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Atkinson EG, Adaway M, Horan DJ, Korff C, Klunk A, Orr AL, Ratz K, Bellido T, Plotkin LI, Robling AG, Bidwell JP. Conditional Loss of Nmp4 in Mesenchymal Stem Progenitor Cells Enhances PTH-Induced Bone Formation. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:70-85. [PMID: 36321253 PMCID: PMC9825665 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activation of bone anabolic pathways is a fruitful approach for treating severe osteoporosis, yet FDA-approved osteoanabolics, eg, parathyroid hormone (PTH), have limited efficacy. Improving their potency is a promising strategy for maximizing bone anabolic output. Nmp4 (Nuclear Matrix Protein 4) global knockout mice exhibit enhanced PTH-induced increases in trabecular bone but display no overt baseline skeletal phenotype. Nmp4 is expressed in all tissues; therefore, to determine which cell type is responsible for driving the beneficial effects of Nmp4 inhibition, we conditionally removed this gene from cells at distinct stages of osteogenic differentiation. Nmp4-floxed (Nmp4fl/fl ) mice were crossed with mice bearing one of three Cre drivers including (i) Prx1Cre+ to remove Nmp4 from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) in long bones; (ii) BglapCre+ targeting mature osteoblasts, and (iii) Dmp1Cre+ to disable Nmp4 in osteocytes. Virgin female Cre+ and Cre- mice (10 weeks of age) were sorted into cohorts by weight and genotype. Mice were administered daily injections of either human PTH 1-34 at 30 μg/kg or vehicle for 4 weeks or 7 weeks. Skeletal response was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, bone histomorphometry, and serum analysis for remodeling markers. Nmp4fl/fl ;Prx1Cre+ mice virtually phenocopied the global Nmp4-/- skeleton in the femur, ie, a mild baseline phenotype but significantly enhanced PTH-induced increase in femur trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) compared with their Nmp4fl/fl ;Prx1Cre- controls. This was not observed in the spine, where Prrx1 is not expressed. Heightened response to PTH was coincident with enhanced bone formation. Conditional loss of Nmp4 from the mature osteoblasts (Nmp4fl/fl ;BglapCre+ ) failed to increase BV/TV or enhance PTH response. However, conditional disabling of Nmp4 in osteocytes (Nmp4fl/fl ;Dmp1Cre+ ) increased BV/TV without boosting response to hormone under our experimental regimen. We conclude that Nmp4-/- Prx1-expressing MSPCs drive the improved response to PTH therapy and that this gene has stage-specific effects on osteoanabolism. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Atkinson
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Michele Adaway
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Daniel J. Horan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Angela Klunk
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Ashley L. Orr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Present Address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University Indianapolis, IN 46222
| | - Katherine Ratz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Present Address: Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University Indianapolis, IN 46222
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72205
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Lilian I. Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM
| | - Alexander G. Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM
| | - Joseph P. Bidwell
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM
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2
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Wöhner M, Pinter T, Bönelt P, Hagelkruys A, Kostanova-Poliakova D, Stadlmann J, Konieczny SF, Fischer M, Jaritz M, Busslinger M. The Xbp1-regulated transcription factor Mist1 restricts antibody secretion by restraining Blimp1 expression in plasma cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859598. [PMID: 36618345 PMCID: PMC9811352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody secretion by plasma cells provides acute and long-term protection against pathogens. The high secretion potential of plasma cells depends on the unfolded protein response, which is controlled by the transcription factor Xbp1. Here, we analyzed the Xbp1-dependent gene expression program of plasma cells and identified Bhlha15 (Mist1) as the most strongly activated Xbp1 target gene. As Mist1 plays an important role in other secretory cell types, we analyzed in detail the phenotype of Mist1-deficient plasma cells in Cd23-Cre Bhlha15 fl/fl mice under steady-state condition or upon NP-KLH immunization. Under both conditions, Mist1-deficient plasma cells were 1.4-fold reduced in number and exhibited increased IgM production and antibody secretion compared to control plasma cells. At the molecular level, Mist1 regulated a largely different set of target genes compared with Xbp1. Notably, expression of the Blimp1 protein, which is known to activate immunoglobulin gene expression and to contribute to antibody secretion, was 1.3-fold upregulated in Mist1-deficient plasma cells, which led to a moderate downregulation of most Blimp1-repressed target genes in the absence of Mist1. Importantly, a 2-fold reduction of Blimp1 (Prdm1) expression was sufficient to restore the cell number and antibody expression of plasma cells in Prdm1 Gfp/+ Cd23-Cre Bhlha15 fl/fl mice to the same level seen in control mice. Together, these data indicate that Mist1 restricts antibody secretion by restraining Blimp1 expression, which likely contributes to the viability of plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Wöhner
