1
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MacKenzie SM, Birch LA, Lamprou S, Rezvanisanijouybari P, Fayad M, Zennaro MC, Davies E. MicroRNAs in aldosterone production and action. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 124:137-163. [PMID: 38408798 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Aldosterone is a cardiovascular hormone with a key role in blood pressure regulation, among other processes, mediated through its targeting of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the renal tubule and selected other tissues. Its secretion from the adrenal gland is a highly controlled process subject to regulatory influence from the renin-angiotensin system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. MicroRNAs are small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules capable of regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally through stimulation of mRNA degradation or suppression of translation. Several studies have now identified that microRNA levels are changed in cases of aldosterone dysregulation and that microRNAs are capable of regulating the expression of various genes involved in aldosterone production and action. In this article we summarise the major studies concerning this topic. We also discuss the potential role for circulating microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for primary aldosteronism, a highly treatable form of secondary hypertension, which would be highly desirable given the current underdiagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M MacKenzie
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Lara A Birch
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stelios Lamprou
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Parisa Rezvanisanijouybari
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - May Fayad
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Christina Zennaro
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Eleanor Davies
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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2
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Mogi M. Aldosterone breakthrough from a pharmacological perspective. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:967-975. [PMID: 35422512 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone (Aldo) breakthrough is a well-known phenomenon that occurs in patients with long-term renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade using inhibitors of renin or angiotensin converting enzyme or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers. The blockade of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), an Aldo binding receptor, is effective in managing patients with resistant hypertension, defined as uncontrollable blood pressure despite the concurrent use of three antihypertensive drugs. In other words, MR inhibitors are not used as first-line antihypertensive drugs in most guidelines for hypertension management. Aldo breakthrough puts hypertensive patients at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and worsens future outcomes. This review discusses Aldo secretion and the mechanism of Aldo breakthrough, dependent or independent of the RAAS, with consideration of the pharmacological aspects of this phenomenon, as well as hypothetical views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Tohon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
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3
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Bian W, Jiang XX, Wang Z, Zhu YR, Zhang H, Li X, Liu Z, Xiong J, Zhang DM. Comprehensive analysis of the ceRNA network in coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24279. [PMID: 34930980 PMCID: PMC8688464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid aging of the population, coronary artery disease (CAD) has become one of the most fatal chronic diseases. However, the genetic mechanism of CAD is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to construct the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network for CAD diseases and systematically identify differentially expressed genes in patients with coronary heart disease. In this study, two lncRNA datasets (GSE69587 and GSE113079) and a microRNA dataset (GSE105449) which contained 393 and 38 CAD samples were selected. In addition, two mRNA datasets which named GSE113079 (98 CAD samples) and GSE9820 (8 CAD samples) were selected to search the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By comparing the expression data between CAD and control samples, a total of 1111 lncRNAs, 2595 mRNAs and 22 miRNAs were identified. Based on the DEGs, a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed to explore the hub nodes in CAD. In the ceRNA network, the lncRNAs KCNQ1OT1 and H19 showed high connectivity with the nine miRNAs. GO and KEGG results showed that genes in ceRNA networks were mainly involved in nitrogen compound metabolic process, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. These findings will improve the understanding of the occurrence and development mechanism of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Rong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Bär C, Chatterjee S, Falcão Pires I, Rodrigues P, Sluijter JPG, Boon RA, Nevado RM, Andrés V, Sansonetti M, de Windt L, Ciccarelli M, Hamdani N, Heymans S, Figuinha Videira R, Tocchetti CG, Giacca M, Zacchigna S, Engelhardt S, Dimmeler S, Madonna R, Thum T. Non-coding RNAs: update on mechanisms and therapeutic targets from the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1805-1819. [PMID: 32638021 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vast parts of mammalian genomes are actively transcribed, predominantly giving rise to non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs among others. Contrary to previous opinions that most of these RNAs are non-functional molecules, they are now recognized as critical regulators of many physiological and pathological processes including those of the cardiovascular system. The discovery of functional ncRNAs has opened up new research avenues aiming at understanding ncRNA-related disease mechanisms as well as exploiting them as novel therapeutics in cardiovascular therapy. In this review, we give an update on the current progress in ncRNA research, particularly focusing on cardiovascular physiological and disease processes, which are under current investigation at the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart. This includes a range of topics such as extracellular vesicle-mediated communication, neurohormonal regulation, inflammation, cardiac remodelling, cardio-oncology as well as cardiac development and regeneration, collectively highlighting the wide-spread involvement and importance of ncRNAs in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bär
