anesthesia, halogenated gases are in direct contact with the alveolar epithelium, in which they may affect transepithelial ion and fluid transport. The effects of halogenated gases in vivo on epithelial Na+ and K+ channels, which participate in alveolar liquid clearance, remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of halothane (1, 2, and 4% atm) on ion-channel function in cultured human alveolar cells were investigated using the patch-clamp technique. After exposure to 4% halothane, amiloride-sensitive whole-cell inward currents increased by 84+/-22%, whereas tetraethylammonium-sensitive outward currents decreased by 63+/-7%. These effects, which occurred within 30 s, remained for 30-min periods of exposure to the gas, were concentration-dependent, and were reversible upon washout. Pretreatment with amiloride prevented 90+/-7% of the increase in inward currents without change in outward currents, consistent with an activation of amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels. Tetraethylammonium obliterated 90+/-9% of the effect of halothane on outward currents, without change in inward currents, indicating inhibition of Ca2+-activated K+ channels. These channels were identified in excised patches to be small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. These effects of halothane were not modified after the inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 by aristolochic acid. Exposure of the cells to either trypsin or to low Na+ completely prevented the increase in amiloride-sensitive currents induced by halothane, suggesting a release of Na+ channels self-inhibition. Thus, halothane modifies differentially and independently Na+ and K+ permeabilities in human alveolar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Roch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Campus Erasme CP 604, 808, route de Lennik, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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