1
|
Costanzo A. Temporal patterns in taste sensitivity. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:831-847. [PMID: 37558243 PMCID: PMC11082591 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals vary in their ability to taste, and some individuals are more sensitive to certain tastes than others. Taste sensitivity is a predictor of various factors, such as diet, eating behavior, appetite regulation, and overall health. Furthermore, taste sensitivity can fluctuate within an individual over short to long periods of time: for example, in daily (diurnal) cycles, monthly (menstrual) cycles (in females), and yearly (seasonal) cycles. Understanding these temporal patterns is important for understanding individual eating habits and food preferences, particularly in the context of personalized and precision nutrition. This review provides a summary of the literature on taste sensitivity patterns across 3 temporal dimensions: daily, monthly, and yearly. Good evidence for diurnal patterns has been observed for sweet taste and fat taste, although the evidence is limited to rodent studies for the latter. Obese populations showed limited variation to sweet and fat taste sensitivities over a day, with limited variation in sweet taste sensitivity being linked to insulin resistance. There were mixed observations of temporal variation in sensitivity to sour and umami tastes, and there were no patterns in sensitivity to bitter taste. Menstrual patterns in sweet taste sensitivity were consistent with patterns in food intake. Other taste modality investigations had mixed findings that had little agreement across studies. Hormonal changes in females influence taste sensitivity to some degree, although the overall patterns are unclear. Seasonal patterns have been less well studied, but there is weak evidence that sweet, salty, and bitter taste sensitivities change across seasons. Differences in seasonal taste patterns have been observed in subgroups susceptible to mental health disorders, requiring further investigation. Patterns of taste sensitivity are evident across multiple temporal dimensions, and more research is needed to determine the influence of these patterns on food intake. Dysregulation of these patterns may also be a marker of certain diseases or health conditions, warranting further investigation. Notably, the alimentary tastes (umami, fat, and carbohydrate) are underrepresented in this research area and require additional investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Costanzo
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walmsley R, Chong L, Hii MW, Brown RM, Sumithran P. The effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of gastrointestinal taste receptors: A systematic review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:421-446. [PMID: 38206483 PMCID: PMC10942945 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nutrient sensing via taste receptors may contribute to weight loss, metabolic improvements, and a reduced preference for sweet and fatty foods following bariatric surgery. This review aimed to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of oral and post-oral gastrointestinal taste receptors and associations between taste receptor alterations and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. A systematic review was conducted to capture data from both human and animal studies on changes in the expression of taste receptors in oral or post-oral gastrointestinal tissue following any type of bariatric surgery. Databases searched included Medline, Embase, Emcare, APA PsychInfo, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Two human and 21 animal studies were included. Bariatric surgery alters the quantity of many sweet, umami, and fatty acid taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Changes to the expression of sweet and amino acid receptors occur most often in intestinal segments surgically repositioned more proximally, such as the alimentary limb after gastric bypass. Conversely, changes to fatty acid receptors were observed more frequently in the colon than in the small intestine. Significant heterogeneity in the methodology of included studies limited conclusions regarding the direction of change in taste receptor expression induced by bariatric surgeries. Few studies have investigated associations between taste receptor expression and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. As such, future studies should look to investigate the relationship between bariatric surgery-induced changes to gut taste receptor expression and function and the impact of surgery on taste preferences, food palatability, and eating behaviour.Registration code in PROSPERO: CRD42022313992.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Walmsley
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynn Chong
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael W Hii
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding Z, Zhang C, Zhang B, Li Q. Unraveling the Proteomic Landscape of Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Derived Exosomes in Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:773671. [PMID: 35283765 PMCID: PMC8905357 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.773671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify the biological functions of small intestine intestinal epithelial cell derived exosomes (IEC-Exos) and further distinguished the difference proteins in IEC-Exos between ileum and jejunum related to function of the digestive system and occurrence of several diseases. Materials and Methods IECs of Male C57BL/6J mice were isolated. IEC-Exos were extracted from jejunum and ileum epithelial cell culture fluid by ultracentrifugation. In addition, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to detect IEC-Exo proteins and conduct biological information analysis. Results The results showed that compared with jejunum IEC-Exos from ileum IEC-Exos, there were 393 up-regulated proteins and 346 down-regulated proteins. IECs-Exos, especially derived from jejunum, were rich in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The highly expressed proteins from ileum IEC-Exos were mostly enriched in genetic information processing