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Le B, Yu B, Amin MS, Liu R, Zhang N, Soladoye OP, Aluko RE, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Salt taste receptors and associated salty/salt taste-enhancing peptides: A comprehensive review of structure and function. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rhyu MR, Song AY, Kim EY, Son HJ, Kim Y, Mummalaneni S, Qian J, Grider JR, Lyall V. Kokumi Taste Active Peptides Modulate Salt and Umami Taste. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041198. [PMID: 32344605 PMCID: PMC7254231 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kokumi taste substances exemplified by γ-glutamyl peptides and Maillard Peptides modulate salt and umami tastes. However, the underlying mechanism for their action has not been delineated. Here, we investigated the effects of a kokumi taste active and inactive peptide fraction (500-10,000 Da) isolated from mature (FIIm) and immature (FIIim) Ganjang, a typical Korean soy sauce, on salt and umami taste responses in humans and rodents. Only FIIm (0.1-1.0%) produced a biphasic effect in rat chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve responses to lingual stimulation with 100 mM NaCl + 5 μM benzamil, a specific epithelial Na+ channel blocker. Both elevated temperature (42 °C) and FIIm produced synergistic effects on the NaCl + benzamil CT response. At 0.5% FIIm produced the maximum increase in rat CT response to NaCl + benzamil, and enhanced salt taste intensity in human subjects. At 2.5% FIIm enhanced rat CT response to glutamate that was equivalent to the enhancement observed with 1 mM IMP. In human subjects, 0.3% FIIm produced enhancement of umami taste. These results suggest that FIIm modulates amiloride-insensitive salt taste and umami taste at different concentration ranges in rats and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Ra Rhyu
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (A.-Y.S.); (E.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.-R.R.); (V.L.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9268 (M.-R.R.); +1-(804)-828-9759 (V.L.); Fax: +82-63-219-9876 (M.-R.R.); +1-(804)-827-0947 (V.L.)
| | - Ah-Young Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (A.-Y.S.); (E.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (A.-Y.S.); (E.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hee-Jin Son
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (A.-Y.S.); (E.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yiseul Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (A.-Y.S.); (E.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Shobha Mummalaneni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.M.); (J.Q.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Jie Qian
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.M.); (J.Q.); (J.R.G.)
| | - John R. Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.M.); (J.Q.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Vijay Lyall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (S.M.); (J.Q.); (J.R.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.-R.R.); (V.L.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9268 (M.-R.R.); +1-(804)-828-9759 (V.L.); Fax: +82-63-219-9876 (M.-R.R.); +1-(804)-827-0947 (V.L.)
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Oshida M, Matsuura Y, Hotta S, Watanabe J, Mogi Y, Watanabe T. Isolation and identification of a humanTRPV1 activating compound from soy sauce. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:987-994. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1279849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was identified as a receptor of capsaicin, which is a pungent ingredient in hot red peppers. Due to its relevance for nociception, a physiological and pharmacological study of TRPV1 has also been developed. Therefore, it is important to enrich scientific knowledge regarding the TRPV1 activating or inhibiting compounds. In this study, we fractionated soy sauce based on the human TRPV1 (hTRPV1) activity using column chromatography and purified 5-(9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)-2-furanmethanol (perlolyrine) as an hTRPV1-activating compound. Additionally, perlolyrine activates the human transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (hTRPA1). The EC50 of hTRPV1 and hTRPA1 were 2.87 and 1.67 μmol L−1, respectively. HPLC quantification of soy sauces showed that they contain 2.22–12.13 μmol L−1 of perlolyrine. The sensory evaluation revealed that perlolyrine has taste modification effect. The results of this study, for the first time, suggest that perlolyrine induces the activation of hTRPV1 and hTRPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Oshida
- Manufacturing Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Japan
| | | | - Shinnosuke Hotta