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Pinter
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Bönelt
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Stadlmann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen F. Konieczny
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Maria Fischer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Jaritz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Meinrad Busslinger,
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3
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Vespasiani DM, Jacobs GS, Cook LE, Brucato N, Leavesley M, Kinipi C, Ricaut FX, Cox MP, Gallego Romero I. Denisovan introgression has shaped the immune system of present-day Papuans. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010470. [PMID: 36480515 PMCID: PMC9731433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern humans have admixed with multiple archaic hominins. Papuans, in particular, owe up to 5% of their genome to Denisovans, a sister group to Neanderthals whose remains have only been identified in Siberia and Tibet. Unfortunately, the biological and evolutionary significance of these introgression events remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the function of both Denisovan and Neanderthal alleles characterised within a set of 56 genomes from Papuan individuals. By comparing the distribution of archaic and non-archaic variants we assess the consequences of archaic admixture across a multitude of different cell types and functional elements. We observe an enrichment of archaic alleles within cis-regulatory elements and transcribed regions of the genome, with Denisovan variants strongly affecting elements active within immune-related cells. We identify 16,048 and 10,032 high-confidence Denisovan and Neanderthal variants that fall within annotated cis-regulatory elements and with the potential to alter the affinity of multiple transcription factors to their cognate DNA motifs, highlighting a likely mechanism by which introgressed DNA can impact phenotypes. Lastly, we experimentally validate these predictions by testing the regulatory potential of five Denisovan variants segregating within Papuan individuals, and find that two are associated with a significant reduction of transcriptional activity in plasmid reporter assays. Together, these data provide support for a widespread contribution of archaic DNA in shaping the present levels of modern human genetic diversity, with different archaic ancestries potentially affecting multiple phenotypic traits within non-Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide M. Vespasiani
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Guy S. Jacobs
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Uniteed Kingdom
| | - Laura E. Cook
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nicolas Brucato
- Laboratoire de Evolution et Diversite Biologique, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Matthew Leavesley
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Christopher Kinipi
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - François-Xavier Ricaut
- Laboratoire de Evolution et Diversite Biologique, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Murray P. Cox
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Irene Gallego Romero
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Center for Stem Cell Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Center for Genomics, Evolution and Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail:
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4
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Zeng Y, Jin RU. Molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapies, and future perspectives for gastric cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:566-582. [PMID: 34933124 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major source of global cancer mortality with limited treatment options and poor patient survival. As our molecular understanding of gastric cancer improves, we are now beginning to recognize that these cancers are a heterogeneous group of diseases with incredibly unique pathogeneses and active oncogenic pathways. It is this molecular diversity and oftentimes lack of common oncogenic driver mutations that bestow the poor treatment responses that oncologists often face when treating gastric cancer. In this review, we will examine the treatments for gastric cancer including up-to-date molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies. We will then review the molecular subtypes of gastric cancer to highlight the diversity seen in this disease. We will then shift our discussion to basic science and gastric cancer