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Chen S, Pan B, Lou X, Chen J, Zhang P. Effect of long-term serum sodium levels on the prognosis of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2314629. [PMID: 38369746 PMCID: PMC10878331 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2314629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal serum Na (SNa) levels are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There are relatively few studies on the effect of SNa indicators on the prognosis of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). We aim to investigate the effect of long-term SNa levels on the survival and prognosis of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Newly entered HD patients in the registration system of Zhejiang Provincial Dialysis Quality Control Center between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 were included and followed up until December 31, 2020. Multiple sodium levels were collected from patients, defining long-term SNa as the mean of multiple SNa, according to which patients were grouped, with the prognostic differences between subgroups compared by Kaplan-Meier modeling and multifactorial Cox regression modeling. Finally, a total of 21,701 patients were included in this study and Cox regression showed that decreased SNa levels (Na < 135 mmol/L, HR = 1.704, 95% CI 1.408-2.063, p < 0.001; 135≦Na≦137.5 mmol/L, HR = 1.127,95% CI 1.016-1.250, p = 0.024) and elevated SNa levels (142.5 < Na≦145mmol/L, HR = 1.198, 95% CI 1.063-1.350, p = 0.003; Na > 145mmol/L, HR = 2.150, 95% CI 1.615-2.863, p < 0.001) were all independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in MHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Lou
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Blascke de Mello MM, Neves VGDO, Parente JM, Pernomian L, de Oliveira IS, Pedersoli CA, Awata WMC, Tirapelli CR, Arantes EC, Tostes RDCA, Schulz R, Castro MMD. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinase-2 contributes to vascular dysfunction in early hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 983:176981. [PMID: 39241943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension is associated with an increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in the vasculature, which, in turn, proteolyzes extra- and intracellular proteins that lead to vascular dysfunction. The activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is decreased in the aortas of hypertensive rats. Increased activity of MMP-2 proteolyzed SERCA in rat heart during ischemia and reperfusion injury, thus impairing cardiac function. Therefore, we examined whether increased activity of MMP-2 in early hypertension contributes to proteolyze SERCA in the aortas, thus leading to maladaptive vascular remodeling and dysfunction. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to two kidney-one clip (2K-1C) or Sham surgery and treated with doxycycline. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was assessed by tail-cuff plethysmography. After 7 days, aortas were collected for zymography assays, Western blot to SERCA, ATPase activity assay, vascular reactivity, Ki-67 immunofluorescence and hematoxylin/eosin stain. KEY FINDINGS SBP was increased in 2K-1C rats and doxycycline did not reduce it, but decreased MMP-2 activity and prevented SERCA proteolysis in aortas. Cross sectional area, media to lumen ratio and Ki-67 were all increased in the aortas of hypertensive rats and doxycycline decreased Ki-67. In 2K-1C rats, arterial relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired and doxycycline ameliorated it. SIGNIFICANCE doxycycline reduced MMP-2 activity in aortas of 2K-1C rats and prevented proteolysis of SERCA and its dysfunction, thus ameliorating hypertension-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laena Pernomian
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wanessa Mayumi Carvalho Awata
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Tirapelli
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Schulz
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, 462 Heritage Medical Research Center, T6G 2S2, Edmonton, Canada
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Ferreira-Santos L, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Sitting leg vasculopathy: potential adaptations beyond the endothelium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H760-H771. [PMID: 38241008 PMCID: PMC11221807 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00489.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Increased sitting time, the most common form of sedentary behavior, is an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality; however, the mechanisms linking sitting to cardiovascular risk remain largely elusive. Studies over the last decade have led to the concept that excessive time spent in the sitting position and the ensuing reduction in leg blood flow-induced shear stress cause endothelial dysfunction. This conclusion has been mainly supported by studies using flow-mediated dilation in the lower extremities as the measured outcome. In this review, we summarize evidence from classic studies and more recent ones that collectively support the notion that prolonged sitting-induced leg vascular dysfunction is likely also attributable to changes occurring in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Indeed, we provide evidence that prolonged constriction of resistance arteries can lead to modifications in the structural characteristics of the vascular wall, including polymerization of actin filaments in VSMCs and inward remodeling, and that these changes manifest in a time frame that is consistent with the vascular changes observed with prolonged sitting. We expect this review will stimulate future studies with a focus on VSMC cytoskeletal remodeling as a potential target to prevent the detrimental vascular ramifications of too much sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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4
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Faber JE, Zhang H, Xenakis JG, Bell TA, Hock P, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Ferris MT, Rzechorzek W. Large differences in collateral blood vessel abundance among individuals arise from multiple genetic variants. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1983-2004. [PMID: 37572089 PMCID: PMC10676139 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231194956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Collateral blood flow varies greatly among humans for reasons that remain unclear, resulting in significant differences in ischemic tissue damage. A similarly large variation has also been found in mice that is caused by genetic background-dependent differences in the extent of collateral formation, termed collaterogenesis-a unique angiogenic process that occurs during development and determines collateral number and diameter in the adult. Previous studies have identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to this variation. However, understanding has been hampered by the use of closely related inbred strains that do not model the wide genetic variation present in the "outbred" human population. The Collaborative Cross (CC) multiparent mouse genetic reference panel was developed to address this limitation. Herein we measured the number and average diameter of cerebral collaterals in 60 CC strains, their 8 founder strains, 8 F1 crosses of CC strains selected for abundant versus sparse collaterals, and 2 intercross populations created from the latter. Collateral number evidenced 47-fold variation among the 60 CC strains, with 14% having poor, 25% poor-to-intermediate, 47% intermediate-to-good, and 13% good collateral abundance, that was associated with large differences in post-stroke infarct volume. Collateral number in skeletal muscle and intestine of selected high- and low-collateral strains evidenced the same relative abundance as in brain. Genome-wide mapping demonstrated that collateral abundance is a highly polymorphic trait. Subsequent analysis identified: 6 novel QTL circumscribing 28 high-priority candidate genes harboring putative loss-of-function polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with low collateral number; 335 predicted-deleterious SNPs present in their human orthologs; and 32 genes associated with vascular development but lacking protein coding variants. Six additional suggestive QTL (LOD > 4.5) were also identified in CC-wide QTL mapping. This study provides a comprehensive set of candidate genes for future investigations aimed at identifying signaling proteins within the collaterogenesis pathway whose variants potentially underlie genetic-dependent collateral insufficiency in brain and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James G Xenakis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy A Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wojciech Rzechorzek
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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5
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Dedigama-Arachchige PM, Acharige NPN, Zhang X, Bremer HJ, Yi Z, Pflum MKH. Identification of PP1c-PPP1R12A Substrates Using Kinase-Catalyzed Biotinylation to Identify Phosphatase Substrates. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35628-35637. [PMID: 37810667 PMCID: PMC10552495 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A (PPP1R12A) interacts with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1c) to form the myosin phosphatase complex. In addition to a well-documented role in muscle contraction, the PP1c-PPP1R12A complex is associated with cytoskeleton organization, cell migration and adhesion, and insulin signaling. Despite the variety of biological functions, only a few substrates of the PP1c-PPP1R12A complex are characterized, which limit a full understanding of PP1c-PPP1R12A activities in muscle contraction and cytoskeleton regulation. Here, the chemoproteomics method Kinase-catalyzed Biotinylation to Identify Phosphatase Substrates (K-BIPS) was used to identify substrates of the PP1c-PPP1R12A complex in L6 skeletal muscle cells. K-BIPS enriched 136 candidate substrates with 14 high confidence hits. One high confidence hit, AKT1 kinase, was validated as a novel PP1c-PPP1R12A substrate. Given the previously documented role of AKT1 in PPP1R12A phosphorylation and cytoskeleton organization, the data suggest that PP1c-PPP1R12A regulates its own phosphatase activity through an AKT1-dependent feedback mechanism to influence cytoskeletal arrangement in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuwan P N Acharige
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit 48202-3489, Michigan, United States
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit 48201, Michigan, United States
| | - Hannah J Bremer
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit 48202-3489, Michigan, United States
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit 48201, Michigan, United States
| | - Mary Kay H Pflum
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit 48202-3489, Michigan, United States
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6
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Faber JE, Zhang H, Xenakis JG, Bell TA, Hock P, de Villena FPM, Ferris MT, Rzechorzek W. Large differences in collateral blood vessel abundance among individuals arise from multiple genetic variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.28.542633. [PMID: 37398475 PMCID: PMC10312463 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.28.542633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Collateral blood flow varies greatly among humans for reasons that remain unclear, resulting in significant differences in ischemic tissue damage. A similarly large variation has also been found in mice that is caused by genetic background-dependent differences in the extent of collateral formation, termed collaterogenesis-a unique angiogenic process that occurs during development and determines collateral number and diameter in the adult. Previous studies have identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to this variation. However, understanding has been hampered by the use of closely related inbred strains that do not model the wide genetic variation present in the "outbred" human population. The Collaborative Cross (CC) multiparent mouse genetic reference panel was developed to address this limitation. Herein we measured the number and average diameter of cerebral collaterals in 60 CC strains, their 8 founder strains, 8 F1 crosses of CC strains selected for abundant versus sparse collaterals, and 2 intercross populations created from the latter. Collateral number evidenced 47-fold variation among the 60 CC strains, with 14% having poor, 25% poor-to-intermediate, 47% intermediate-to-good, and 13% good collateral abundance, that was associated with large differences in post-stroke infarct volume. Genome-wide mapping demonstrated that collateral abundance is a highly polymorphic trait. Subsequent analysis identified: 6 novel QTL circumscribing 28 high-priority candidate genes harboring putative loss-of-function polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with low collateral number; 335 predicted-deleterious SNPs present in their human orthologs; and 32 genes associated with vascular development but lacking protein coding variants. This study provides a comprehensive set of candidate genes for future investigations aimed at identifying signaling proteins within the collaterogenesis pathway whose variants potentially underlie genetic-dependent collateral insufficiency in brain and other tissues.
