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Narayana S, Gowda BHJ, Hani U, Shimu SS, Paul K, Das A, Ashique S, Ahmed MG, Tarighat MA, Abdi G. Inorganic nanoparticle-based treatment approaches for colorectal cancer: recent advancements and challenges. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:427. [PMID: 39030546 PMCID: PMC11264527 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, the third most prevalent cancer globally, contributes significantly to mortality rates, with over 1.9 million reported cases and nearly 935,000 fatalities annually. Surgical resection is a primary approach for localized colorectal tumors, with adjunct therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted/immunotherapy considered depending on the tumor stage. However, despite preferences for targeted and immunotherapy post-surgery, chemotherapy remains commonly chosen due to its lower cost and high cancer-killing efficiency. Yet, chemotherapy faces issues such as tumor resistance and severe side effects. Nanotechnology has emerged in cancer therapy by alleviating the drawbacks of current treatment approaches. In the past few decades, inorganic nanoparticles have shown promise in combating colorectal cancer, offering advantages over conventional chemotherapy. Compared to organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles exhibit properties like photosensitivity, conductivity, magnetic allure, and thermal proficiency, allowing them to function as both drug carriers and therapeutic agents. Derived primarily from carbon, silica, metals, and metal oxides, they offer superior drug-loading capacity, heightened quantum yield, and participation in advanced photothermal and photodynamic therapies. This review provides a brief overview of the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer and the pivotal role of inorganic nanoparticles in photothermal therapy photodynamic therapy, and drug delivery. Additionally, it discusses numerous inorganic nanoparticles in colorectal cancer therapy based on recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Narayana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharmin Sultana Shimu
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Karthika Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Avinaba Das
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Maryam Abbasi Tarighat
- Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
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Chavda VP, Balar PC, Nalla LV, Bezbaruah R, Gogoi NR, Gajula SNR, Peng B, Meena AS, Conde J, Prasad R. Conjugated Nanoparticles for Solid Tumor Theranostics: Unraveling the Interplay of Known and Unknown Factors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37654-37684. [PMID: 37867666 PMCID: PMC10586263 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer diagnoses have been increasing worldwide, and solid tumors are among the leading contributors to patient mortality, creating an enormous burden on the global healthcare system. Cancer is responsible for around 10.3 million deaths worldwide. Solid tumors are one of the most prevalent cancers observed in recent times. On the other hand, early diagnosis is a significant challenge that could save a person's life. Treatment with existing methods has pitfalls that limit the successful elimination of the disorder. Though nanoparticle-based imaging and therapeutics have shown a significant impact in healthcare, current methodologies for solid tumor treatment are insufficient. There are multiple complications associated with the diagnosis and management of solid tumors as well. Recently, surface-conjugated nanoparticles such as lipid nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots have shown positive results in solid tumor diagnostics and therapeutics in preclinical models. Other nanotheranostic material platforms such as plasmonic theranostics, magnetotheranostics, hybrid nanotheranostics, and graphene theranostics have also been explored. These nanoparticle theranostics ensure the appropriate targeting of tumors along with selective delivery of cargos (both imaging and therapeutic probes) without affecting the surrounding healthy tissues. Though they have multiple applications, nanoparticles still possess numerous limitations that need to be addressed in order to be fully utilized in the clinic. In this review, we outline the importance of materials and design strategies used to engineer nanoparticles in the treatment and diagnosis of solid tumors and how effectively each method overcomes the drawbacks of the current techniques. We also highlight the gaps in each material platform and how design considerations can address their limitations in future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380001, India
| | - Pankti C. Balar
- Pharmacy
Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380001, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department
of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education
Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522302, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, Dibrugarh, 786004 Assam, India
| | - Niva Rani Gogoi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, Dibrugarh, 786004 Assam, India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Berney Peng
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of California at Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Avtar S. Meena
- Department
of Biotechnology, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari
Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics,
NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas,
NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- School
of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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3
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Ganguly S, Margel S. Bioimaging Probes Based on Magneto-Fluorescent Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020686. [PMID: 36840008 PMCID: PMC9967590 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel nanomaterials are of interest in biology, medicine, and imaging applications. Multimodal fluorescent-magnetic nanoparticles demand special attention because they have the potential to be employed as diagnostic and medication-delivery tools, which, in turn, might make it easier to diagnose and treat cancer, as well as a wide variety of other disorders. The most recent advancements in the development of magneto-fluorescent nanocomposites and their applications in the biomedical field are the primary focus of this review. We describe the most current developments in synthetic methodologies and methods for the fabrication of magneto-fluorescent nanocomposites. The primary applications of multimodal magneto-fluorescent nanoparticles in biomedicine, including biological imaging, cancer treatment, and drug administration, are covered in this article, and an overview of the future possibilities for these technologies is provided.
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Joseph TM, Kar Mahapatra D, Esmaeili A, Piszczyk Ł, Hasanin MS, Kattali M, Haponiuk J, Thomas S. Nanoparticles: Taking a Unique Position in Medicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13030574. [PMID: 36770535 PMCID: PMC9920911 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The human nature of curiosity, wonder, and ingenuity date back to the age of humankind. In parallel with our history of civilization, interest in scientific approaches to unravel mechanisms underlying natural phenomena has been developing. Recent years have witnessed unprecedented growth in research in the area of pharmaceuticals and medicine. The optimism that nanotechnology (NT) applied to medicine and drugs is taking serious steps to bring about significant advances in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease-a shift from fantasy to reality. The growing interest in the future medical applications of NT leads to the emergence of a new field for nanomaterials (NMs) and biomedicine. In recent years, NMs have emerged as essential game players in modern medicine, with clinical applications ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for drug and gene delivery into tumors. Indeed, there are instances where nanoparticles (NPs) enable analyses and therapies that cannot be performed otherwise. However, NPs also bring unique environmental and societal challenges, particularly concerning toxicity. Thus, clinical applications of NPs should be revisited, and a deep understanding of the effects of NPs from the pathophysiologic basis of a disease may bring more sophisticated diagnostic opportunities and yield more effective therapies and preventive features. Correspondingly, this review highlights the significant contributions of NPs to modern medicine and drug delivery systems. This study also attempted to glimpse the future impact of NT in medicine and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomy Muringayil Joseph
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 440037, India
| | - Amin Esmaeili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering Technology and Industrial Trades, University of Doha for Science and Technology (UDST), Arab League St, Doha P.O. Box 24449, Qatar
| | - Łukasz Piszczyk
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mohamed S. Hasanin
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mashhoor Kattali
- Department of Biotechnology, EMEA College of Arts and Science, Kondotty 673638, India
| | - Józef Haponiuk
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
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Mazayen ZM, Ghoneim AM, Elbatanony RS, Basalious EB, Bendas ER. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology: from the bench to the market. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 35071609 PMCID: PMC8760885 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanotechnology is considered a new and rapidly emerging area in the pharmaceutical and medicinal field. Nanoparticles, as drug delivery systems, impart several advantages concerning improved efficacy as well as reduced adverse drug reactions. Main body Different types of nanosystems have been fabricated including carbon nanotubes, paramagnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanoemulsions, etc. Physicochemical properties of the starting materials and the selected method of preparation play a significant aspect in determining the shape and characteristics of the developed nanoparticles. Dispersion of preformed polymers, coacervation, polymerization, nano-spray drying and supercritical fluid technology are among the most extensively used techniques for the preparation of nanocarriers. Particle size, surface charge, surface hydrophobicity and drug release are the main factors affecting nanoparticles physical stability and biological performance of the incorporated drug. In clinical practice, many nanodrugs have been used for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications and are being investigated for various indications in clinical trials. Nanoparticles are used for the cure of kidney diseases, tuberculosis, skin conditions, Alzheimer’s disease, different types of cancer as well as preparation of COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion In this review, we will confer the advantages, types, methods of preparation, characterization methods and some of the applications of nano-systems.