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Manufacturing Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Mogi
- Manufacturing Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Watanabe
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) Dependent Chorda Tympani Taste Nerve Responses to Nicotine, Ethanol and Acetylcholine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127936. [PMID: 26039516 PMCID: PMC4454666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine elicits bitter taste by activating TRPM5-dependent and TRPM5-independent but neuronal nAChR-dependent pathways. The nAChRs represent common targets at which acetylcholine, nicotine and ethanol functionally interact in the central nervous system. Here, we investigated if the nAChRs also represent a common pathway through which the bitter taste of nicotine, ethanol and acetylcholine is transduced. To this end, chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve responses were monitored in rats, wild-type mice and TRPM5 knockout (KO) mice following lingual stimulation with nicotine free base, ethanol, and acetylcholine, in the absence and presence of nAChR agonists and antagonists. The nAChR modulators: mecamylamine, dihydro-β-erythroidine, and CP-601932 (a partial agonist of the α3β4* nAChR), inhibited CT responses to nicotine, ethanol, and acetylcholine. CT responses to nicotine and ethanol were also inhibited by topical lingual application of 8-chlorophenylthio (CPT)-cAMP and loading taste cells with [Ca2+]i by topical lingual application of ionomycin + CaCl2. In contrast, CT responses to nicotine were enhanced when TRC [Ca2+]i was reduced by topical lingual application of BAPTA-AM. In patch-clamp experiments, only a subset of isolated rat fungiform taste cells exposed to nicotine responded with an increase in mecamylamine-sensitive inward currents. We conclude that nAChRs expressed in a subset of taste cells serve as common receptors for the detection of the TRPM5-independent bitter taste of nicotine, acetylcholine and ethanol.
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Kwak Y, Han J, Rhyu MR, Nam TS, Leem JW, Lee BH. Different spatial expressions of c-Fos in the nucleus of the solitary tract following taste stimulation with sodium, potassium, and ammonium ions in rats. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:340-9. [PMID: 25243715 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cation-specific epithelial receptors on the tongue have been well demonstrated. However, active regions along the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) for cations Na(+), K(+), NH4(+) are still unclear, even though the best responses of NST neurons to taste stimuli vary depending on the cell. In the present study, the spatial distribution patterns of cation-specific active regions in the NST are investigated. The tongues of urethane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 25) were stimulated with artificial saliva (control), 0.5 M NaCl, 1.0 M NaCl, 0.5 M KCl, and 0.3 M NH(4) Cl. Then, the three-dimensional positions of c-Fos-like-immunoreactive (cFLI) cells in the NST were generated. The spatial distributions of cFLI cells in the NST were compared among five taste stimulations. cFLI cells were observed throughout the NST, irrespective of the stimulus; however, the intermediate-medial central regions of the NST had higher numbers of cFLI cells than the other regions in all taste stimulations. Analysis of images revealed that the activated regions in the NST differed significantly depending on the cations. The intermediate-dorsal-central region and the caudal-ventral region were activated by a 0.5 M concentration of sodium, the rostral-ventral region and the intermediate-dorsal/ventral region were activated by a 1.0 M concentration of sodium, the intermediate-dorsal/ventral region was activated by potassium ions, and the rostral-ventral region and the intermediate-ventral central region were activated by ammonium ions. These results suggest that the responses of NST cells to cation salt ions are regulated differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongho Kwak
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Savoia CP, Liu QH, Zheng YM, Yadav V, Zhang Z, Wu LG, Wang YX. Calcineurin upregulates local Ca(2+) signaling through ryanodine receptor-1 in airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L781-90. [PMID: 25239916 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00149.