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Xie Y, Li C, Guan M, Zhang T, Ma C, Wang Z, Ma Z, Wang H, Fang P. The efficacy of low frequency repetitive transcial magnetic stimulation for treating auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: Insights from functional gradient analyses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30194. [PMID: 38707410 PMCID: PMC11066630 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVH) constitute a prominent feature of schizophrenia. Although low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated therapeutic benefits in ameliorating AVH, the underlying mechanisms of its efficacy necessitate further elucidation. Objective This study investigated the cortical gradient characteristics and their associations with clinical responses in schizophrenia patients with AVH, mediated through 1 Hz rTMS targeting the left temporoparietal junction. Method Functional gradient metrics were employed to examine the hierarchy patterns of cortical organization, capturing whole-brain functional connectivity profiles in patients and controls. Results The 1 Hz rTMS treatment effectively ameliorated the positive symptoms in patients, specifically targeting AVH. Initial evaluations revealed expanded global gradient distribution patterns and specific principal gradient variations in certain brain regions in patients at baseline compared to a control cohort. Following treatment, these divergent global and local patterns showed signs of normalizing. Furthermore, there was observed a closer alignment in between-network dispersion among various networks after treatment, including the somatomotor, attention, and limbic networks, indicating a potential harmonization of brain functionality. Conclusion Low-frequency rTMS induces alternations in principal functional gradient patterns, may serve as imaging markers to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS on AVH in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Xie
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Muzhen Guan
- Department of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaozong Ma
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhujing Ma
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- Military Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Szabo E, Ashina S, Melo-Carrillo A, Bolo NR, Borsook D, Burstein R. Peripherally acting anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies alter cortical gray matter thickness in migraine patients: A prospective cohort study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103531. [PMID: 37866119 PMCID: PMC10623369 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is underpinned by central nervous system neuroplastic alterations thought to be caused by the repetitive peripheral afferent barrage the brain receives during the headache phase (cortical hyperexcitability). Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (anti-CGRP-mAbs) are highly effective migraine preventative treatments. Their ability to alter brain morphometry in treatment-responders vs. non-responders is not well understood. Our aim was to determine the effects of the anti-CGRP-mAb galcanezumab on cortical thickness after 3-month treatment of patients with high-frequency episodic or chronic migraine. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed pre- and post-treatment in 36 migraine patients. In this group, 19 patients were classified responders (≥50 % reduction in monthly migraine days) and 17 were considered non-responders (<50 % reduction in monthly migraine days). Following cross-sectional processing to analyze the baseline differences in cortical thickness, two-stage longitudinal processing and symmetrized percent change were conducted to investigate treatment-related brain changes. At baseline, no significant differences were found between the responders and non-responders. After 3-month treatment, decreased cortical thickness (compared to baseline) was observed in the responders in regions of the somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. Non-responders demonstrated decreased cortical thickness in the left dorsomedial cortex and superior frontal gyrus. We interpret the cortical thinning seen in the responder group as suggesting that reduction in head pain could lead to changes in neural swelling and dendritic complexity and that such changes reflect the recovery process from maladaptive neural activity. This conclusion is further supported by our recent study showing that 3 months after treatment initiation, the incidence of premonitory symptoms and prodromes that are followed by headache decreases but not the incidence of the premonitory symptoms or prodromes themselves (that is, cortical thinning relates to reductions in the nociceptive signals in the responders). We speculate that a much longer recovery period is required to allow the brain to return to a more 'normal' functioning state whereby prodromes and premonitory symptoms no longer occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Szabo
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sait Ashina
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Comprehensive Headache Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Agustin Melo-Carrillo
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicolas R Bolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David Borsook
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rami Burstein
