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Zheng C, Yu L, Zhao L, Guo M, Feng M, Li H, Zhou X, Fan Y, Liu L, Ma Z, Jia Y, Li M, Barman I, Yu Z. Label-free Raman spectroscopy reveals tumor microenvironmental changes induced by intermittent fasting for the prevention of breast cancer in animal model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124387. [PMID: 38704999 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of tools that can provide a holistic picture of the evolution of the tumor microenvironment in response to intermittent fasting on the prevention of breast cancer is highly desirable. Here, we show, for the first time, the use of label-free Raman spectroscopy to reveal biomolecular alterations induced by intermittent fasting in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer using a dimethyl-benzanthracene induced rat model. To quantify biomolecular alterations in the tumor microenvironment, chemometric analysis of Raman spectra obtained from untreated and treated tumors was performed using multivariate curve resolution-alternative least squares and support vector machines. Raman measurements revealed remarkable and robust differences in lipid, protein, and glycogen content prior to morphological manifestations in a dynamically changing tumor microenvironment, consistent with the proteomic changes observed by quantitative mass spectrometry. Taken together with its non-invasive nature, this research provides prospective evidence for the clinical translation of Raman spectroscopy to identify biomolecular variations in the microenvironment induced by intermittent fasting for the prevention of breast cancer, providing new perspectives on the specific molecular effects in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Lixiang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Linfeng Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Maolin Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Man Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Xingchen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yeye Fan
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Zhongbing Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yining Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.
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Son JE. Genetics, pharmacotherapy, and dietary interventions in childhood obesity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:12861. [PMID: 38863827 PMCID: PMC11165095 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has emerged as a major global health issue, contributing to the increased prevalence of chronic conditions and adversely affecting the quality of life and future prospects of affected individuals, thereby presenting a substantial societal challenge. This complex condition, influenced by the interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental factors, is characterized by excessive energy intake due to uncontrolled appetite regulation and a Westernized diet. Managing obesity in childhood requires specific considerations compared with adulthood, given the vulnerability of the critical juvenile-adolescent period to toxicity and developmental defects. Consequently, common treatment options for adult obesity may not directly apply to younger populations. Therefore, research on childhood obesity has focused on genetic defects in regulating energy intake, alongside pharmacotherapy and dietary interventions as management approaches, with an emphasis on safety concerns. This review aims to summarize canonical knowledge and recent findings on genetic factors contributing to childhood obesity. Additionally, it assesses the efficacy and safety of existing pharmacotherapies and dietary interventions and suggests future research directions. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics of childhood obesity, this review aims to offer insights into more targeted and effective strategies for addressing this condition, including personalized healthcare solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Eun Son
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Madkour MI, Islam MT, Tippetts TS, Chowdhury KH, Lesniewski LA, Summers SA, Zeb F, Abdelrahim DN, AlKurd R, Khraiwesh HM, AbuShihab KH, AlBakri A, Obaideen K, Faris ME. Ramadan intermittent fasting is associated with ameliorated inflammatory markers and improved plasma sphingolipids/ceramides in subjects with obesity: lipidomics analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17322. [PMID: 37833312 PMCID: PMC10576029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is associated with enormous metabolic alterations that underpin its diverse health effects. Changes in lipid metabolism, particularly ceramides, and other sphingolipids, are among the most notable of these alterations. This study investigated the lipidomic alterations associated with 29-30 days of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RIF) in metabolically healthy overweight and obese subjects. A prospective cohort of 57 overweight and obese adults (70% males, 38.4 ± 11.2 years), with an age range of 18-58 years was observed prior to and at the conclusion of Ramadan. At both time points, anthropometric, biochemical (lipid profile, glycemic, and inflammatory markers), and dietary intake measurements were taken. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, a lipidomic analysis of ceramides and other sphingolipids was conducted. Using paired sample t-tests, pre- and post-Ramadan anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary values were compared. RIF was associated with improved levels of lipid profile compartments and inflammatory markers. In addition, RIF was associated with a decrease in plasma sphingosine and sphinganine, which was accompanied by a decrease in sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphinganine 1-phosphate. In addition, RIF was associated with decreased C17, C22, and C24 sphingomyelin, but not C14, C16, C18, C20, and C24:1 sphingomyelin, as well as C20, C22, C24, and C24:1 dihydrosphingomyelin, but not C16 and C18 dihydrosphingomyelin. This study demonstrates that RIF is associated with improvements in plasma sphingosine, sphinganine sphingomyelin, and dihydrosphingomyelin lipid species, as well as improved lipid profile and inflammatory markers, which may confer short-term protection against cardiometabolic problems in patients with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibrahim Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Md Torikul Islam