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shambhabi Chatterjee
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inês Falcão Pires
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Partner site Rhein/Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rosa M Nevado
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Marida Sansonetti
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon de Windt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Figuinha Videira
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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5
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The Impact of microRNAs in Renin-Angiotensin-System-Induced Cardiac Remodelling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094762. [PMID: 33946230 PMCID: PMC8124994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) indicates its central role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular remodelling via both hemodynamic alterations and direct growth and the proliferation effects of angiotensin II or aldosterone resulting in the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and inflammatory immune cell activation. The noncoding regulatory microRNAs has recently emerged as a completely novel approach to the study of the RAS. A growing number of microRNAs serve as mediators and/or regulators of RAS-induced cardiac remodelling by directly targeting RAS enzymes, receptors, signalling molecules, or inhibitors of signalling pathways. Specifically, microRNAs that directly modulate pro-hypertrophic, pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory signalling initiated by angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) stimulation are of particular relevance in mediating the cardiovascular effects of the RAS. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge in the field that is still in the early stage of preclinical investigation with occasionally conflicting reports. Understanding the big picture of microRNAs not only aids in the improved understanding of cardiac response to injury but also leads to better therapeutic strategies utilizing microRNAs as biomarkers, therapeutic agents and pharmacological targets.
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6
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Exercise Training-Induced Changes in MicroRNAs: Beneficial Regulatory Effects in Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113608. [PMID: 30445764 PMCID: PMC6275070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They are involved in the regulation of physiological processes, such as adaptation to physical exercise, and also in disease settings, such as systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and obesity. In SAH, microRNAs play a significant role in the regulation of key signaling pathways that lead to the hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, proliferation, and phenotypic change in smooth muscle cells, and the hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. MicroRNAs are also involved in the regulation of insulin signaling and blood glucose levels in T2D, and participate in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and adipocyte differentiation in obesity, with specific microRNA signatures involved in the pathogenesis of each disease. Many studies report the benefits promoted by exercise training in cardiovascular diseases by reducing blood pressure, glucose levels, and improving insulin signaling and lipid metabolism. The molecular mechanisms involved, however, remain poorly understood, especially regarding the participation of microRNAs in these processes. This review aimed to highlight microRNAs already known to be associated with SAH, T2D, and obesity, as well as their possible regulation by exercise training.
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7
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Zhao G. Significance of non-coding circular RNAs and micro RNAs in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. J Med Genet 2018; 55:713-720. [PMID: 30177556 PMCID: PMC6252363 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction are the most prominent cardiovascular diseases contributing significantly to death worldwide. In the majority of situations, except for surgical interventions and transplantation, there are no reliable therapeutic approaches available to address these health problem. Despite several advances that led to the development of biomarkers and therapies based on the renin–angiotensin system, adrenergic pathways, etc, more definitive and consistent biomarkers and specific target based molecular therapies are still being sought. Recent advances in the field of genomic research has helped in identifying non-coding RNAs, including circular RNAs, piRNAs, micro RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression and function and have direct impact on pathophysiological mechanisms. This new knowledge is currently being explored with much hope for the development of novel treatments and biomarkers. Circular RNAs and micro RNAs have been described in myocardium and aortic valves and were shown to be involved in the regulation of pathophysiological processes that potentially contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 32 000 human exonic circular RNAs have been catalogued and their functions are still being ascertained. In the heart, circular RNAs were shown to bind micro RNAs in a specific manner and regulate the expression of transcription factors and stress response genes, and expression of these non-coding RNAs were found to change in conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and cardiac remodelling, reflecting their significance as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we address the present state of understanding on the biogenesis, regulation and pathophysiological roles of micro and circular RNAs in cardiovascular diseases, and on the potential future perspectives on their use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Zhao
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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8