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7
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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8
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Li Z, Wang W, Sang F, Zhang Z, Li X. White matter changes underlie hypertension-related cognitive decline in older adults. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103389. [PMID: 37004321 PMCID: PMC10102561 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension has been well recognized as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Although the underlying mechanisms of hypertension-affected cognitive deterioration are not fully understood, white matter changes (WMCs) seem to play an important role. WMCs include low microstructural integrity and subsequent white matter macrostructural lesions, which are common on brain imaging in hypertensive patients and are critical for multiple cognitive domains. This article provides an overview of the impact of hypertension on white matter microstructural and macrostructural changes and its link to cognitive dysfunction. Hypertension may induce microstructural changes in white matter, especially for the long-range fibers such as anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), and then macrostructural abnormalities affecting different lobes, especially the periventricular area. Different regions' WMCs would further exert different effects to specific cognitive domains and accelerate brain aging. As a modifiable risk factor, hypertension might provide a new perspective for alleviating and delaying cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Feng Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Zeng W, Zhang X, Lu Y, Wen Y, Xie Q, Yang X, He S, Guo Z, Li J, Shen A, Peng J. Neferine ameliorates hypertensive vascular remodeling modulating multiple signaling pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114203. [PMID: 36916429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neferine exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension. However, the effect of neferine on hypertensive vascular remodeling remains unexplored. Therefore, the current study was to investigate the effect of neferine on hypertensive vascular remodeling and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Total 30 male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided randomly into five groups, including SHR, Neferine-L (2.5 mg/kg/day), Neferine-M (5 mg/kg/day), Neferine-H (10 mg/kg/day), and Valsartan (10 mg/kg/day) groups (n = 6 for each group). Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were set as control group (n = 6). Noninvasive blood pressure system, ultrasound, hematoxylin and eosin staining, masson trichrome staining were used to detect the blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), pathological changes and collagen content in abdominal aortas of SHRs. RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry(IHC) analyses were used to identify and verify the differentially expressed transcripts and activation of associated signaling pathways in SHRs. RESULTS Various concentrations of neferine or valsartan treatment substantially reduced the elevation of blood pressure, PWV, and abdominal aortic thickening of SHRs. RNA-sequencing and KEGG analyses recognized 441 differentially expressed transcripts and several enriched pathways (including PI3K/AKT and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways) after neferine treatment. Masson trichromatic staining and IHC analysis demonstrated that neferine treatment decreased the collagen content and down-regulated the protein expression of PCNA, collagen I & III, and fibronectin, as well as p-PI3K, p-AKT, TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 in abdominal aortic tissues of SHRs. CONCLUSION Neferine treatment exhibits therapeutic effects on anti-hypertension and reduces vascular remodeling, as well as suppresses the abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shuyu He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Qi Z, Lu J, Liu P, Li T, Li A, Duan M. Nomogram Prediction Model of Hypernatremia on Mortality in Critically Ill Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:143-153. [PMID: 36636369 PMCID: PMC9831528 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s387995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the value of hypernatremia in the intensive care unit (ICU) for the risk prediction of mortality in severe patients. Methods Clinical data of critically ill patients admitted to the ICU of Beijing Friendship Hospital, were collected for retrospective analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze the influencing factors. Nomograms predicting the mortality were constructed with R software and validated with repeated sampling. Results A total of 442 cases were eligible for this study. Hypernatremia within 48 hours of ICU admission, change in sodium concentration (CNa+) within 48 hours, septic shock, APACHE II score, hyperlactatemia within 48 hours, use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) within 48 hours, and the use of mechanical ventilation (MV) within 48 hours of ICU admission were all identified as independent risk factors for death within 28 days of ICU admission. These predictors were included in a nomogram of 28-day mortality in severe patients, which was constructed using R software. Conclusion The nomogram could predict the individualized risk of 28-day mortality based on the above factors. The model has better discrimination and accuracy and has high clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Qi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ang Li, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ditan Hospital, 8 Jing Shun East Street, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Meili Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Meili Duan, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10005, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Jurrissen TJ, Ramirez-Perez FI, Cabral-Amador FJ, Soares RN, Pettit-Mee RJ, Betancourt-Cortes EE, McMillan NJ, Sharma N, Rocha HNM, Fujie S, Morales-Quinones M, Lazo-Fernandez Y, Butler AA, Banerjee S, Sacks HS, Ibdah JA, Parks EJ, Rector RS, Manrique-Acevedo C, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Role of adropin in arterial stiffening associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H879-H891. [PMID: 36083795 PMCID: PMC9602697 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00385.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a peptide largely secreted by the liver and known to regulate energy homeostasis; however, it also exerts cardiovascular effects. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that low circulating levels of adropin in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) contribute to arterial stiffening. In support of this hypothesis, we report that obesity and T2D are associated with reduced levels of adropin (in liver and plasma) and increased arterial stiffness in mice and humans. Establishing causation, we show that mesenteric arteries from adropin knockout mice are also stiffer, relative to arteries from wild-type counterparts, thus recapitulating the stiffening phenotype observed in T2D db/db mice. Given the above, we performed a set of follow-up experiments, in which we found that 1) exposure of endothelial cells or isolated mesenteric arteries from db/db mice to adropin reduces filamentous actin (F-actin) stress fibers and stiffness, 2) adropin-induced reduction of F-actin and stiffness in endothelial cells and db/db mesenteric arteries is abrogated by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and 3) stimulation of smooth muscle cells or db/db mesenteric arteries with a NO mimetic reduces stiffness. Lastly, we demonstrated that in vivo treatment of db/db mice with adropin for 4 wk reduces stiffness in mesenteric arteries. Collectively, these findings indicate that adropin can regulate arterial stiffness, likely via endothelium-derived NO, and thus support the notion that "hypoadropinemia" should be considered as a putative target for the prevention and treatment of arterial stiffening in obesity and T2D.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Arterial stiffening, a characteristic feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Herein we establish that adropin is decreased in obese and T2D models and furthermore provide evidence that reduced adropin may directly contribute to arterial stiffening. Collectively, findings from this work support the notion that "hypoadropinemia" should be considered as a putative target for the prevention and treatment of arterial stiffening in obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Jurrissen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | | | - Rogerio N Soares
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ryan J Pettit-Mee
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Neil J McMillan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Neekun Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Helena N M Rocha
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mariana Morales-Quinones
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yoskaly Lazo-Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Andrew A Butler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiological Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Subhashis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiological Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Harold S Sacks
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jamal A Ibdah
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
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12
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de Almeida Faria ACR, Dall'Agnol JF, Gouveia AM, de Paiva CI, Segalla VC, Baena CP. Risk factors for cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Brazil: a prospective observational study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:105. [PMID: 35897033 PMCID: PMC9327152 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients are twice as likely to develop dementia. The study's goal was to evaluate cognitive performance and risk factors for cognitive decline in this population. METHODS Prospective observational study was conducted with 400 T2DM adults, of whom, during routine baseline and follow-up appointments, had socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data collected, and underwent physical examination, screening for depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionaire-9-PHQ-9), and cognitive tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, Trail Making Test A/B, and Word Memory Tests. Each cognitive test score was converted to a z-score and its average resulted in a new variable called Global Cognitive z-Score [GCS(z)]. Averages of the cognitive test scores and GCS(z) at both moments were compared by the Student's T-Test for paired samples. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were built to assess the association of GCS(z) < zero with risk factors for cognitive decline at the baseline and follow-up. RESULTS After exclusions, 251 patients were eligible, being 56.6% female, mean age of 61.1 (± 9.8) years, 12.6 (± 8.9) years of DM duration, and 7.6 (± 4.2) years of school education. Follow-up had 134 patients reevaluated and took place after a mean of 18.4(± 5.0) months. Eleven (14%) patients with a GCS(z) ≥ 0 at baseline turned into a GCS(z) < 0 at follow-up. There were no significant differences between the means of cognitive test scores and GCS(z) at the two evaluation moments. At the baseline, the multivariate logistic regression model identified five risk factors associated with GCS(z) < zero: age ≥ 65 years, schooling ≤ 6 years, arterial hypertension, depression symptoms, and diabetic retinopathy (DR), with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI95%) respectively: 5.46 (2.42-12.34); 12.19 (5.62-26.46); 2.55 (0.88-7.39); 3.53 (1.55-8.07) e 2.50 (1.18-5.34). At follow-up, the risk factors for GCS(z) < zero were: schooling ≤ 6 years, DM duration ≥ 10 years, depression symptoms, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), OR and CI95% respectively: 10.15 (3.68-28.01); 2.68 (0.96-7.48); 4.92 (1.77-13.70); 7.21 (1.38-35.71) e 5.76 (1.93-17.18). CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, cognitive evaluation and follow-up should be incorporated on the routine of T2DM patients, especially for those with advanced age, low education level, prolonged DM duration, arterial hypertension, depression symptoms, CVD, and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Ravazzani de Almeida Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, 80215-901, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joceline Franco Dall'Agnol
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Aline Maciel Gouveia
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Clara Inácio de Paiva
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Pellegrino Baena
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, 80215-901, Brazil.
