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Ghulam Mohyuddin S, Liang Y, Xia Y, Wang M, Zhang H, Li M, Yang Z, A. Karrow N, Mao Y. Identification and Classification of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Mammary Gland of the Holstein Cow. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13585. [PMID: 37686392 PMCID: PMC10487475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammary glands, responsible for milk secretion, are regulated at a local level by various hormones, growth factors, non-coding RNAs, and other elements. Recent research has discovered the presence of lncRNAs in these glands, with suggestions that they may be essential for the maintenance and function of mammary glands. Besides directly controlling the gene and protein expression, lncRNAs are believed to play a significant part in numerous physiological and pathological processes. This study focused on examining the mammary gland tissues of Chinese Holstein cows, to identify and categorize long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The research intended to distinguish lncRNAs in the mammary tissues of Holstein cows and contrast them between lactation and non-lactation periods. In this study, mammary gland tissues were sampled from three Holstein cows in early lactation (n = 3, 30 days postpartum) and non-lactation (n = 3, 315 days postpartum) on a large dairy farm in Jiangsu province. Mammary tissue samples were collected during early lactation and again during non-lactation. In total, we detected 1905 lncRNAs, with 57.3% being 500 bp and 612 intronic lncRNAs. The exon count for lncRNAs varied from 2 to 10. It was observed that 96 lncRNA expressions markedly differed between the two stages, with 83 genes being upregulated and 53 downregulated. Enrichment analysis results revealed that Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was primarily abundant in cellular processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that target genes were predominantly abundant in metabolic pathways, fatty acid biosynthesis, the immune system, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. This study analyzed the expression profile and characteristics of lncRNAs in the mammary gland tissues of Holstein cows during both lactation and non-lactation stages, forming a foundation for further investigation into the functional roles of lncRNAs in Holstein cows throughout lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ghulam Mohyuddin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.G.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.G.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuxin Xia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.G.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V-0A6, Canada
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.G.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingxun Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.G.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.G.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G-2W1, Canada
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.G.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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2
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Oyelami FO, Usman T, Suravajhala P, Ali N, Do DN. Emerging Roles of Noncoding RNAs in Bovine Mastitis Diseases. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091009. [PMID: 36145441 PMCID: PMC9501195 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an abundant class of RNA with varying nucleotide lengths. They have been shown to have great potential in eutherians/human disease diagnosis and treatments and are now gaining more importance for the improvement of diseases in livestock. To date, thousands of ncRNAs have been discovered in the bovine genome and the continuous advancement in deep sequencing technologies and various bioinformatics tools has enabled the elucidation of their roles in bovine health. Among farm animals' diseases, mastitis, a common inflammatory disease in cattle, has caused devastating economic losses to dairy farmers over the last few decades. Here, we summarize the biology of bovine mastitis and comprehensively discuss the roles of ncRNAs in different types of mastitis infection. Based on our findings and relevant literature, we highlighted various evidence of ncRNA roles in mastitis. Different approaches (in vivo versus in vitro) for exploring ncRNA roles in mastitis are emphasized. More particularly, the potential applications of emerging genome editing technologies, as well as integrated omics platforms for ncRNA studies and implications for mastitis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour Oluwapelumi Oyelami
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, KP, Pakistan
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana 690525, Kerala, India
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, KP, Pakistan
| | - Duy N. Do
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-9029578789
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3
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McLoughlin KE, Correia CN, Browne JA, Magee DA, Nalpas NC, Rue-Albrecht K, Whelan AO, Villarreal-Ramos B, Vordermeier HM, Gormley E, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE. RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis of Peripheral Blood From Cattle Infected With Mycobacterium bovis Across an Experimental Time Course. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:662002. [PMID: 34124223 PMCID: PMC8193354 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.662002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis, caused by infection with members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, particularly Mycobacterium bovis, is a major endemic disease affecting cattle populations worldwide, despite the implementation of stringent surveillance and control programs in many countries. The development of high-throughput functional genomics technologies, including RNA sequencing, has enabled detailed analysis of the host transcriptome to M. bovis infection, particularly at the macrophage and peripheral blood level. In the present study, we have analysed the transcriptome of bovine whole peripheral blood samples collected at −1 week pre-infection and +1, +2, +6, +10, and +12 weeks post-infection time points. Differentially expressed genes were catalogued and evaluated at each post-infection time point relative to the −1 week pre-infection time point and used for the identification of putative candidate host transcriptional biomarkers for M. bovis infection. Differentially expressed gene sets were also used for examination of cellular pathways associated with the host response to M. bovis infection, construction of de novo gene interaction networks enriched for host differentially expressed genes, and time-series analyses to identify functionally important groups of genes displaying similar patterns of expression across the infection time course. A notable outcome of these analyses was identification of a 19-gene transcriptional biosignature of infection consisting of genes increased in expression across the time course from +1 week to +12 weeks post-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E McLoughlin