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MacKenzie SM, van Kralingen JC, Davies E. Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 109:241-263. [PMID: 30678858 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of the major mineralocorticoid aldosterone from the adrenal cortex is a tightly-regulated process enabling this hormone to regulate sodium homeostasis and thereby contribute to blood pressure control. The circulating level of aldosterone is the result of various regulatory mechanisms, the most significant being those controlled by the renin-angiotensin system and plasma potassium levels. The importance of maintaining tight control over aldosterone secretion is demonstrated by cases of dysregulation, which can result in severe hypertension and significantly increased cardiovascular risk. In this article we summarize current knowledge of the major regulatory mechanisms, focusing particularly on the systems operating within the adrenocortical zona glomerulosa cells; we also describe some of the other factors that influence aldosterone production to a lesser but still significant extent. Finally, we discuss the influence of common genetic polymorphisms on aldosterone secretion in large sections of the population and also the emerging role of microRNA as significant regulators of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M MacKenzie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Josie C van Kralingen
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Davies
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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9
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Chen YT, Wang J, Tong KS, Wong LL, Liew OW, Richards AM. The association of heart failure-related microRNAs with neurohormonal signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2031-2040. [PMID: 28065846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a widely prevalent syndrome imposing a significant burden of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Differential circulating microRNA profiles observed in HF cohorts suggest the diagnostic utility of microRNAs as biomarkers. Given their function in fine tuning gene expression, alternations in microRNA landscape could reflecting the underlying mechanisms of disease and present potential therapeutic targets. Using multiple computational target predicting algorithms together with the luciferase-based reporting platform, the interactions between HF-related microRNAs and the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of neurohormone associated genes were examined and compared. Our results indicate that although in silico prediction provides an overview of possible microRNA-mRNA target pairs, less than half of the predicted interactions were experimentally confirmed by reporter assays in HeLa cells. Thus, the establishment of microRNA/3'UTR reporters is essential to systemically evaluate the roles of microRNAs for signaling cascades of interest, including cardiovascular neurohormonal signaling. The physiological relevance of HF-related microRNAs on the expression of putative gene targets was further established by using gain-of-function assays in two human cardiac-derived cells. Our findings, for the first time, provide direct evidence of the regulatory effects of HF-related microRNAs on the neurohormonal signaling in cardiac cells. More importantly, our study presents a rational approach to further exploring microRNA profiling data in deciphering the role of microRNA in complex syndromes such as HF. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren & Megan Yingmei Zhang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yei-Tsung Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Juan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Kai Sing Tong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Lee Lee Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand.
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10
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Horne J, O'Connor C, Madill J, Rinaldi S, Gilliland J. Re: "Polymorphisms of three genes (ACE, AGT and CYP11B2) in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are not associated with blood pressure salt sensitivity: a systematic meta-analysis". Blood Press 2016; 26:255-256. [PMID: 28006963 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2016.1270164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Horne
- a Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences , Brescia University College at The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario , London , Canada
| | - Colleen O'Connor
- b Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences , Brescia University College at The University of Western Ontario , London , Canada
| | - Janet Madill
- b Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences , Brescia University College at The University of Western Ontario , London , Canada
| | - Sylvia Rinaldi
- c Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences , Brescia University College at The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario , London , Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- d Department of Geography, School of Health Studies, London, Canada, Department of Paediatrics , The University of Western Ontario , London , Canada
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11
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Wong LL, Wang J, Liew OW, Richards AM, Chen YT. MicroRNA and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:502. [PMID: 27058529 PMCID: PMC4848958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) imposes significant economic and public health burdens upon modern society. It is known that disturbances in neurohormonal status play an important role in the pathogenesis of HF. Therapeutics that antagonize selected neurohormonal pathways, specifically the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, have significantly improved patient outcomes in HF. Nevertheless, mortality remains high with about 50% of HF patients dying within five years of diagnosis thus mandating ongoing efforts to improve HF management. The discovery of short noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) and our increasing understanding of their functions, has presented potential therapeutic applications in complex diseases, including HF. Results from several genome-wide miRNA studies have identified miRNAs differentially expressed in HF cohorts suggesting their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of HF and their potential as both biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. Unravelling the functional relevance of miRNAs within pathogenic pathways is a major challenge in cardiovascular research. In this article, we provide an overview of the role of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system. We highlight several HF-related miRNAs reported from selected cohorts and review their putative roles in neurohormonal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Lee Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Juan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand.