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Pandey S, Mukherjee D, Kshirsagar P, Patra C, Bodas D. Multiplexed bio-imaging using cadmium telluride quantum dots synthesized by mathematically derived process parameters in a continuous flow active microreactor. Mater Today Bio 2021; 11:100123. [PMID: 34458715 PMCID: PMC8379697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals with unique size-tunable emissions. To obtain a precise emission spectrum, monodispersity in size is imperative, which is achieved by controlling the reaction kinetics in a continuous flow of active microreactors. Further, a multivariate approach (dimensional analysis) is employed to impose stringent control on the reaction process resulting in monodispersed preparation of cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots. Dimensional analysis knits multiple variables into a dimensionless mathematical form which not only predicts parameters precisely to obtain narrow size tunability but also guarantees reproducibility in synthesis. Analytical, structural, and optical characterization of the microreactor synthesized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated CdTe QDs reveal quantum efficient (61.5%), photostable (44%), and biocompatible nanocrystals of 5-15 nm. Further, PDMS-coated QDs (P-QDs) are conjugated with organelle-specific antibodies/biomarkers for in-vitro imaging in NIH 3T3 cells. Likewise, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and anti-myosin (MF20), cardiomyocytes antibodies are conjugated with P-QDs (red and green, respectively) to image the zebrafish's cardiac tissue. Antibodies tagged with quantum dots are imaged simultaneously using confocal microscopy. Thus, multiplexed bio-imaging of in-vitro and zebrafish tissue is demonstrated successfully. The results indicate the suitability of continuous flow active microreactor in conjunction with the mathematical prediction of process parameters to synthesize reproducibly monodispersed and quantum efficient QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pandey
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - D. Mukherjee
- Developmental Biology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, India
| | - P. Kshirsagar
- Bioenergy Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, India
| | - C. Patra
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411 007, India
- Developmental Biology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, India
| | - D. Bodas
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411 007, India
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7
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Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots cause genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Allium cepa plants. Mutat Res 2021; 865:503338. [PMID: 33865544 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantum Dots (QDs), are considered as promising tools for biomedical applications. They have potential applications in agricultural industries, novel pesticide formulations, use in bio-labels and devices to aid genetic manipulation and post-harvest management. Since interactions with higher plants are of important environmental and ecological concern we investigated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CdSe QDs in a model plant (Allium cepa) and established relationships between QDs genotoxic activity and oxidative stress. Allium cepa bulbs with intact roots were exposed to three concentrations of CdSe QDs (12.5, 25 and 50 nM). Cell viability and mitotic frequencies was measured for cytotoxicity, and to assess the genotoxicity DNA lesions, chromosome aberrations and micronuclei were evaluated. We report that QDs exerted significant genotoxic effects, associated with oxidative stress. This could be correlated with the retention of Cd in Allium roots as a dose-dependent increase with the highest uptake at 50 nM of CdSe QD. Oxidative stress induced by CdSe QD treatment activated both, antioxidant (SOD, CAT) scavengers and antioxidant (GPOD, GSH) enzymes. Concentrations as low as 25 nM CdSe QDs were cytotoxic and 50 nM CdSe QDs was found to be genotoxic to the plant. These findings enable to determine the concentrations to be used when practical applications using nanodevices of this type on plants are being considered.
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Farzin MA, Abdoos H. A critical review on quantum dots: From synthesis toward applications in electrochemical biosensors for determination of disease-related biomolecules. Talanta 2020; 224:121828. [PMID: 33379046 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs), defined by a diameter size of <10 nm, have been the core concept of nanoscience and nanotechnology since their inception. QDs possess many unique structural, electrochemical and photochemical properties that render them a promising platform for sensing applications. These nanomaterials can greatly enhance the analytical performances of biosensors, namely detection limit, sensitivity and selectivity. QDs are being developed not only because of their ability for signal enhancement but also because of their high capacity for fuctionalization with bioreceptors. In this review, we summarize a basic knowledge of QDs before focusing on their application to sensing thus far followed by a discussion of future directions for research into the sensing field. Due to the nature of QDs, especially their ability to combine nanotechnology and biotechnology, they possess the potential to open a novel paradigm on early diagnosis of diseases using the electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, we try to give a comprehensive view of the role of these zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials in the designing electrochemical sensors for determination of disease-related biomolecules, including tumor markers, inflammatory biomarkers, depression markers and archetypal biomarker in diabetes diagnosis. Considering the high potential of QDs for the electrochemistry-based biosensing strategies, the authors suggest that more research is needed on understanding their electronic properties and why synthesis and surface modification methods can affect these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Farzin
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hassan Abdoos
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran.