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13
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Ojha KR, Shin SY, Padgham S, Leon Olmedo F, Guo B, Han G, Woodman C, Trache A. Age-Associated Dysregulation of Integrin Function in Vascular Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913673. [PMID: 35874532 PMCID: PMC9301045 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial aging results in a progressive reduction in elasticity of the vessel wall and an impaired ability of aged blood vessels to control local blood flow and pressure. Recently, a new concept has emerged that the stiffness and decreased contractility of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells are important contributors to age-induced arterial dysfunction. This study investigated the hypothesis that aging alters integrin function in a matrix stiffness-dependent manner, which contributes to decreased VSM contractility in aged soleus muscle feed arteries (SFA). The effect of RGD-binding integrins on contractile function of cannulated SFA isolated from young (4 months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rats was assessed by measuring constrictor responses to norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and angiotensin II. Results indicated that constrictor responses in presence of RGD were impaired in old compared to young SFA. VSM cells isolated from young and old SFA were used for functional experiments using atomic force microscopy and high-resolution imaging. Aging was associated with a modulation of integrin β1 recruitment at cell-matrix adhesions that was matrix and substrate stiffness dependent. Our data showed that substrate stiffening drives altered integrin β1 expression in aging, while soft substrates abolish age-induced differences in overall integrin β1 expression. In addition, substrate stiffness and matrix composition contribute to the modulation of SMα-actin cytoskeleton architecture with soft substrates reducing age effects. Our results provide new insights into age-induced structural changes at VSM cell level that translates to decreased functionality of aged resistance soleus feed arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Raj Ojha
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Song Yi Shin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Samuel Padgham
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Frida Leon Olmedo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Bohong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christopher Woodman
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andreea Trache
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Andreea Trache,
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14
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Horn AG, Kunkel ON, Schulze KM, Baumfalk DR, Weber RE, Poole DC, Behnke BJ. Supplemental oxygen administration during mechanical ventilation reduces diaphragm blood flow and oxygen delivery. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1190-1200. [PMID: 35323060 PMCID: PMC9054262 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00021.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During mechanical ventilation (MV), supplemental oxygen (O2) is commonly administered to critically ill patients to combat hypoxemia. Previous studies demonstrate that hyperoxia exacerbates MV-induced diaphragm oxidative stress and contractile dysfunction. Whereas normoxic MV (i.e., 21% O2) diminishes diaphragm perfusion and O2 delivery in the quiescent diaphragm, the effect of MV with 100% O2 is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that MV supplemented with hyperoxic gas (100% O2) would increase diaphragm vascular resistance and reduce diaphragmatic blood flow and O2 delivery to a greater extent than MV alone. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4-6 mo) were randomly divided into two groups: 1) MV + 100% O2 followed by MV + 21% O2 (n = 9) or 2) MV + 21% O2 followed by MV + 100% O2 (n = 10). Diaphragmatic blood flow (mL/min/100 g) and vascular resistance were determined, via fluorescent microspheres, during spontaneous breathing (SB), MV + 100% O2, and MV + 21% O2. Compared with SB, total diaphragm vascular resistance was increased, and blood flow was decreased with both MV + 100% O2 and MV + 21% O2 (all P < 0.05). Medial costal diaphragmatic blood flow was lower with MV + 100% O2 (26 ± 6 mL/min/100 g) versus MV + 21% O2 (51 ± 15 mL/min/100 g; P < 0.05). Second, the addition of 100% O2 during normoxic MV exacerbated the MV-induced reductions in medial costal diaphragm perfusion (23 ± 7 vs. 51 ± 15 mL/min/100 g; P < 0.05) and O2 delivery (3.4 ± 0.2 vs. 6.4 ± 0.3 mL O2/min/100 g; P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that administration of supplemental 100% O2 during MV increases diaphragm vascular resistance and diminishes perfusion and O2 delivery to a significantly greater degree than normoxic MV. This suggests that prolonged bouts of MV (i.e., 6 h) with hyperoxia may accelerate MV-induced vascular dysfunction in the quiescent diaphragm and potentially exacerbate downstream contractile dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study, to our knowledge, demonstrating that supplemental oxygen (i.e., 100% O2) during mechanical ventilation (MV) augments the MV-induced reductions in diaphragmatic blood flow and O2 delivery. The accelerated reduction in diaphragmatic blood flow with hyperoxic MV would be expected to potentiate MV-induced diaphragm vascular dysfunction and consequently, downstream contractile dysfunction. The data presented herein provide a putative mechanism for the exacerbated oxidative stress and diaphragm dysfunction reported with prolonged hyperoxic MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Horn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Olivia N Kunkel
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Kiana M Schulze
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Dryden R Baumfalk
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Ramona E Weber
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
- Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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15
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Roy TK, Secomb TW. Functional implications of microvascular heterogeneity for oxygen uptake and utilization. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15303. [PMID: 35581743 PMCID: PMC9114652 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the vascular system, an extensive network structure provides convective and diffusive transport of oxygen to tissue. In the microcirculation, parameters describing network structure, blood flow, and oxygen transport are highly heterogeneous. This heterogeneity can strongly affect oxygen supply and organ function, including reduced oxygen uptake in the lung and decreased oxygen delivery to tissue. The causes of heterogeneity can be classified as extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic heterogeneity refers to variations in oxygen demand in the systemic circulation or oxygen supply in the lungs. Intrinsic heterogeneity refers to structural heterogeneity due to stochastic growth of blood vessels and variability in flow pathways due to geometric constraints, and resulting variations in blood flow and hematocrit. Mechanisms have evolved to compensate for heterogeneity and thereby improve oxygen uptake in the lung and delivery to tissue. These mechanisms, which involve long-term structural adaptation and short-term flow regulation, depend on upstream responses conducted along vessel walls, and work to redistribute flow and maintain blood and tissue oxygenation. Mathematically, the variance of a functional quantity such as oxygen delivery that depends on two or more heterogeneous variables can be reduced if one of the underlying variables is controlled by an appropriate compensatory mechanism. Ineffective regulatory mechanisms can result in poor oxygen delivery even in the presence of adequate overall tissue perfusion. Restoration of endothelial function, and specifically conducted responses, should be considered when addressing tissue hypoxemia and organ failure in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin K. Roy
- Department of AnesthesiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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16
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Cardiovascular protection effect of a Northeastern Brazilian lyophilized red wine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Grenier C, Caillon A, Munier M, Grimaud L, Champin T, Toutain B, Fassot C, Blanc-Brude O, Loufrani L. Dual Role of Thrombospondin-1 in Flow-Induced Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12086. [PMID: 34769516 PMCID: PMC8584526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chronic increases in blood flow, as in cardiovascular diseases, induce outward arterial remodeling. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is known to interact with matrix proteins and immune cell-surface receptors, but its contribution to flow-mediated remodeling in the microcirculation remains unknown. (2) Methods: Mesenteric arteries were ligated in vivo to generate high- (HF) and normal-flow (NF) arteries in wild-type (WT) and TSP-1-deleted mice (TSP-1-/-). After 7 days, arteries were isolated and studied ex vivo. (3) Results: Chronic increases in blood flow induced outward remodeling in WT mice (increasing diameter from 221 ± 10 to 280 ± 10 µm with 75 mmHg intraluminal pressure) without significant effect in TSP-1-/- (296 ± 18 to 303 ± 14 µm), neutropenic or adoptive bone marrow transfer mice. Four days after ligature, pro inflammatory gene expression levels (CD68, Cox2, Gp91phox, p47phox and p22phox) increased in WT HF arteries but not in TSP-1-/- mice. Perivascular neutrophil accumulation at day 4 was significantly lower in TSP-1-/- than in WT mice. (4) Conclusions: TSP-1 origin is important; indeed, circulating TSP-1 participates in vasodilation, whereas both circulating and tissue TSP-1 are involved in arterial wall thickness and diameter expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Grenier
- UMR CNRS 6015, 49100 Angers, France; (C.G.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (L.G.); (T.C.); (B.T.); (C.F.)
- INSERM U1083, 49100 Angers, France
- MITOVASC Institute, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Antoine Caillon
- UMR CNRS 6015, 49100 Angers, France; (C.G.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (L.G.); (T.C.); (B.T.); (C.F.)
- INSERM U1083, 49100 Angers, France
- MITOVASC Institute, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Munier
- UMR CNRS 6015, 49100 Angers, France; (C.G.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (L.G.); (T.C.); (B.T.); (C.F.)
- INSERM U1083, 49100 Angers, France
- MITOVASC Institute, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Linda Grimaud
- UMR CNRS 6015, 49100 Angers, France; (C.G.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (L.G.); (T.C.); (B.T.); (C.F.)
- INSERM U1083, 49100 Angers, France
- MITOVASC Institute, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Tristan Champin
- UMR CNRS 6015, 49100 Angers, France; (C.G.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (L.G.); (T.C.); (B.T.); (C.F.)
- INSERM U1083, 49100 Angers, France
- MITOVASC Institute, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Bertrand Toutain
- UMR CNRS 6015, 49100 Angers, France; (C.G.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (L.G.); (T.C.); (B.T.); (C.F.)
- INSERM U1083, 49100 Angers, France
- MITOVASC Institute, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Céline Fassot
- UMR CNRS 6015, 49100 Angers, France; (C.G.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (L.G.); (T.C.); (B.T.); (C.F.)
- INSERM U1083, 49100 Angers, France
- MITOVASC Institute, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | | | - Laurent Loufrani
- UMR CNRS 6015, 49100 Angers, France; (C.G.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (L.G.); (T.C.); (B.T.); (C.F.)