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Local Ca(2+) signals (Ca(2+) sparks) play an important role in multiple cellular functions in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Protein kinase Cϵ is known to downregulate ASMC Ca(2+) sparks and contraction; however, no complementary phosphatase has been shown to produce opposite effects. Here, we for the first time report that treatment with a specific calcineurin (CaN) autoinhibitory peptide (CAIP) to block CaN activity decreases, whereas application of nickel to activate CaN increases, Ca(2+) sparks in both the presence and absence of extracellular Ca(2+). Treatment with xestospogin-C to eliminate functional inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors does not prevent CAIP from inhibiting local Ca(2+) signaling. However, high ryanodine treatment almost completely blocks spark formation and prevents the nickel-mediated increase in sparks. Unlike CAIP, the protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor endothall has no effect. Local Ca(2+) signaling is lower in CaN catalytic subunit Aα gene knockout (CaN-Aα(-/-)) mouse ASMCs. The effects of CAIP and nickel are completely lost in CaN-Aα(-/-) ASMCs. Neither CAIP nor nickel produces an effect on Ca(2+) sparks in type 1 ryanodine receptor heterozygous knockout (RyR1(-/+)) mouse ASMCs. However, their effects are not altered in RyR2(-/+) or RyR3(-/-) mouse ASMCs. CaN inhibition decreases methacholine-induced contraction in isolated RyR1(+/+) but not RyR1(-/+) mouse tracheal rings. Supportively, muscarinic contractile responses are also reduced in CaN-Aα(-/+) mouse tracheal rings. Taken together, these results provide novel evidence that CaN regulates ASMC Ca(2+) sparks specifically through RyR1, which plays an important role in the control of Ca(2+) signaling and contraction in ASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo P Savoia
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Vishal Yadav
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Synaptic Transmission Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ling-Gang Wu
- Synaptic Transmission Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York;
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Mummalaneni S, Qian J, Phan THT, Rhyu MR, Heck GL, DeSimone JA, Lyall V. Effect of ENaC modulators on rat neural responses to NaCl. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98049. [PMID: 24839965 PMCID: PMC4026388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of small molecule ENaC activators N,N,N-trimethyl-2-((4-methyl-2-((4-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)thio)pentanoyl)oxy)ethanaminium iodide (Compound 1) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2-((4-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)thio)pentanamide (Compound 2), were tested on the benzamil (Bz)-sensitive NaCl chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve response under open-circuit conditions and under ±60 mV applied lingual voltage-clamp, and compared with the effects of known physiological activators (8-CPT-cAMP, BAPTA-AM, and alkaline pH), and an inhibitor (ionomycin+Ca2+) of ENaC. The NaCl CT response was enhanced at −60 mV and suppressed at +60 mV. In every case the CT response (r) versus voltage (V) curve was linear. All ENaC activators increased the open-circuit response (ro) and the voltage sensitivity (κ, negative of the slope of the r versus V curve) and ionomycin+Ca2+ decreased ro and κ to zero. Compound 1 and Compound 2 expressed a sigmoidal-saturating function of concentration (0.25–1 mM) with a half-maximal response concentration (k) of 0.49 and 1.05 mM, respectively. Following treatment with 1 mM Compound 1, 8-CPT-cAMP, BAPTA-AM and pH 10.3, the Bz-sensitive NaCl CT response to 100 mM NaCl was enhanced and was equivalent to the Bz-sensitive CT response to 300 mM NaCl. Plots of κ versus ro in the absence and presence of the activators or the inhibitor were linear, suggesting that changes in the affinity of Na+ for ENaC under different conditions are fully compensated by changes in the apical membrane potential difference, and that the observed changes in the Bz-sensitive NaCl CT response arise exclusively from changes in the maximum CT response (rm). The results further suggest that the agonists enhance and ionomycin+Ca2+ decreases ENaC function by increasing or decreasing the rate of release of Na+ from its ENaC binding site to the receptor cell cytosol, respectively. Irrespective of agonist type, the Bz-sensitive NaCl CT response demonstrated a maximum response enhancement limit of about 75% over control value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Mummalaneni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jie Qian
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Tam-Hao T. Phan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mee-Ra Rhyu
- Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Gerard L. Heck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John A. DeSimone