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Yetisgin AA, Cetinel S, Zuvin M, Kosar A, Kutlu O. Therapeutic Nanoparticles and Their Targeted Delivery Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E2193. [PMID: 32397080 PMCID: PMC7248934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers many advantages in various fields of science. In this regard, nanoparticles are the essential building blocks of nanotechnology. Recent advances in nanotechnology have proven that nanoparticles acquire a great potential in medical applications. Formation of stable interactions with ligands, variability in size and shape, high carrier capacity, and convenience of binding of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances make nanoparticles favorable platforms for the target-specific and controlled delivery of micro- and macromolecules in disease therapy. Nanoparticles combined with the therapeutic agents overcome problems associated with conventional therapy; however, some issues like side effects and toxicity are still debated and should be well concerned before their utilization in biological systems. It is therefore important to understand the specific properties of therapeutic nanoparticles and their delivery strategies. Here, we provide an overview on the unique features of nanoparticles in the biological systems. We emphasize on the type of clinically used nanoparticles and their specificity for therapeutic applications, as well as on their current delivery strategies for specific diseases such as cancer, infectious, autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, ocular, and pulmonary diseases. Understanding of the characteristics of nanoparticles and their interactions with the biological environment will enable us to establish novel strategies for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis in many diseases, particularly untreatable ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuzer Alp Yetisgin
- Materials Science and Nano-Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Sibel Cetinel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Merve Zuvin
- Mechatronics Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (M.Z.); (A.K.)
| | - Ali Kosar
- Mechatronics Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (M.Z.); (A.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the current review was to summarize the current applications, the latest advances and importantly, highlight research gaps in the use of quantum dots in the eye. Quantum dots are nanoscale semiconductor crystals with characteristic size and tunable optical properties, which deliver bright and stable fluorescence suitable for bioimaging and labelling. Methods: A systematic search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. This review systematically searched published data to summarize the characteristics and applications of quantum dots in ophthalmology. Two hundred and eighty published articles were initially selected for this review following searches using the criteria quantum dots AND nanoparticles AND ophthalmology in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science. Results: After duplicates were removed, a total of 22 eligible articles were included for the review. Quantum dots potentially provide a range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in ophthalmology. Quantum dots offer visible and near-infrared emission, which is highly desirable for bioimaging, due to reduced light scattering and low tissue absorption. Their applications include in vivo bioimaging, labelling of cells and tissues, delivery of genes or drugs and as antimicrobial composites. Conclusion: Quantum dots have been used in ophthalmology for bioimaging, electrical stimulation and tracking of gene/stems cells, and ocular lymphatics. However, there is no detailed description of their desirable characteristics for use in ophthalmology, and there is limited information about their cytotoxicity to ocular cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Sarwat
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney , Australia
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney , Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney , Australia
| | - Maitreyee Roy
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney , Australia
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Carbon Nanotubes as Quantum Dots for Therapeutic Purpose. CARBON NANOTUBES FOR TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0910-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Madanayake NH, Rienzie R, Adassooriya NM. Nanoparticles in Nanotheranostics Applications. Nanotheranostics 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29768-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kim DW, Jeong B, Shin IH, Kang U, Lee Y, Park YS, Ahn SH, Park DJ, Kim HH. Sentinel node navigation surgery using near-infrared indocyanine green fluorescence in early gastric cancer. Surg Endosc 2018; 33:1235-1243. [PMID: 30167947 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent method for sentinel lymph node detection in early gastric cancer. METHODS Between December 2012 and December 2014, 28 cases of pilot examination were performed at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Advanced version of multispectral fluorescence organoscope was used to identify sentinel node by quantitative estimation of ICG fluorescent signal intensity. Sensitivity, specificity, false positive value were analyzed and compared with dual tracer method. RESULTS A total of 443 lymph nodes in 28 cases were examined and 184 sentinel nodes (41.5%) were identified by dual tracer method. The sensitivity using near-infrared ICG method was 98.9%. The specificity was 76.0% and false positive rate was 25.4% compared with dual tracer method. The adequate threshold for sentinel node detection was considered as 10% of maximum signal intensity. CONCLUSION New near-infrared ICG fluorescent method could be a promising protocol for sentinel node navigation surgery in early gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Bosu Jeong
- Advanced Medical Device Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hyung Shin
- Advanced Medical Device Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk Kang
- Advanced Medical Device Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontaek Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tsuboi S, Jin T. Recombinant Protein (Luciferase-IgG Binding Domain) Conjugated Quantum Dots for BRET-Coupled Near-Infrared Imaging of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors. Bioconjug Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Tsuboi
- Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Waniczek D, Śnietura M, Lorenc Z, Nowakowska-Zajdel E, Muc-Wierzgoń M. Assessment of PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling pathway activity in colorectal cancer using quantum dot-conjugated antibodies. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1236-1240. [PMID: 29422975 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In certain patients with advanced colorectal cancer, loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) activity is observed. PTEN is a major gatekeeper gene of the AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) signaling pathway responsible for the proliferative activity of cells. The assessment of AKT activity may be a prognostic factor or a predictor of response to the targeted therapies against particular signaling proteins. To precisely identify the cause and the place of the pathway deregulation, it is necessary to identify phosphorylation states and concentrations of several proteins located at different levels of the regulatory cascade. In the present study, we propose the simultaneous use of specific antibodies conjugated with different quantum dots to highlight the nature of AKT/PKB cascade deregulation in patients with colorectal cancer and the loss of PTEN expression in tumor tissue. Fifty patients with colorectal cancer of no specific location were enrolled in the study. The expression of the PTEN protein, and concentrations of phosphorylated/activated forms of 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and AKT were assessed using quantum dot-conjugated antibodies. In patients with a diminished or complete loss of the PTEN expression in the tumor tissue increased levels of activated/phosphorylated forms of PDK1 (Phospho-PDK1-Ser241) and AKT (Phospho-AKT-Thr308) proteins were found, which are responsible for the permanent activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/PTEN signaling pathway in certain cases of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Waniczek
- SHS in Katowice, Department of Surgery Propedeutics, Chair of General, Colorectal and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mirosław Śnietura
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memoria Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 41-120 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Lorenc
- SHS in Katowice, Chair of General, Colorectal and Polytrauma Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowakowska-Zajdel
- Department of Nutrition Related Disease Prevention, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Sentinel Node Mapping Using a Fluorescent Dye and Visible Light During Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer: Result of a Prospective Study From a Single Institute. Ann Surg 2017; 265:766-773. [PMID: 27058946 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of sentinel node mapping using a fluorescent dye and visible light in patients with gastric cancer. BACKGROUND Recently, fluorescent imaging technology offers improved visibility with the possibility of better sensitivity or accuracy in sentinel node mapping. METHODS Twenty patients with early gastric cancer, for whom laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with standard lymphadenectomy had been planned, were enrolled in this study. Before lymphadenectomy, the patients received a gastrofiberoscopic peritumoral injection of fluorescein solution. The sentinel basin was investigated via laparoscopic fluorescent imaging under blue light (wavelength of 440-490 nm) emitted from an LED curing light. The detection rate and lymph node status were analyzed in the enrolled patients. In addition, short-term clinical outcomes were also investigated. RESULTS No hypersensitivity to the dye was identified in any enrolled patients. Sentinel nodes were detected in 19 of 20 enrolled patients (95.0%), and metastatic lymph nodes were found in 2 patients. The latter lymph nodes belonged to the sentinel basin of each patient. Meanwhile, 1 patient (5.0%) experienced a postoperative complication that was unrelated to sentinel node mapping. No mortality was recorded among enrolled cases. CONCLUSIONS Sentinel node mapping with visible light fluorescence was a feasible method for visualizing sentinel nodes in patients with early gastric cancer. In addition, this method is advantageous in terms of visualizing the concrete relationship between the sentinel nodes and surrounding structures.