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trevor S Tippetts
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kamrul H Chowdhury
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Falak Zeb
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Dana N Abdelrahim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Refat AlKurd
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Husam M Khraiwesh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Katia H AbuShihab
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Asma AlBakri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khaled Obaideen
- Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - MoezAlIslam E Faris
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
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Pérez-Gerdel T, Camargo M, Alvarado M, Ramírez JD. Impact of Intermittent Fasting on the Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200337. [PMID: 36950759 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity often results in severe negative health consequences and represents a growing issue for global health. Reducing food intake is a crucial factor for weight loss. Intermittent fasting is a relatively new intervention that contributes to weight reduction. Considering the intimate relationship between obesity and inflammatory pathologies with gut microbiota alterations, a systematic review of the literature was herein conducted to elucidate the relationship between time-restricted food intake and gut microbiota diversity in humans. Searches are carried out in three databases (PubMed, MedLine/OVID, and Academic Search Complete) between April 2019 and April 2022. Nine studies (all with longitudinal design) were identified as eligible by presenting data about the impact of intermittent fasting schemes on gut microbiota. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increase throughout follow-ups, while 16 bacteria genera change their abundance in response to intermittent fasting. Finally, some genera associated with clinical predictors such as weight change, abdominal circumference, and metabolic variables were reported. Changes induced by fasting schemes positively impact the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota and the biomarkers described here. However, the changes previously reported have been studied in short periods and some return to their basal state after fasting intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoro Pérez-Gerdel
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., 112111, Colombia
| | - Milena Camargo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., 112111, Colombia
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Funza-Cundinamarca, 250027, Colombia
| | - Mateo Alvarado
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., 112111, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., 112111, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Roy YJ, Lyutakov I. The effect of Ramadan and intermittent fasting on the development of Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcers. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2023; 84:1-6. [PMID: 37490435 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A considerable portion of the world's population practices fasting, for religious purposes like Ramadan or to adopt a healthier lifestyle such as intermittent fasting. During this period, individuals undergo metabolic changes that alter their internal environment. The literature was analysed to identify a possible relationship between fasting and the development of Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcers. This found that fasting does not affect the incidence of peptic ulcers, and studies that saw an increase in the incidence were not significant. However, remodelling of the gastric environment and increases in concentrations of H. pylori were recorded. There is no relationship between fasting and the risk of developing H. pylori-induced peptic ulcers, suggesting that individuals with uncomplicated ulcers are not at risk of developing further ulcers and can participate in fasts provided they take the recommended measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan J Roy
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Lyutakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital 'Tsaritsa Yoanna - ISUL', Sofia, Bulgaria