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Comprehensive Headache Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Koirala N, Deroche MLD, Wolfe J, Neumann S, Bien AG, Doan D, Goldbeck M, Muthuraman M, Gracco VL. Dynamic networks differentiate the language ability of children with cochlear implants. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1141886. [PMID: 37409105 PMCID: PMC10318154 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1141886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cochlear implantation (CI) in prelingually deafened children has been shown to be an effective intervention for developing language and reading skill. However, there is a substantial proportion of the children receiving CI who struggle with language and reading. The current study-one of the first to implement electrical source imaging in CI population was designed to identify the neural underpinnings in two groups of CI children with good and poor language and reading skill. Methods Data using high density electroencephalography (EEG) under a resting state condition was obtained from 75 children, 50 with CIs having good (HL) or poor language skills (LL) and 25 normal hearing (NH) children. We identified coherent sources using dynamic imaging of coherent sources (DICS) and their effective connectivity computing time-frequency causality estimation based on temporal partial directed coherence (TPDC) in the two CI groups compared to a cohort of age and gender matched NH children. Findings Sources with higher coherence amplitude were observed in three frequency bands (alpha, beta and gamma) for the CI groups when compared to normal hearing children. The two groups of CI children with good (HL) and poor (LL) language ability exhibited not only different cortical and subcortical source profiles but also distinct effective connectivity between them. Additionally, a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm using these sources and their connectivity patterns for each CI group across the three frequency bands was able to predict the language and reading scores with high accuracy. Interpretation Increased coherence in the CI groups suggest overall that the oscillatory activity in some brain areas become more strongly coupled compared to the NH group. Moreover, the different sources and their connectivity patterns and their association to language and reading skill in both groups, suggest a compensatory adaptation that either facilitated or impeded language and reading development. The neural differences in the two groups of CI children may reflect potential biomarkers for predicting outcome success in CI children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Koirala
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Jace Wolfe
- Hearts for Hearing Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sara Neumann
- Hearts for Hearing Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Alexander G. Bien
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Derek Doan
- University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Michael Goldbeck
- University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Department of Neurology, Neural Engineering with Signal Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (NESA-AI), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vincent L. Gracco
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Lu Y, Kim J, Kim T. A neurophysiological approach to the distinction between motor and cognitive skills: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1178800. [PMID: 37274191 PMCID: PMC10235625 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1178800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the neurophysiological differences underpinning motor and cognitive skills by measuring the brain activity via functional magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-five healthy adults (11 women, 25.8 ± 3.5 years of age) participated in the study. We developed three types of tasks, namely, simple motor task (SMT), complex motor task (CMT), and cognitive task (CT), using two-dimensional images of Gomoku, a traditional game known as five in a row. When shown the stimulus, participants were instructed to identify the best spot to win the game and to perform motor imagery of placing the stone for the SMT and CMT but not for the CT. Accordingly, we found significant activation from the CMT minus SMT contrast in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, precentral gyrus, and superior frontal cortex, which reflected increased visuospatial attention, working memory, and motor planning. From the CT minus SMT contrast, we observed significant activation in the left caudate nucleus, right medial prefrontal cortex, and right primary somatosensory cortex, responsible for visuospatial working memory, error detection, and cognitive imagery, respectively. The present findings indicate that adopting a conventional classification of cognitive and motor tasks focused on the extent of decision making and motor control involved in task performance might not be ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhang Lu
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingu Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Teri Kim
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Aberrant visual-related networks in familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 101:105-110. [PMID: 35870251 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy, photic stimulation can trigger visual symptoms and induce a photoparoxysmal response, or photosensitivity, on electroencephalography. However, the mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the neuroimaging changes related to visual symptoms and photosensitivity in genetically confirmed familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy type 1. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography data were collected from 31 patients carrying the heterozygous pathogenic intronic pentanucleotide (TTTCA)n insertion in the sterile alpha motif domain-containing 12 gene and from 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS (1) Both regional homogeneity and degree centrality values in the bilateral calcarine sulcus were significantly increased in patients compared with healthy controls. (2) When the calcarine sulcus area with increased regional homogeneity was taken as a seed, increased functional connectivity values were observed in the right precentral gyrus, while decreased functional connectivity values were observed in the right superior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule. (3) Independent component analysis showed increased connectivity in the left calcarine sulcus inside the medial visual network. (4) Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between regional homogeneity values and frequency of seizure, and photoparoxysmal response grades were positively correlated with the severity of cortical tremor and duration of epilepsy. CONCLUSION These findings provide strong evidence for the interpretation of visual symptoms and photosensitivity in familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. We speculate that functional changes in the primary visual cortex may be an imaging biomarker for the disease.