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carolina N Correia
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Magee
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicolas C Nalpas
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Rue-Albrecht
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam O Whelan
- TB Immunology and Vaccinology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos
- TB Immunology and Vaccinology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - H Martin Vordermeier
- TB Immunology and Vaccinology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eamonn Gormley
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Kuhn MJ, Mavangira V, Sordillo LM. Invited review: Cytochrome P450 enzyme involvement in health and inflammatory-based diseases of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1276-1290. [PMID: 33358163 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cattle are at the greatest risk of developing diseases around the time of calving because of compromised immune responses and the occurrence of oxidative stress. Both the development of compromised immunity and oxidative stress are influenced directly or indirectly by the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and fat-soluble vitamins. The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family of enzymes is central to the metabolism of both classes of these compounds, but to date, the importance of CYP450 in the health of dairy cattle is underappreciated. As certain CYP450 isoforms metabolize both PUFA and fat-soluble vitamins, potential interactions may occur between PUFA and fat-soluble vitamins that are largely unexplored. For example, one CYP450 that generates anti-inflammatory oxylipids from arachidonic acid additionally contributes to the activation of vitamin D. Other potential substrate interactions between PUFA and vitamins A and E may exist as well. The intersection of PUFA and fat-soluble vitamin metabolism by CYP450 suggest that this enzyme system could provide an understanding of how immune function and oxidant status interconnect, resulting in increased postpartum disease occurrence. This review will detail the known contributions of bovine CYP450 to the regulation of oxylipids with a focus on enzymes that may also be involved in the metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E that contribute to antioxidant defenses. Although the activity of specific CYP450 is generally conserved among mammals, important differences exist in cattle, such as the isoforms primarily responsible for activation of vitamin D that makes their specific study in cattle of great importance. Additionally, a CYP450-driven inflammatory positive feedback loop is proposed, which may contribute to the dysfunctional inflammatory responses commonly found during the transition period. Establishing the individual enzyme isoform contributions to oxylipid biosynthesis and the regulation of vitamins A, D, and E may reveal how the CYP450 family of enzymes can affect inflammatory responses during times of increased susceptibility to disease. Determining the potential effect of each CYP450 on disease susceptibility or pathogenesis may allow for the targeted manipulation of the CYP450 pathways to influence specific immune responses and antioxidant defenses during times of increased risk for health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kuhn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - V Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - L M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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5
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Wang D, Liu L, Augustino SMA, Duan T, Hall TJ, MacHugh DE, Dou J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yu Y. Identification of novel molecular markers of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus using gene expression profiling in two consecutive generations of Chinese Holstein dairy cattle. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 32944235 PMCID: PMC7488426 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mastitis in dairy cows caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a major problem hindering economic growth in dairy farms worldwide. It is difficult to prevent or eliminate due to its asymptomatic nature and long persistence of infection. Although transcriptomic responses of bovine mammary gland cells to pathogens that cause mastitis have been studied, the common responses of peripheral blood leukocytes to S. aureus infection across two consecutive generations of dairy cattle have not been investigated. Methods In the current study, RNA-Seq was used to profile the transcriptomes of peripheral blood leukocytes sampled from S. aureus-infected mothers and their S. aureus-infected daughters, and also healthy non-infected mothers and their healthy daughters. Differential gene expression was evaluated as follows: 1) S. aureus-infected cows versus healthy non-infected cows (S vs. H, which include all the mothers and daughters), 2) S. aureus-infected mothers versus healthy non-infected mothers (SM vs. HM), and 3) S. aureus-infected daughters versus healthy non-infected daughters (SMD vs. HMD). Results Analysis of all identified expressed genes in the four groups (SM, SMD, HM, and HMD) showed that EPOR, IL9, IFNL3, CCL26, IL26 were exclusively expressed in both the HM and HMD groups, and that they were significantly (P < 0.05) enriched for the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. A total of 17, 13 and 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (FDR Padj. < 0.1 and |FC| > 1.2) were detected in the three comparisons, respectively. DEGs with P < 0.05 and |FC| > 2 were used for functional enrichment analyses. For the S vs. H comparison, DEGs detected included CCL20, IL13 and MMP3, which are associated with the IL-17 signaling pathway. In the SM vs. HM and SMD vs. HMD comparisons, five (BLA-DQB, C1R, C2, FCGR1A, and KRT10) and six (BLA-DQB, C3AR1, CFI, FCAR, FCGR3A, and LOC10498484) genes, respectively, were involved in the S. aureus infection pathway. Conclusions Our study provides insights into the transcriptomic responses of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes across two generations of cattle naturally infected with S. aureus. The genes highlighted in this study could serve as expression biomarkers for mastitis and may also contain sequence variation that can be used for genetic improvement of dairy cattle for resilience to mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.,UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 China