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Madkour M, Giddey AD, Soares NC, Semreen MH, Bustanji Y, Zeb F, Halwani R, Faris ME. Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting is associated with significant plasma metabolomics changes in subjects with overweight and obesity: A prospective cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1008730. [PMID: 36698470 PMCID: PMC9868699 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the holy month of Ramadan, adult healthy Muslims are mandated to abstain from dawn to sunset, with free eating at night hours that may extend up to 12 h. The current work was designed to investigate the metabolomics changes incurred upon the observance of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF). Methods Twenty-five metabolically healthy participants with overweight and obesity (7 females and 18 males, with a mean age of 39.48 ± 10.0 years) were recruited for the study and were followed before and at the end of RDIF month. Dietary, anthropometric, biochemical, and physical activity assessments were performed before and at the end of the fasting month. The metabolomic assay was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the two-time points. Results and discussion Metabolomics assay revealed a significant reduction in a few metabolites. The analysis revealed that 27 metabolites differed significantly (P < 0.05) between pre-and post-RDIF. Among the differentially abundant metabolites, 23 showed a decrease with fasting, these included several amino acids such as aspartame, tryptophan, phenylalanine, histidine, and other metabolites including valeric acid, and cortisol. On the other hand, only four metabolites showed increased levels after RDIF including traumatic acid, 2-pyrrolidinone, PC[18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)], and L-sorbose. The MetaboAnalyst® platform reported that the top enriched metabolic pathways included: (1) histidine metabolism; (2) folate biosynthesis (3) phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; (4) aminoacyltRNA biosynthesis; (5) caffeine metabolism; (6) vitamin B6 metabolism; and several other pathways relating to lipid metabolisms such as arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism. In conclusion, RDIF entails significant changes in various metabolic pathways that reflect different dietary and lifestyle behaviors practiced during the fasting month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander D. Giddey
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,School of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Falak Zeb
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: MoezAlIslam E. Faris, ,
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Sulaiman SK, Tsiga-Ahmed FI, Faris ME, Musa MS, Akpan UAO, Umar AM, Abubakar SM, Allaham KK, Alyammahi T, Abdbuljalil MA, Javaid SF, Khan MAB. Nigerian Muslim's Perceptions of Changes in Diet, Weight, and Health Status during Ramadan: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14340. [PMID: 36361226 PMCID: PMC9653919 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Islamic month of Ramadan is marked by fasting, when Muslims refrain from eating and drinking from dawn to sunset, which has an impact on their dietary habits. The study aimed to assess Nigerian Muslims' dietary modifications during Ramadan and their related changes in body weight and health status. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Nigerian adult Muslims. The survey assessed sociodemographic, dietary habits, eating behaviors, food choices, perceived weight changes, and health status. The logistic regression model was used to assess the predictors of weight change and perceived health status. There were 770 participants, 62.9% of whom were women, ranging in age from 18 to 60 years with a mean age of 27.7 ± 6.4 years. Fruits, palm dates, homemade foods, milk products, and vegetables were more frequently consumed. There were fewer energy drinks, pastries, salty snacks, and carbonated or sugared drinks consumed during Ramadan than before. Over half (54.6%, 95% CI: 51.0-58.9%) of the respondents lost weight during Ramadan, 37.0% (95% CI: 17.4-38.6%) maintained their weight and 8.4% (95% CI: 6.6-10.6%) gained weight during the month. Nearly all (97.3%, 95% CI: 95.8-98.3%) reported having good health during Ramadan, and 2.7% (95% CI: 1.7-4.1%) reported having a poorer health state during Ramadan. There was a significant weight loss and healthy dietary change associated with Ramadan fasting in Nigeria. Public health measures must be in place to impart such positive health behaviors so that such healthy habits continue throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabi Kabir Sulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Damaturu P.M.B 1047, Nigeria
| | - Fatimah Isma’il Tsiga-Ahmed
- Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano P.M.B 3452, Nigeria
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Sale Musa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Damaturu P.M.B 1047, Nigeria
| | - Udoyen Abasi-okot Akpan
- Department of Medicine, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
| | | | - Salisu Maiwada Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Africa Centre of Excellence for Population Health and Policy, Bayero University, Kano P.M.B. 3011, Nigeria
| | - Kholoud K. Allaham
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taif Alyammahi
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munther A. Abdbuljalil
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Fahad Javaid
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moien AB Khan
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Primary Care, NHS North West London, London TW3 3EB, UK
