1
|
Gui SY, Qiao JC, Xu KX, Li ZL, Chen YN, Wu KJ, Jiang ZX, Hu CY. Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:40-55. [PMID: 35970987 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disruptors and may contribute to the etiology of diabetes. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically review the epidemiological evidence on the associations of PFAS with mortality and morbidity of diabetes and to quantitatively evaluate the summary effect estimates of the existing literature. METHODS We searched three electronic databases for epidemiological studies concerning PFAS and diabetes published before April 1, 2022. Summary odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), or β and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were respectively calculated to evaluate the association between PFAS and diabetes using random-effects model by the exposure type, and dose-response meta-analyses were also performed when possible. We also assessed the risk of bias of the studies included and the confidence in the body of evidence. RESULTS An initial literature search identified 1969 studies, of which 22 studies were eventually included. The meta-analyses indicated that the observed statistically significant PFAS-T2DM associations were consistent in cohort studies, while the associations were almost non-significant in case-control and cross-sectional studies. Dose-response meta-analysis showed a "parabolic-shaped" association between perfluorooctanoate acid (PFOA) exposure and T2DM risk. Available evidence was rated with "low" risk of bias, and the level of evidence for PFAS and incident T2DM was considered "moderate". CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PFAS exposure may increase the risk of incident T2DM, and that PFOA may exert non-monotonic dose-response effect on T2DM risk. Considering the widespread exposure, persistence, and potential for adverse health effects of PFAS, further cohort studies with improvements in expanding the sample size, adjusting the covariates, and considering different types of PFAS exposure at various doses, are needed to elucidate the putative causal associations and potential mode of action of different PFAS on diabetes. IMPACT STATEMENT A growing body of evidence suggests that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disruptors and may contribute to the development of diabetes. However, epidemiological evidence on the associations of PFAS and diabetes is inconsistent. We performed this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize the evidence. The findings of this study suggest that exposure to PFAS may increase diabetes risk among the general population. Reduced exposure to these "forever and everywhere chemicals" may be an important preventative approach to reducing the risk of diabetes across the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jian-Chao Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ke-Xin Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ze-Lian Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yue-Nan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Clinical Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ke-Jia Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zheng-Xuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Cheng-Yang Hu
- Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khalid W, Gill P, Arshad MS, Ali A, Ranjha MMAN, Mukhtar S, Afzal F, Maqbool Z. Functional behavior of DHA and EPA in the formation of babies brain at different stages of age, and protect from different brain-related diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Poonam Gill
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | | | - Shanza Mukhtar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Afzal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Niu L, Hou Y, Jiang M, Bai G. The rich pharmacological activities of Magnolia officinalis and secondary effects based on significant intestinal contributions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114524. [PMID: 34400262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis Cortex (M. officinalis) is a traditional herbal drug widely used in Asian countries. Depending on its multiple biological activities, M. officinalis is used to regulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, relieve cough and asthma, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and treat depression and anxiety. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aimed to review the abundant form of pharmacodynamics activity and potential mechanisms of action of M. officinalis and the characteristics of the internal processes of the main components. The potential mechanisms of local and distance actions of M. officinalis based on GI tract was provided, and it was used to reveal the interconnections between traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published literatures about M. officinalis and its main components were collected from several scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science etc. RESULTS: M. officinalis was shown multiple effects including effects on digestive system, respiratory system, central system, which is consistent with traditional applications, as well as some other activities such as cardiovascular system, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and so on. The mechanisms of these activities are abundant. Its chief ingredients such