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vijay Lyall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim MJ, Son HJ, Kim Y, Kweon HJ, Suh BC, Lyall V, Rhyu MR. Selective activation of hTRPV1 by N-geranyl cyclopropylcarboxamide, an amiloride-insensitive salt taste enhancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89062. [PMID: 24586504 PMCID: PMC3930709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPV1t, a variant of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) has been proposed as a constitutively active, non-selective cation channel as a putative amiloride-insensitive salt taste receptor and shares many properties with TRPV1. Based on our previous chorda tympani taste nerve recordings in rodents and human sensory evaluations, we proposed that N-geranylcyclopropylcarboxamide (NGCC), a novel synthetic compound, acts as a salt taste enhancer by modulating the amiloride/benzamil-insensitive Na+ entry pathways. As an extension of this work, we investigated NGCC-induced human TRPV1 (hTRPV1) activation using a Ca2+-flux signaling assay in cultured cells. NGCC enhanced Ca2+ influx in hTRPV1-expressing cells in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 115 µM). NGCC-induced Ca2+ influx was significantly attenuated by ruthenium red (RR; 30 µM), a non-specific blocker of TRP channels and capsazepine (CZP; 5 µM), a specific antagonist of TRPV1, implying that NGCC directly activates hTRPV1. TRPA1 is often co-expressed with TRPV1 in sensory neurons. Therefore, we also investigated the effects of NGCC on hTRPA1-expressing cells. Similar to hTRPV1, NGCC enhanced Ca2+ influx in hTRPA1-expressing cells (EC50 = 83.65 µM). The NGCC-induced Ca2+ influx in hTRPA1-expressing cells was blocked by RR (30 µM) and HC-030031 (100 µM), a specific antagonist of TRPA1. These results suggested that NGCC selectively activates TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cultured cells. These data may provide additional support for our previous hypothesis that NGCC interacts with TRPV1 variant cation channel, a putative amiloride/benzamil-insensitive salt taste pathway in the anterior taste receptive field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Son
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiseul Kim
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Kweon
- Department of Brain Science, DaeguGyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain Science, DaeguGyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Lyall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mee-Ra Rhyu
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Ching LC, Zhao JF, Su KH, Shyue SK, Hsu CP, Lu TM, Lin SJ, Lee TS. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation at Thr497 by protein phosphatase 2B-dependent dephosphorylation of protein kinase C. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 209:124-35. [PMID: 24028645 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the effects and underlying molecular mechanism of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a calcium (Ca(2+) )-permeable non-selective cation channel, on phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at threonine 497 (Thr497) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and in mice. METHODS Western blotting and immunoprecipitation were used for the evaluation of protein phosphorylation; protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) activity was assessed by convention kit; Griess assay was for NO production; tube formation and Matrigel plug assay were used for angiogenesis. RESULTS In BAECs, treatment with the TRPV1 ligand evodiamine decreased the phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr497, protein kinase Cα (PKCα) at Serine 657 (Ser657) and PKCβ2 at Ser660. Evodiamine increased protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) activity and promoted the formation of a PP2B-PKC complex. Inhibition of TRPV1 activation by the pharmacological antagonists, removal of extracellular Ca(2+) or pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/Akt/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II/AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway abolished the evodiamine-induced alterations in phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr497, PKCα at Ser657, PKCβ2 at Ser660 and PP2B activity, as well as the formation of a PP2B-PKC complex. Inhibition of PP2B activation partially reduced the evodiamine-induced NO bioavailability and tube formation in endothelial cells (ECs) and angiogenesis in mice. Moreover, evodiamine decreased the phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr497, PKCα at Ser657 and PKCβ2 at Ser660 in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mouse aortas but not TRPV1-deficient or ApoE/TRPV1 double-knockout mice. CONCLUSION TRPV1 activation in ECs may elicit a Ca(2+) -dependent effect on PP2B-PKC signalling, which leads to dephosphorylation of eNOS at Thr497 in ECs and in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.-C. Ching
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - J.-F. Zhao
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - K.-H. Su