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Cuccolo K, Kramer R, Petros T, Thoennes M. Intermittent fasting implementation and association with eating disorder symptomatology. Eat Disord 2022; 30:471-491. [PMID: 34191688 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2021.1922145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an emerging dietary trend that remains understudied. This study aimed to describe the implementation and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, relevant to engagement in IF among both men and women. Intermittent fasters (N = 44 women, N = 20 men) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, Reddit, and a Midwestern University were administered a demographic questionnaire, an assessment of ED symptomatology (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire; EDE-Q), and asked about their IF use. To assess the level of ED symptomatology among individuals using IF community and clinical norms were used for comparison. We hypothesized a) men and women engaging IF would score higher on the EDE-Q and b) more individuals engaging in IF would endorse ED behaviors (e.g., self-induced vomiting) than community norms. Intermittent fasters reported fasting for approximately 16 hours daily and for weight loss purposes. Men and women engaging in IF scored significantly higher than community norms on all subscales of the EDE-Q, with 31.25% of participants' EDE-Q scores being at or above the clinical EDE-Q cut-off. Men and women engaging in IF reported engaging in ED behaviors. Results suggest that IF is associated with ED symptomatology. Further research on psychological characteristics and temporal order of the association between IF and ED symptomatology is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cuccolo
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, United States
| | - Rachel Kramer
- Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Thomas Petros
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, United States
| | - McKena Thoennes
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, United States
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Madkour MI, Hassan RE, Sherif NM, Awadallah S, Abdelrahim DN, Jahrami HA, Abu Shihab K, Faris ME. Haptoglobin polymorphism modulates cardiometabolic impacts of four consecutive weeks, dawn to sunset Ramadan intermittent fasting among subjects with overweight/obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 190:110024. [PMID: 35905889 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Haptoglobin (Hp) is a multifaceted marker of inflammation, and mediates the interplay between obesity, inflammation, and cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, the role of the Hp phenotype in modulating intermittent fasting (IF)-induced cardiometabolic changes remains to be elucidated. METHODS Hp phenotype was determined for the study subjects. Cardiometabolic markers were assessed before and at the end of four consecutive weeks, dawn to sunset IF. RESULTS A total of 114 subjects (75 males and 39 females, 38.7 ± 11.7 years, body mass index (BMI) of 30.41 ± 5.09 kg/m2) were recruited. Hp2-2 (n = 55, 48.2 %) and Hp2-1 (n = 53, 46.5 %) were the predominant phenotypes. Significant reductions were observed in serum Hp, IL-6, TNF-α, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL, BMI, and fat mass (FM), while a significant elevation was observed in serum CD163, HDL, and IL-10 at the end of the IF month for the whole population. Based on the Hp polymorphism, significant decreases in Hp, BMI, FM, TG, LDL, and TNF-α, with significant increases in HDL and CD163 levels were observed among subjects with Hp2-2 and Hp2-1 phenotypes. A more pronounced reduction in FM was reported in subjects with Hp2-2 in comparison with Hp2-1. CONCLUSION Hp gene polymorphism modulates IF-induced changes in cardiometabolic markers. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN18205186; https://trialsearch.who.int/?TrialID=ISRCTN18205186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rasha E Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Sherif
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Dana N Abdelrahim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haitham A Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Bahrain; College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain
| | - Katia Abu Shihab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - MoezAlIslam E Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Ceylani T, Teker HT, Samgane G, Gurbanov R. Intermittent fasting-induced biomolecular modifications in rat tissues detected by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Once-daily feeding is associated with better health in companion dogs: results from the Dog Aging Project. GeroScience 2022; 44:1779-1790. [PMID: 35484470 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of diets have been studied for possible anti-aging effects. In particular, studies of intermittent fasting and time-restricted feeding in laboratory rodents have found evidence of beneficial health outcomes. Companion dogs represent a unique opportunity to study diet in a large mammal that shares human environments. The Dog Aging Project has been collecting data on thousands of companion dogs of all different ages, sizes, and breeds since 2019. We leveraged this diverse cross-sectional dataset to investigate associations between feeding frequency and cognitive function (n = 10,474) as well as nine broad categories of health conditions (n = 24,238). Controlling for sex, age, breed, and other potential confounders, we found that dogs fed once daily rather than more frequently had lower mean scores on a cognitive dysfunction scale, and lower odds of having gastrointestinal, dental, orthopedic, kidney/urinary, and liver/pancreas disorders. Therefore, we find that once-daily feeding is associated with better health in multiple domains. Future research with longitudinal data can provide stronger evidence for a possible causal effect of feeding frequency on health in companion dogs.