as magnolol and honokiol can be metabolized into active metabolites in vivo, which can increase water solubility and bioavailability and exert pharmacological activity in the whole body. In the GI tract, M. officinalis and its main ingredient can regulate GI hormones and substance metabolism, protect the intestinal barrier and affect the gut microbiota (GM). These actions are effective to improve local discomfort and some distal symptoms such as depression, asthma, or metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Although M. officinalis has rich pharmacological effects, the GI tract makes great contributions to it. The GI tract is not only an important place for absorption and metabolism but also a key site to help M. officinalis exert local and distal efficacy. Pharmacodynamical studies on the efficacies of distal tissues based on the contributions of the GI tract hold great potential for understanding the benefits of M. officinalis and providing new ideas for the treatment of important diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Donat-Vargas C, Bergdahl IA, Tornevi A, Wennberg M, Sommar J, Kiviranta H, Koponen J, Rolandsson O, Åkesson A. Perfluoroalkyl substances and risk of type II diabetes: A prospective nested case-control study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:390-398. [PMID: 30622063 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have drawn much attention due to bioaccumulation potential and their current omnipresence in human blood. We assessed whether plasma PFAS, suspected to induce endocrine-disrupting effects, were prospectively associated with clinical type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. METHODS We established a nested case-control study within the Swedish prospective population-based Västerbotten Intervention Programme cohort. Several PFAS were measured in plasma from a subset of 124 case-control pairs at baseline (during 1990-2003) and at 10-year follow-up. T2D cases were matched (1:1) according to gender, age and sample date with participants without T2D (controls). Conditional logistic regressions were used to prospectively assess risk of T2D by baseline PFAS plasma concentrations. Associations between long-term PFAS plasma levels (mean of baseline and follow-up) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA2-B%) at follow-up were prospectively explored among 178 and 181 controls, respectively, by multivariable linear regressions. RESULTS After adjusting for gender, age, sample year, diet and body mass index, the odds ratio of T2D for the sum of PFAS (Σ z-score PFAS) was 0.52 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.20, 1.36), comparing third with first tertile; and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.00) per one standard deviation increment of sum of log-transformed PFAS. Among the controls, the adjusted β of HOMA2-IR and HOMA-B% for the sum of PFAS were -0.26 (95% CI: -0.52, -0.01) and -9.61 (95% CI: -22.60, 3.39) respectively comparing third with first tertile. CONCLUSIONS This prospective nested case-control study yielded overall inverse associations between individual PFAS and risk of T2D, although mostly non-significant. Among participants without T2D, long-term PFAS exposure was prospectively associated with lower insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Tornevi
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Sommar
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department for Health Security, Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jani Koponen
- Department for Health Security, Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Echeverría F, Ortiz M, Valenzuela R, Videla LA. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids regulation of PPARs, signaling: Relationship to tissue development and aging. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 114:28-34. [PMID: 27926461 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that function as ligand-dependent transcription factors that can be activated by different types of fatty acids (FAs). Three isoforms of PPARs have been identify, namely, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, which are able to bind long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (LCPUFAs), n-3 LCPUFAs being bound with greater affinity to achieve activation. FA binding induces a conformational change of the nuclear receptors, triggering the transcription of specific genes including those encoding for various metabolic and cellular processes such as FA β-oxidation and adipogenesis, thus representing key mediators of lipid homeostasis. In addition, PPARs have important roles during placental, embryonal, and fetal development, and in the regulation of processes related to aging comprising oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuroprotection. The aim of this review was to assess the role of FAs as PPARs ligands, in terms of their main functions associated with FA metabolism and their relevance in the prevention and treatment of related pathologies during human life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Della-Morte D, Palmirotta R, Rehni AK, Pastore D, Capuani B, Pacifici F, De Marchis ML, Dave KR, Bellia A, Fogliame G, Ferroni P, Donadel G, Cacciatore F, Abete P, Dong C, Pileggi A, Roselli M, Ricordi C, Sbraccia P, Guadagni F, Rundek T, Lauro D. Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics of thiazolidinediones: role in diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:2063-82. [PMID: 25521362 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important goal in the treatment of patients with diabetes is to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the first cause of mortality in these subjects. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of antidiabetic drugs, act as insulin sensitizers increasing insulin-dependent glucose disposal and reducing hepatic glucose output. TZDs including pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and troglitazone, by activating PPAR-γ have shown pleiotropic effects in reducing vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. However, troglitazone was removed from the market due to its hepatoxicity, and rosiglitazone and pioglitazone both have particular warnings due to being associated with heart diseases. Specific genetic variations in genes involved in the pathways regulated by TDZs have demonstrated to modify the variability in treatment with these drugs, especially in their side effects. Therefore, pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics are an important tool in further understand intersubject variability per se but also to assess the therapeutic potential of such variability in drug individualization and therapeutic optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pioglitazone treatment increases survival and prevents body weight loss in tumor-bearing animals: possible anti-cachectic effect. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122660. [PMID: 25807446 PMCID: PMC4373945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by profound involuntary weight loss, fat depletion, skeletal muscle wasting, and asthenia; all symptoms are not entirely attributable to inadequate nutritional intake. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle loss during cancer cachexia development has been described systematically. The former was proposed to precede and be more rapid than the latter, which presents a means for the early detection of cachexia in cancer patients. Recently, pioglitazone (PGZ) was proposed to exhibit anti-cancer properties, including a reduction in insulin resistance and adipose tissue loss; nevertheless, few studies have evaluated its effect on survival. For greater insight into a potential anti-cachectic effect due to PGZ, 8-week-old male Wistar rats were subcutaneously inoculated with 1 mL (2×107) of Walker 256 tumor cells. The animals were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: TC (tumor + saline-control) and TP5 (tumor + PGZ/5 mg). Body weight, food ingestion and tumor growth were measured at baseline and after removal of tumor on days 7, 14 and 26. Samples from different visceral adipose tissue (AT) depots were collected on days 7 and 14 and stored at -80o C (5 to 7 animals per day/group). The PGZ treatment showed an increase in the survival average of 27.3% (P< 0.01) when compared to TC. It was also associated with enhanced body mass preservation (40.7 and 56.3%, p< 0.01) on day 14 and 26 compared with the TC group. The treatment also reduced the final tumor mass (53.4%, p<0.05) and anorexia compared with the TC group during late-stage cachexia. The retroperitoneal AT (RPAT) mass was preserved on day 7 compared with the TC group during the same experimental period. Such effect also demonstrates inverse relationship with tumor growth, on day 14. Gene expression of PPAR-γ, adiponectin, LPL and C/EBP-α from cachectic rats was upregulated after PGZ. Glucose uptake from adipocyte cells (RPAT) was entirely re-established due to PGZ treatment. Taken together, the results demonstrate beneficial effects of PGZ treatment at both the early and final stages of cachexia.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ortuño Sahagún D, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Quintero-Fabián S, López-Roa RI, Rojas-Mayorquín AE. Modulation of PPAR-γ by Nutraceutics as Complementary Treatment for Obesity-Related Disorders and Inflammatory Diseases. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:318613. [PMID: 23251142 PMCID: PMC3515933 DOI: 10.1155/2012/318613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct correlation between adequate nutrition and health is a universally accepted truth. The Western lifestyle, with a high intake of simple sugars, saturated fat, and physical inactivity, promotes pathologic conditions. The main adverse consequences range from cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome to several cancers. Dietary components influence tissue homeostasis in multiple ways and many different functional foods have been associated with various health benefits when consumed. Natural products are an important and promising source for drug discovery. Many anti-inflammatory natural products activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR); therefore, compounds that activate or modulate PPAR-gamma (PPAR-γ) may help to fight all of these pathological conditions. Consequently, the discovery and optimization of novel PPAR-γ agonists and modulators that would display reduced side effects is of great interest. In this paper, we present some of the main naturally derived products studied that exert an influence on metabolism through the activation or modulation of PPAR-γ, and we also present PPAR-γ-related diseases that can be complementarily treated with nutraceutics from functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ortuño Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, camino Ing. R. Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas, 44600 Zapopan JAL, Mexico