| | - Serafino M A Augustino
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Tao Duan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Thomas J Hall
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8 Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | - Jinhuan Dou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yachun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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6
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Bacterial Endotoxins and Their Role in Periparturient Diseases of Dairy Cows: Mucosal Vaccine Perspectives. DAIRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy1010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the periparturient period there is a significant increase in the incidence of multiple metabolic and infectious diseases in dairy cows. Dairy cows are fed high-grain diets immediately after calving to support production of large amounts of milk. Mounting evidence indicates these types of diets are associated with the release of high amounts of endotoxins in the rumen fluid. If infected, the udder and uterus additionally become important sources of endotoxins during the postpartum period. There is increasing evidence that endotoxins translocate from rumen, uterus, or udder into the systemic circulation and trigger chronic low-grade inflammatory conditions associated with multiple diseases including fatty liver, mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, laminitis, displaced abomasum, milk fever, and downer cow syndrome. Interestingly, endotoxin-related diseases are triggered by a bacterial component and not by a specific bacterium. This makes prevention of these type of diseases different from classical infectious diseases. Prevention of translocation of endotoxins into the host systemic circulation needs to take priority and this could be achieved with a new approach: mucosal vaccination. In this review article, we discuss all the aforementioned issues in detail and also report some of our trials with regards to mucosal vaccination of periparturient dairy cows.
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7
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Heimes A, Brodhagen J, Weikard R, Seyfert HM, Becker D, Meyerholz MM, Petzl W, Zerbe H, Hoedemaker M, Rohmeier L, Schuberth HJ, Schmicke M, Engelmann S, Kühn C. Hepatic Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Divergent Pathogen-Specific Targeting-Strategies to Modulate the Innate Immune System in Response to Intramammary Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:715. [PMID: 32411137 PMCID: PMC7202451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the major risks for public health and animal welfare in the dairy industry. Two of the most important pathogens to cause mastitis in dairy cattle are Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). While S. aureus generally induces a chronic and subclinical mastitis, E. coli is an important etiological pathogen resulting in an acute and clinical mastitis. The liver plays a central role in both, the metabolic and inflammatory physiology of the dairy cow, which is particularly challenged in the early lactation due to high metabolic and immunological demands. In the current study, we challenged the mammary glands of Holstein cows with S. aureus or E. coli, respectively, mimicking an early lactation infection. We compared the animals' liver transcriptomes with those of untreated controls to investigate the hepatic response of the individuals. Both, S. aureus and E. coli elicited systemic effects on the host after intramammary challenge and seemed to use pathogen-specific targeting strategies to bypass the innate immune system. The most striking result of our study is that we demonstrate for the first time that S. aureus intramammary challenge causes an immune response beyond the original local site of the mastitis. We found that in the peripheral liver tissue defined biological pathways are switched on in a coordinated manner to balance the immune response in the entire organism. TGFB1 signaling plays a crucial role in this context. Important pathways involving actin and integrin, key components of the cytoskeleton, were downregulated in the liver of S. aureus infected cows. In the hepatic transcriptome of E. coli infected cows, important components of the complement system were significantly lower expressed compared to the control cows. Notably, while S. aureus inhibits the cell signaling by Rho GTPases in the liver, E. coli switches the complement system off. Also, metabolic hepatic pathways (e.g., lipid metabolism) are affected after mammary gland challenge, demonstrating that the liver restricts metabolic tasks in favor of the predominant immune response after infection. Our results provide new insights for the infection-induced modifications of the dairy cow's hepatic transcriptome following mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Heimes
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Brodhagen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Weikard
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Seyfert
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Doreen Becker
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Marie M Meyerholz
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Wolfram Petzl
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Holm Zerbe
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Martina Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Laura Rohmeier
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Marion Schmicke
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Susanne Engelmann
- Technical University Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Brunswick, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Christa Kühn
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Agricultural and Environmental Faculty, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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8