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12
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Perez-Montilla JJ, Cuevas-Cervera M, Gonzalez-Muñoz A, Garcia-Rios MC, Navarro-Ledesma S. Efficacy of Nutritional Strategies on the Improvement of the Performance and Health of the Athlete: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074240. [PMID: 35409921 PMCID: PMC8998415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that the use of food strategies can impact health, but a clear consensus about how the effects of different food strategies impact improvement in the athlete’s performance and health remain unclear. This study evaluated how food strategies, specifically intermittent fasting and a ketogenic diet affect health and performance in healthy athletes. Study selection for this review was based on clinical trial studies analyzing changes in performance and health in athletes. The Pubmed, Web of Science, PEDro, Dialnet, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest, Medline and Cochrane databases were searched. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, PEDro Internal Validity Scale (IVS) and Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a variety of fields (QUALSYT) checklists were used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. Articles were selected based on criteria concerning the effectiveness of nutritional strategies on athletes’ performance; articles should be randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or uncontrolled clinical trials; they should be human studies and they should have been published less than 7 years ago. A total of 15 articles were evaluated, 8 randomised clinical trials and 7 non-randomized clinical studies, with 411 participants who satisfied our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The results of the study showed intermittent fasting and time-restricted feeding as strategies that produce health benefits. On the other hand, the ketogenic diet did not reach an appropriate consensus. The articles presented a medium level of methodological quality in the PEDro scale, low quality in IVS scale and high quality in QUALSYT scale. Despite the lack of studies analyzing changes in the performance and health of athletes after the use of different nutritional strategies, intermittent fasting and time-restricted feeding should be considered since they seem to be effective, and further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Javier Perez-Montilla
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street, 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (J.J.P.-M.); (M.C.-C.)
| | - Maria Cuevas-Cervera
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street, 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (J.J.P.-M.); (M.C.-C.)
| | - Ana Gonzalez-Muñoz
- Clínica Ana González, Avenida Hernan Nuñez de Toledo 6, 29018 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-M.); (S.N.-L.)
| | - Maria Carmen Garcia-Rios
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street, 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (J.J.P.-M.); (M.C.-C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-M.); (S.N.-L.)
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Pickel L, Iliuta IA, Scholey J, Pei Y, Sung HK. Dietary Interventions in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:652-666. [PMID: 34755831 PMCID: PMC8970828 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the progressive growth of renal cysts, leading to the loss of functional nephrons. Recommendations for individuals with ADPKD to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle are largely similar to those for the general population. However, recent evidence from preclinical models suggests that more tightly specified dietary regimens, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and ketogenic diets, hold promise to slow disease progression, and the results of ongoing human clinical trials are eagerly awaited. These dietary interventions directly influence nutrient signaling and substrate availability in the cystic kidney, while also conferring systemic metabolic benefits. The present review focuses on the importance of local and systemic metabolism in ADPKD and summarizes current evidence for dietary interventions to slow disease progression and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Pickel
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioan-Andrei Iliuta
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Scholey
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Thakkar N, Shin YB, Sung HK. Nutritional Regulation of Mammary Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803280. [PMID: 35186923 PMCID: PMC8847692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a heterogeneous organ comprising of immune cells, surrounding adipose stromal cells, vascular cells, mammary epithelial, and cancer stem cells. In response to nutritional stimuli, dynamic interactions amongst these cell populations can be modulated, consequently leading to an alteration of the glandular function, physiology, and ultimately disease pathogenesis. For example, obesity, a chronic over-nutritional condition, is known to disrupt homeostasis within the mammary gland and increase risk of breast cancer development. In contrast, emerging evidence has demonstrated that fasting or caloric restriction can negatively impact mammary tumorigenesis. However, how fasting induces phenotypic and functional population differences in the mammary microenvironment is not well understood. In this review, we will provide a detailed overview on the effect of nutritional conditions (i.e., overnutrition or fasting) on the mammary gland microenvironment and its impact on mammary tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Thakkar
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ye Bin Shin
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hoon-Ki Sung,
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15