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Chotipanich C, Tepmongkol S, Wongsawat Y, Jantarato A. Alterations of regional cerebral glucose metabolism using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography and electroencephalography analysis during mindfulness breathing in Anapanasati meditation: A preliminary analysis. World J Nucl Med 2021; 20:273-280. [PMID: 34703396 PMCID: PMC8488898 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_94_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anapanasati is a core meditation of a breath-centered practice in the Buddhist Theravada tradition, which may have some neurological mechanism effects on the brain. To gain insight into the neurological mechanisms involved in Anapanasati meditation, we measured the alterations of regional cerebral glucose metabolism during Anapanasati meditation using positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and electroencephalography (EEG) analysis. This prospective study was conducted in six right-handed volunteer participants (two men, four women; aged: 32–67 years) who underwent18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT scans to compare the alterations of regional cerebral glucose metabolism during normal consciousness and Anapanasati meditation states. Spectral EEG analysis was performed throughout the investigations. Statistical parametric mapping was used for the18F-FDG PET/CT image analyses. The visual analysis demonstrated moderate-to-marked increased metabolism in posterior cingulate cortex in all six patients, while mild-to-moderate increased uptake in the whole frontal lobe was also observed in four patients and precuneus in four patients. Meanwhile, the semiquantitative analysis yielded an increase of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in the right mid-to-posterior cingulate gyrus (P < 0.000), with visible alpha waves on the frontal of the EEG findings. Our semiquantitative analysis showed a significantly increased metabolism only in the posterior cingulate cortex, but visually, there was also an increased metabolism in the whole frontal lobe in most of the patients correlating with EEG findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanisa Chotipanich
- National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supatporn Tepmongkol
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Biomedical Imaging Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yodchanan Wongsawat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Attapon Jantarato
- National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gejl M, Gjedde A, Brock B, Møller A, van Duinkerken E, Haahr HL, Hansen CT, Chu PL, Stender-Petersen KL, Rungby J. Effects of hypoglycaemia on working memory and regional cerebral blood flow in type 1 diabetes: a randomised, crossover trial. Diabetologia 2018; 61:551-561. [PMID: 29188338 PMCID: PMC6448973 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this randomised, crossover trial was to compare cognitive functioning and associated brain activation patterns during hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose [PG] just below 3.1 mmol/l) and euglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS In this patient-blinded, crossover study, 26 participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus attended two randomised experimental visits: one hypoglycaemic clamp (PG 2.8 ± 0.2 mmol/l, approximate duration 55 min) and one euglycaemic clamp (PG 5.5 mmol/l ± 10%). PG levels were maintained by hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamping. Cognitive functioning was assessed during hypoglycaemia and euglycaemia conditions using a modified version of the digit symbol substitution test (mDSST) and control DSST (cDSST). Simultaneously, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in pre-specified brain regions by six H215O-positron emission tomographies (PET) per session. RESULTS Working memory was impaired during hypoglycaemia as indicated by a statistically significantly lower mDSST score (estimated treatment difference [ETD] -0.63 [95% CI -1.13, -0.14], p = 0.014) and a statistically significantly longer response time (ETD 2.86 s [7%] [95% CI 0.67, 5.05], p = 0.013) compared with euglycaemia. During hypoglycaemia, mDSST task performance was associated with increased activity in the frontal lobe regions, superior parietal lobe and thalamus, and decreased activity in the temporal lobe regions (p < 0.05). Working memory activation (mDSST - cDSST) statistically significantly increased blood flow in the striatum during hypoglycaemia (ETD 0.0374% [95% CI 0.0157, 0.0590], p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION During hypoglycaemia (mean PG 2.9 mmol/l), working memory performance was impaired. Altered performance was associated with significantly increased blood flow in the striatum, a part of the basal ganglia implicated in regulating motor functions, memory, language and emotion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01789593, clinicaltrials.gov FUNDING: This study was funded by Novo Nordisk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gejl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, Building 1242, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brock
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, Building 1242, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- PET-Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eelco van Duinkerken
- VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, Building 1242, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology IC, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gohel B, Lee P, Jeong Y. Modality-specific spectral dynamics in response to visual and tactile sequential shape information processing tasks: An MEG study using multivariate pattern classification analysis. Brain Res 2016; 1644:39-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen CC, Chen CJ, Wu D, Chi NF, Chen PC, Liao YP, Chiu HW, Hu CJ. BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on Functional MRI During n-Back Working Memory Tasks. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1586. [PMID: 26496261 PMCID: PMC4620795 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Val66Met polymorphism on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is associated with hippocampal pathology and impaired episodic memory. However, the influence of this polymorphism on working memory (WM) performance and patterns of brain activation is controversial. This study investigated the effects of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during n-back WM tasks in healthy middle-aged adults.A total of 110 participants without subjective or objective cognitive impairment underwent BDNF genotyping. Eleven Met allele carriers and 9 noncarriers underwent fMRI during WM tasks.The WM performance was similar between the 2 groups. Increased brain activation in response to increases in WM loads was observed in both groups. The Met allele carrier group showed consistently lower brain activation in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the middle occipital gyrus than that of the noncarrier group (P < 0.001). No brain region showed increased activation during WM tasks in the Met allele group.BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may affect the WM network. Met allele carriers have lower brain activation in the right SFG and middle occipital gyrus than do noncarriers during WM tasks. Defective development of the WM network during brain maturation or differentiation is a possible mechanism. Additional studies with a larger sample and longer follow-up period are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Chen
- From the Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei (CCC, HWC); Department of Neurology (CCC, DW, NFC, PCC, CJH); Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (CJC, YPL); Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (YPL); Department of Neurology, Medical School, Taipei Medical University, Taipei (CJH); and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (CJH)
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Abstract
Perimenopause is a midlife transition state experienced by women that occurs in the context of a fully functioning neurological system and results in reproductive senescence. Although primarily viewed as a reproductive transition, the symptoms of perimenopause are largely neurological in nature. Neurological symptoms that emerge during perimenopause are indicative of disruption in multiple estrogen-regulated systems (including thermoregulation, sleep, circadian rhythms and sensory processing) and affect multiple domains of cognitive function. Estrogen is a master regulator that functions through a network of estrogen receptors to ensure that the brain effectively responds at rapid, intermediate and long timescales to regulate energy metabolism in the brain via coordinated signalling and transcriptional pathways. The estrogen receptor network becomes uncoupled from the bioenergetic system during the perimenopausal transition and, as a corollary, a hypometabolic state associated with neurological dysfunction can develop. For some women, this hypometabolic state might increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases later in life. The perimenopausal transition might also represent a window of opportunity to prevent age-related neurological diseases. This Review considers the importance of neurological symptoms in perimenopause in the context of their relationship to the network of estrogen receptors that control metabolism in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta D Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Abstract
The pFC enables the essential human capacities for predicting future events and preadapting to them. These capacities rest on both the structure and dynamics of the human pFC. Structurally, pFC, together with posterior association cortex, is at the highest hierarchical level of cortical organization, harboring neural networks that represent complex goal-directed actions. Dynamically, pFC is at the highest level of the perception-action cycle, the circular processing loop through the cortex that interfaces the organism with the environment in the pursuit of goals. In its predictive and preadaptive roles, pFC supports cognitive functions that are critical for the temporal organization of future behavior, including planning, attentional set, working memory, decision-making, and error monitoring. These functions have a common future perspective and are dynamically intertwined in goal-directed action. They all utilize the same neural infrastructure: a vast array of widely distributed, overlapping, and interactive cortical networks of personal memory and semantic knowledge, named cognits, which are formed by synaptic reinforcement in learning and memory acquisition. From this cortex-wide reservoir of memory and knowledge, pFC generates purposeful, goal-directed actions that are preadapted to predicted future events.