mouse models as tools to study gastric cancer molecular heterogeneity. Furthermore, we will elaborate on a molecular process termed paligenosis and the cyclical hit model as key events during gastric cancer initiation that impart nondividing mature differentiated cells the ability to re-enter the cell cycle and accumulate disparate genomic mutations during years of chronic inflammation and injury. As our basic science understanding of gastric cancer advances, so too must our translational and clinical efforts. We will end with a discussion regarding single-cell molecular analyses and cancer organoid technologies as future translational avenues to advance our understanding of gastric cancer heterogeneity and to design precision-based gastric cancer treatments. Elucidation of interpatient and intratumor heterogeneity is the only way to advance future cancer prevention, diagnoses and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Zeng
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Ramon U Jin
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
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5
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Pahl MC, Le Coz C, Su C, Sharma P, Thomas RM, Pippin JA, Cruz Cabrera E, Johnson ME, Leonard ME, Lu S, Chesi A, Sullivan KE, Romberg N, Grant SFA, Wells AD. Implicating effector genes at COVID-19 GWAS loci using promoter-focused Capture-C in disease-relevant immune cell types. Genome Biol 2022; 23:125. [PMID: 35659055 PMCID: PMC9164584 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a broad spectrum of COVID-19 disease, from mild or no symptoms to hospitalization and death. COVID-19 disease severity has been associated with some pre-existing conditions and the magnitude of the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2, and a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the risk of critical illness revealed a significant genetic component. To gain insight into how human genetic variation attenuates or exacerbates disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection, we implicated putatively functional COVID risk variants in the cis-regulatory landscapes of human immune cell types with established roles in disease severity and used high-resolution chromatin conformation capture to map these disease-associated elements to their effector genes. RESULTS This functional genomic approach implicates 16 genes involved in viral replication, the interferon response, and inflammation. Several of these genes (PAXBP1, IFNAR2, OAS1, OAS3, TNFAIP8L1, GART) were differentially expressed in immune cells from patients with severe versus moderate COVID-19 disease, and we demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for GART in T cell-dependent antibody-producing B cell differentiation in a human tonsillar organoid model. CONCLUSIONS This study offers immunogenetic insight into the basis of COVID-19 disease severity and implicates new targets for therapeutics that limit SARS-CoV-2 infection and its resultant life-threatening inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Pahl
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carole Le Coz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chun Su
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prabhat Sharma
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajan M Thomas
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James A Pippin
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emylette Cruz Cabrera
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew E Johnson
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle E Leonard
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sumei Lu
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil Romberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Lemarié M, Chatonnet F, Caron G, Fest T. Early Emergence of Adaptive Mechanisms Sustaining Ig Production: Application to Antibody Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671998. [PMID: 33995412 PMCID: PMC8117215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapy, where artificially-produced immunoglobulins (Ig) are used to treat pathological conditions such as auto-immune diseases and cancers, is a very innovative and competitive field. Although substantial efforts have been made in recent years to obtain specific and efficient antibodies, there is still room for improvement especially when considering a precise tissular targeting or increasing antigen affinity. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular steps of terminal B cell differentiation, in which an antigen-activated B cell becomes an antibody secreting cell, may improve antibody therapy. In this review, we use our recently published data about human B cell differentiation, to show that the mechanisms necessary to adapt a metamorphosing B cell to its new secretory function appear quite early in the differentiation process i.e., at the pre-plasmablast stage. After characterizing the molecular pathways appearing at this stage, we will focus on recent findings about two main processes involved in antibody production: unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We’ll show that many genes coding for factors involved in UPR and ER stress are induced at the pre-plasmablast stage, sustaining our hypothesis. Finally, we propose to use this recently acquired knowledge to improve productivity of industrialized therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Lemarié