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Gill S, Adenan AM, Ali A, Ismail NAS. Living through the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Lessons on Dietary Behavior and Physical Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:642. [PMID: 35055469 PMCID: PMC8775925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight the spectrum on which human behavior has been affected by blanket restriction measures and on a wider scale, the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the human behaviors that have been impacted by the COVID-19 lockdown are dietary behavior and nutrition, food options and food delivery usage, physical activity and sedentary behaviors. This is important in planning effective public health strategies with minimal detriment to all subsets of society as well as improving the distribution of government aid to populations that are more severely affected. Our main purpose is to present the literature from a rapidly growing pool of scientific research to hopefully enable a better and more comprehensive understanding of the effects of this pandemic and the lessons learnt from the accompanying restrictions, as well as policy recommendations that can be made in national pandemic responses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameena Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.G.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Alia Maisara Adenan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.G.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.G.); (A.M.A.)
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16
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Teh YM, Mualif SA, Lim SK. A comprehensive insight into autophagy and its potential signaling pathways as a therapeutic target in podocyte injury. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 143:106153. [PMID: 34974186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of the glomerular filtration membrane, podocyte is terminally differentiated, structurally unique, and highly specialized in maintaining kidney function. Proteinuria caused by podocyte injury (foot process effacement) is the clinical symptom of various kidney diseases (CKD), including nephrotic syndrome. Podocyte autophagy has become a powerful therapeutic strategy target in ameliorating podocyte injury. Autophagy is known to be associated significantly with sirtuin-1, proteinuria, and podocyte injury. Various key findings in podocyte autophagy were reported in the past ten years, such as the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in podocyte autophagy impairment, podocyte autophagy-related gene, essential roles of the signaling pathways: Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)/ Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3k)/ serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt) in podocyte autophagy. These significant factors caused podocyte injury associated with autophagy impairment. Sirtuin-1 was reported to have a vital key role in mTOR signaling, 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulation, autophagy activation, and various critical pathways associated with podocyte's function and health; it has potential value to podocyte injury pathogenesis investigation. From these findings, podocyte autophagy has become an attractive therapeutic strategy to ameliorate podocyte injury, and this review will provide an in-depth review on therapeutic targets he podocyte autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Mond Teh
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Mualif
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Medical Device and Technology Centre (MEDiTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Soo Kun Lim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ealey KN, Phillips J, Sung HK. COVID-19 and obesity: fighting two pandemics with intermittent fasting. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:706-720. [PMID: 34275726 PMCID: PMC8226104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is strongly and independently associated with an increased risk of severe illness and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathophysiological changes that result from elevated body weight lead to metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation, impaired immunological responses, and multisystem disorders, which increase vulnerability to severe illness from COVID-19. While vaccination strategies are under way across the world, the second and third waves of the pandemic, along with the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains, continue to threaten the stability of medical systems worldwide. Furthermore, evidence from previous pandemics suggests that vaccines are less effective in obese individuals than in their healthy-weight counterparts over the long term. Therefore, a consideration of lifestyle changes that can boost metabolic health and immunity is critical to reduce the risk of complications and severe illness from viral infection. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms linking excess body weight with COVID-19 morbidity. We also present evidence that intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary program that has gained popularity in recent years, may be an effective strategy to improve metabolic health and immunity and thus reduce the impact of obesity on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafi N Ealey
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Joy Phillips
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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18