pathways, which mainly mediate the processes of bile acid transport, protein synthesis and processing modification. In contrast, the highly expressed proteins from jejunum IEC-Exos were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways involved in sugar, fatty acid, amino acid, drug, and bone metabolism, etc. The differentially expressed proteins between ileum and jejunum IEC-Exos were not only related to the function of the digestive system but also closely related to the occurrence of infectious diseases, endocrine diseases and osteoarthritis, etc. Conclusion IEC-Exos there were many differentially expressed proteins between ileum and jejunum, which played different roles in regulating intestinal biological functions. ACE2, the main host cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2, was highly expressed in IEC-Exos, which indicated that IEC-Exos may be a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baokun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jensterle M, Rizzo M, Janez A. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Taste Perception: From Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020902. [PMID: 33477478 PMCID: PMC7830704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies provided some important insights into the action of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in taste perception. This review examines the literature to uncover some molecular mechanisms and connections between GLP-1 and the gustatory coding. Local GLP-1 production in the taste bud cells, the expression of GLP-1 receptor on the adjacent nerves, a functional continuum in the perception of sweet chemicals from the gut to the tongue and an identification of GLP-1 induced signaling pathways in peripheral and central gustatory coding all strongly suggest that GLP-1 is involved in the taste perception, especially sweet. However, the impact of GLP-1 based therapies on gustatory coding in humans remains largely unaddressed. Based on the molecular background we encourage further exploration of the tongue as a new treatment target for GLP-1 receptor agonists in clinical studies. Given that pharmacological manipulation of gustatory coding may represent a new potential strategy against obesity and diabetes, the topic is of utmost clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jensterle
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrej Janez
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-522-3114; Fax: +386-1-522-9359
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soták M, Casselbrant A, Rath E, Zietek T, Strömstedt M, Adingupu DD, Karlsson D, Fritsch Fredin M, Ergang P, Pácha J, Batorsky A, Alpers CE, Börgeson E, Hansen PBL, Ericsson A, Björnson Granqvist A, Wallenius V, Fändriks L, Unwin RJ. Intestinal sodium/glucose cotransporter 3 expression is epithelial and downregulated in obesity. Life Sci 2020; 267:118974. [PMID: 33385407 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine whether the sodium/glucose cotransporter family member SGLT3, a proposed glucose sensor, is expressed in the intestine and/or kidney, and if its expression is altered in mouse models of obesity and in humans before and after weight-loss surgery. MAIN METHODS We used in-situ hybridization and quantitative PCR to determine whether the Sglt3 isoforms 3a and 3b were expressed in the intestine and kidney of C57, leptin-deficient ob/ob, and diabetic BTBR ob/ob mice. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were also used to assess SGLT3 protein levels in jejunal biopsies from obese patients before and after weight-loss Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), and in lean healthy controls. KEY FINDINGS Sglt3a/3b mRNA was detected in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), but not in the large intestine or kidneys of mice. Both isoforms were detected in epithelial cells (confirmed using intestinal organoids). Expression of Sglt3a/3b mRNA in duodenum and jejunum was significantly lower in ob/ob and BTBR ob/ob mice than in normal-weight littermates. Jejunal SGLT3 protein levels in aged obese patients before RYGB were lower than in lean individuals, but substantially upregulated 6 months post-RYGB. SIGNIFICANCE Our study shows that Sglt3a/3b is expressed primarily in epithelial cells of the small intestine in mice. Furthermore, we observed an association between intestinal mRNA Sglt3a/3b expression and obesity in mice, and between jejunal SGLT3 protein levels and obesity in humans. Further studies are required to determine the possible role of SGLT3 in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Soták
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Casselbrant
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Tamara Zietek
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Strömstedt
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Damilola D Adingupu
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Karlsson
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Fritsch Fredin
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Ergang
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pácha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Batorsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Charles E Alpers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Emma Börgeson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Pernille B L Hansen
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Ericsson
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Björnson Granqvist
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ville Wallenius
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert J Unwin
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