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Gupta GS, Kumar A, Senapati VA, Pandey AK, Shanker R, Dhawan A. Laboratory Scale Microbial Food Chain To Study Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, and Ecotoxicity of Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1695-1706. [PMID: 28068760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products warrant a careful evaluation of their trophic transfer and consequent ecological impact. In the present study, a laboratory scale aquatic microbial food chain was established using bacteria (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) as a prey and ciliated protozoan (Paramecium caudatum) as a predator organism to determine the impact of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs). We observed that 29% of bacterivory potential of paramecium was lost, including an ∼12 h delay in doubling time on exposure to 25 mg/L CdTe QD (∼4 nm) as compared to control. The fluorescence based stoichiometric analysis revealed that 65% of the QDs bioaccumulated when paramecia were exposed to 25 mg/L QDs at 24 h. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in cellular cadmium (Cd) concentration at 24 h (306 ± 192 mg/L) as compared to 1 h (152 ± 50 mg/L). Moreover, the accumulation of Cd in E. coli (147 ± 25 mg/L) at 1 h of exposure to 25 mg/L QDs transferred 1.4 times higher Cd (207 ± 24 mg/L; biomagnification factor = 1.4) to its predator, paramecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind S Gupta
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences (Formerly, Institute of Life Sciences), Ahmedabad University , University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Nanotherapeutics & Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P. O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences (Formerly, Institute of Life Sciences), Ahmedabad University , University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Violet A Senapati
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences (Formerly, Institute of Life Sciences), Ahmedabad University , University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok K Pandey
- Nanotherapeutics & Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P. O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishi Shanker
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences (Formerly, Institute of Life Sciences), Ahmedabad University , University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Dhawan
- Nanotherapeutics & Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P. O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Tsuboi S, Sasaki A, Sakata T, Yasuda H, Jin T. Immunoglobulin binding (B1) domain mediated antibody conjugation to quantum dots for in vitro and in vivo molecular imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9450-9453. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04966h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for the preparation of antibody–quantum dot conjugates using the immunoglobulin binding (B1) domain of protein G is presented. The utility of antibody–quantum dot conjugates using the B1 domain is demonstrated for fluorescence imaging of breast tumor cellsin vitroandin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Tsuboi
- Laboratory for Nano-Bio Probes
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC)
- RIKEN
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Laboratory for Nano-Bio Probes
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC)
- RIKEN
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Takao Sakata
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Hidehiro Yasuda
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- Laboratory for Nano-Bio Probes
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC)
- RIKEN
- Suita
- Japan
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Kong SH, Noh YW, Suh YS, Park HS, Lee HJ, Kang KW, Kim HC, Lim YT, Yang HK. Evaluation of the novel near-infrared fluorescence tracers pullulan polymer nanogel and indocyanine green/γ-glutamic acid complex for sentinel lymph node navigation surgery in large animal models. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18:55-64. [PMID: 24481855 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine tracers designed to overcome the disadvantages of indocyanine green (ICG), which disperses quickly to multiple lymph nodes, using a near-infrared (NIR) imaging system in animal models. METHODS Diluted ICG, ICG/poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) complex, and IRDye900-conjugated pullulan-cholesterol nanoprobe "near-infrared polynagogel" (NIR-PNG) were injected into the stomachs of dogs and pigs, and the patterns of dispersion were observed using an NIR imaging system. To compare retention times, fluorescence signals were evaluated in the stomach and small bowel of animals 1 week after injection. RESULTS A diluted concentration (~0.1 mg/ml) of ICG was optimal for NIR imaging compared with the conventional concentration (5 mg/ml) for visual inspection. When injected into the stomach, the signals of ICG and ICG/PGA complex were relatively large at the injection site, and signals were detected at multiple sentinel nodes and lymph nodes beyond them. The NIR-PNG signal intensity was relatively small at the injection site and limited to only one sentinel node with no additional node. When evaluated 1 week after injection, only the NIR-PNG signal was detected in the canine stomach, and the signal intensity at the lymph nodes of the porcine small bowel was the highest with NIR-PNG, followed by ICG/PGA complex and finally ICG. CONCLUSION NIR-PNG showed the best characteristics of less dispersion and longer retention in the sentinel nodes, and ICG/PGA complex remained longer than diluted ICG. These tracers could potentially be used as optimal tracers for sentinel node navigation surgery in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Bennett KM, Jo JI, Cabral H, Bakalova R, Aoki I. MR imaging techniques for nano-pathophysiology and theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:75-94. [PMID: 24787226 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanoparticle DDSs (drug delivery systems, nano-DDSs) is opening new pathways to understanding physiology and pathophysiology at the nanometer scale. A nano-DDS can be used to deliver higher local concentrations of drugs to a target region and magnify therapeutic effects. However, interstitial cells or fibrosis in intractable tumors, as occurs in pancreatic or scirrhous stomach cancer, tend to impede nanoparticle delivery. Thus, it is critical to optimize the type and size of nanoparticles to reach the target. High-resolution 3D imaging provides a means of "seeing" the nanoparticle distribution and therapeutic effects. We introduce the concept of "nano-pathophysiological imaging" as a strategy for theranostics. The strategy consists of selecting an appropriate nano-DDS and rapidly evaluating drug effects in vivo to guide the next round of therapy. In this article we classify nano-DDSs by component carrier materials and present an overview of the significance of nano-pathophysiological MRI.