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Venkidasamy B, Thiruvengadam M, Thirupathi P, Subramanian U. Inhibition of histone deacetylases is the major pathway mediated by astaxanthin to antagonize LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mammary epithelial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22507. [PMID: 32770857 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is a major inflammatory response of the mammary gland due to various pathogenic invasions and is a serious disease that affects the production yield and health status of cows. Astaxanthin (AST), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a secondary metabolite synthesized by microalgae and yeasts that has been reported to suppress various inflammatory responses. However, the protective effect of AST on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mammary epithelial cells has not yet been reported. The present study results indicated that AST treatment markedly attenuated the oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide (NO) while improving the anti-oxidant enzymes in LPS exposed cells. On the other hand, LPS-exposed cells showed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) with the activation of inflammatory cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, mRNA expression analysis revealed that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) -1, -2, -3, -6, -7 and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) expressions were increased in the LPS group. Furthermore, the activity of HDAC was increased to 2-fold with a significant reduction in the histone acetyltransferase activity in cells exposed to LPS. However, AST was able to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB with attenuated HDAC activity. Intriguingly, HDAC inhibition studies demonstrated that the cytokines such as IL-4, IL-8, granulocyte-mcrophage colony stimulating factor, C-reactive protein, IL-17A, and IL-22 were significantly suppressed which were upregulated in LPS treatment; while AST was found acting by improving the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and thioredoxin reductase levels. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the role of HDACs in regulating cellular processes involved in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced mastitis as well as the potential use of AST as a therapeutic in treatment for controlling disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Prabhu Thirupathi
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umadevi Subramanian
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Lai YC, Lai YT, Rahman MM, Chen HW, Husna AA, Fujikawa T, Ando T, Kitahara G, Koiwa M, Kubota C, Miura N. Bovine milk transcriptome analysis reveals microRNAs and RNU2 involved in mastitis. FEBS J 2019; 287:1899-1918. [PMID: 31663680 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is a common inflammatory infectious disease in dairy cows. To understand the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile changes during bovine mastitis, we undertook a genome-wide miRNA study of normal milk and milk that tested positive on the California mastitis test for bovine mastitis (CMT+). Twenty-five miRNAs were differentially expressed (23 miRNAs upregulated and two downregulated) during bovine mastitis relative to their expression in normal milk. Upregulated mature miR-1246 probably derived from a U2 small nuclear RNA rather than an miR-1246 precursor. The significantly upregulated miRNA precursors and RNU2 were significantly enriched on bovine chromosome 19, which is homologous to human chromosome 17. A gene ontology analysis of the putative mRNA targets of the significantly upregulated miRNAs showed that these miRNAs were involved in binding target mRNA transcripts and regulating target gene expression, and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the upregulated miRNAs were predominantly related to cancer and immune system pathways. Three novel miRNAs were associated with bovine mastitis and were relatively highly expressed in milk. We confirmed that one of the novel mastitis-related miRNAs was significantly upregulated using a digital PCR system. The differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in human cancers, infections, and immune-related diseases. The genome-wide analysis of miRNA profiles in this study provides insight into bovine mastitis and inflammatory diseases. DATABASES: The miRNAseq generated for this study can be found in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under BioProject Number PRJNA421075 and SRA Study Number SRP126134 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA421075).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Lai
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | | | - Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Al Asmaul Husna
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Japan
| | - Takuro Fujikawa
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ando
- Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Go Kitahara
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masateru Koiwa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Chikara Kubota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Naoki Miura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
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10
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MicroRNA-guided prioritization of genome-wide association signals reveals the importance of microRNA-target gene networks for complex traits in cattle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9345. [PMID: 29921979 PMCID: PMC6008395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are key modulators of gene expression and so act as putative fine-tuners of complex phenotypes. Here, we hypothesized that causal variants of complex traits are enriched in miRNAs and miRNA-target networks. First, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for seven functional and milk production traits using imputed sequence variants (13~15 million) and >10,000 animals from three dairy cattle breeds, i.e., Holstein (HOL), Nordic red cattle (RDC) and Jersey (JER). Second, we analyzed for enrichments of association signals in miRNAs and their miRNA-target networks. Our results demonstrated that genomic regions harboring miRNA genes were significantly (P < 0.05) enriched with GWAS signals for milk production traits and mastitis, and that enrichments within miRNA-target gene networks were significantly higher than in random gene-sets for the majority of traits. Furthermore, most between-trait and across-breed correlations of enrichments with miRNA-target networks were significantly greater than with random gene-sets, suggesting pleiotropic effects of miRNAs. Intriguingly, genes that were differentially expressed in response to mammary gland infections were significantly enriched in the miRNA-target networks associated with mastitis. All these findings were consistent across three breeds. Collectively, our observations demonstrate the importance of miRNAs and their targets for the expression of complex traits.