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Chatonnet
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Gersende Caron
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
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7
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Kassambara A, Herviou L, Ovejero S, Jourdan M, Thibaut C, Vikova V, Pasero P, Elemento O, Moreaux J. RNA-sequencing data-driven dissection of human plasma cell differentiation reveals new potential transcription regulators. Leukemia 2021; 35:1451-1462. [PMID: 33824465 PMCID: PMC8102200 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) play an important role in the adaptive immune system through a continuous production of antibodies. We have demonstrated that PC differentiation can be modeled in vitro using complex multistep culture systems reproducing sequential differentiation process occurring in vivo. Here we present a comprehensive, temporal program of gene expression data encompassing human PC differentiation (PCD) using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Our results reveal 6374 differentially expressed genes classified into four temporal gene expression patterns. A stringent pathway enrichment analysis of these gene clusters highlights known pathways but also pathways largely unknown in PCD, including the heme biosynthesis and the glutathione conjugation pathways. Additionally, our analysis revealed numerous novel transcriptional networks with significant stage-specific overexpression and potential importance in PCD, including BATF2, BHLHA15/MIST1, EZH2, WHSC1/MMSET, and BLM. We have experimentally validated a potent role for BLM in regulating cell survival and proliferation during human PCD. Taken together, this RNA-seq analysis of PCD temporal stages helped identify coexpressed gene modules with associated up/downregulated transcription regulator genes that could represent major regulatory nodes for human PC maturation. These data constitute a unique resource of human PCD gene expression programs in support of future studies for understanding the underlying mechanisms that control PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alboukadel Kassambara
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurie Herviou
- IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Ovejero
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Jourdan
- IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,University of Montpellier, UFR Medicine, Montpellier, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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8
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Mist1: a novel nuclear marker for acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:617-624. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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A single transcription factor is sufficient to induce and maintain secretory cell architecture. Genes Dev 2017; 31:154-171. [PMID: 28174210 PMCID: PMC5322730 DOI: 10.1101/gad.285684.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, Lo et al. demonstrate that cell architecture can be controlled by a developmentally regulated transcriptional program independent of the program that specifies cell identity. They show that MIST1 (BHLHA15) is a “scaling factor” that universally establishes secretory morphology in cells that perform regulated secretion, and targeted deletion of MIST1 causes dismantling of the secretory apparatus of diverse exocrine cells. We hypothesized that basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) MIST1 (BHLHA15) is a “scaling factor” that universally establishes secretory morphology in cells that perform regulated secretion. Here, we show that targeted deletion of MIST1 caused dismantling of the secretory apparatus of diverse exocrine cells. Parietal cells (PCs), whose function is to pump acid into the stomach, normally lack MIST1 and do not perform regulated secretion. Forced expression of MIST1 in PCs caused them to expand their apical cytoplasm, rearrange mitochondrial/lysosome trafficking, and generate large secretory granules. Mist1 induced a cohort of genes regulated by MIST1 in multiple organs but did not affect PC function. MIST1 bound CATATG/CAGCTG E boxes in the first intron of genes that regulate autophagosome/lysosomal degradation, mitochondrial trafficking, and amino acid metabolism. Similar alterations in cell architecture and gene expression were also caused by ectopically inducing MIST1 in vivo in hepatocytes. Thus, MIST1 is a scaling factor necessary and sufficient by itself to induce and maintain secretory cell architecture. Our results indicate that, whereas mature cell types in each organ may have unique developmental origins, cells performing similar physiological functions throughout the body share similar transcription factor-mediated architectural “blueprints.”