O’Brien P, Han G, Ganpathy P, Pitre S, Zhang Y, Ryan J, Sim PY, Harding SV, Gray R, Preedy VR, Sanders TAB, Corpe CP. Chronic Effects of a High Sucrose Diet on Murine Gastrointestinal Nutrient Sensor Gene and Protein Expression Levels and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E137. [PMID: 33375525 PMCID: PMC7794826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a key role in regulating nutrient metabolism and appetite responses. This study aimed to identify changes in the GIT that are important in the development of diet related obesity and diabetes. GIT samples were obtained from C57BL/6J male mice chronically fed a control diet or a high sucrose diet (HSD) and analysed for changes in gene, protein and metabolite levels. In HSD mice, GIT expression levels of fat oxidation genes were reduced, and increased de novo lipogenesis was evident in ileum. Gene expression levels of the putative sugar sensor, slc5a4a and slc5a4b, and fat sensor, cd36, were downregulated in the small intestines of HSD mice. In HSD mice, there was also evidence of bacterial overgrowth and a lipopolysaccharide activated inflammatory pathway involving inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In Caco-2 cells, sucrose significantly increased the expression levels of the nos2, iNOS and nitric oxide (NO) gas levels. In conclusion, sucrose fed induced obesity/diabetes is associated with changes in GI macronutrient sensing, appetite regulation and nutrient metabolism and intestinal microflora. These may be important drivers, and thus therapeutic targets, of diet-related metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O’Brien
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Ge Han
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Priya Ganpathy
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Shweta Pitre
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - John Ryan
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Pei Ying Sim
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Scott V. Harding
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1C5S7, Canada;
| | - Robert Gray
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Victor R. Preedy
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Thomas A. B. Sanders
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| | - Christopher P. Corpe
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Courses, King’s College London, Room 3.114, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (P.O.); (G.H.); (P.G.); (S.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.); (P.Y.S.); (R.G.); (V.R.P.); (T.A.B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Svoboda LK, Wang K, Cavalcante RG, Neier K, Colacino JA, Sartor MA, Dolinoy DC. Sex-Specific Programming of Cardiac DNA Methylation by Developmental Phthalate Exposure. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720939971. [PMID: 32864567 PMCID: PMC7430087 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720939971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalate plasticizers are ubiquitous chemicals linked to several cardiovascular diseases in animal models and humans. Despite this, the mechanisms by which phthalate exposures cause adverse cardiac health outcomes are unclear. In particular, whether phthalate exposures during pregnancy interfere with normal developmental programming of the cardiovascular system, and the resulting implications this may have for long-term disease risk, are unknown. Recent studies suggest that the effects of phthalates on metabolic and neurobehavioral outcomes are sex-specific. However, the influence of sex on cardiac susceptibility to phthalate exposures has not been investigated. One mechanism by which developmental exposures may influence long-term health is through altered programming of DNA methylation. In this work, we utilized an established mouse model of human-relevant perinatal exposure and enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to investigate the long-term effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure on DNA methylation in the hearts of adult male and female offspring at 5 months of age (n = 5-7 mice per sex and exposure). Perinatal DEHP exposure led to hundreds of sex-specific, differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the heart. Pathway analysis of DMCs revealed enrichment for several pathways in females, including insulin signaling, regulation of histone methylation, and tyrosine phosphatase activity. In males, DMCs were enriched for glucose transport, energy generation, and developmental programs. Notably, many sex-specific genes differentially methylated with DEHP exposure in our mouse model were also differentially methylated in published data of heart tissues collected from human heart failure patients. Together, these data highlight the potential role for DNA methylation in DEHP-induced cardiac effects and emphasize the importance of sex as a biological variable in environmental health studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Svoboda
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raymond G Cavalcante
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kari Neier
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Numerous studies have pointed to profound nongustatory roles of tastants and the corresponding taste receptors expressed in the alimentary canal in the modulation of digestive and metabolic functions. Already in early reports, the intriguing possibility to use tastants as drug-like effectors for the treatment of metabolic diseases was raised. With this review, focusing on the most recent literature, we intend to question how close we meanwhile came to the initial promise - the use of tastants as medicines. RECENT FINDINGS Although the enormous complexity and experimental variability of studies investigating the effects of tastants on physiological functions still has not revealed a common fundament from which subsequent therapeutic measures could be designed, more and more evidence is mounting on an involvement of taste receptors and taste signaling molecules in the maintenance and fine regulation of gastrointestinal functions and immunity. SUMMARY Although the initial goal - using tastants to treat metabolic disorders - has, by far, not been reached, numerous promising findings suggest that dietary interventions could be devised to support conventional therapies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maik Behrens
- Leibniz-Institute for Food System Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Leibniz-Institute for Food System Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising
- Research Department Nutrition and Food Sciences of the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|