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Bahlmann J, Blumenfeld RS, D'Esposito M. The Rostro-Caudal Axis of Frontal Cortex Is Sensitive to the Domain of Stimulus Information. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:1815-26. [PMID: 24451658 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that lateral frontal cortex implements cognitive control processing along its rostro-caudal axis, yet other evidence supports a dorsal-ventral functional organization for processes engaged by different stimulus domains (e.g., spatial vs. nonspatial). This functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated whether separable dorsolateral and ventrolateral rostro-caudal gradients exist in humans, while participants performed tasks requiring cognitive control at 3 levels of abstraction with language or spatial stimuli. Abstraction was manipulated by using 3 different task sets that varied in relational complexity. Relational complexity refers to the process of manipulating the relationship between task components (e.g., to associate a particular cue with a task) and drawing inferences about that relationship. Tasks using different stimulus domains engaged distinct posterior regions, but within the lateral frontal cortex, we found evidence for a single rostro-caudal gradient that was organized according to the level of abstraction and was independent of processing of the stimulus domain. However, a pattern of dorsal/ventral segregation of processing engaged by domain-specific information was evident in each separable frontal region only within the most rostral region recruited by task demands. These results suggest that increasingly abstract information is represented in the frontal cortex along distinct rostro-caudal gradients that also segregate along a dorsal-ventral axis dependent on task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Bahlmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert S Blumenfeld
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Scholey A, Bauer I, Neale C, Savage K, Camfield D, White D, Maggini S, Pipingas A, Stough C, Hughes M. Acute effects of different multivitamin mineral preparations with and without Guaraná on mood, cognitive performance and functional brain activation. Nutrients 2013; 5:3589-604. [PMID: 24067387 PMCID: PMC3798923 DOI: 10.3390/nu5093589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has identified the positive effects of the acute administration of a multivitamin-guaraná preparation during an effortful executive/working memory task. Here, we aimed to differentiate the effects of multivitamins with and without guaraná and to examine the neural substrates of such effects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Following a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, balanced crossover design, 20 participants (mean age 29 ± 5.54 years) consumed multivitamin preparations with or without guaraná (Berocca® Performance and Boost, respectively) and a placebo. Thirty minutes post-treatment, they underwent neurocognitive assessment, consisting of a 10 min Cognitive Demand Battery, with mood ratings taken immediately before and after the battery. Five additional participants underwent post-treatment fMRI scanning during Rapid Visual Information Processing and Inspection Time activation tasks. The multivitamin with guaraná treatment was associated with significantly enhanced Serial Threes performance and self-rated contentment. fMRI revealed that both multivitamin treatments increased activation in areas associated with working memory and attentional processing, with the effect being greater in the multivitamin with guaraná condition. These data confirm the acute benefits of multivitamins with guaraná on mood and cognitive performance. Furthermore, they demonstrate for the first time increased brain activation from multivitamin preparations both with and without guaraná, as measured using fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.N.); (K.S.); (D.C.); (D.W.); (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-392-148-932; Fax: +61-392-145-230
| | - Isabelle Bauer
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.N.); (K.S.); (D.C.); (D.W.); (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Chris Neale
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.N.); (K.S.); (D.C.); (D.W.); (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Karen Savage
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.N.); (K.S.); (D.C.); (D.W.); (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - David Camfield