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11
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Zhang Q, White HM. Regulation of inflammation, antioxidant production, and methyl-carbon metabolism during methionine supplementation in lipopolysaccharide-challenged neonatal bovine hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8565-8577. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Mavangira V, Sordillo LM. Role of lipid mediators in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in dairy cattle. Res Vet Sci 2017; 116:4-14. [PMID: 28807478 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periparturient dairy cows experience an increased incidence and severity of several inflammatory-based diseases such as mastitis and metritis. Factors associated with the physiological adaptation to the onset of lactation can impact the efficiency of the inflammatory response at a time when it is most needed to eliminate infectious pathogens that cause these economically important diseases. Oxidative stress, for example, occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of oxygen radicals during periods of high metabolic demand and the reduced capabilities of the host's antioxidant defenses. The progressive development of oxidative stress in early lactation cows is thought to be a significant underlying factor leading to dysfunctional inflammatory responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also produced by leukocytes during inflammation resulting in positive feedback loops that can further escalate oxidative stress during the periparturient period. During oxidative stress, ROS can modify polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) associated with cellular membranes, resulting in the biosynthesis of oxidized products called oxylipids. Depending on the PUFA substrate and oxidation pathway, oxylipids have the capacity of either enhancing or resolving inflammation. In mediating their effects, oxylipids can directly or indirectly target sites of ROS production and thus control the degree of oxidative stress. This review discusses the evidence supporting the roles of oxylipids in the regulation of oxidative stress and the subsequent development of uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Further, the utility of some of the oxylipids as oxidative stress markers that can be exploited in developing and monitoring therapies for inflammatory-based diseases in dairy cattle is discussed. Understanding of the link between some oxylipids and the development or resolution of oxidative stress could provide novel therapeutic targets to limit immunopathology, reduce antibiotic usage, and optimize the resolution of inflammatory-based diseases in periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, United States
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, United States.
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13
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Fang L, Sahana G, Su G, Yu Y, Zhang S, Lund MS, Sørensen P. Integrating Sequence-based GWAS and RNA-Seq Provides Novel Insights into the Genetic Basis of Mastitis and Milk Production in Dairy Cattle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45560. [PMID: 28358110 PMCID: PMC5372096 DOI: 10.1038/srep45560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Connecting genome-wide association study (GWAS) to biological mechanisms underlying complex traits is a major challenge. Mastitis resistance and milk production are complex traits of economic importance in the dairy sector and are associated with intra-mammary infection (IMI). Here, we integrated IMI-relevant RNA-Seq data from Holstein cattle and sequence-based GWAS data from three dairy cattle breeds (i.e., Holstein, Nordic red cattle, and Jersey) to explore the genetic basis of mastitis resistance and milk production using post-GWAS analyses and a genomic feature linear mixed model. At 24 h post-IMI, genes responsive to IMI in the mammary gland were preferentially enriched for genetic variants associated with mastitis resistance rather than milk production. Response genes in the liver were mainly enriched for variants associated with mastitis resistance at an early time point (3 h) post-IMI, whereas responsive genes at later stages were enriched for associated variants with milk production. The up- and down-regulated genes were enriched for associated variants with mastitis resistance and milk production, respectively. The patterns were consistent across breeds, indicating that different breeds shared similarities in the genetic basis of these traits. Our approaches provide a framework for integrating multiple layers of data to understand the genetic architecture underlying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhao Fang
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Goutam Sahana
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Guosheng Su
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Mogens Sandø Lund
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter Sørensen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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14
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Moyes KM, Sørensen P, Bionaz M. The Impact of Intramammary Escherichia coli Challenge on Liver and Mammary Transcriptome and Cross-Talk in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Using RNAseq. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157480. [PMID: 27336699 PMCID: PMC4919052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to identify the biological response and the cross-talk between liver and mammary tissue after intramammary infection (IMI) with Escherichia coli (E. coli) using RNAseq technology. Sixteen cows were inoculated with live E. coli into one mammary quarter at ~4–6 weeks in lactation. For all cows, biopsies were performed at -144, 12 and 24 h relative to IMI in liver and at 24 h post-IMI in infected and non-infected (control) mammary quarters. For a subset of cows (n = 6), RNA was extracted from both liver and mammary tissue and sequenced using a 100 bp paired-end approach. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and the Dynamic Impact Approach analysis of differentially expressed genes (overall effect False Discovery Rate≤0.05) indicated that IMI induced an overall activation of inflammation at 12 h post-IMI and a strong inhibition of metabolism, especially related to lipid, glucose, and xenobiotics at 24 h post-IMI in liver. The data indicated in mammary tissue an overall induction of inflammatory response with little effect on metabolism at 24 h post-IMI. We identified a large number of up-stream regulators potentially involved in the response to IMI in both tissues but a relatively small core network of transcription factors controlling the response to IMI for liver whereas a large network in mammary tissue. Transcriptomic results in liver and mammary tissue were supported by changes in inflammatory and metabolic mediators in blood and milk. The analysis of potential cross-talk between the two tissues during IMI uncovered a large communication from the mammary tissue to the liver to coordinate the inflammatory response but a relatively small communication from the liver to the mammary tissue. Our results indicate a strong induction of the inflammatory response in mammary tissue and impairment of liver metabolism 24h post-IMI partly driven by the signaling from infected mammary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KMM); (MB)
| | - P. Sørensen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M. Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KMM); (MB)
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15
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Eckel EF, Ametaj BN. Invited review: Role of bacterial endotoxins in the etiopathogenesis of periparturient diseases of transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5967-5990. [PMID: 27209132 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The dairy industry continues to suffer severe economic losses due to the increased disease incidence cows experience during the transition period. It has long been the classical view that the major contributing factor to the development of these periparturient diseases is the considerable increase in nutritional demands for milk production. This classical view, however, fails to account for the substantial correlation between both metabolic and infectious diseases and the detrimental effects that can occur with the provision of high-energy diets to support these nutritional demands. Currently, increasing evidence implicates bacterial endotoxins in the etiopathology of most periparturient diseases. Bacterial endotoxins are components of the outer cell wall of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that are highly immunostimulatory and can trigger proinflammatory immune responses. The ability of endotoxins to translocate from the mucosal tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, mammary gland, and uterus, into the systemic circulation has been observed. Once they have entered the circulation, endotoxins potentially contribute to disease either directly, through eliciting an inflammatory response, or indirectly through other factors such as the overreaction of the natural protective mechanisms of the host. Although the evidence implicating a role of endotoxins in the pathogenesis of transition diseases continues to grow, our current knowledge of the host response to mucosal endotoxin exposure and pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Developing our understanding of the connection between endotoxemia and dairy cattle disease holds significant potential for the future development of preventative measures that could benefit the productivity of the dairy industry as well as animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Eckel
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Burim N Ametaj
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
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16
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Moyes KM. TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Nutrient partitioning during intramammary inflammation: A key to severity of mastitis and risk of subsequent diseases?1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:5586-93. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Garcia M, Bequette B, Moyes K. Hepatic metabolic response of Holstein cows in early and mid lactation is altered by nutrient supply and lipopolysaccharide in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7102-14. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Minuti A, Zhou Z, Graugnard DE, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Palladino AR, Cardoso FC, Trevisi E, Loor JJ. Acute mammary and liver transcriptome responses after an intramammary Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge in postpartal dairy cows. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/4/e12388. [PMID: 25921778 PMCID: PMC4425984 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the bovine mammary and liver transcriptome and its consequences on metabolic biomarkers and liver tissue composition. At 7 days of lactation, 7 cows served as controls (CTR) and 7 cows (LPS) received an intramammary Escherichia coli LPS challenge. The mammary and liver tissues for transcriptomic profiling were biopsied at 2.5 h from challenge. Liver composition was evaluated at 2.5 h and 7 days after challenge, and blood biomarkers were analyzed at 2, 3, 7 and 14 days from challenge. In mammary tissue, the LPS challenge resulted in 189 differentially expressed genes (DEG), with 20 down-regulated and 169 up-regulated. In liver tissue, there were 107 DEG in LPS compared with CTR with 42 down-regulated and 65 up-regulated. In mammary, bioinformatics analysis highlighted that LPS led to activation of NOD-like receptor signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, RIG-I-like receptor signaling and apoptosis pathways. In liver, LPS resulted in an overall inhibition of fatty acid elongation in mitochondria and activation of the p53 signaling pathway. The LPS challenge induced changes in liver lipid composition, a systemic inflammation (rise of blood ceruloplasmin and bilirubin), and an increase in body fat mobilization. The data suggest that cells within the inflamed mammary gland respond by activating mechanisms of pathogen recognition. However, in the liver the response likely depends on mediators originating from the udder that affect liver functionality and specifically fatty acid metabolism (β-oxidation, ketogenesis, and lipoprotein synthesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Minuti