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - S.-K. Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - C.-P. Hsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery; Department of Surgery; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - T.-M. Lu
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei; Taiwan
| | | | - T.-S. Lee
- Department of Physiology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei; Taiwan
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Ren Z, Rhyu MR, Phan THT, Mummalaneni S, Murthy KS, Grider JR, DeSimone JA, Lyall V. TRPM5-dependent amiloride- and benzamil-insensitive NaCl chorda tympani taste nerve response. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G106-17. [PMID: 23639808 PMCID: PMC3725688 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00053.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5) cation channel is involved in sensing sweet, bitter, umami, and fat taste stimuli, complex-tasting divalent salts, and temperature-induced changes in sweet taste. To investigate if the amiloride- and benzamil (Bz)-insensitive NaCl chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve response is also regulated in part by TRPM5, CT responses to 100 mM NaCl + 5 μM Bz (NaCl + Bz) were monitored in Sprague-Dawley rats, wild-type (WT) mice, and TRP vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) and TRPM5 knockout (KO) mice in the presence of resiniferatoxin (RTX), a TRPV1 agonist. In rats, NaCl + Bz + RTX CT responses were also monitored in the presence of triphenylphosphine oxide, a specific TRPM5 blocker, and capsazepine and N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamid (SB-366791), specific TRPV1 blockers. In rats and WT mice, RTX produced biphasic effects on the NaCl + Bz CT response, enhancing the response at 0.5-1 μM and inhibiting it at >1 μM. The NaCl + Bz + SB-366791 CT response in rats and WT mice and the NaCl + Bz CT response in TRPV1 KO mice were inhibited to baseline level and were RTX-insensitive. In rats, blocking TRPV1 by capsazepine or TRPM5 by triphenylphosphine oxide inhibited the tonic NaCl + Bz CT response and shifted the relationship between RTX concentration and the magnitude of the tonic CT response to higher RTX concentrations. TRPM5 KO mice elicited no constitutive NaCl + Bz tonic CT response. The relationship between RTX concentration and the magnitude of the tonic NaCl + Bz CT response was significantly attenuated and shifted to higher RTX concentrations. The results suggest that pharmacological or genetic alteration of TRPM5 activity modulates the Bz-insensitive NaCl CT response and its modulation by TRPV1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZuoJun Ren
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Mee-Ra Rhyu
- 2Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tam-Hao T. Phan
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Shobha Mummalaneni
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Karnam S. Murthy
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - John R. Grider
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - John A. DeSimone
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
| | - Vijay Lyall
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and
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11
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Dewis ML, Phan THT, Ren Z, Meng X, Cui M, Mummalaneni S, Rhyu MR, DeSimone JA, Lyall V. N-geranyl cyclopropyl-carboximide modulates salty and umami taste in humans and animal models. J Neurophysiol 2012; 109:1078-90. [PMID: 23221408 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00124.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of N-geranyl cyclopropyl-carboxamide (NGCC) and four structurally related compounds (N-cyclopropyl E2,Z6-nonadienamide, N-geranyl isobutanamide, N-geranyl 2-methylbutanamide, and allyl N-geranyl carbamate) were evaluated on the chorda tympani (CT) nerve response to NaCl and monosodium glutamate (MSG) in rats and wild-type (WT) and TRPV1 knockout (KO) mice and on human salty and umami taste intensity. NGCC enhanced the rat CT response to 100 mM NaCl + 5 μM benzamil (Bz; an epithelial Na(+) channel blocker) between 1 and 2.5 μM and inhibited it above 5 μM. N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamid (SB-366791, a TRPV1t blocker) inhibited the NaCl+Bz CT response in the absence and presence of NGCC. Unlike the WT mice, no NaCl+Bz CT response was observed in TRPV1 KO mice in the absence or presence of NGCC. NGCC enhanced human salt taste intensity of fish soup stock containing 60 mM NaCl at 5 and 10 μM and decreased it at 25 μM. Rat CT responses to NaCl+Bz and human salt sensory perception were not affected by the above four structurally related compounds. Above 10 μM, NGCC increased the CT response to MSG+Bz+SB-366791 and maximally enhanced the response between 40 and 60 μM. Increasing taste cell Ca(2+) inhibited the NGCC-induced increase but not the inosine monophosphate-induced increase in glutamate response. Addition of 45 μM NGCC to chicken broth containing 60 mM sodium enhanced the human umami taste intensity. Thus, depending upon its concentration, NGCC modulates salt taste by interacting with the putative TRPV1t-dependent salt taste receptor and umami taste by interacting with a Ca(2+)-dependent transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Dewis