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.N.); (K.S.); (D.C.); (D.W.); (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - David White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.N.); (K.S.); (D.C.); (D.W.); (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Silvia Maggini
- Bayer Consumer Care Ltd., Basel 4002, Switzerland; E-Mail:
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.N.); (K.S.); (D.C.); (D.W.); (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.N.); (K.S.); (D.C.); (D.W.); (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; E-Mails: (I.B.); (C.N.); (K.S.); (D.C.); (D.W.); (A.P.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
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Harvey DY, Burgund ED. Neural adaptation across viewpoint and exemplar in fusiform cortex. Brain Cogn 2012; 80:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Bahlmann J, Korb FM, Gratton C, Friederici AD. Levels of integration in cognitive control and sequence processing in the prefrontal cortex. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43774. [PMID: 22952762 PMCID: PMC3430694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control is necessary to flexibly act in changing environments. Sequence processing is needed in language comprehension to build the syntactic structure in sentences. Functional imaging studies suggest that sequence processing engages the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). In contrast, cognitive control processes additionally recruit bilateral rostral lateral PFC regions. The present study aimed to investigate these two types of processes in one experimental paradigm. Sequence processing was manipulated using two different sequencing rules varying in complexity. Cognitive control was varied with different cue-sets that determined the choice of a sequencing rule. Univariate analyses revealed distinct PFC regions for the two types of processing (i.e. sequence processing: left ventrolateral PFC and cognitive control processing: bilateral dorsolateral and rostral PFC). Moreover, in a common brain network (including left lateral PFC and intraparietal sulcus) no interaction between sequence and cognitive control processing was observed. In contrast, a multivariate pattern analysis revealed an interaction of sequence and cognitive control processing, such that voxels in left lateral PFC and parietal cortex showed different tuning functions for tasks involving different sequencing and cognitive control demands. These results suggest that the difference between the process of rule selection (i.e. cognitive control) and the process of rule-based sequencing (i.e. sequence processing) find their neuronal underpinnings in distinct activation patterns in lateral PFC. Moreover, the combination of rule selection and rule sequencing can shape the response of neurons in lateral PFC and parietal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Bahlmann
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
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16
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Long-term memory search across the visual brain. Neural Plast 2012; 2012:392695. [PMID: 22900206 PMCID: PMC3409559 DOI: 10.1155/2012/392695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transmission from the human retina to visual cortex and connectivity of visual brain areas are relatively well understood. How specific visual perceptions transform into corresponding long-term memories remains unknown. Here, I will review recent Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD fMRI) in humans together with molecular biology studies (animal models) aiming to understand how the retinal image gets transformed into so-called visual (retinotropic) maps. The broken object paradigm has been chosen in order to illustrate the complexity of multisensory perception of simple objects subject to visual —rather than semantic— type of memory encoding. The author explores how amygdala projections to the visual cortex affect the memory formation and proposes the choice of experimental techniques needed to explain our massive visual memory capacity. Maintenance of the visual long-term memories is suggested to require recycling of GluR2-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR) and β2-adrenoreceptors at the postsynaptic membrane, which critically depends on the catalytic activity of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and protein kinase PKMζ.