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21
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Roberts JR, Antonini JM, Porter DW, Chapman RS, Scabilloni JF, Young SH, Schwegler-Berry D, Castranova V, Mercer RR. Lung toxicity and biodistribution of Cd/Se-ZnS quantum dots with different surface functional groups after pulmonary exposure in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:5. [PMID: 23497258 PMCID: PMC3599433 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential use of quantum dots (QD) in biomedical applications, as well as in other systems that take advantage of their unique physiochemical properties, has led to concern regarding their toxicity, potential systemic distribution, and biopersistence. In addition, little is known about workplace exposure to QD in research, manufacturing, or medical settings. The goal of the present study was to assess pulmonary toxicity, clearance, and biodistribution of QD with different functional groups in rats after pulmonary exposure. METHODS QD were composed of a cadmium-selenide (CdSe) core (~5nm) with a zinc sulfide (ZnS) shell functionalized with carboxyl (QD-COOH) or amine (QD-NH2) terminal groups. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally-instilled (IT) with saline, QD-COOH, or QD-NH2 (12.5, 5.0, or 1.25 μg/rat). On days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 post-IT, the left lung, lung-associated lymph nodes (LALN), heart, kidneys, spleen, liver, brain, and blood were collected for metal analysis of Cd content by neutron activation to evaluate clearance and biodistribution. One right lobe was ligated and fixed for microscopy and histopathological analysis. The remaining right lobes from rats in each group were subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to retrieve BAL fluid and cells for analysis of injury and inflammation. RESULTS Lung injury and inflammation was found to be dose-dependent and peaked at days 7 and 14 post-exposure for both forms of QD, with slight variations in degree of toxicity at early and later time points. Both QD appeared to lose their fluorescent properties and destabilize after 1 week in the lung. Cd persisted up to 28 days for both forms of QD; however, clearance rate was slightly greater for QD-COOH over time. No Cd was detected in the liver, spleen, heart, brain, or blood at any time point. Cd appeared in the LALN and kidneys beginning at 1-2 weeks post-exposure. CONCLUSIONS QD-COOH and QD-NH2 differed in clearance rate and differed slightly in degree of toxicity at different time points; however, the overall pattern of toxicity and biodistribution was similar between the two particles. Toxicity may be dependent on the dissolution rate and bioavailability of free Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny R Roberts
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - James M Antonini
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Dale W Porter
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Rebecca S Chapman
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - James F Scabilloni
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Shih-Houng Young
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Robert R Mercer
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Madani SY, Shabani F, Dwek MV, Seifalian AM. Conjugation of quantum dots on carbon nanotubes for medical diagnosis and treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:941-50. [PMID: 23487255 PMCID: PMC3592558 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s36416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and early detection provides the best possible prognosis for cancer patients. Nanotechnology is the branch of engineering that deals with the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules. This area of science has the potential to help identify cancerous cells and to destroy them by various methods such as drug delivery or thermal treatment of cancer. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and quantum dots (QDs) are the two nanoparticles, which have received considerable interest in view of their application for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Fluorescent nanoparticles known as QDs are gaining momentum as imaging molecules with life science and clinical applications. Clinically they can be used for localization of cancer cells due to their nano size and ability to penetrate individual cancer cells and high-resolution imaging derived from their narrow emission bands compared with organic dyes. CNTs are of interest to the medical community due to their unique properties such as the ability to deliver drugs to a site of action or convert optical energy into thermal energy. By attaching antibodies that bind specifically to tumor cells, CNTs can navigate to malignant tumors. Once at the tumor site, the CNTs enter into the cancer cells by penetration or endocytosis, allowing drug release, and resulting in specific cancer cell death. Alternatively, CNTs can be exposed to near-infrared light in order to thermally destroy the cancer cells. The amphiphilic nature of CNTs allows them to penetrate the cell membrane and their large surface area (in the order of 2600 m2/g) allows drugs to be loaded into the tube and released once inside the cancer cell. Many research laboratories, including our own, are investigating the conjugation of QDs to CNTs to allow localization of the cancer cells in the patient, by imaging with QDs, and subsequent cell killing, via drug release or thermal treatment. This is an area of huge interest and future research and therapy will focus on the multimodality of nanoparticles. In this review, we seek to explore the biomedical applications of QDs conjugated to CNTs, with a particular emphasis on their use as therapeutic platforms in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Yazdan Madani
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College, London, UK
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23
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de Mel A, Oh JT, Ramesh B, Seifalian AM. Biofunctionalized quantum dots for live monitoring of stem cells: applications in regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2012; 7:335-47. [PMID: 22594327 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to live monitor the degree of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) integration onto tissue-engineering scaffolds by conjugating relevant antibodies to quantum dots (QDs). MATERIALS & METHODS Biocompatible mercaptosuccinic acid-coated QDs were functionalized with two different antibodies to EPC (CD133 with QDs of 640 nm wavelength [λ] and later-stage mature EPCs; and von Willebrand factor with QDs of λ595 and λ555 nm) using conventional carbomide and N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. Biofunctionalization was characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Cell viability assays and gross morphology observations confirmed cytocompatibility and normal patterns of celluar growth. The antigens corresponding to each state of cell maturation were determined using a single excitation at λ488 nm. RESULTS The optimal concentrations of antibody-QD conjugates were biocompatible, hemocompatible and determined the state of EPC transformation to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Antibody-functionalized QDs suggest new applications in tissue engineering of polymer-based implants where cell integration can potentially be monitored without requiring the sacrifice of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Nanomedicine and veterinary science: the reality and the practicality. Vet J 2012; 193:12-23. [PMID: 22365842 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a rapidly expanding field with a promising future that is already permeating veterinary science. This review summarises the current applications for nanoparticles in human medicine and explores their potential applicability for veterinary use. The principles underlying the use of nanoparticles in drug delivery, imaging and as vaccine adjuvants are explored along with the unique issues surrounding nanoparticle toxicity and regulatory approval. A brief overview of the properties of different nanoparticle systems including, liposomes, micelles, emulsions and inorganic nanoparticles, is provided, along with a description of their current and potential future applications in veterinary medicine.
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Tomczak N, Jańczewski D, Dorokhin D, Han MY, Vancso GJ. Enabling biomedical research with designer quantum dots. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 811:245-265. [PMID: 22042684 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-388-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quantum Dots (QDs) are a new class of semiconductor nanoparticulate luminophores, which are actively researched for novel applications in biology and nanomedicine. In this review, the recent progress in the design and applications of QD labels for in vitro and in vivo imaging of cells is presented. Surface chemical engineering of hydrophobic QDs is required to render them water soluble and biocompatible. Further surface modification and attachment of bioactive molecules to the surface of QDs, such as peptides, aptamers, or antibodies are intensively explored for targeted imaging of living cells, and disease states in animals. Specially designed surface coatings can drastically decrease nonspecific interactions between QDs and cells, minimize degradation of QDs under in vivo physiological conditions, reduce the cytotoxicity of QDs, and prolong circulation lifetimes in animals. New generations of QD probes are also promising for imaging cellular processes at the single-molecule level. Ultimately, QDs as components of complex therapeutic nanosystems are poised to contribute significantly to the field of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.