- Istituto di Zootecnica Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Daniel E Graugnard
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Felipe C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Istituto di Zootecnica Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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19
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Zhou X, Ringseis R, Wen G, Eder K. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α stimulates expression of the carnitine transporter OCTN2 (novel organic cation transporter 2) and carnitine uptake via nuclear factor-κB in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3840-8. [PMID: 25892691 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Carnitine uptake into tissues is mediated mainly by the novel organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), whose expression is upregulated in the liver of early-lactating dairy cows. It has been shown recently that pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), stimulate OCTN2 expression and carnitine uptake in intestinal cells and inflamed intestinal mucosa. Given that many early-lactating dairy cows show typical signs of hepatic and systemic inflammation, such as elevated concentrations of circulating TNFα and activation of the key regulator of inflammation, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), in tissues, it is possible that upregulation of OCTN2 and increase of carnitine uptake by TNFα is mediated by NF-κB, a mechanism that might contribute to the upregulation of OCNT2 in the liver of early-lactating dairy cows. Thus, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that TNFα stimulates OCTN2 gene expression and carnitine uptake via NF-κB in the bovine Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line. Treatment with TNFα caused activation of NF-κB, increased the mRNA and protein concentration of OCTN2, and stimulated the uptake of carnitine in MDBK cells. In contrast, combined treatment of MDBK cells with TNFα and the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7085 completely blocked the effect of TNFα on OCTN2 mRNA and protein concentration and uptake of carnitine. These findings suggest that the bovine OCTN2 gene and carnitine uptake are regulated by NF-κB. Future studies are required to show the in vivo relevance of this regulatory mechanism in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - R Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - G Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Gießen, Germany.
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20
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Moyes KM, Larsen T, Sørensen P, Ingvartsen KL. Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:47. [PMID: 25368807 PMCID: PMC4216841 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during IMI challenge with Escherichia coli (E. coli) for dairy cows during early lactation. Thirty, healthy primiparous Holstein cows were infused (h = 0) with ~20-40 cfu of live E. coli into one front mammary quarter at ~4-6 wk in lactation. Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. At –12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h relative to challenge rectal temperatures were recorded and quarter foremilk was collected for analysis of shedding of E. coli. Composite milk samples were collected at -180, -132, -84, -36, -12, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge (h = 0) and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), somatic cell count, fat, protein, lactose, citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), free glucose (fglu), and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Blood was collected at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 60, 72, 84, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge and analyzed for plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHBA and glucose concentration. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of IMI challenge on metabolic responses of cows during early lactation. Results By 12 h, E. coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h. Rectal temperature peaked by 12 h post-challenge and returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-IMI challenge. Daily feed intake and milk yield decreased (P <0.05) by 1 and 2 d, respectively, after mastitis challenge. Plasma BHBA decreased (12 h; P <0.05) from 0.96 ± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57 ± 0.64 mmol/L by 18 h whereas concentration of plasma NEFA (18 h) and glucose (24 h) were significantly greater, 11 and 27%, respectively, after challenge. In milk, fglu, lactose, citrate, fat and protein yield were lower whereas yield of BHBA and G6P were higher after challenge when compared to pre-challenge values. Conclusions Changes in metabolites in blood and milk were most likely associated with drops in feed intake and milk yield. However, the early rise in plasma NEFA may also signify enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis. Lower concentrations of plasma BHBA may be attributed to an increase transfer into milk after IMI. Decreases in both milk lactose yield and % after challenge may be partly attributed to reduced conversion of fglu to lactose. Rises in G6P yield and concentration in milk after challenge (24 h) may signify increased conversion of fglu to G6P. Results identify changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk after IMI challenge with E. coli in dairy cows that may partly explain the partitioning of nutrients and changes in milk components after IMI for cows during early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, 142 Animal Sciences Building, MD 20742-2311, 20910 College Park, MD USA
| | - Torben Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830 Denmark
| | - Peter Sørensen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830 Denmark