- INSERM U1083, 49100 Angers, France
- MITOVASC Institute, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France
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18
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Kulkarni R, Andraska E, McEnaney R. Structural Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix in Arteriogenesis: A Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:761007. [PMID: 34805316 PMCID: PMC8602576 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.761007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease (AOD) results in significant morbidity and mortality for the population, with up to 10% of patients ultimately requiring amputation. An alternative method for non-surgical revascularization which is yet to be fully understood is the optimization of the body's own natural collateral arterial network in a process known as arteriogenesis. Under conditions of conductance vessel stenosis or occlusion resulting in increased flow, shear forces, and pressure gradients within collaterals, positive remodeling occurs to increase the diameter and capacity of these vessels. The creation of a distal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) will drive increased arteriogenesis as compared to collateral formation with the occlusion of a conductance vessel alone by further increasing flow through these arterioles, demonstrating the capacity for arteriogenesis to form larger, more efficient collaterals beyond what is spontaneously achieved after arterial occlusion. Arteries rely on an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of elastic fibers and collagens that provide stability under hemodynamic stress, and ECM remodeling is necessary to allow for increased diameter and flow conductance in mature arterial structures. When positive remodeling occurs, digestion of lamella and the internal elastic lamina (IEL) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other elastases results in the rearrangement and thinning of elastic structures and may be replaced with disordered elastin synthesis without recovery of elastic function. This results in transmission of wall strain to collagen and potential for aneurysmal degeneration along collateral networks, as is seen in the pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA) after celiac occlusion and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) with concurrent celiac and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusions. Further understanding into the development of collaterals is required to both better understand aneurysmal degeneration and optimize collateral formation in AOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Kulkarni
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Andraska
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan McEnaney
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Hospitals Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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19
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Horn AG, Kunkel ON, Baumfalk DR, Simon ME, Schulze KM, Hsu WW, Muller-Delp J, Poole DC, Behnke BJ. Prolonged mechanical ventilation increases diaphragm arteriole circumferential stretch without changes in stress/stretch: Implications for the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12727. [PMID: 34467606 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV; ≥6 h) results in large, time-dependent reductions in diaphragmatic blood flow and shear stress. We tested the hypothesis that MV would impair the structural and material properties (ie, increased stress/stretch relation and/or circumferential stretch) of first-order arterioles (1A) from the medial costal diaphragm. METHODS Shear stress was estimated from isolated arterioles and prior blood flow data from the diaphragm during spontaneous breathing (SB) and prolonged MV (6 h MV). Thereafter, female Sprague-Dawley rats (~5 months) were randomly divided into two groups, SB (n = 6) and 6 h MV (n = 6). Following SB and 6 h MV, 1A medial costal diaphragm arterioles were isolated, cannulated, and subjected to stepwise (0-140 cmH2 O) increases in intraluminal pressure in calcium-free Ringer's solution. Inner diameter and wall thickness were measured at each pressure step and used to calculate wall:lumen ratio, Cauchy-stress, and circumferential stretch. RESULTS Compared to SB, there was a ~90% reduction in arteriolar shear stress with prolonged MV (9 ± 2 vs 78 ± 20 dynes/cm2 ; p ≤ .05). In the unloaded condition (0 cmH2 O), the arteriolar intraluminal diameter was reduced (37 ± 8 vs 79 ± 13 μm) and wall:lumen ratio was increased (120 ± 18 vs 46 ± 10%) compared to SB (p ≤ .05). There were no differences in the passive diameter responses or the circumferential stress/stretch relationship between groups (p > .05), but at each pressure step, circumferential stretch was increased with 6 h MV vs SB (p ≤ .05). CONCLUSION During prolonged MV, medial costal diaphragm arteriolar shear stress is severely diminished. Despite no change in the material behavior (stress/stretch), prolonged MV resulted in altered structural and mechanical properties (ie, elevated circumferential stretch) of medial costal diaphragm arterioles. This provides important novel mechanistic insights into the impaired diaphragm blood flow capacity and vascular dysfunction following prolonged MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Horn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Olivia N Kunkel
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dryden R Baumfalk
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mikaela E Simon
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kiana M Schulze
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Wei-Wen Hsu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformations, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Judy Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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20
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Qin J, He Z, Wu L, Wang W, Lin Q, Lin Y, Zheng L. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1251-1260. [PMID: 34285378 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in patients with hypertension. Prevalence estimates of MCI in hypertensive patients are needed to guide both public health and clinical decision making. A literature search was conducted in four databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, from their inception to February 2021. The methodological quality assessment used the risk of bias tool. The pooled prevalence of MCI in hypertensive patients was determined by a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was explored using sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and random effects meta-regression. Of 2314 references, 11 studies (47,179 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of MCI in patients with hypertension was 30% (95% CI, 25-35), with significant heterogeneity present (I2 = 99.3%, p < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, Asian and European samples had a prevalence of 26% (95% CI, 20-31) and 40% (95% CI, 14-66), respectively; cross-sectional and cohort studies had a prevalence of 28% (95% CI, 24-32) and 38% (95% CI, -5-81); age older than 60 years had a prevalence of 28% (95% CI, 23-33); community-based and clinic-based samples had a prevalence of 17% (95% CI, 15-19) and 42% (95% CI, 23-62); and MCI diagnosis using the MoCA, NIA-AA, MMSE, and Peterson criteria had a prevalence of 64% (95% CI, 59-68), 18% (95% CI, 16-19), 19% (95% CI, 15-23), and 13% (95% CI, 9-17). Meta-regression analysis showed that different MCI diagnostic criteria could be the source of heterogeneity in the pooled results. MCI is common in patients with hypertension, with an overall prevalence of 30%. Earlier cognitive screening and management in hypertensive patients should be advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Zexiang He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lijian Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuxiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiheng Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liling Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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21
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Pien N, Palladino S, Copes F, Candiani G, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S, Mantovani D. Tubular bioartificial organs: From physiological requirements to fabrication processes and resulting properties. A critical review. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:420-446. [PMID: 34433163 DOI: 10.1159/000519207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Pien
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Palladino
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- GenT Lab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- GenT Lab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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22
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Abstract
Cells of the vascular wall are exquisitely sensitive to changes in their mechanical environment. In healthy vessels, mechanical forces regulate signaling and gene expression to direct the remodeling needed for the vessel wall to maintain optimal function. Major diseases of arteries involve maladaptive remodeling with compromised or lost homeostatic mechanisms. Whereas homeostasis invokes negative feedback loops at multiple scales to mediate mechanobiological stability, disease progression often occurs via positive feedback that generates mechanobiological instabilities. In this review, we focus on the cell biology, wall mechanics, and regulatory pathways associated with arterial health and how changes in these processes lead to disease. We discuss how positive feedback loops arise via biomechanical and biochemical means. We conclude that inflammation plays a central role in overriding homeostatic pathways and suggest future directions for addressing therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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23
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Simulation of angiogenesis in three dimensions: Application to cerebral cortex. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009164. [PMID: 34170925 PMCID: PMC8266096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasculature is a dynamic structure, growing and regressing in response to embryonic development, growth, changing physiological demands, wound healing, tumor growth and other stimuli. At the microvascular level, network geometry is not predetermined, but emerges as a result of biological responses of each vessel to the stimuli that it receives. These responses may be summarized as angiogenesis, remodeling and pruning. Previous theoretical simulations have shown how two-dimensional vascular patterns generated by these processes in the mesentery are consistent with experimental observations. During early development of the brain, a mesh-like network of vessels is formed on the surface of the cerebral cortex. This network then forms branches into the cortex, forming a three-dimensional network throughout its thickness. Here, a theoretical model is presented for this process, based on known or hypothesized vascular response mechanisms together with experimentally obtained information on the structure and hemodynamics of the mouse cerebral cortex. According to this model, essential components of the system include sensing of oxygen levels in the midrange of partial pressures and conducted responses in vessel walls that propagate information about metabolic needs of the tissue to upstream segments of the network. The model provides insights into the effects of deficits in vascular response mechanisms, and can be used to generate physiologically realistic microvascular network structures.
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24
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Gao M, Ma Y, Luo J, Li D, Jiang M, Jiang Q, Pi J, Chen R, Chen W, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Cui L. The Role of Nrf2 in the PM-Induced Vascular Injury Under Real Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure in C57/B6 Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618023. [PMID: 33716746 PMCID: PMC7952307 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-and long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is well recognized that oxidative stress is a potential major mechanism in PM-induced vascular injuries, in which the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway plays a critical role. In the current study, a Nrf2 knockout mouse model was used in combination with an individual ventilated cage (IVC)-based real-ambient PM exposure system to assess the potential vascular injury and the potential role of Nrf2 in the angiotensin II (Ang II)-associated vascular injury. After 6-or 11-week exposure to PM, the histopathology assay revealed that PM exposure resulted in the thickening of the walls of vascular. After 6 weeks exposure to PM, the ELISA assay revealed that PM exposure resulted in the elevated plasma concentration of Ang II. The expression levels of genes of interest were then further investigated with quantitative real-time PCR. Notably, the results showed that Angiotensinogen (AGT), Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and Angiotensin type I receptor (AT1R) were involved in PM-induced pathological changes. Western blotting for ACE showed similar results. Moreover, the extent of vascular thickening and the Ang II elevation was most prominent in the Nrf2 gene knockout PM exposure group (KOE). Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 downstream relevant genes (HO1, Nqo1, Gclc, Gsta4) were significantly enhanced in the wildtype PM exposure group (WTE), while those were remarkably suppressed in the Nrf2 gene knockout groups. The ELISA result of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) serum levels in the KOE group was significantly higher in relation to that in the Nrf2 knockout control group (KOC). In summary, PM exposure is associated with thickening of vascular wall, while Nrf2 knockout may further enhance this effect. A potential mechanistic contributor of such effects is the activation of ACE/ANGII/AT1R axis, in which Nrf2 played a regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghui Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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25
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Bersie-Larson LM, Gyoneva L, Goodman DJ, Dorfman KD, Segal Y, Barocas VH. Glomerular filtration and podocyte tensional homeostasis: importance of the minor type IV collagen network. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:2433-2442. [PMID: 32462439 PMCID: PMC7606712 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The minor type IV collagen chain, which is a significant component of the glomerular basement membrane in healthy individuals, is known to assemble into large structures (supercoils) that may contribute to the mechanical stability of the collagen network and the glomerular basement membrane as a whole. The absence of the minor chain, as in Alport syndrome, leads to glomerular capillary demise and eventually to kidney failure. An important consideration in this problem is that the glomerular capillary wall must be strong enough to withstand the filtration pressure and porous enough to permit filtration at reasonable pressures. In this work, we propose a coupled feedback loop driven by filtration demand and tensional homeostasis of the podocytes forming the outer portion of the glomerular capillary wall. Briefly, the deposition of new collagen increases the stiffness of basement membrane, helping to stress shield the podocytes, but the new collagen also decreases the permeability of the basement membrane, requiring an increase in capillary transmural pressure drop to maintain filtration; the resulting increased pressure outweighs the increased glomerular basement membrane stiffness and puts a net greater stress demand on the podocytes. This idea is explored by developing a multiscale simulation of the capillary wall, in which a macroscopic (µm scale) continuum model is connected to a set of microscopic (nm scale) fiber network models representing the collagen network and the podocyte cytoskeleton. The model considers two cases: healthy remodeling, in which the presence of the minor chain allows the collagen volume fraction to be increased by thickening fibers, and Alport syndrome remodeling, in which the absence of the minor chain allows collagen volume fraction to be increased only by adding new fibers to the network. The permeability of the network is calculated based on previous models of flow through a fiber network, and it is updated for different fiber radii and volume fractions. The analysis shows that the minor chain allows a homeostatic balance to be achieved in terms of both filtration and cell tension. Absent the minor chain, there is a fundamental change in the relation between the two effects, and the system becomes unstable. This result suggests that mechanobiological or mechanoregulatory therapies may be possible for Alport syndrome and other minor chain collagen diseases of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Bersie-Larson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 7-105 Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lazarina Gyoneva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 7-105 Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J Goodman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 7-105 Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kevin D Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yoav Segal
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Victor H Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 7-105 Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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26
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Humphrey JD. Mechanisms of Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2020; 34:432-441. [PMID: 33245319 PMCID: PMC8140657 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is both a cause and a consequence of central artery stiffening, which in turn is an initiator and indicator of myriad disease conditions and thus all-cause mortality. Such stiffening results from a remodeling of the arterial wall that is driven by mechanical stimuli and mediated by inflammatory signals, which together lead to differential gene expression and concomitant changes in extracellular matrix composition and organization. This review focuses on biomechanical mechanisms by which central arteries remodel in hypertension within the context of homeostasis-what promotes it, what prevents it. It is suggested that the vasoactive capacity of the wall and inflammatory burden strongly influence the ability of homeostatic mechanisms to adapt the arterial wall to high blood pressure or not. Maladaptation, often reflected by inflammation-driven adventitial fibrosis, not just excessive intimal-medial thickening, significantly diminishes central artery function and disturbs hemodynamics, ultimately compromising end organ perfusion and thus driving the associated morbidity and mortality. It is thus suggested that there is a need for increased attention to controlling both smooth muscle phenotype and inflammation in hypertensive remodeling of central arteries, with future studies of the often adaptive response of medium-sized muscular arteries promising to provide additional guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Correspondence: Jay D. Humphrey ()
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27
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Sanyour HJ, Rickel AP, Hong Z. The interplay of membrane cholesterol and substrate on vascular smooth muscle biomechanics. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 86:279-299. [PMID: 33837696 PMCID: PMC8041049 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the primary cause of death worldwide. Specifically, atherosclerosis is a CVD characterized as a slow progressing chronic inflammatory disease. During atherosclerosis, vascular walls accumulate cholesterol and cause fatty streak formation. The progressive changes in vascular wall stiffness exert alternating mechanical cues on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The detachment of VSMCs in the media layer of the vessel and migration toward the intima is a critical step in atherosclerosis. VSMC phenotypic switching is a complicated process that modifies VSMC structure and biomechanical function. These changes affect the expression and function of cell adhesion molecules, thus impacting VSMC migration. Accumulating evidence has shown cholesterol is capable of regulating cellular migration, proliferation, and spreading. However, the interaction and coordinated effects of both cellular cholesterol and the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness/composition on VSMC biomechanics remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Sanyour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Alex P Rickel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States.