| | - A. L. Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., 44270 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - S. Quintero-Fabián
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, camino Ing. R. Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas, 44600 Zapopan JAL, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, 44430 Tlaquepaque, JAL, Mexico
| | - R. I. López-Roa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, 44430 Tlaquepaque, JAL, Mexico
| | - A. E. Rojas-Mayorquín
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, 45100, JAL, Mexico
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Periférico Sur No. 2767, Col, San Jerónimo Lídice, Delegación Magdalena Contreras 10200, México DF, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hyperglycemia induces the variations of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression in hippocampus and hypothalamus of diabetic rats. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:107130. [PMID: 22792090 PMCID: PMC3389711 DOI: 10.1155/2012/107130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we first observed that there were differences in expressions of 11β-HSD1 and PPAR-γ, in hippocampi and hypothalami, among constant hyperglycemia group, control group and the fluctuant glycemia group, using Immunohistochemical analysis. However, whether in expression o f 11β-HSD1 or PPAR-γ, there were no statistic differences between the control group or the fluctuant glycemia group. So, we removed the fluctuant glycemia group, retaining only constant hyperglycemia group and control group, being fed for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of induction, 11β-HSD1 expression increased and PPAR-γ expression decreased in the constant hyperglycemia group compared with control group, both in hippocampi and hypothalami, by Western Blot. The constant hyperglycemia group also showed impaired cognition in MORRIS watermaze, lower serum corticosterone level, and higher Serum ACTH concentration after 8 weeks. We inferred that the cognition impairment may be related to the abnormal expression of 11β-HSD1 and PPAR-γ in central nerves system. As for 11β-HSD1 is a regulating enzyme, converting the inactive 11-dehydrocorticosterone into the active glucocorticoid corticosterone, thus amplifying GC action in local tissues. It is also well known that high local GC levels can affect the cognitive function. In addition, PPAR-a protective receptor, which is related to cognition.
Collapse
|
10
|
Johansson S, Irgens H, Chudasama KK, Molnes J, Aerts J, Roque FS, Jonassen I, Levy S, Lima K, Knappskog PM, Bell GI, Molven A, Njølstad PR. Exome sequencing and genetic testing for MODY. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38050. [PMID: 22662265 PMCID: PMC3360646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Genetic testing for monogenic diabetes is important for patient care. Given the extensive genetic and clinical heterogeneity of diabetes, exome sequencing might provide additional diagnostic potential when standard Sanger sequencing-based diagnostics is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the performance of exome sequencing for a molecular diagnosis of MODY in patients who have undergone conventional diagnostic sequencing of candidate genes with negative results. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed exome enrichment followed by high-throughput sequencing in nine patients with suspected MODY. They were Sanger sequencing-negative for mutations in the HNF1A, HNF4A, GCK, HNF1B and INS genes. We excluded common, non-coding and synonymous gene variants, and performed in-depth analysis on filtered sequence variants in a pre-defined set of 111 genes implicated in glucose metabolism. RESULTS On average, we obtained 45 X median coverage of the entire targeted exome and found 199 rare coding variants per individual. We identified 0-4 rare non-synonymous and nonsense variants per individual in our a priori list of 111 candidate genes. Three of the variants were considered pathogenic (in ABCC8, HNF4A and PPARG, respectively), thus exome sequencing led to a genetic diagnosis in at least three of the nine patients. Approximately 91% of known heterozygous SNPs in the target exomes were detected, but we also found low coverage in some key diabetes genes using our current exome sequencing approach. Novel variants in the genes ARAP1, GLIS3, MADD, NOTCH2 and WFS1 need further investigation to reveal their possible role in diabetes. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that exome sequencing can improve molecular diagnostics of MODY when used as a complement to Sanger sequencing. However, improvements will be needed, especially concerning coverage, before the full potential of exome sequencing can be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henrik Irgens
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kishan K. Chudasama
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janne Molnes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Aerts
- Faculty of Engineering – ESAT/SCD, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Uni Computing, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shawn Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kari Lima