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26
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Piel en el siglo XXI. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(11)70483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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27
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Effects of exposure to semiconductor nanoparticles on aquatic organisms. J Toxicol 2011; 2012:397657. [PMID: 22131989 PMCID: PMC3205765 DOI: 10.1155/2012/397657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their unique physical, optical, and mechanical properties, nanomaterials hold great promise in improving on a wide variety of current technologies. Consequently, their use in research and consumer products is increasing rapidly, and contamination of the environment with various nanomaterials seems inevitable. Because surface waters receive pollutants and contaminants from many sources including nanoparticles and act as reservoirs and conduits for many environmental contaminants, understanding the potential impacts of nanoparticles on the organisms within these environments is critical to evaluating their potential toxicity. While there is much to be learned about interactions between nanomaterials and aquatic systems, there have been a number of recent reports of interactions of quantum dots (QDs) with aquatic environments and aquatic organisms. This review is focused on providing a summary of recent work investigating the impacts of quantum dots on aquatic organisms.
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Tan A, Yildirimer L, Rajadas J, De La Peña H, Pastorin G, Seifalian A. Quantum dots and carbon nanotubes in oncology: a review on emerging theranostic applications in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1101-14. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world, and according to the WHO it is projected to continue rising. Current diagnostic modalities for the detection of cancer include the use of x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, among others. The treatment of cancer often involves the use (or combination) of chemotherapeutic drugs, radiotherapy and interventional surgery (for solid and operable tumors). The application of nanotechnology in biology and medicine is advancing rapidly. Recent evidence suggests that quantum dots (QDs) can be used to image cancer cells as they display superior fluorescent properties compared with conventional chromophores and contrast agents. In addition, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as viable candidates for novel chemotherapeutic drug delivery-platforms. The unique photothermal properties of CNTs also allow them to be used in conjunction with near infrared radiation and lasers to thermally ablate cancer cells. Furthermore, mounting evidence indicates that it is possible to conjugate QDs to CNTs, making it possible to exploit their novel attributes in the realm of cancer theranostics (diagnostics and therapy). Here we review the current literature pertaining to the applications of QDs and CNTs in oncology, and also discuss the relevance and implications of nanomedicine in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lara Yildirimer
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Laboratory of Biomaterial & Advanced Drug Delivery, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Hugo De La Peña
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5111, USA
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30
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Hia J, Nasir A. Photonanodermatology: the interface of photobiology, dermatology and nanotechnology. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2011; 27:2-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2010.00536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Cywińska MA, Grudziński IP, Cieszanowski A, Bystrzejewski M, Popławska M. Nanoplatforms for magnetic resonance imaging of cancer. Pol J Radiol 2011; 76:28-36. [PMID: 22802828 PMCID: PMC3389923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of biomedical nanotechnology in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is expect to have a major impact leading to the development of new contrast drug candidates on the nanoscale (1-100 nm) that are able to react with specific biological targets at a molecular level. One of the major challenges in this regard is the construction of nanomaterials, especially used in molecular MRI diagnostics of cancer in vivo, specialized antitumor drug delivery or real-time evaluation of the efficacy of the implemented cancer treatment. In this paper, we tried to gain further insights into current trends of nanomedicine, with special focus on preclinical MRI studies in translation cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A. Cywińska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz P. Grudziński
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,Author’s address: Ireneusz P. Grudziński, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, e-mail:
| | - Andrzej Cieszanowski
- 2nd Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Bystrzejewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Division, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Popławska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Division, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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Liu BR, Huang YW, Chiang HJ, Lee HJ. Cell-penetrating peptide-functionalized quantum dots for intracellular delivery. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 10:7897-905. [PMID: 21121277 PMCID: PMC2999507 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals that are widely used as fluorescent probes in biomedical applications, including cellular imaging and tumor tracking. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), also called protein transduction domains (PTDs), are short basic peptides that permeate cell membranes and are able to deliver a variety of macromolecule cargoes, such as DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and nanomaterials. Here we review strategies to couple QDs to CPPs, by either covalent linkages or noncovalent interactions, to provide a tool to study intracellular delivery. This facilitated transport of QDs by CPPs into cells is both simple and efficient. Accordingly, CPP-QD nanoparticles are likely to be of broad utility in biological research and advance the development of medical and pharmaceutical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty R. Liu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Wern Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-1120, USA
| | - Huey-Jenn Chiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Han-Jung Lee
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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Use of ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to demonstrate decreased serum statin levels after extracorporeal LDL-cholesterol elimination. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2011:912472. [PMID: 21076535 PMCID: PMC2975081 DOI: 10.1155/2011/912472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Using our statin analysis method, it was possible to uncover a significant drop in statin levels (atorvastatin, simvastatin, and metabolites) after extracorporeal LDL-cholesterol elimination (EE) in severe familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The purpose of this work was to identify the mechanism underlying this drop and its clinical significance as well as to propose measures to optimize a pharmacotherapeutical regimen that can prevent the loss of statins. Methods. Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) connected to the triple quadrupole MS/MS system was used. Patients. A group of long-term treated patients (3–12 years of treatment) with severe FH (12 patients) and treated regularly by LDL-apheresis (immunoadsorption) or haemorheopheresis (cascade filtration) were included in this study. Results. After EE, the level of statins and their metabolites decreased (atorvastatin before/after LDL-apheresis: 8.83/3.46 nmol/l; before/after haemorheopheresis: 37.02/18.94 nmol/l). A specific loss was found (concentration of atorvastatin for LDL-apheresis/haemorheopheresis: 0.28/3.04 nmol/l in washing fluids; 11.07 nmol/l in filters). To prevent substantial loss of statin concentrations, a pharmacotherapeutic regimen with a longer time interval between the dose of statins and EE is recommended (15 hours). Conclusions. A specific loss of statins was found in adsorbent columns and filters. The decrease can be prevented by the suggested dosage scheme.