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10
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Weis VG, Petersen CP, Weis JA, Meyer AR, Choi E, Mills JC, Goldenring JR. Maturity and age influence chief cell ability to transdifferentiate into metaplasia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G67-G76. [PMID: 27881402 PMCID: PMC5283902 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00326.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The plasticity of gastric chief cells is exemplified by their ability to transdifferentiate into spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) after parietal cell loss. We sought to determine if chief cell maturity is a limiting factor in the capacity to transdifferentiate. Mist1-/- mice, previously shown to form only immature chief cells, were treated with DMP-777 or L635 to study the capability of these immature chief cells to transdifferentiate into a proliferative metaplastic lineage after acute parietal cell loss. Mist1-/- mice treated with DMP-777 showed fewer chief cell to SPEM transitions. Mist1-/- mice treated with L635 demonstrated significantly fewer proliferative SPEM cells compared with control mice. Thus immature chief cells were unable to transdifferentiate efficiently into SPEM after acute parietal cell loss. To determine whether chief cell age affects transdifferentiation into SPEM, we used tamoxifen to induce YFP expression in chief cells of Mist1CreER/+;RosaYFP mice and subsequently treated the cells with L635 to induce SPEM at 1 to 3.5 mo after tamoxifen treatment. After L635 treatment to induce acute parietal cell loss, 43% of all YFP-positive cells at 1 mo posttamoxifen were SPEM cells, of which 44% of these YFP-positive SPEM cells were proliferative. By 2 mo after tamoxifen induction, only 24% of marked SPEM cells were proliferating. However, by 3.5 mo after tamoxifen induction, only 12% of marked chief cells transdifferentiated into SPEM and none were proliferative. Thus, as chief cells age, they lose their ability to transdifferentiate into SPEM and proliferate. Therefore, both functional maturation and age limit chief cell plasticity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous investigations have indicated that spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) in the stomach arises from transdifferentiation of chief cells. Nevertheless, the intrinsic properties of chief cells that influence transdifferentiation have been largely unknown. We now report that the ability to transdifferentiate into SPEM is impaired in chief cells that lack full functional maturation, and as chief cells age, they lose their ability to transdifferentiate. Thus chief cell plasticity is dependent on both cell age and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G. Weis
- 2Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,5Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Christine P. Petersen
- 1Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,4Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; ,5Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Jared A. Weis
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Anne R. Meyer
- 4Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; ,5Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- 1Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,5Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Jason C. Mills
- 6Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James R. Goldenring
- 1Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,4Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; ,5Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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11
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MIST1 and PTF1 Collaborate in Feed-Forward Regulatory Loops That Maintain the Pancreatic Acinar Phenotype in Adult Mice. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2945-2955. [PMID: 27644326 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00370-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Much remains unknown regarding the regulatory networks formed by transcription factors in mature, differentiated mammalian cells in vivo, despite many studies of individual DNA-binding transcription factors. We report a constellation of feed-forward loops formed by the pancreatic transcription factors MIST1 and PTF1 that govern the differentiated phenotype of the adult pancreatic acinar cell. PTF1 is an atypical basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor complex of pancreatic acinar cells and is critical to acinar cell fate specification and differentiation. MIST1, also a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, enhances the formation and maintenance of the specialized phenotype of professional secretory cells. The MIST1 and PTF1 collaboration controls a wide range of specialized cellular processes, including secretory protein synthesis and processing, exocytosis, and homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum. PTF1 drives Mist1 transcription, and MIST1 and PTF1 bind and drive the transcription of over 100 downstream acinar genes. PTF1 binds two canonical bipartite sites within a 0.7-kb transcriptional enhancer upstream of Mist1 that are essential for the activity of the enhancer in vivo MIST1 and PTF1 coregulate target genes synergistically or additively, depending on the target transcriptional enhancer. The frequent close binding proximity of PTF1 and MIST1 in pancreatic acinar cell chromatin implies extensive collaboration although the collaboration is not dependent on a stable physical interaction.