- Flavor Ingredients R&D, International Flavors & Fragrances, Union Beach, New Jersey, USA
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Desimone JA, Phan THT, Ren Z, Mummalaneni S, Lyall V. Changes in taste receptor cell [Ca2+]i modulate chorda tympani responses to bitter, sweet, and umami taste stimuli. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:3221-32. [PMID: 22993258 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00129.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between taste receptor cell (TRC) intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) and rat chorda tympani (CT) nerve responses to bitter (quinine and denatonium), sweet (sucrose, glycine, and erythritol), and umami [monosodium glutamate (MSG) and MSG + inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP)] taste stimuli was investigated before and after lingual application of ionomycin (Ca(2+) ionophore) + Ca(2+), 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM; Ca(2+) chelator), U73122 (phospholipase C blocker), thapsigargin (Ca(2+)-ATPase blocker), and diC8-PIP(2) (synthetic phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate). The phasic CT response to quinine was indifferent to changes in [Ca(2+)](i). However, a decrease in [Ca(2+)](i) inhibited the tonic part of the CT response to quinine. The CT responses to sweet and umami stimuli were indifferent to changes in TRC [Ca(2+)](i). However, a decrease in [Ca(2+)](i) attenuated the synergistic effects of ethanol on the CT response to sweet stimuli and of IMP on the glutamate CT response. U73122 and thapsigargin inhibited the phasic and tonic CT responses to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli. Although diC8-PIP(2) increased the CT response to bitter and sweet stimuli, it did not alter the CT response to glutamate but did inhibit the synergistic effect of IMP on the glutamate response. The results suggest that bitter, sweet, and umami taste qualities are transduced by [Ca(2+)](i)-dependent and [Ca(2+)](i)-independent mechanisms. Changes in TRC [Ca(2+)](i) in the BAPTA-sensitive cytosolic compartment regulate quality-specific taste receptors and ion channels that are involved in the neural adaptation and mixture interactions. Changes in TRC [Ca(2+)](i) in a separate subcompartment, sensitive to inositol trisphosphate and thapsigargin but inaccessible to BAPTA and ionomycin + Ca(2+), are associated with neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Desimone
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Desimone JA, Ren Z, Phan THT, Heck GL, Mummalaneni S, Lyall V. Changes in taste receptor cell [Ca2+]i modulate chorda tympani responses to salty and sour taste stimuli. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:3206-20. [PMID: 22956787 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00916.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between taste receptor cell (TRC) Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and rat chorda tympani (CT) nerve responses to salty [NaCl and NaCl+benzamil (Bz)] and sour (HCl, CO(2), and acetic acid) taste stimuli was investigated before and after lingual application of ionomycin+Ca(2+), 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM), U73122 (phospholipase C blocker), and thapsigargin (Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor) under open-circuit or lingual voltage-clamp conditions. An increase in TRC [Ca(2+)](i) attenuated the tonic Bz-sensitive NaCl CT response and the apical membrane Na(+) conductance. A decrease in TRC [Ca(2+)](i) enhanced the tonic Bz-sensitive and Bz-insensitive NaCl CT responses and apical membrane Na(+) conductance but did not affect CT responses to KCl or NH(4)Cl. An increase in TRC [Ca(2+)](i) did not alter the phasic response but attenuated the tonic CT response to acidic stimuli. A decrease in [Ca(2+)](i) did not alter the phasic response but attenuated the tonic CT response to acidic stimuli. In a subset of TRCs, a positive relationship between [H(+)](i) and [Ca(2+)](i) was obtained using in vitro imaging techniques. U73122 inhibited the tonic CT responses to NaCl, and thapsigargin inhibited the tonic CT responses to salty and sour stimuli. The results suggest that salty and sour taste qualities are transduced by [Ca(2+)](i)-dependent and [Ca(2+)](i)-independent mechanisms. Changes in TRC [Ca(2+)](i) in a BAPTA-sensitive cytosolic compartment regulate ion channels and cotransporters involved in the salty and sour taste transduction mechanisms and in neural adaptation. Changes in TRC [Ca(2+)](i) in a separate subcompartment, sensitive to inositol trisphosphate and thapsigargin but inaccessible to BAPTA, are associated with neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Desimone