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Tan A, De La Peña H, Seifalian AM. The application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 5:889-900. [PMID: 21116329 PMCID: PMC2990382 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, and it is predicted and projected to continue rising as life expectancy increases. Although patient survival rates for some forms of cancers are high due to clinical advances in treatment protocols, the search for effective cancer vaccines remains the ultimate Rosetta Stone in oncology. Cervarix®, Gardasil®, and hepatitis B vaccines are currently employed in preventing certain forms of viral cancers. However, they are, strictly speaking, not ‘true’ cancer vaccines as they are prophylactic rather than therapeutic, are only effective against the oncogenic viruses, and do not kill the actual cancer cells. On April 2010, a new prostate cancer vaccine Provenge® (sipuleucel-T) was approved by the US FDA, and it is the first approved therapeutic vaccine that utilizes antigen-presenting cell technology involving dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Recent evidence suggests that the use of nanoscale particles like exosomes in immunotherapy could form a viable basis for the development of novel cancer vaccines, via antigen-presenting cell technology, to prime the immune system to recognize and kill cancer cells. Coupled with nanotechnology, engineered exosomes are emerging as new and novel avenues for cancer vaccine development. Here, we review the current knowledge pertaining to exosome technology in immunotherapy and also seek to address the challenges and future directions associated with it, in hopes of bringing this exciting application a step closer toward an effective clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Ghaderi S, Ramesh B, Seifalian AM. Fluorescence nanoparticles “quantum dots” as drug delivery system and their toxicity: a review. J Drug Target 2010; 19:475-86. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.526227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu BR, Li JF, Lu SW, Lee HJ, Huang YW, Shannon KB, Aronstam RS. Cellular internalization of quantum dots noncovalently conjugated with arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 10:6534-43. [PMID: 21137758 PMCID: PMC2999506 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein transduction domains comprised of basic amino acid-rich peptides, can efficiently deliver covalently fused macromolecules into cells. Quantum dots (QDs) are luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals that are finding increasing application in biological imaging. Previous studies showed that protein transduction domains mediate the internalization of covalently attached QDs. In this study, we demonstrate that arginine-rich intracellular delivery peptides (cell-penetrating peptides; CPPs), analogs of naturally-occuring protein transduction domains, deliver noncovalently associated QDs into living cells; CPPs dramatically increase the rate and efficiency of cellular uptake of QD probes. The optimal molecular ratio between arginine-rich CPPs and QD cargoes for cellular internalization is approximately 60:1. Upon entry into cells, the QDs are concentrated in the perinuclear region. There is no cytotoxicity following transport of QDs present at concentrations up to 200 nM. The mechanism for arginine-rich CPP/QD complexes to traverse cell membrane appears to involve a combination of internalization pathways. These results provide insight into the mechanism of arginine-rich CPP delivery of noncovalently attached cargoes, and may provide a powerful tool for imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty R. Liu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Fong Li
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wan Lu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Han-Jung Lee
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. (H.J.L.); (Y.W.H.)
| | - Yue-Wern Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-1120, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. (H.J.L.); (Y.W.H.)
| | - Katie B. Shannon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-1120, USA
| | - Robert S. Aronstam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-1120, USA
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Jin T, Tiwari DK, Tanaka SI, Inouye Y, Yoshizawa K, Watanabe TM. Antibody-protein A conjugated quantum dots for multiplexed imaging of surface receptors in living cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:2325-31. [PMID: 20835432 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To use quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent probes for receptor imaging, QD surface should be modified with biomolecules such as antibodies, peptides, carbohydrates, and small-molecule ligands for receptors. Among these QDs, antibody conjugated QDs are the most promising fluorescent probes. There are many kinds of coupling reactions that can be used for preparing antibody conjugated QDs. Most of the antibody coupling reactions, however, are non-selective and time-consuming. In this paper, we report a facile method for preparing antibody conjugated QDs for surface receptor imaging. We used ProteinA as an adaptor protein for binding of antibody to QDs. By using ProteinA conjugated QDs, various types of antibodies are easily attached to the surface of the QDs via non-covalent binding between the F(c) (fragment crystallization) region of antibody and ProteinA. To show the utility of ProteinA conjugated QDs, HER2 (anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) in KPL-4 human breast cancer cells were stained by using anti-HER2 antibody conjugated ProteinA-QDs. In addition, multiplexed imaging of HER2 and CXCR4 (chemokine receptor) in the KPL-4 cells was performed. The result showed that CXCR4 receptors coexist with HER2 receptors in the membrane surface of KPL-4 cells. ProteinA mediated antibody conjugation to QDs is very useful to prepare fluorescent probes for multiplexed imaging of surface receptors in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Jin
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Rizvi SB, Ghaderi S, Keshtgar M, Seifalian AM. Semiconductor quantum dots as fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bio-molecular and cellular imaging. NANO REVIEWS 2010; 1:NANO-1-5161. [PMID: 22110865 PMCID: PMC3215221 DOI: 10.3402/nano.v1i0.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, biological imaging has seen many advances, allowing scientists to unfold many of the mysteries surrounding biological processes. The ideal imaging resolution would be in nanometres, as most biological processes occur at this scale. Nanotechnology has made this possible with functionalised nanoparticles that can bind to specific targets and trace processes at the cellular and molecular level. Quantum dots (QDs) or semiconductor nanocrystals are luminescent particles that have the potential to be the next generation fluorophores. This paper is an overview of the basics of QDs and their role as fluorescent probes for various biological imaging applications. Their potential clinical applications and the limitations that need to be overcome have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat B Rizvi
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Extracorporeal immunoglobulin elimination for the treatment of severe myasthenia gravis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:419520. [PMID: 20300435 PMCID: PMC2840412 DOI: 10.1155/2010/419520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue. Rarely, long-term stabilization is not possible through the use of thymectomy or any known drug therapy. We present our experience with extracorporeal immunoglobulin (Ig) elimination by immunoadsorption (adsorbers with human Ig antibodies). Acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChRAs) were measured during long-term monitoring (4.7 +/- 2.9 years; range 1.1-8.0). A total of 474 samples (232 pairs) were analyzed, and a drop in AChRA levels was observed (P = .025). The clinical status of patients improved and stabilized. Roughly 6.8% of patients experienced clinically irrelevant side effects. The method of Ig elimination by extracorporeal immunoadsorption (IA) is a clinical application of the recent biotechnological advances. It offers an effective and safe therapy for severe MG even when the disease is resistant to standard therapy.