| | - Klaus L Ingvartsen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830 Denmark
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21
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Ringseis R, Gessner DK, Eder K. Molecular insights into the mechanisms of liver-associated diseases in early-lactating dairy cows: hypothetical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:626-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - D. K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - K. Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
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22
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Effects of combined liver and udder biopsying on the acute phase response of dairy cows with experimentally induced E. coli mastitis. Animal 2013; 7:1721-30. [PMID: 23867091 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A minimally invasive biopsy technique was evaluated for udder tissue collection in dairy cows with Escherichia coli mastitis. Meanwhile, the effect of taking repeated liver and udder biopsies on the systemic and local acute phase response (APR) of the dairy cows was investigated during the disease. The cows were divided into a biopsy group (B) (n = 16) and a no-biopsy group (NB) (n = 16) and were sampled in the acute disease stage and in the recovery stage. The cows' pre-disease period served as a control period for establishing baseline values for the investigated parameters. A total of 32 Holstein-Friesian cows were inoculated with 20 to 40 colony-forming units (cfu) of E. coli in one front quarter at 0 hour. Liver biopsies were collected at -144, 12, 24 and 192 h, and udder biopsies were collected at 24 and 192 h post E. coli inoculation (PI) using a minimally invasive biopsy technique. Effects of combined biopsying were investigated by recording production traits, clinical response, and measuring inflammatory milk and blood parameters: E. coli, somatic cell count, milk amyloid A (MAA) levels, white blood cell count, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte numbers and serum amyloid A levels at several time points. E. coli inoculation changed all production parameters and the clinical and inflammatory response in all cows except one that was not infected. Combined biopsying had no constant or transient effect on the daily feed intake, the clinical responsiveness or the blood parameters, but affected the daily milk yield and some milk parameters transiently, that is, the presence of blood in milk, increased E. coli counts and MAA levels during the acute disease stage. Combined biopsying had no effect on the parameters in the recovery stage apart from the presence of blood in the milk. In conclusion, although, a minimally invasive biopsy technique was used, tissue damages could not be avoided when biopsying and they transiently affected the inflammatory parameters in the mammary gland. Nevertheless, we believe combined biopsying of liver and udder is as an acceptable approach to study the systemic and local APR in dairy cows during E. coli mastitis, if the timing of biopsying and other types of sampling is planned accordingly.
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23
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Khatun M, Sørensen P, Jørgensen HBH, Sahana G, Sørensen LP, Lund MS, Ingvartsen KL, Buitenhuis AJ, Vilkki J, Bjerring M, Thomasen JR, Røntved CM. Effects of Bos taurus autosome 9-located quantitative trait loci haplotypes on the disease phenotypes of dairy cows with experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:1820-33. [PMID: 23357017 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting mastitis incidence and mastitis-related traits such as somatic cell score exist in dairy cows. Previously, QTL haplotypes associated with susceptibility to Escherichia coli mastitis in Nordic Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows were identified on Bos taurus autosome 9. In the present study, we induced experimental E. coli mastitis in Danish HF cows to investigate the effect of 2 E. coli mastitis-associated QTL haplotypes on the cows' disease phenotypes and recovery in early lactation. Thirty-two cows were divided in 2 groups bearing haplotypes with either low (HL) or high (HH) susceptibility to E. coli. In addition, biopsies (liver and udder) were collected from half of the cows (n=16), resulting in a 2 × 2 factorial design, with haplotype being one factor (HL vs. HH) and biopsy being the other factor (biopsies vs. no biopsies). Each cow was inoculated with a low E. coli dose (20 to 40 cfu) in one front quarter at time 0 h. Liver biopsies were collected at -144, 12, 24, and 192 h; udder biopsies were collected at 24h and 192 h post-E. coli inoculation. The clinical parameters: feed intake, milk yield, body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, rumen motility; and the paraclinical parameters: bacterial counts, somatic cell count (SCC), and milk amyloid A levels in milk; and white blood cell count, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (PMNL) count, and serum amyloid A levels in blood were recorded at different time points post-E. coli inoculation. Escherichia coli inoculation changed the clinical and paraclinical parameters in all cows except one that was not infected. Clinically, the HH group tended to have higher body temperature and heart rate than the HL group did. Paraclinically, the HL group had faster PMNL recruitment and SCC recovery than the HH group did. However, we also found interactions between the effects of haplotype and biopsy for body temperature, heart rate, and PMNL. In conclusion, when challenged with E. coli mastitis, HF cows with the specific Bos taurus autosome 9-located QTL haplotypes were associated with differences in leukocyte kinetics, with low-susceptibility cows having faster blood PMNL recruitment and SCC recovery and a tendency for a milder clinical response than the high-susceptibility cows did.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khatun
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, PO Box 50, DK-8300 Tjele, Denmark
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