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17
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Wendelken C, Chung D, Bunge SA. Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex: domain-general or domain-sensitive? Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 33:1952-63. [PMID: 21834102 PMCID: PMC3984972 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to jointly consider several structured mental representations, or relations, is fundamental to human cognition. Prior studies have consistently linked this capacity for relational integration to rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC). Here, we sought to test two competing hypotheses: (1) RLPFC processes relations in a domain-general manner, interacting with different brain regions as a function of the type of lower-level relations that must be integrated; or (2) A dorsal-ventral gradient exists within RLPFC, such that relational integration in the visuospatial domain involves relatively more dorsal RLPFC than integration in the semantic domain. To this end, we examined patterns of fMRI activation and functional connectivity during performance of visuospatial and semantic variants of a relational matching task. Across the two task variants, the regions that were most strongly engaged during relational comparison were left RLPFC and left intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Within left RLPFC, there was considerable overlap in activation for the semantic and visuospatial tasks. However, visuospatial task activation peaks were located dorsally to the semantic task peaks. In addition, RLPFC exhibited differential functional connectivity on the two tasks, interacting with different brain regions as a function of the type of relations being compared. While neurons throughout RLPFC may share the function of integrating diverse inputs, individual RLPFC neurons may have privileged access to particular representations depending on their anatomical inputs, organized along a dorsal-ventral gradient. Thus, RLPFC is well-positioned as a locus of abstraction from concrete, domain-specific details to the general principles and rules that enable higher-level cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter Wendelken
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
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18
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Does high memory load kick task-irrelevant information out of visual working memory? Psychon Bull Rev 2012; 19:218-24. [PMID: 22215468 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-011-0201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The limited capacity of visual working memory (VWM) requires the existence of an efficient information selection mechanism. While it has been shown that under low VWM load, an irrelevant simple feature can be processed, its fate under high load (e.g., six objects) remains unclear. We explored this issue by probing the "irrelevant-change distracting effect," in which the change of a stored irrelevant feature affects performance. Simple colored shapes were used as stimuli, with color as the target. Using a whole-probe method (presenting six objects in both the memory and test arrays), in Experiment 1 we found that a change to one of the six shapes led to a significant distracting effect. Using a partial-probe method (presenting the probe either at the screen center or at a location selected from the memory array), in Experiment 2 we showed the distracting effect again. These results suggest that irrelevant simple features can be stored into VWM, regardless of memory load.
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19
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Abstract
For humans, daily life is characterized by routine interaction with many different tools for which corresponding actions are specified and performed according to well-learned procedures. The current study used functional MRI (fMRI) repetition suppression (RS) to identify brain areas underlying the transformation of visually defined tool properties to corresponding motor programs for conventional use. Before grasping and demonstrating how to use a specific tool, participants passively viewed either the same (repeated) tool or a different (non-repeated) tool. Repetition of tools led to reduced fMRI signals (RS) within a selective network of parietal and premotor areas. Comparison with newly learned, arbitrarily defined control actions revealed specificity of RS for tool use, thought to reflect differences in the extent of previous sensorimotor experience. The findings indicate that familiar tools are visually represented within the same sensorimotor areas underlying their dexterous use according to learned properties defined by previous experience. This interpretation resonates with the broader concept of affordance specification considered fundamental to action planning and execution whereby action-relevant object properties (affordances) are visually represented in sensorimotor areas. The current findings extend this view to reveal that affordance specification in humans includes learned object properties defined by previous sensorimotor experience. From an evolutionary perspective, the neural mechanisms identified in the current study offer clear survival advantage, providing fast efficient transformation of visual information to appropriate motor responses based on previous experience.
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20
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Melcher D, Piazza M. The role of attentional priority and saliency in determining capacity limits in enumeration and visual working memory. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29296. [PMID: 22195041 PMCID: PMC3241709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many common tasks require us to individuate in parallel two or more objects out of a complex scene. Although the mechanisms underlying our abilities to count the number of items, remember the visual properties of objects and to make saccadic eye movements towards targets have been studied separately, each of these tasks require selection of individual objects and shows a capacity limit. Here we show that a common factor—salience—determines the capacity limit in the various tasks. We manipulated bottom-up salience (visual contrast) and top-down salience (task relevance) in enumeration and visual memory tasks. As one item became increasingly salient, the subitizing range was reduced and memory performance for all other less-salient items was decreased. Overall, the pattern of results suggests that our abilities to enumerate and remember small groups of stimuli are grounded in an attentional priority or salience map which represents the location of important items.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Melcher
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
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21
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Rapp B, Dufor O. The Neurotopography of Written Word Production: An fMRI Investigation of the Distribution of Sensitivity to Length and Frequency. J Cogn Neurosci 2011; 23:4067-81. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This research is directed at charting the neurotopography of the component processes of the spelling system by using fMRI to identify the neural substrates that are sensitive to the factors of lexical frequency and word length. In spelling, word frequency effects index orthographic long-term memory whereas length effects, as measured by the number of letters, index orthographic working memory (grapheme buffering). Using the task of spelling to dictation in the scanner, we found a highly differentiated neural distribution of sensitivity to the factors of length and lexical frequency, with areas exhibiting sensitivity to length but not frequency and vice versa. In addition, a direct comparison with the results of a previous study [Rapp, B., & Lipka, K. The literate brain: The relationship between spelling and reading. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 1180–1197, 2011] that used a very different spelling task yielded a converging pattern of findings regarding the neural substrates of the central components of spelling. Also, with regard to relationship between reading and spelling, we replicated previous functional neuroimaging studies that have shown overlapping regions of activation in the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus and midfusiform gyrus for word reading and spelling.