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Kosaka N, Ogawa M, Sato N, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. In vivo real-time, multicolor, quantum dot lymphatic imaging. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2818-22. [PMID: 19536144 PMCID: PMC3417231 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic network is complex and difficult to visualize in real-time in vivo. Moreover, the direction of flow within lymphatic networks is often unpredictable especially in areas with well-developed "watershed" or overlapping lymphatics. Herein, we report a method of in vivo real-time multicolor lymphatic imaging using cadmium-selenium quantum dots (Qdots) with a fluorescence imaging system that enables the simultaneous visualization of up to five distinct lymphatic basins in real-time. Five visually well-distinguishable carboxyl-Qdots (Qdot 545, 565, 585, 605, and 655) were selected and injected subdermally into mice at five different sites, and serially imaged in vivo or in situ under surgery with real-time multicolor lymphatic imaging. In all seven mice, in vivo lymphatic images successfully distinguished all five lymphatic basins with different colors in real-time. These visualizations of lymph node lasted up to at least 7 days. This method could have a considerable potential in lymphatic research for studying the anatomy and flow within the lymphatic system as well as in some limited clinical settings where real-time visible fluorescence could facilitate procedures under surgery or endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kosaka
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Kosaka N, Ogawa M, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Clinical implications of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in cancer. Future Oncol 2009; 5:1501-11. [PMID: 19903075 PMCID: PMC3413951 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence cancer imaging is a growing field for both preclinical and clinical application to the clinical management for cancer patients due to its advantageous features, including a high spatial resolution, portability, real-time display and detailed molecular profiling with the multiplexed use of fluorescent probes. In this review, we present a basic concept of NIR fluorescence imaging and overview its potential clinical applications for in vivo cancer imaging, including cancer detection/characterization, lymphatic imaging (sentinel lymph node detection) and surgical/endoscopic guidance. NIR fluorescence imaging can compensate some limitations of conventional imaging modalities, and thus it could play an important role for cancer imaging combined with other modalities in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kosaka
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 1B40, MSC1088, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA, Tel.: +1 301 451 4220, Fax: +1 301 402 3191
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Montón H, Nogués C, Rossinyol E, Castell O, Roldán M. QDs versus Alexa: reality of promising tools for immunocytochemistry. J Nanobiotechnology 2009; 7:4. [PMID: 19473541 PMCID: PMC2693426 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-7-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unique photonic properties of the recently developed fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (QDs) have made them a potential tool in biological research. However, QDs are not yet a part of routine laboratory techniques. Double and triple immunocytochemistries were performed in HeLa cell cultures with commercial CdSe QDs conjugated to antibodies. The optical characteristics, due to which QDs can be used as immunolabels, were evaluated in terms of emission spectra, photostability and specificity. RESULTS QDs were used as secondary and tertiary antibodies to detect beta-tubulin (microtubule network), GM130 (Golgi complex) and EEA1 (endosomal system). The data obtained were compared to homologous Alexa Fluor 594 organic dyes. It was found that QDs are excellent fluorochromes with higher intensity, narrower bandwidth values and higher photostability than Alexa dyes in an immunocytochemical process. In terms of specificity, QDs showed high specificity against GM130 and EEA1 primary antibodies, but poor specificity against beta-tubulin. Alexa dyes showed good specificity for all the targets tested. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the great potential of QDs, as they are shown to have superior properties to Alexa dyes. Although their specificity still needs to be improved in some cases, QDs conjugated to antibodies can be used instead of organic molecules in routine immunocytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Montón
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Jayagopal A, Su YR, Blakemore JL, Linton MF, Fazio S, Haselton FR. Quantum dot mediated imaging of atherosclerosis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:165102. [PMID: 19420562 PMCID: PMC2718756 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/16/165102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The progression of atherosclerosis is associated with leukocyte infiltration within lesions. We describe a technique for the ex vivo imaging of cellular recruitment in atherogenesis which utilizes quantum dots (QD) to color-code different cell types within lesion areas. Spectrally distinct QD were coated with the cell-penetrating peptide maurocalcine to fluorescently-label immunomagnetically isolated monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes. QD-maurocalcine bioconjugates labeled both cell types with a high efficiency, preserved cell viability, and did not perturb native leukocyte function in cytokine release and endothelial adhesion assays. QD-labeled monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes were reinfused in an ApoE(-/-) mouse model of atherosclerosis and age-matched controls and tracked for up to four weeks to investigate the incorporation of cells within aortic lesion areas, as determined by oil red O (ORO) and immunofluorescence ex vivo staining. QD-labeled cells were visible in atherosclerotic plaques within two days of injection, and the two cell types colocalized within areas of subsequent ORO staining. Our method for tracking leukocytes in lesions enables high signal-to-noise ratio imaging of multiple cell types and biomarkers simultaneously within the same specimen. It also has great utility in studies aimed at investigating the role of distinct circulating leukocyte subsets in plaque development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwath Jayagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yan Ru Su
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John L Blakemore
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Frederick R Haselton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Preparation and characterization of highly fluorescent, glutathione-coated near infrared quantum dots for in vivo fluorescence imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:2044-2061. [PMID: 19325735 PMCID: PMC2635605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes that emit in the near-infrared (NIR, 700-1,300 nm) region are suitable as optical contrast agents for in vivo fluorescence imaging because of low scattering and absorption of the NIR light in tissues. Recently, NIR quantum dots (QDs) have become a new class of fluorescent materials that can be used for in vivo imaging. Compared with traditional organic fluorescent dyes, QDs have several unique advantages such as size- and composition-tunable emission, high brightness, narrow emission bands, large Stokes shifts, and high resistance to photobleaching. In this paper, we report a facile method for the preparation of highly fluorescent, water-soluble glutathione (GSH)-coated NIR QDs for in vivo imaging. GSH-coated NIR QDs (GSH-QDs) were prepared by surface modification of hydrophobic CdSeTe/CdS (core/shell) QDs. The hydrophobic surface of the CdSeTe/CdS QDs was exchanged with GSH in tetrahydrofuran-water. The resulting GSH-QDs were monodisperse particles and stable in PBS (phosphate buffered saline, pH = 7.4). The GSH-QDs (800 nm emission) were highly fluorescent in aqueous solutions (quantum yield = 22% in PBS buffer), and their hydrodynamic diameter was less than 10 nm, which is comparable to the size of proteins. The cellular uptake and viability for the GSH-QDs were examined using HeLa and HEK 293 cells. When the cells were incubated with aqueous solutions of the GSH-QDs (10 nM), the QDs were taken into the cells and distributed in the perinuclear region of both cells. After 12 hrs incubation of 4 nM of GSH-QDs, the viabilities of HeLa and HEK 293 cells were ca. 80 and 50%, respectively. As a biomedical utility of the GSH-QDs, in vivo NIR-fluorescence imaging of a lymph node in a mouse is presented.
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