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Coleman J, Williams A, Phan THT, Mummalaneni S, Melone P, Ren Z, Zhou H, Mahavadi S, Murthy KS, Katsumata T, DeSimone JA, Lyall V. Strain differences in the neural, behavioral, and molecular correlates of sweet and salty taste in naive, ethanol- and sucrose-exposed P and NP rats. J Neurophysiol 2011; 106:2606-21. [PMID: 21849614 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00196.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain differences between naive, sucrose- and ethanol-exposed alcohol-preferring (P) and alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats were investigated in their consumption of ethanol, sucrose, and NaCl; chorda tympani (CT) nerve responses to sweet and salty stimuli; and gene expression in the anterior tongue of T1R3 and TRPV1/TRPV1t. Preference for 5% ethanol and 10% sucrose, CT responses to sweet stimuli, and T1R3 expression were greater in naive P rats than NP rats. The enhancement of the CT response to 0.5 M sucrose in the presence of varying ethanol concentrations (0.5-40%) in naive P rats was higher and shifted to lower ethanol concentrations than NP rats. Chronic ingestion of 5% sucrose or 5% ethanol decreased T1R3 mRNA in NP and P rats. Naive P rats also demonstrated bigger CT responses to NaCl+benzamil and greater TRPV1/TRPV1t expression. TRPV1t agonists produced biphasic effects on NaCl+benzamil CT responses, enhancing the response at low concentrations and inhibiting it at high concentrations. The concentration of a TRPV1/TRPV1t agonist (Maillard reacted peptides conjugated with galacturonic acid) that produced a maximum enhancement in the NaCl+benzamil CT response induced a decrease in NaCl intake and preference in P rats. In naive P rats and NP rats exposed to 5% ethanol in a no-choice paradigm, the biphasic TRPV1t agonist vs. NaCl+benzamil CT response profiles were higher and shifted to lower agonist concentrations than in naive NP rats. TRPV1/TRPV1t mRNA expression increased in NP rats but not in P rats exposed to 5% ethanol in a no-choice paradigm. We conclude that P and NP rats differ in T1R3 and TRPV1/TRPV1t expression and neural and behavioral responses to sweet and salty stimuli and to chronic sucrose and ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamison Coleman
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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DeSimone JA, Phan THT, Heck GL, Ren Z, Coleman J, Mummalaneni S, Melone P, Lyall V. Involvement of NADPH-dependent and cAMP-PKA sensitive H+ channels in the chorda tympani nerve responses to strong acids. Chem Senses 2011; 36:389-403. [PMID: 21339339 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjq148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate if chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve responses to strong (HCl) and weak (CO(2) and acetic acid) acidic stimuli are dependent upon NADPH oxidase-linked and cAMP-sensitive proton conductances in taste cell membranes, CT responses were monitored in rats, wild-type (WT) mice, and gp91(phox) knockout (KO) mice in the absence and presence of blockers (Zn(2+) and diethyl pyrocarbonate [DEPC]) or activators (8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP; 8-CPT-cAMP) of proton channels and activators of the NADPH oxidase enzyme (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA], H(2)O(2), and nitrazepam). Zn(2+) and DEPC inhibited and 8-CPT-cAMP, PMA, H(2)O(2), and nitrazepam enhanced the tonic CT responses to HCl without altering responses to CO(2) and acetic acid. In KO mice, the tonic HCl CT response was reduced by 64% relative to WT mice. The residual CT response was insensitive to H(2)O(2) but was blocked by Zn(2+). Its magnitude was further enhanced by 8-CPT-cAMP treatment, and the enhancement was blocked by 8-CPT-adenosine-3'-5'-cyclic monophospho-rothioate, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. Under voltage-clamp conditions, before cAMP treatment, rat tonic HCl CT responses demonstrated voltage-dependence only at ±90 mV, suggesting the presence of H(+) channels with voltage-dependent conductances. After cAMP treatment, the tonic HCl CT response had a quasi-linear dependence on voltage, suggesting that the cAMP-dependent part of the HCl CT response has a quasi-linear voltage dependence between +60 and -60 mV, only becoming sigmoidal when approaching +90 and -90 mV. The results suggest that CT responses to HCl involve 2 proton entry pathways, an NADPH oxidase-dependent proton channel, and a cAMP-PKA sensitive proton channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A DeSimone