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28
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Horn AG, Baumfalk DR, Schulze KM, Kunkel ON, Colburn TD, Weber RE, Bruells CS, Musch TI, Poole DC, Behnke BJ. Effects of elevated positive end-expiratory pressure on diaphragmatic blood flow and vascular resistance during mechanical ventilation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:626-635. [PMID: 32730173 PMCID: PMC7517429 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00320.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention, prolonged MV can lead to deleterious effects on diaphragm function, including vascular incompetence and weaning failure. During MV, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used to maintain small airway patency and mitigate alveolar damage. We tested the hypothesis that increased intrathoracic pressure with high levels of PEEP would increase diaphragm vascular resistance and decrease perfusion. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (~6 mo) were randomly divided into two groups receiving low PEEP (1 cmH2O; n = 10) or high PEEP (9 cmH2O; n = 9) during MV. Blood flow, via fluorescent microspheres, was determined during spontaneous breathing (SB), low-PEEP MV, high-PEEP MV, low-PEEP MV + surgical laparotomy (LAP), and high-PEEP MV + pneumothorax (PTX). Compared with SB, both low-PEEP MV and high-PEEP MV increased total diaphragm and medial costal vascular resistance (P ≤ 0.05) and reduced total and medial costal diaphragm blood flow (P ≤ 0.05). Also, during MV medial costal diaphragm vascular resistance was greater and blood flow lower with high-PEEP MV vs. low-PEEP MV (P ≤ 0.05). Diaphragm perfusion with high-PEEP MV+PTX and low-PEEP MV were not different (P > 0.05). The reduced total and medial costal diaphragmatic blood flow with low-PEEP MV appears to be independent of intrathoracic pressure changes and is attributed to increased vascular resistance and diaphragm quiescence. Mechanical compression of the diaphragm vasculature may play a role in the lower diaphragmatic blood flow at higher levels of PEEP. These reductions in blood flow to the quiescent diaphragm during MV could predispose critically ill patients to weaning complications. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study, to our knowledge, demonstrating that mechanical ventilation, with low and high positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP), increases vascular resistance and reduces total and regional diaphragm perfusion. The rapid reduction in diaphragm perfusion and increased vascular resistance may initiate a cascade of events that predispose the diaphragm to vascular and thus contractile dysfunction with prolonged mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Horn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Dryden R Baumfalk
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Kiana M Schulze
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Olivia N Kunkel
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Trenton D Colburn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Ramona E Weber
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Christian S Bruells
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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29
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Mahanes TM, Murphy MO, Ouyang A, Yiannikouris FB, Fleenor BS, Loria AS. Maternal separation-induced increases in vascular stiffness are independent of circulating angiotensinogen levels. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:58-65. [PMID: 32407243 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00703.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) precursor angiotensinogen (AGT) has been implicated in the functional and mechanical alterations of the vascular wall in response to high-fat diet (HFD). Previously, we showed that HFD exacerbates angiotensin II-induced constriction in isolated aortic rings from male rats exposed to maternal separation (MatSep), a model of early-life stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether MatSep increases AGT secretion promoting vascular stiffness in rats fed a HFD. Male Wistar-Kyoto MatSep offspring were separated (3 h/day, postnatal days 2-14), and undisturbed littermates were used as controls. At weaning, rats were fed for 17 wk a normal diet (ND) or a HFD, 18% or 60% kcal from fat, respectively. In plasma, there was a main effect of MatSep reducing AGT concentration (P < 0.05) but no effect due to diet. In urine, ND-fed MatSep rats displayed higher AGT concentrations that were further increased by HFD (P < 0.05 vs. control). AGT mRNA abundance and protein expression were increased in adipose tissue from HFD-fed MatSep rats compared with control rats (P < 0.05). No significant differences in liver and kidney AGT levels were found between groups. In addition, MatSep augmented vascular stiffness assessed on freshly isolated aortic rings from ND-fed rats (P < 0.05), yet HFD did not worsen vascular stiffness in either MatSep or control rats. There was no correlation between plasma AGT and vascular stiffness in ND-fed rats; however, this relationship was negative in HFD-fed MatSep rats only (P < 0.05). Therefore, this study shows that MatSep-induced increases in vascular stiffness are independent of diet or plasma AGT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that there was no correlation between circulating levels of angiotensinogen (AGT) and the development of vascular stiffness in rats exposed to early-life stress and fed a normal diet. This study also shows that early-life stress-induced hypersensitive vascular contractility to angiotensin II in rats fed a high-fat diet is independent of circulating levels of AGT and occurs without further progression of vascular stiffness. Our data show that early-life stress primes the adipose tissue to secrete AGT in a sex- and species-independent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Mahanes
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Margaret O Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - An Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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30
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Sanyour HJ, Li N, Rickel AP, Torres HM, Anderson RH, Miles MR, Childs JD, Francis KR, Tao J, Hong Z. Statin-mediated cholesterol depletion exerts coordinated effects on the alterations in rat vascular smooth muscle cell biomechanics and migration. J Physiol 2020; 598:1505-1522. [PMID: 32083311 DOI: 10.1113/jp279528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS This study demonstrates and evaluates the changes in rat vascular smooth muscle cell biomechanics following statin-mediated cholesterol depletion. Evidence is presented to show correlated changes in migration and adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells to extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and collagen. Concurrently, integrin α5 expression was enhanced but not integrin α2. Atomic force microscopy analysis provides compelling evidence of coordinated reduction in vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness and actin cytoskeletal orientation in response to statin-mediated cholesterol depletion. Proof is provided that statin-mediated cholesterol depletion remodels total vascular smooth muscle cell cytoskeletal orientation that may additionally participate in altering ex vivo aortic vessel function. It is concluded that statin-mediated cholesterol depletion may coordinate vascular smooth muscle cell migration and adhesion to different extracellular matrix proteins and regulate cellular stiffness and cytoskeletal orientation, thus impacting the biomechanics of the cell. ABSTRACT Not only does cholesterol induce an inflammatory response and deposits in foam cells at the atherosclerotic plaque, it also regulates cellular mechanics, proliferation and migration in atherosclerosis progression. Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that are known to inhibit cellular cholesterol biosynthesis and are clinically prescribed to patients with hypercholesterolemia or related cardiovascular conditions. Nonetheless, the effect of statin-mediated cholesterol management on cellular biomechanics is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of fluvastatin-mediated cholesterol management on primary rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) biomechanics. Real-time measurement of cell adhesion, stiffness, and imaging were performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cellular migration on extra cellular matrix (ECM) protein surfaces was studied by time-lapse imaging. The effect of changes in VSMC biomechanics on aortic function was assessed using an ex vivo myograph system. Fluvastatin-mediated cholesterol depletion (-27.8%) lowered VSMC migration distance on a fibronectin (FN)-coated surface (-14.8%) but not on a type 1 collagen (COL1)-coated surface. VSMC adhesion force to FN (+33%) and integrin α5 expression were enhanced but COL1 adhesion and integrin α2 expression were unchanged upon cholesterol depletion. In addition, VSMC stiffness (-46.6%) and ex vivo aortic ring contraction force (-40.1%) were lowered and VSMC actin cytoskeletal orientation was reduced (-24.5%) following statin-mediated cholesterol depletion. Altogether, it is concluded that statin-mediated cholesterol depletion may coordinate VSMC migration and adhesion to different ECM proteins and regulate cellular stiffness and cytoskeletal orientation, thus impacting the biomechanics of the cell and aortic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Sanyour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Alex P Rickel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Haydee M Torres
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Ruthellen H Anderson
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Miranda R Miles
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,Mechanical Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Josh D Childs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Kevin R Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Jianning Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
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31
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Weil BR, Suzuki G, Canty JM. Transmural variation in microvascular remodeling following percutaneous revascularization of a chronic coronary stenosis in swine. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H696-H705. [PMID: 32056445 PMCID: PMC7099450 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00502.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of the coronary microcirculation is known to occur distal to a chronic coronary stenosis, but the reversibility of these changes and their functional significance on maximum myocardial perfusion before and after revascularization is unknown. Accordingly, swine instrumented with a chronic silastic stenosis on the left anterior descending coronary artery to produce hibernating myocardium underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; n = 8) and were compared with animals with a persistent stenosis (n = 8), as well as sham controls (n = 6). Stenotic animals demonstrated an increased subendocardial arteriolar wall thickness-to-lumen ratio (37.8 ± 3.3 vs. 28.3 ± 1.3% in sham, P = 0.04), reduced lumen area per arteriole (597 ± 88 vs. 927 ± 113 μm2, P = 0.04), and a compensatory increase in arteriolar density (9.4 ± 1.0 vs. 5.3 ± 0.4 arterioles/mm2, P < 0.01). As a result, vasodilated flow immediately after PCI was similar to normally perfused remote regions (5.1 ± 1.0 vs. 4.8 ± 0.9 ml·min-1·g-1, P = 0.87). When assessed 1-mo after PCI, increases in wall thickness-to-lumen diameter (42.2 ± 3.3%) and reductions in lumen area per arteriole (638 ± 59 μm2) remained unchanged, but arteriolar density returned to normal (5.2 ± 0.5 arterioles/mm2). As a result, maximum subendocardial flow during adenosine declined and was lower than remote regions (2.6 ± 0.3 vs. 5.9 ± 1.1 ml·min-1·g-1, P = 0.01). There was no microvascular remodeling in subepicardial arterioles, and maximum perfusion remained unchanged. These data demonstrate that subendocardial microvascular remodeling occurs distal to a chronic epicardial stenosis. The regression of arteriolar density without increases in luminal area may precipitate stress-induced subendocardial ischemia in the absence of a physiologically significant stenosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Swine with a chronic coronary stenosis exhibit subendocardial microvascular remodeling distal to a critical stenosis characterized by an increase in arteriolar wall thickness and reduction in lumen area with a compensatory increase in arteriolar density. The present study is the first to demonstrate that subendocardial arteriolar density normalizes 1-mo after revascularization, but the lumen area of individual arterioles remains reduced. This leads to a reduction in maximal subendocardial perfusion at this time point despite initial normalization of vasodilator reserve after revascularization. This pattern of chronic microvascular structural remodeling could contribute to recurrent subendocardial ischemia in the absence of coronary restenosis during tachycardia and increases in myocardial oxygen demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Weil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gen Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - John M Canty
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Veterans Affairs of Western New York Health Care System, Buffalo, New York
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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32