| | - Yei-Tsung Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
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12
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Role of MicroRNAs in Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System-Mediated Cardiovascular Inflammation and Remodeling. Int J Inflam 2015; 2015:101527. [PMID: 26064773 PMCID: PMC4438140 DOI: 10.1155/2015/101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous regulators of gene expression either by inhibiting translation or protein degradation. Recent studies indicate that microRNAs play a role in cardiovascular disease and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system- (RAAS-) mediated cardiovascular inflammation, either as mediators or being targeted by RAAS pharmacological inhibitors. The exact role(s) of microRNAs in RAAS-mediated cardiovascular inflammation and remodeling is/are still in early stage of investigation. However, few microRNAs have been shown to play a role in RAAS signaling, particularly miR-155, miR-146a/b, miR-132/122, and miR-483-3p. Identification of specific microRNAs and their targets and elucidating microRNA-regulated mechanisms associated RAS-mediated cardiovascular inflammation and remodeling might lead to the development of novel pharmacological strategies to target RAAS-mediated vascular pathologies. This paper reviews microRNAs role in inflammatory factors mediating cardiovascular inflammation and RAAS genes and the effect of RAAS pharmacological inhibition on microRNAs and the resolution of RAAS-mediated cardiovascular inflammation and remodeling. Also, this paper discusses the advances on microRNAs-based therapeutic approaches that may be important in targeting RAAS signaling.
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Butterworth MB. MicroRNAs and the regulation of aldosterone signaling in the kidney. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C521-7. [PMID: 25673770 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00026.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of small noncoding RNAs, termed microRNAs (miRs), in development and disease has been recognized for many years. The number of miRs and regulated targets that reinforce a role for miRs in human disease and disease progression is ever-increasing. However, less is known about the involvement of miRs in steady-state, nondisease homeostatic pathways. In the kidney, much of the regulated ion transport is under the control of hormonal signaling. Evidence is emerging that miRs are involved in the hormonal regulation of kidney function and, particularly, in ion transport. In this short review, the production and intra- and extracellular signaling of miRs and the involvement of miRs in kidney disease are discussed. The discussion also focuses on the role of these small biological molecules in the homeostatic control of ion transport in the kidney. MiR regulation of and by corticosteroid hormones, in particular the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, is considered. While information about the role of aldosterone-regulated miRs in the kidney is limited, an increase in the research in this area will undoubtedly highlight the involvement of miRs as central mediators of hormonal signaling in normal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Butterworth
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Lian JY, Tuo BG. Role of non-coding RNAs in development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:396-403. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i3.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refer to all RNAs without protein encoding function due to the lack of an open reading frame, and they are often transcribed from the complementary strand of protein encoding genes. Based on the length, ncRNAs can be divided into long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and short ncRNAs, and short ncRNAs include microRNAs, piRNAs and so on. ncRNAs are not only involved in life activities but also closely related to tumor cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, invasion and infiltration. ncRNAs play an important role in the development of cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a digestive cancer with high incidence and mortality rates, posing a serious threat to human health; however, its pathogenesis is still unclear. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that changes in the expression of ncRNAs have a pivotal role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the association between ncRNAs sand hepatocellular carcinoma, with an aim to provide some clues to its diagnosis and treatment.
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Marques FZ, Charchar FJ. microRNAs in Essential Hypertension and Blood Pressure Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 888:215-35. [PMID: 26663185 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling the complete genetic predisposition to high blood pressure (BP) has proven to be challenging. This puzzle and the fact that coding regions of the genome account for less than 2 % of the entire human DNA support the hypothesis that mechanisms besides coding genes are likely to contribute to BP regulation. Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are emerging as key players of transcription regulation in both health and disease states. They control basic functions in virtually all cell types relevant to the cardiovascular system and, thus, a direct involvement with BP regulation is highly probable. Here we review the literature about microRNAs associated with regulation of BP and hypertension, highlighting investigations, methodology and difficulties arising in the field. These molecules are being studied for exploitation in diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics in many diseases. There have been some studies that examined biological fluid microRNAs as biomarkers for hypertension, but most remain inconclusive due to the small sample sizes and differences in methodological standardisation. Fewer studies have analysed tissue microRNA levels in vascular smooth muscle cells and the kidney. Others focused on the interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms and microRNA binding sites. Studies in animals have shown that angiotensin II, high-salt diet and exercise change microRNA levels in hypertension. Treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with a miR-22 inhibitor and treatment of hypertensive Schlager BPH/2J mice with a miR-181a mimic decreased their BP. This supports the use of microRNAs as therapeutic targets in hypertension, and future studies should test the use of other microRNAs found in human association studies. In conclusion, there is a clear need of increased pace of human, animal and functional studies to help us understand the multifaceted roles of microRNAs as critical regulators of the development and physiology of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Z Marques
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, VIC, Australia.
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