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Avsar KB, Stoeckel LE, Bolding MS, White DM, Tagamets MA, Holcomb HH, Lahti AC. Aberrant visual circuitry associated with normal spatial match-to-sample accuracy in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2011; 193:138-43. [PMID: 21782395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A goal of this study was to evaluate the function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in medicated patients with schizophrenia (SZ), a small group of first-degree relatives, and healthy controls using a visual delayed match-to-sample task in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To mitigate performance differences between SZ and healthy controls, we used a novel task that allows for individualized adjustment of task difficulty to match ability level. We also trained participants on the task prior to scanning. Using an event-related design, we modeled three components of the match-to-sample trial: visual encoding, delay, and discrimination. We did not find significant differences in ACC/medial frontal cortex activation between the groups. However, compared to healthy controls, SZ showed decreased activation in visual processing areas during the encoding and discrimination phases of the task and in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during the delay. These findings emphasize the tendency of schizophrenia subjects to solve perceptual memory problems by engaging diverse regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Burton Avsar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA
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Khursheed F, Tandon N, Tertel K, Pieters TA, Disano MA, Ellmore TM. Frequency-specific electrocorticographic correlates of working memory delay period fMRI activity. Neuroimage 2011; 56:1773-82. [PMID: 21356314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocorticography (ECoG) and functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) have been used previously to measure brain activity during working memory delay periods. These studies have separately reported oscillation changes in the theta (4-8 Hz) band and BOLD-fMRI increases during delay periods when information is maintained in memory. However, it is not known how intracranial cortical field potential (CFP) changes relate to BOLD-fMRI responses during delay periods. To answer this question, fMRI was obtained from six epilepsy patients during a visual working memory task. Then, following subdural macroelectrode implant, continuous ECoG was used to record CFPs during the same task. Time-frequency analyses showed delay period gamma band oscillation amplitude increases on electrodes located near fMRI activity, while in the theta band changes were higher for electrodes located away from fMRI activation. The amplitude of the ECoG gamma band response was significantly positively correlated with the fMRI response, while a negative correlation was found for the theta band. The findings are consistent with previous reports of local field potential (LFP) coupling in the gamma band with BOLD-fMRI responses during visual stimulation in monkeys, but are novel in that the relationship reported here persists after the disappearance of visual stimuli while information is being maintained in memory. We conclude that there is a relationship between BOLD-fMRI increases and human working memory delay period gamma oscillation increases and theta decreases. The spectral profile change provides a basis for comparison of working memory delay period BOLD-fMRI with field potential recordings in animals and other human intracranial EEG studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Khursheed
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hippocampal-cortical structural connectivity disruptions in schizophrenia: An integrated perspective from hippocampal shape, cortical thickness, and integrity of white matter bundles. Neuroimage 2010; 52:1181-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Silverstein SM, Berten S, Essex B, All SD, Kasi R, Little DM. Perceptual organization and visual search processes during target detection task performance in schizophrenia, as revealed by fMRI. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:2886-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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