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Jelinic M, Kahlberg N, Leo CH, Ng HH, Rosli S, Deo M, Li M, Finlayson S, Walsh J, Parry LJ, Ritchie RH, Qin CX. Annexin-A1 deficiency exacerbates pathological remodelling of the mesenteric vasculature in insulin-resistant, but not insulin-deficient, mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1677-1691. [PMID: 31724161 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arterial stiffness, a characteristic feature of diabetes, increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Potential mechanisms that promote arterial stiffness in diabetes include oxidative stress, glycation and inflammation. The anti-inflammatory protein annexin-A1 has cardioprotective properties, particularly in the context of ischaemia. However, the role of endogenous annexin-A1 in the vasculature in both normal physiology and pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Hence, this study investigated the role of endogenous annexin-A1 in diabetes-induced remodelling of mouse mesenteric vasculature. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Insulin-resistance was induced in male mice (AnxA1+/+ and AnxA1-/- ) with the combination of streptozotocin (55mg/kg i.p. x 3 days) with high fat diet (42% energy from fat) or citrate vehicle with normal chow diet (20-weeks). Insulin-deficiency was induced in a separate cohort of mice using a higher total streptozocin dose (55mg/kg i.p. x 5 days) on chow diet (16-weeks). At study endpoint, mesenteric artery passive mechanics were assessed by pressure myography. KEY RESULTS Insulin-resistance induced significant outward remodelling but had no impact on passive stiffness. Interestingly, vascular stiffness was significantly increased in AnxA1-/- mice when subjected to insulin-resistance. In contrast, insulin-deficiency induced outward remodelling and increased volume compliance in mesenteric arteries, regardless of genotype. In addition, the annexin-A1 / formyl peptide receptor axis is upregulated in both insulin-resistant and insulin-deficient mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study provided the first evidence that endogenous AnxA1 may play an important vasoprotective role in the context of insulin-resistance. AnxA1-based therapies may provide additional benefits over traditional anti-inflammatory strategies for reducing vascular injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jelinic
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Kahlberg
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chen Huei Leo
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Science, Math and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
| | - Hooi Hooi Ng
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Sarah Rosli
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mandy Li
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siobhan Finlayson
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse Walsh
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Parry
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lu Y, Sun X, Peng L, Jiang W, Li W, Yuan H, Cai J. Angiotensin II-Induced vascular remodeling and hypertension involves cathepsin L/V- MEK/ERK mediated mechanism. Int J Cardiol 2020; 298:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Looft-Wilson RC, Billig JE, Sessa WC. Shear Stress Attenuates Inward Remodeling in Cultured Mouse Thoracodorsal Arteries in an eNOS-Dependent, but Not Hemodynamic Manner, and Increases Cx37 Expression. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:284-295. [PMID: 31574503 PMCID: PMC6908748 DOI: 10.1159/000502690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteries chronically constricted in culture remodel to smaller diameters. Conversely, elevated luminal shear stress (SS) promotes outward remodeling of arteries in vivo and prevents inward remodeling in culture in a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent manner. OBJECTIVES To determine whether SS-induced prevention of inward remodeling in cultured arteries is specifically eNOS-dependent and requires dilation, and whether SS alters the expression of eNOS and other genes potentially involved in remodeling. METHODS Female mouse thoracodorsal arteries were cannulated, pressurized to 80 mm Hg, and cultured for 2 days with low SS (<7 dyn/cm2), high SS (≥15 dyn/cm2), high SS + L-NAME (NOS inhibitor, 10-4 M), or high SS in arteries from eNOS-/- mice. In separate arteries cultured 1 day with low or high SS, eNOS and connexin (Cx) 37, Cx40, and Cx43 mRNA were assessed with real-time PCR. RESULTS High SS caused little change in passive diameters after culture (-4.7 ± 2.0%), which was less than low SS (-18.9 ± 1.4%; p < 0.0001), high SS eNOS-/- (-18.0 ± 1.5; p < 0.001), or high SS + L-NAME (-12.0 ± 0.6%; nonsignificant) despite similar constriction during culture. Cx37 mRNA expression was increased (p < 0.05) with high SS, but other gene levels were not different. CONCLUSIONS eNOS is involved in SS-induced prevention of inward remodeling in cultured small arteries. This effect does not require NO-mediated dilation. SS increased Cx37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C Looft-Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,
- Department of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA,
| | - Janelle E Billig
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - William C Sessa
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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35
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Zhu Y, Qu J, He L, Zhang F, Zhou Z, Yang S, Zhou Y. Calcium in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Elasticity and Adhesion: Novel Insights Into the Mechanism of Action. Front Physiol 2019; 10:852. [PMID: 31440163 PMCID: PMC6693425 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the arterial wall. These cells play a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis including vasoconstriction and vasodilatation through active contraction and relaxation. Dysregulation of VSMC function alters the response of blood vessels to mechanical stress, contributing to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis and hypertension. The stiffness of VSMCs is a major regulator of vascular function. Previous studies suggest that intracellular Ca2+ controls the stiffness of VSMCs by a mechanism involving myosin contractile apparatus. More recent studies highlight important functions of cytoskeletal α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), α5β1 integrin, and integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in Ca2+-dependent regulation of VSMC stiffness and adhesion to the ECM, providing novel insights into the mechanism of calcium action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jing Qu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanzhong Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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36
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Touyz RM, Alves-Lopes R, Rios FJ, Camargo LL, Anagnostopoulou A, Arner A, Montezano AC. Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:529-539. [PMID: 29394331 PMCID: PMC5852517 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for many common chronic diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular dementia, and chronic kidney disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of hypertension include increased vascular resistance, determined in large part by reduced vascular diameter due to increased vascular contraction and arterial remodelling. These processes are regulated by complex-interacting systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, immune activation, and oxidative stress, which influence vascular smooth muscle function. Vascular smooth muscle cells are highly plastic and in pathological conditions undergo phenotypic changes from a contractile to a proliferative state. Vascular smooth muscle contraction is triggered by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), promoting actin–myosin cross-bridge formation. Growing evidence indicates that contraction is also regulated by calcium-independent mechanisms involving RhoA-Rho kinase, protein Kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, reactive oxygen species, and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of immune/inflammatory pathways and non-coding RNAs are also emerging as important regulators of vascular function. Vascular smooth muscle cell [Ca2+]i not only determines the contractile state but also influences activity of many calcium-dependent transcription factors and proteins thereby impacting the cellular phenotype and function. Perturbations in vascular smooth muscle cell signalling and altered function influence vascular reactivity and tone, important determinants of vascular resistance and blood pressure. Here, we discuss mechanisms regulating vascular reactivity and contraction in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and highlight some new advances in the field, focusing specifically on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Francisco J Rios
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Livia L Camargo
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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37
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Endothelial retinoblastoma protein reduces abdominal aortic aneurysm development via promoting DHFR/NO pathway-mediated vasoprotection. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 460:29-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Rêgo MLM, Cabral DAR, Costa EC, Fontes EB. Physical Exercise for Individuals with Hypertension: It Is Time to Emphasize its Benefits on the Brain and Cognition. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2019; 13:1179546819839411. [PMID: 30967748 PMCID: PMC6444761 DOI: 10.1177/1179546819839411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects more than 40% of adults worldwide and is associated with stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases. It has also been shown to cause severe functional and structural damage to the brain, leading to cognitive impairment and dementia. Furthermore, it is believed that these cognitive impairments affect the mental ability to maintain productivity at work, ultimately causing social and economic problems. Because hypertension is a chronic condition that requires clinical treatment, strategies with fewer side effects and less-invasive procedures are needed. Physical exercise (PE) has proven to be an efficient and complementary tool for hypertension management, and its peripheral benefits have been widely supported by related studies. However, few studies have specifically examined the potential positive effects of PE on the brain in hypertensive individuals. This narrative review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms that hypertension promotes in the brain, and suggests PE as an important tool to prevent and reduce cognitive damage caused by hypertension. We also provide PE recommendations for hypertensive individuals, as well as suggestions for promoting PE as a method for increasing cognitive abilities in the brain, particularly for hypertensive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria LM Rêgo
- NEUROEX-Research Group in Physical
Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio
Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Daniel AR Cabral
- NEUROEX-Research Group in Physical
Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio
Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Costa
- GPEACE-Research Group on Acute and
Chronic Effects of Exercise, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande
do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Fontes
- NEUROEX-Research Group in Physical
Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio
Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
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39
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Mostaço-Guidolin LB, Smith MSD, Hewko M, Schattka B, Sowa MG, Major A, Ko ACT. Fractal dimension and directional analysis of elastic and collagen fiber arrangement in unsectioned arterial tissues affected by atherosclerosis and aging. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:638-646. [PMID: 30629475 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00497.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural proteins like collagen and elastin are major constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM degradation and remodeling in diseases significantly impact the microorganization of these structural proteins. Therefore, tracking the changes of collagen and elastin fiber morphological features within ECM impacted by disease progression could provide valuable insight into pathological processes such as tissue fibrosis and atherosclerosis. Benefiting from its intrinsic high-resolution imaging power and superior biochemical specificity, nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) is capable of providing information critical to the understanding of ECM remodeling. In this study, alterations of structural fibrillar proteins such as collagen and elastin in arteries excised from atherosclerotic rabbits were assessed by the combination of NLOM images and textural analysis methods such as fractal dimension (FD) and directional analysis (DA). FD and DA were tested for their performance in tracking the changes of extracellular elastin and fibrillar collagen remodeling resulting from atherosclerosis progression/aging. Although other methods of image analysis to study the organization of elastin and collagen structures have been reported, the simplified calculations of FD and DA presented in this work prove that they are viable strategies for extracting and analyzing fiber-related morphology from disease-impacted tissues. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates the potential utility of FD and DA in studying ECM remodeling caused by other pathological processes such as respiratory diseases, several skin conditions, or even cancer. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Textural analyses such as fractal dimension (FD) and directional analysis (DA) are straightforward and computationally viable strategies to extract fiber-related morphological data from optical images. Therefore, objective, quantitative, and automated characterization of protein fiber morphology in extracellular matrix can be realized by using these methods in combination with digital imaging techniques such as nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM), a highly effective visualization tool for fibrillar collagen and elastic network. Combining FD and DA with NLOM is an innovative approach to track alterations of structural fibrillar proteins. The results illustrated in this study not only prove the effectiveness of FD and DA methods in extracellular protein characterization but also demonstrate their potential value in clinical and basic biomedical research where protein microstructure characterization is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila B Mostaço-Guidolin
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Michael S D Smith
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Mark Hewko
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Bernie Schattka
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Michael G Sowa
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Arkady Major
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Alex C-T Ko
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
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40
