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Vondrasek JD, Riemann BL, Grosicki GJ, Flatt AA. Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced Breathing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9496. [PMID: 38067869 PMCID: PMC10708620 DOI: 10.3390/s23239496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Slow-paced breathing is a clinical intervention used to increase heart rate variability (HRV). The practice is made more accessible via cost-free smartphone applications like Elite HRV. We investigated whether Elite HRV can accurately measure and augment HRV via its slow-paced breathing feature. Twenty young adults completed one counterbalanced cross-over protocol involving 10 min each of supine spontaneous (SPONT) and paced (PACED; 6 breaths·min-1) breathing while RR intervals were simultaneously recorded via a Polar H10 paired with Elite HRV and reference electrocardiography (ECG). Individual differences in HRV between devices were predominately skewed, reflecting a tendency for Elite HRV to underestimate ECG-derived values. Skewness was typically driven by a limited number of outliers as median bias values were ≤1.3 ms and relative agreement was ≥very large for time-domain parameters. Despite no significant bias and ≥large relative agreement for frequency-domain parameters, limits of agreement (LOAs) were excessively wide and tended to be wider during PACED for all HRV parameters. PACED significantly increased low-frequency power (LF) for Elite HRV and ECG, and between-condition differences showed very large relative agreement. Elite HRV-guided slow-paced breathing effectively increased LF values, but it demonstrated greater precision during SPONT and in computing time-domain HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Vondrasek
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong), 11935 Abercorn St., Savannah, GA 31419, USA; (B.L.R.); (G.J.G.); (A.A.F.)
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Rodriguez J, Escobar JB, Cheung EC, Kowalik G, Russo R, Dyavanapalli J, Alber BR, Harral G, Gill A, Melkie M, Jain V, Schunke KJ, Mendelowitz D, Kay MW. Hypothalamic Oxytocin Neuron Activation Attenuates Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension and Cardiac Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Sleep Apnea. Hypertension 2023; 80:882-894. [PMID: 36794581 PMCID: PMC10027399 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea is a prevalent and poorly treated cardiovascular disease that leads to hypertension and autonomic imbalance. Recent studies that restore cardiac parasympathetic tone using selective activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons have shown beneficial cardiovascular outcomes in animal models of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine if chemogenetic activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons in animals with existing obstructive sleep apnea-induced hypertension would reverse or blunt the progression of autonomic and cardiovascular dysfunction. METHODS Two groups of rats were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a model of obstructive sleep apnea, for 4 weeks to induce hypertension. During an additional 4 weeks of exposure to CIH, 1 group was treated with selective activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons while the other group was untreated. RESULTS Hypertensive animals exposed to CIH and treated with daily hypothalamic oxytocin neuron activation had lower blood pressure, faster heart rate recovery times after exercise, and improved indices of cardiac function compared with untreated hypertensive animals. Microarray analysis suggested that, compared with treated animals, untreated animals had gene expression profiles associated with cellular stress response activation, hypoxia-inducible factor stabilization, and myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In animals already presenting with CIH-induced hypertension, chronic activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons blunted the progression of hypertension and conferred cardioprotection after an additional 4 weeks of CIH exposure. These results have significant clinical translation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Joan B Escobar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Emily C Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Grant Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Rebekah Russo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Bridget R Alber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Grey Harral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Aman Gill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Makeda Melkie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Medicine (V.J.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kathryn J Schunke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (K.J.S.)
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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