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12
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MIST1 Links Secretion and Stress as both Target and Regulator of the Unfolded Protein Response. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2931-2944. [PMID: 27644325 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00366-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional networks that govern secretory cell specialization, including instructing cells to develop a unique cytoarchitecture, amass extensive protein synthesis machinery, and be embodied to respond to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we discovered that the secretory cell transcription factor MIST1 (Bhlha15), previously shown to be essential for cytoskeletal organization and secretory activity, also functions as a potent ER stress-inducible transcriptional regulator. Genome-wide DNA binding studies, coupled with genetic mouse models, revealed MIST1 gene targets that function along the entire breadth of the protein synthesis, processing, transport, and exocytosis networks. Additionally, key MIST1 targets are essential for alleviating ER stress in these highly specialized cells. Indeed, MIST1 functions as a coregulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) master transcription factor XBP1 for a portion of target genes that contain adjacent MIST1 and XBP1 binding sites. Interestingly, Mist1 gene expression is induced during ER stress by XBP1, but as ER stress subsides, MIST1 serves as a feedback inhibitor, directly binding the Xbp1 promoter and repressing Xbp1 transcript production. Together, our findings provide a new paradigm for XBP1-dependent UPR regulation and position MIST1 as a potential biotherapeutic for numerous human diseases.
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13
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Moore BD, Khurana SS, Huh WJ, Mills JC. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α is required for cell differentiation and homeostasis in the adult mouse gastric epithelium. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G267-75. [PMID: 27340127 PMCID: PMC5007292 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00195.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the sequential transcription factors Xbp1→Mist1 (Bhlha15) govern the ultrastructural maturation of the secretory apparatus in enzyme-secreting zymogenic chief cells (ZCs) in the gastric unit. Here we sought to identify transcriptional regulators upstream of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and MIST1. We used immunohistochemistry to characterize Hnf4α(flox/flox) adult mouse stomachs after tamoxifen-induced deletion of Hnf4α We used qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation to define the molecular interaction between hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) and Xbp1 in mouse stomach and human gastric cells. We show that HNF4α protein is expressed in pit (foveolar) cells, mucous neck cells, and zymogenic chief cells (ZCs) of the corpus gastric unit. Loss of HNF4α in adult mouse stomach led to reduced ZC size and ER content, phenocopying previously characterized effects of Xbp1 deletion. However, HNF4α(Δ/Δ) stomachs also exhibited additional phenotypes including increased proliferation in the isthmal stem cell zone and altered mucous neck cell migration, indicating a role of HNF4α in progenitor cells as well as in ZCs. HNF4α directly occupies the Xbp1 promoter locus in mouse stomach, and forced HNF4α expression increased abundance of XBP1 mRNA in human gastric cancer cells. Finally, as expected, loss of HNF4α caused decreased Xbp1 and Mist1 expression in mouse stomachs. We show that HNF4α regulates homeostatic proliferation in the gastric epithelium and is both necessary and sufficient for the upstream regulation of the Xbp1→Mist1 axis in maintenance of ZC secretory architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Moore
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shradha S. Khurana
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Won Jae Huh
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason C. Mills
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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14
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Nikesitch N, Tao C, Lai K, Killingsworth M, Bae S, Wang M, Harrison S, Roberts TL, Ling SCW. Predicting the response of multiple myeloma to the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib by evaluation of the unfolded protein response. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e432. [PMID: 27284736 PMCID: PMC5141355 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Nikesitch
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, SWS Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.,Haematology Research Group, SWS Clinical School, University of NSW, Western Sydney University, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Tao
- Haematology Research Group, SWS Clinical School, University of NSW, Western Sydney University, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Sydney South West Pathology Service, NSW Health Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Lai