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Kim BH, Joo Y, Kim MS, Choe HK, Tong Q, Kwon O. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:745-756. [PMID: 34474513 PMCID: PMC8419605 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular strategy in losing weight and associated reduction in obesity-related medical complications. Overwhelming studies support metabolic improvements from intermittent fasting in blood glucose levels, cardiac and brain function, and other health benefits, in addition to weight loss. However, concerns have also been raised on side effects including muscle loss, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Of particular concern, the effect of intermittent fasting on hormonal circadian rhythms has received little attention. Given the known importance of circadian hormonal changes to normal physiology, potential detrimental effects by dysregulation of hormonal changes deserve careful discussions. In this review, we describe the changes in circadian rhythms of hormones caused by intermittent fasting. We covered major hormones commonly pathophysiologically involved in clinical endocrinology, including insulin, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids. Given that intermittent fasting could alter both the level and frequency of hormone secretion, decisions on practicing intermittent fasting should take more considerations on potential detrimental consequences versus beneficial effects pertaining to individual health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hye Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yena Joo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Han Kyoung Choe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu,
Korea
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School of UTHealth, and MD Anderson Cancer Center & UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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19
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Kendig MD, Leigh SJ, Morris MJ. Unravelling the impacts of western-style diets on brain, gut microbiota and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:233-243. [PMID: 34153343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The steady rise in the prevalence of obesity has been fostered by modern environments that reduce energy expenditure and encourage consumption of 'western'-style diets high in fat and sugar. Obesity has been consistently associated with impairments in executive function and episodic memory, while emerging evidence indicates that high-fat, high-sugar diets can impair aspects of cognition within days, even when provided intermittently. Here we review the detrimental effects of diet and obesity on cognition and the role of inflammatory and circulating factors, compromised blood-brain barrier integrity and gut microbiome changes. We next evaluate evidence for changing risk profiles across life stages (adolescence and ageing) and other populations at risk (e.g. through maternal obesity). Finally, interventions to ameliorate diet-induced cognitive deficits are discussed, including dietary shifts, exercise, and the emerging field of microbiome-targeted therapies. With evidence that poor diet and obesity impair cognition via multiple mechanisms across the human lifespan, the challenge for future research is to identify effective interventions, in addition to diet and exercise, to prevent and ameliorate adverse effects.
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20
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Yeung C, Shi IQ, Sung HK. Physiological Responses of Post-Dietary Effects: Lessons from Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020062. [PMID: 33498462 PMCID: PMC7909542 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dieting regimens such as calorie restriction (CR) are among the most commonly practiced interventions for weight management and metabolic abnormalities. Due to its independence from pharmacological agents and considerable flexibility in regimens, many individuals turn to dieting as a form of mitigation and maintenance of metabolic health. While metabolic benefits of CR have been widely studied, weight loss maintenance and metabolic benefits are reported to be lost overtime when the diet regimen has been terminated—referred to as post-dietary effects. Specifically, due to the challenges of long-term adherence and compliance to dieting, post-dietary repercussions such as body weight regain and loss of metabolic benefits pose as major factors in the efficacy of CR. Intermittent fasting (IF) regimens, which are defined by periodic energy restriction, have been deemed as more flexible, compliant, and easily adapted diet interventions that result in many metabolic benefits which resemble conventional CR diets. Many individuals find that IF regimens are easier to adhere to, resulting in fewer post-dietary effects; therefore, IF may be a more effective intervention. Unfortunately, there is a severe gap in current research regarding IF post-dietary effects. We recognize the importance of understanding the sustainability of dieting; as such, we will review the known physiological responses of CR post-dietary effects and its potential mechanisms through synthesizing lessons from both pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review aims to provide insight from a translational medicine perspective to allow for the development of more practical and effective diet interventions. We suggest more flexible and easily practiced dieting regimens such as IF due to its more adaptable and practical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Yeung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (C.Y.); (I.Q.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Irisa Qianwen Shi
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (C.Y.); (I.Q.S.)
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (C.Y.); (I.Q.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Sieck GC. Physiology in Perspective: In a World of Social Distancing. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:158-159. [PMID: 32293233 PMCID: PMC7203564 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00007.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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