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James BD, Allen JB. Vascular Endothelial Cell Behavior in Complex Mechanical Microenvironments. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3818-3842. [PMID: 33429612 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vascular mechanical microenvironment consists of a mixture of spatially and temporally changing mechanical forces. This exposes vascular endothelial cells to both hemodynamic forces (fluid flow, cyclic stretching, lateral pressure) and vessel forces (basement membrane mechanical and topographical properties). The vascular mechanical microenvironment is "complex" because these forces are dynamic and interrelated. Endothelial cells sense these forces through mechanosensory structures and transduce them into functional responses via mechanotransduction pathways, culminating in behavior directly affecting vascular health. Recent in vitro studies have shown that endothelial cells respond in nuanced and unique ways to combinations of hemodynamic and vessel forces as compared to any single mechanical force. Understanding the interactive effects of the complex mechanical microenvironment on vascular endothelial behavior offers the opportunity to design future biomaterials and biomedical devices from the bottom-up by engineering for the cellular response. This review describes and defines (1) the blood vessel structure, (2) the complex mechanical microenvironment of the vascular endothelium, (3) the process in which vascular endothelial cells sense mechanical forces, and (4) the effect of mechanical forces on vascular endothelial cells with specific attention to recent works investigating the influence of combinations of mechanical forces. We conclude this review by providing our perspective on how the field can move forward to elucidate the effects of the complex mechanical microenvironment on vascular endothelial cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D James
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Institute for Computational Engineering, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, PO Box 116550, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Josephine B Allen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Institute for Cell and Tissue Science and Engineering, 300 Weil Hall, PO Box 116550, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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41
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Seawright JW, Sreenivasappa H, Gibbs HC, Padgham S, Shin SY, Chaponnier C, Yeh AT, Trzeciakowski JP, Woodman CR, Trache A. Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractile Function Declines With Age in Skeletal Muscle Feed Arteries. Front Physiol 2018; 9:856. [PMID: 30108507 PMCID: PMC6079263 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a progressive decline in vasoconstrictor responses in central and peripheral arteries. This study investigated the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contractile function declines with age in soleus muscle feed arteries (SFA). Contractile function of cannulated SFA isolated from young (4 months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rats was assessed by measuring constrictor responses of denuded (endothelium removed) SFA to norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE), and angiotensin II (Ang II). In addition, we investigated the role of RhoA signaling in modulation of VSM contractile function. Structural and functional characteristics of VSM cells were evaluated by fluorescence imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results indicated that constrictor responses to PE and Ang II were significantly impaired in old SFA, whereas constrictor responses to NE were preserved. In the presence of a Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y27632), constrictor responses to NE, Ang II, and PE were significantly reduced in young and old SFA. In addition, the age-group difference in constrictor responses to Ang II was eliminated. ROCK1 and ROCK2 content was similar in young and old VSM cells, whereas pROCK1 and pROCK2 were significantly elevated in old VSM cells. Aging was associated with a reduction in smooth muscle α-actin stress fibers and recruitment of proteins to cell-matrix adhesions. Old VSM cells presented an increase in integrin adhesion to the matrix and smooth muscle γ-actin fibers that was associated with increased cell stiffness. In conclusion, our results indicate that VSM contractile function declined with age in SFA. The decrement in contractile function was mediated in part by RhoA/ROCK signaling. Upregulation of pROCK in old VSM cells was not able to rescue contractility in old SFA. Collectively, these results indicate that changes at the VSM cell level play a central role in the reduced contractile function of aged SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Seawright
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Harini Sreenivasappa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Holly C Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Samuel Padgham
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Song Y Shin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christine Chaponnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alvin T Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jerome P Trzeciakowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christopher R Woodman
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andreea Trache
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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42
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Hill MR, Philp CJ, Billington CK, Tatler AL, Johnson SR, O'Dea RD, Brook BS. A theoretical model of inflammation- and mechanotransduction-driven asthmatic airway remodelling. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 17:1451-1470. [PMID: 29968161 PMCID: PMC6154265 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness and airway remodelling are well-established hallmarks of asthma, but their inter-relationships remain elusive. In order to obtain a better understanding of their inter-dependence, we develop a mechanochemical morphoelastic model of the airway wall accounting for local volume changes in airway smooth muscle (ASM) and extracellular matrix in response to transient inflammatory or contractile agonist challenges. We use constrained mixture theory, together with a multiplicative decomposition of growth from the elastic deformation, to model the airway wall as a nonlinear fibre-reinforced elastic cylinder. Local contractile agonist drives ASM cell contraction, generating mechanical stresses in the tissue that drive further release of mitogenic mediators and contractile agonists via underlying mechanotransductive signalling pathways. Our model predictions are consistent with previously described inflammation-induced remodelling within an axisymmetric airway geometry. Additionally, our simulations reveal novel mechanotransductive feedback by which hyper-responsive airways exhibit increased remodelling, for example, via stress-induced release of pro-mitogenic and pro-contractile cytokines. Simulation results also reveal emergence of a persistent contractile tone observed in asthmatics, via either a pathological mechanotransductive feedback loop, a failure to clear agonists from the tissue, or a combination of both. Furthermore, we identify various parameter combinations that may contribute to the existence of different asthma phenotypes, and we illustrate a combination of factors which may predispose severe asthmatics to fatal bronchospasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hill
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Room C25, Mathematical Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Christopher J Philp
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, D Floor, South Block, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Charlotte K Billington
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, D Floor, South Block, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Simon R Johnson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, D Floor, South Block, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Reuben D O'Dea
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Room C28, Mathematical Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Bindi S Brook
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Room C26, Mathematical Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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43
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Jelinic M, Leo CH, Marshall SA, Senadheera SN, Parry LJ, Tare M. Short-term (48 hours) intravenous serelaxin infusion has no effect on myogenic tone or vascular remodeling in rat mesenteric arteries. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28370794 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term IV sRLX (recombinant human relaxin-2) infusion enhances endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries. This is initially underpinned by increased NO followed by a transition to prostacyclin. The effects of short-term IV sRLX treatment on pressure-induced myogenic tone and vascular remodeling in these arteries are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of sRLX infusion on pressure-induced myogenic tone and passive mechanical wall properties in mesenteric arteries. METHODS Mesenteric artery myogenic tone and passive mechanics were examined after 48-hours and 10-days infusion of sRLX. Potential mechanisms of action were assessed by pressure myography, qPCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Neither 48-hours nor 10-days sRLX treatment had significant effects on myogenic tone, passive arterial wall stiffness, volume compliance, or axial lengthening. However, in 48-hours sRLX -treated rats, incubation with the NO synthase blocker L-NAME significantly increased myogenic tone (P<.05 vs placebo), demonstrating an increased contribution of NO to the regulation of myogenic tone. eNOS dimerization, but not phosphorylation, was significantly upregulated in the arteries of sRLX -treated rats. CONCLUSION In mesenteric arteries, 48-hours sRLX treatment upregulates the role of NO in the regulation of myogenic tone by enhancing eNOS dimerization, without altering overall myogenic tone or vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jelinic
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chen Huei Leo
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah A Marshall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Laura J Parry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marianne Tare
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Klein A, Joseph PD, Christensen VG, Jensen LJ, Jacobsen JCB. Lack of tone in mouse small mesenteric arteries leads to outward remodeling, which can be prevented by prolonged agonist-induced vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H644-H657. [PMID: 29775408 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00111.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inward remodeling of resistance vessels is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Thus far, the remodeling process remains incompletely elucidated, but the activation level of the vascular smooth muscle cell appears to play a central role. Accordingly, previous data have suggested that an antagonistic and supposedly beneficial response, outward remodeling, may follow prolonged vasodilatation. The present study aimed to determine whether 1) outward remodeling follows 3 days of vessel culture without tone, 2) a similar response can be elicited in a much shorter 4-h timeframe, and, finally, 3) whether a 4-h response can be prevented or reversed by the presence of vasoconstrictors in the medium. Cannulated mouse small mesenteric arteries were organocultured for 3 days in the absence of tone, leading to outward remodeling that continued throughout the culture period. In more acute experiments in which cannulated small mesenteric arteries were maintained in physiological saline without tone for 4 h, we detected a similar outward remodeling that proceeded at a rate several times faster. In the 4-h experimental setting, continuous vasoconstriction to ~50% tone by abluminal application of UTP or norepinephrine + neuropeptide Y prevented outward remodeling but did not cause inward remodeling. Computational modeling was used to simulate and interpret these findings and to derive time constants of the remodeling processes. It is suggested that depriving resistance arteries of activation will lead to eutrophic outward remodeling, which can be prevented by vascular smooth muscle cell activation induced by prolonged vasoconstrictor exposure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have established an effective 4-h method for studying outward remodeling in pressurized mouse resistance vessels ex vivo and have determined conditions that block the remodeling response. This allows for investigating the subtle but clinically highly relevant phenomenon of outward remodeling while avoiding both laborious 3-day organoid culture of cannulated vessels and in vivo experiments lasting several weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Klein
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Philomeena Daphne Joseph
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Vibeke Grøsfjeld Christensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lars Jørn Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Brings Jacobsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Lemos MDP, Mota GRD, Marocolo M, Sordi CCD, Chriguer RS, Barbosa Neto O. Exercise Training Attenuates Sympathetic Activity and Improves Morphometry of Splenic Arterioles in Spontaneously Hipertensive Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 110:263-269. [PMID: 29694556 PMCID: PMC5898777 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in the structure of resistance vessels contribute to elevated
systemic vascular resistance in hypertension and are linked to sympathetic
hyperactivity and related lesions in target organs. Objective To assess the effects of exercise training on hemodynamic and autonomic
parameters, as well as splenic arteriolar damages in male Wistar Kyoto (WKY)
and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Methods Normotensive sedentary (WKYS) and trained (WKYT) rats,
and hypertensive sedentary (SHRS) and trained (SHRT)
rats were included in this study. After 9 weeks of experimental protocol
(swimming training or sedentary control), arterial pressure (AP) and heart
rate (HR) were recorded in freely moving rats. We assessed the autonomic
control of the heart by sympathetic and vagal autonomic blockade.