- Anatomical Pathology NSWHP, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Killingsworth
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, SWS Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.,Anatomical Pathology NSWHP, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Bae
- Haematology Research Group, SWS Clinical School, University of NSW, Western Sydney University, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Wang
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Harrison
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - T L Roberts
- School of Medicine, SWS Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Medical Oncology, SWS Clinical School, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S C W Ling
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, SWS Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.,Haematology Research Group, SWS Clinical School, University of NSW, Western Sydney University, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Sydney South West Pathology Service, NSW Health Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, SWS Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Mondal D, Mathur A, Chandra PK. Tripping on TRIB3 at the junction of health, metabolic dysfunction and cancer. Biochimie 2016; 124:34-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Silencing Mist1 Gene Expression Is Essential for Recovery from Acute Pancreatitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145724. [PMID: 26717480 PMCID: PMC4696804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas are tasked with synthesizing, packaging and secreting vast quantities of pro-digestive enzymes to maintain proper metabolic homeostasis for the organism. Because the synthesis of high levels of hydrolases is potentially dangerous, the pancreas is prone to acute pancreatitis (AP), a disease that targets acinar cells, leading to acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM), inflammation and fibrosis—events that can transition into the earliest stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Despite a wealth of information concerning the broad phenotype associated with pancreatitis, little is understood regarding specific transcriptional regulatory networks that are susceptible to AP and the role these networks play in acinar cell and exocrine pancreas responses. In this study, we examined the importance of the acinar-specific maturation transcription factor MIST1 to AP damage and organ recovery. Analysis of wild-type and Mist1 conditional null mice revealed that Mist1 gene transcription and protein accumulation were dramatically reduced as acinar cells underwent ADM alterations during AP episodes. To test if loss of MIST1 function was primarily responsible for the damaged status of the organ, mice harboring a Cre-inducible Mist1 transgene (iMist1) were utilized to determine if sustained MIST1 activity could alleviate AP damage responses. Unexpectedly, constitutive iMist1 expression during AP led to a dramatic increase in organ damage followed by acinar cell death. We conclude that the transient silencing of Mist1 expression is critical for acinar cells to survive an AP episode, providing cells an opportunity to suppress their secretory function and regenerate damaged cells. The importance of MIST1 to these events suggests that modulating key pancreas transcription networks could ease clinical symptoms in patients diagnosed with pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently available plasma cell markers include CD138 and CD38. However, CD38 is not specific to plasma cells. It is also expressed by many epithelial cells and other hematopoietic cells. In addition, rare CD138-negative PCNs may be exceedingly difficult to diagnose. MIST1 is a transcription factor expressed by mouse and human neoplastic and non-neoplastic plasma cells. Our goals were to compare MIST1 expression to CD38/CD138 in neoplasms with plasmacytic differentiation, assess reactivity in normal samples and nonplasmacytic cell lineages, and to determine whether MIST1 is expressed in CD138-negative PCNs. DESIGN Eighty-five neoplasms with plasma cell differentiation [marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), plasmablastic lymphoma (PB), plasma cell neoplasm (PCN)] and 2 non-neoplastic cases (normal marrow) were tested with MIST1 immunohistochemistry. CD138/38 expression for each case was compared with MIST1 reactivity. RESULTS Plasma cells were MIST1 positive in all cases interrogated. CD38 and/or CD138 expression was reviewed in all cases and found to be concordant in 46/47 (97.8%) of tested cases, with the exception of 1 case of PB that showed MIST1 positivity and no CD138 expression. All other cell lineages were negative, with the exception of MZL and LPL, in which MIST1 highlighted a subset of the lymphocytes, with plasmacytic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS MIST1 is a sensitive and specific marker of plasmacytic differentiation. CD138+ plasma cells expressed MIST1 in all tested cases; however, 1 PB showed MIST1 positivity and no CD138 expression, suggesting MIST1 may be useful in certain CD138-negative cases. In MZL and LPL, MIST1 highlights a subset of the lymphocytes in lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation.