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University,1220 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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Sturz GR, Phan THT, Mummalaneni S, Ren Z, DeSimone JA, Lyall V. The K+-H+ exchanger, nigericin, modulates taste cell pH and chorda tympani taste nerve responses to acidic stimuli. Chem Senses 2011; 36:375-88. [PMID: 21257734 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjq146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between acidic pH, taste cell pH(i), and chorda tympani (CT) nerve responses was investigated before and after incorporating the K(+)-H(+) exchanger, nigericin, in the apical membrane of taste cells. CT responses were recorded in anesthetized rats in vivo, and changes in pH(i) were monitored in polarized fungiform taste cells in vitro. Under control conditions, stimulating the tongue with 0.15 M potassium phosphate (KP) or 0.15 M sodium phosphate (NaP) buffers of pHs between 8.0 and 4.6, KP or NaP buffers did not elicit a CT response. Post-nigericin (500 × 10(-6) M), KP buffers, but not NaP buffers, induced CT responses at pHs ≤ 6.6. The effect of nigericin was reversed by the topical lingual application of carbonyl cyanide 3-chloro-phenylhydrazone, a protonophore. Post-nigericin (150 × 10(-6) M), KP buffers induced a greater decrease in taste cell pH(i) relative to NaP buffers and to NaP and KP buffers under control conditions. A decrease in pH(i) to about 6.9 induced by KP buffers was sufficient to elicit a CT response. The results suggest that facilitating apical H(+) entry via nigericin decreases taste cell pH(i) and demonstrates directly a strong correlation between pH(i) and the magnitude of the CT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Sturz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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TRPV1: A Therapy Target That Attracts the Pharmaceutical Interests. TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNELS 2011; 704:637-65. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lyall V, Phan THT, Ren Z, Mummalaneni S, Melone P, Mahavadi S, Murthy KS, DeSimone JA. Regulation of the putative TRPV1t salt taste receptor by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. J Neurophysiol 2009; 103:1337-49. [PMID: 20032236 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00883.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the putative amiloride and benzamil (Bz)-insensitive TRPV1t salt taste receptor by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) was studied by monitoring chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve responses to 0.1 M NaCl solutions containing Bz (5 x 10(-6) M; a specific ENaC blocker) and resiniferatoxin (RTX; 0-10 x 10(-6) M; a specific TRPV1 agonist) in Sprague-Dawley rats and in wildtype (WT) and TRPV1 knockout (KO) mice. In rats and WT mice, RTX elicited a biphasic effect on the NaCl + Bz CT response, increasing the CT response between 0.25 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-6) M. At concentrations >1 x 10(-6) M, RTX inhibited the CT response. An increase in PIP(2) by topical lingual application of U73122 (a phospholipase C blocker) or diC8-PIP(2) (a short chain synthetic PIP(2)) inhibited the control NaCl + Bz CT response and decreased its sensitivity to RTX. A decrease in PIP(2) by topical lingual application of phenylarsine oxide (a phosphoinositide 4 kinase blocker) enhanced the control NaCl + Bz CT response, increased its sensitivity to RTX stimulation, and inhibited the desensitization of the CT response at RTX concentrations >1 x 10(-6) M. The ENaC-dependent NaCl CT responses were not altered by changes in PIP(2). An increase in PIP(2) enhanced CT responses to sweet (0.3 M sucrose) and bitter (0.01 M quinine) stimuli. RTX produced the same increase in the Bz-insensitive Na(+) response when present in salt solutions containing 0.1 M NaCl + Bz, 0.1 M monosodium glutamate + Bz, 0.1 M NaCl + Bz + 0.005 M SC45647, or 0.1 M NaCl + Bz + 0.01 M quinine. No effect of RTX was observed on CT responses in WT mice and rats in the presence of the TRPV1 blocker N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamide (1 x 10(-6) M) or in TRPV1 KO mice. We conclude that PIP(2) is a common intracellular effector for sweet, bitter, umami, and TRPV1t-dependent salt taste, although in the last case, PIP(2) seems to directly regulate the taste receptor protein itself, i.e., the TRPV1 ion channel or its taste receptor variant, TRPV1t.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Lyall
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Molecular Medical Research Bldg. 5052, 1220 East Broad St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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