Morphometric analyses of arterioles were performed in spleen tissues. The
statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results Resting bradycardia was observed in both trained groups (WKYT:
328.0 ± 7.3 bpm; SHRT: 337.0 ± 5.2 bpm) compared
with their respective sedentary groups (WKYS: 353.2 ± 8.5
bpm; SHRS: 412.1 ± 10.4 bpm; p < 0.001). Exercise
training attenuated mean AP only in SHRT (125.9 ± 6.2
mmHg) vs. SHRS (182.5 ± 4.2 mmHg, p < 0.001). The
WKYT showed a higher vagal effect (∆HR: 79.0 ± 2.3
bpm) compared with WKYS (∆HR: 67.4 ± 1.7 bpm; p <
0.05). Chronic exercise decreased sympathetic effects on SHRT
(∆HR: -62.8 ± 2.8 bpm) in comparison with SHRS (∆HR: -99.8
± 9.2 bpm; p = 0.005). The wall thickness of splenic arterioles in
SHR was reduced by training (332.1 ± 16.0 µm2 in
SHRT vs. 502.7 ± 36.3 µm2 in
SHRS; p < 0.05). Conclusions Exercise training attenuates sympathetic activity and AP in SHR, which may be
contributing to the morphological improvement of the splenic arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moacir Marocolo
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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46
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Guo X, Chen H, Han L, Haulon S, Kassab GS. Chronic ET A antagonist reverses hypertension and impairment of structure and function of peripheral small arteries in aortic stiffening. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3076. [PMID: 29449619 PMCID: PMC5814460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. The goal of this study is to elucidate the role of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) in aortic stiffening-induced hypertension through ETA receptor activation. An increase in aortic stiffness was created by use of a non-constrictive restraint, NCR on the abdominal aortic surface. A group of rats underwent aortic NCR or sham operation for 12 weeks and were then treated with ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 for 3 weeks. We found that 12 weeks of aortic NCR significantly increased pulse and mean pressure and altered peripheral flow pattern, accompanied by an increased serum ET-1 level (p < 0.05). The increase in aortic stiffness (evidenced by an elevated pulse wave velocity) caused hypertrophic structural remodeling and decreased arterial compliance, along with an impaired endothelial function in peripheral small arteries. BQ-123 treatment only partially attenuated peripheral arterial hypertrophy and restored arterial compliance, but completely recovered endothelium function, and consequently restored local flow and lowered blood pressure. Our findings underscore the hemodynamic coupling between aortic stiffening and peripheral arterial vessels and flow dynamics through an ETA-dependent mechanism. ETA receptor blockade may have therapeutic potential for improving peripheral vessel structure and function in the treatment of aortic stiffness-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Guo
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ling Han
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stephan Haulon
- Aortic Center, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le pLessis Robinson, Université Paris Sud, Clemenceau, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, USA.
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47
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Defective p27 phosphorylation at serine 10 affects vascular reactivity and increases abdominal aortic aneurysm development via Cox-2 activation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 116:5-15. [PMID: 29408196 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation at serine 10 (S10) is the major posttranslational modification of the tumor suppressor p27, and is reduced in both human and mouse atherosclerosis. Moreover, a lack of p27-phospho-S10 in apolipoprotein E-null mice (apoE-/-) leads to increased high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis associated with endothelial dysfunction and augmented leukocyte recruitment. In this study, we analyzed whether p27-phospho-S10 modulates additional endothelial functions and associated pathologies. Defective p27-phospho-S10 increases COX-2 activity in mouse aortic endothelial cells without affecting other key regulators of vascular reactivity, reduces endothelium-dependent dilation, and increases arterial contractility. Lack of p27-phospho-S10 also elevates aortic COX-2 expression and thromboxane A2 production, increases aortic lumen diameter, and aggravates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm development in apoE-/- mice. All these abnormal responses linked to defective p27-phospho-S10 are blunted by pharmacological inhibition of COX-2. These results demonstrate that defective p27-phospho-S10 modifies endothelial behavior and promotes aneurysm formation via COX-2 activation.
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48
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Pereira SC, Parente JM, Belo VA, Mendes AS, Gonzaga NA, do Vale GT, Ceron CS, Tanus-Santos JE, Tirapelli CR, Castro MM. Quercetin decreases the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and ameliorates vascular remodeling in renovascular hypertension. Atherosclerosis 2018; 270:146-153. [PMID: 29425960 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 is observed in aortas of different models of hypertension, and its activation is directly mediated by oxidative stress. As quercetin is an important flavonoid with significant antioxidant effects, the hypothesis here is that quercetin will reduce increased MMP-2 activity by decreasing oxidative stress in aortas of hypertensive rats and then ameliorate hypertension-induced vascular remodeling. METHODS Male two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive Wistar rats and controls were treated with quercetin (10 mg/kg/day) or its vehicle for three weeks by gavage. Rats were then analyzed at five weeks of hypertension. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined by tail-cuff plethysmography. Aortas were used to determine MMP activity by in situ zymography and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by dihydroethidium. Western blot was performed to detect focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated-FAK levels. RESULTS SBP was increased in 2K1C rats and only a borderline reduction in SBP was observed after treating 2K1C rats with quercetin. Cross-sectional area and the number of vascular smooth muscle cells were significantly increased in aortas of hypertensive rats, and quercetin reduced them. Quercetin reduced ROS levels in aortas of 2K1C rats and the increased activity of gelatinases in situ. However, quercetin did not affect the levels of tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-2 and did not interfere with FAK and p-FAK levels in aortas of hypertensive rats. Furthermore, different concentrations of quercetin did not directly reduce the activity of human recombinant MMP-2 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin reduces hypertension-induced vascular remodeling, oxidative stress and MMP-2 activity in aortas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherliane C Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Parente
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Belo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Atlante S Mendes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália A Gonzaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology, DEPCH, College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T do Vale
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology, DEPCH, College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla S Ceron
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology, DEPCH, College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Michele M Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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49
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Hill MA, Nourian Z, Ho IL, Clifford PS, Martinez-Lemus L, Meininger GA. Small Artery Elastin Distribution and Architecture-Focus on Three Dimensional Organization. Microcirculation 2018; 23:614-620. [PMID: 27362628 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of ECM proteins within the walls of resistance vessels is complex both in variety of proteins and structural arrangement. In particular, elastin exists as discrete fibers varying in orientation across the adventitia and media as well as often resembling a sheet-like structure in the case of the IEL. Adding to the complexity is the tissue heterogeneity that exists in these structural arrangements. For example, small intracranial cerebral arteries lack adventitial elastin while similar sized arteries from skeletal muscle and intestinal mesentery exhibit a complex adventitial network of elastin fibers. With regard to the IEL, several vascular beds exhibit an elastin sheet with punctate holes/fenestrae while in others the IEL is discontinuous and fibrous in appearance. Importantly, these structural patterns likely sub-serve specific functional properties, including mechanosensing, control of external forces, mechanical properties of the vascular wall, cellular positioning, and communication between cells. Of further significance, these processes are altered in vascular disorders such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus where there is modification of ECM. This brief report focuses on the three-dimensional wall structure of small arteries and considers possible implications with regard to mechanosensing under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zahra Nourian
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - I-Lin Ho
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Philip S Clifford
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Gerald A Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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50
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Regional Heterogeneity in the Regulation of Vasoconstriction in Arteries and Its Role in Vascular Mechanics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1097:105-128. [PMID: 30315542 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vasoconstriction and vasodilation play important roles in the circulatory system and can be regulated through different pathways that depend on myriad biomolecules. These different pathways reflect the various functions of smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility within the different regions of the arterial tree and how they contribute to both the mechanics and the mechanobiology. Here, we review the primary regulatory pathways involved in SMC contractility and highlight their regional differences in elastic, muscular, and resistance arteries. In this way, one can begin to assess how these properties affect important biomechanical and mechanobiological functions in the circulatory system in health and disease.
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