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18
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Capoccia BJ, Jin RU, Kong YY, Peek RM, Fassan M, Rugge M, Mills JC. The ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 1 coordinates gastrointestinal secretory cell maturation. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1475-91. [PMID: 23478405 DOI: 10.1172/jci65703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After cell fate specification, differentiating cells must amplify the specific subcellular features required for their specialized function. How cells regulate such subcellular scaling is a fundamental unanswered question. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 1 (MIB1) is required for the apical secretory apparatus established by gastric zymogenic cells as they differentiate from their progenitors. When Mib1 was deleted, death-associated protein kinase-1 (DAPK1) was rerouted to the cell base, microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) was dephosphorylated, and the apical vesicles that normally support mature secretory granules were dispersed. Consequently, secretory granules did not mature. The transcription factor MIST1 bound the first intron of Mib1 and regulated its expression. We further showed that loss of MIB1 and dismantling of the apical secretory apparatus was the earliest quantifiable aberration in zymogenic cells undergoing transition to a precancerous metaplastic state in mouse and human stomach. Our results reveal a mechanistic pathway by which cells can scale up a specific, specialized subcellular compartment to alter function during differentiation and scale it down during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Capoccia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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19
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Direnzo D, Hess DA, Damsz B, Hallett JE, Marshall B, Goswami C, Liu Y, Deering T, Macdonald RJ, Konieczny SF. Induced Mist1 expression promotes remodeling of mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:469-80. [PMID: 22510200 PMCID: PMC3664941 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Early embryogenesis involves cell fate decisions that define the body axes and establish pools of progenitor cells. Development does not stop once lineages are specified; cells continue to undergo specific maturation events, and changes in gene expression patterns lead to their unique physiological functions. Secretory pancreatic acinar cells mature postnatally to synthesize large amounts of protein, polarize, and communicate with other cells. The transcription factor MIST1 is expressed by only secretory cells and regulates maturation events. MIST1-deficient acinar cells in mice do not establish apical-basal polarity, properly position zymogen granules, or communicate with adjacent cells, disrupting pancreatic function. We investigated whether MIST1 directly induces and maintains the mature phenotype of acinar cells. METHODS We analyzed the effects of Cre-mediated expression of Mist1 in adult Mist1-deficient (Mist1(KO)) mice. Pancreatic tissues were collected and analyzed by light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Primary acini were isolated from mice and analyzed in amylase secretion assays. RESULTS Induced expression of Mist1 in adult Mist1(KO) mice restored wild-type gene expression patterns in acinar cells. The acinar cells changed phenotypes, establishing apical-basal polarity, increasing the size of zymogen granules, reorganizing the cytoskeletal network, communicating intercellularly (by synthesizing gap junctions), and undergoing exocytosis. CONCLUSIONS The exocrine pancreas of adult mice can be remodeled by re-expression of the transcription factor MIST1. MIST1 regulates acinar cell maturation and might be used to repair damaged pancreata in patients with pancreatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Direnzo
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - David A. Hess
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Barbara Damsz
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Judy E. Hallett
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Brett Marshall
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Chirayu Goswami
- Laboratory for Computational Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Laboratory for Computational Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tye Deering
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Raymond J. Macdonald
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stephen F. Konieczny
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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20
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Mills JC, Taghert PH. Scaling factors: transcription factors regulating subcellular domains. Bioessays 2011; 34:10-6. [PMID: 22028036 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Developing cells acquire mature fates in part by selective (i.e. qualitatively different) expression of a few cell-specific genes. However, all cells share the same basic repertoire of molecular and subcellular building blocks. Therefore, cells must also specialize according to quantitative differences in cell-specific distributions of those common molecular resources. Here we propose the novel hypothesis that evolutionarily-conserved transcription factors called scaling factors (SFs) regulate quantitative differences among mature cell types. SFs: (1) are induced during late stages of cell maturation; (2) are dedicated to specific subcellular domains; and, thus, (3) allow cells to emphasize specific subcellular features. We identify candidate SFs and discuss one in detail: MIST1 (BHLHA15, vertebrates)/DIMM (CG8667, Drosophila); professional secretory cells use this SF to scale up regulated secretion. Because cells use SFs to develop their mature properties and also to adapt them to ever-changing environmental conditions, SF aberrations likely contribute to diseases of adult onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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