- Division of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Per M. Knappskog
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Graeme I. Bell
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anders Molven
- Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gong J, Campos H, McGarvey S, Wu Z, Goldberg R, Baylin A. Genetic variation in stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 is associated with metabolic syndrome prevalence in Costa Rican adults. J Nutr 2011; 141:2211-8. [PMID: 22049297 PMCID: PMC3223878 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.143503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) activity, a key regulator of lipid metabolism, may be associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We examined the association of genetic variation in the SCD1 gene with the occurrence of MetS and its five components in a population of Costa Rican adults (n = 2152; mean age, 58 y; range, 18-86 y). Associations of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNP) of the SCD1 gene with prevalence of MetS and its five components were analyzed by use of log-Poisson models with robust variance estimates and linear regression models, respectively. The likelihood ratio was used to test potential gene-fatty acid interactive effects with adipose tissue α-linolenic acid. One tagSNP (rs1502593) was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of MetS in the total study sample. Compared with the common homozygous CC genotype, the CT and TT genotypes for rs1502593 were associated with higher prevalence ratios (PR) of MetS for CT vs. CC: [PR = 1.22 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.44)] and for TT vs. CC [PR = 1.24 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.52)]. Among women, we observed borderline positive associations between systolic blood pressure and fasting blood sugar levels and rs1502593 (P = 0.05 and 0.06). Compared to the common haplotype (frequency ≥ 5%) with no minor alleles of SCD1 tagSNP, the other two observed common haplotypes carrying the rs1502593 minor allele were significantly associated with elevated prevalence of MetS. No gene-fatty acid interactive effects were observed. Our results suggest that genetic variation in the SCD1 gene may play a role in the development of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen McGarvey
- Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Zhijin Wu
- Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Robert Goldberg
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang H, Xu X, Chen L, Chen J, Hu L, Jiang H, Shen X. Molecular determinants of magnolol targeting both RXRα and PPARγ. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28253. [PMID: 22140563 PMCID: PMC3226690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors retinoic X receptor α (RXRα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) function potently in metabolic diseases, and are both important targets for anti-diabetic drugs. Coactivation of RXRα and PPARγ is believed to synergize their effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Here we identify the natural product magnolol as a dual agonist targeting both RXRα and PPARγ. Magnolol was previously reported to enhance adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake, ameliorate blood glucose level and prevent development of diabetic nephropathy. Although magnolol can bind and activate both of these two nuclear receptors, the transactivation assays indicate that magnolol exhibits biased agonism on the transcription of PPAR-response element (PPRE) mediated by RXRα:PPARγ heterodimer, instead of RXR-response element (RXRE) mediated by RXRα:RXRα homodimer. To further elucidate the molecular basis for magnolol agonism, we determine both the co-crystal structures of RXRα and PPARγ ligand-binding domains (LBDs) with magnolol. Structural analyses reveal that magnolol adopts its two 5-allyl-2-hydroxyphenyl moieties occupying the acidic and hydrophobic cavities of RXRα L-shaped ligand-binding pocket, respectively. While, two magnolol molecules cooperatively accommodate into PPARγ Y-shaped ligand-binding pocket. Based on these two complex structures, the key interactions for magnolol activating RXRα and PPARγ are determined. As the first report on the dual agonist targeting RXRα and PPARγ with receptor-ligand complex structures, our results are thus expected to help inspect the potential pharmacological mechanism for magnolol functions, and supply useful hits for nuclear receptor multi-target ligand design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Garcia-Dominic O, Treviño RP, Echon RM, Mobley C, Block T, Bizzari A, Michalek J. Improving quality of Food Frequency Questionnaire response in low-income Mexican American children. Health Promot Pract 2011; 13:763-71. [PMID: 21525418 DOI: 10.1177/1524839911405847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors evaluated the validity and reliability of the Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire (BKFFQ) and the Block Kid Screener (BKScreener) in Mexican American children living along the Texas-Mexico border who participated in the National Institutes of Health-funded Proyecto Bienestar Laredo. The Bienestar/NEEMA health program is a school-based diabetes and obesity control program, and the Proyecto Bienestar Laredo is the translation of the Bienestar/NEEMA health program to 38 elementary schools in Laredo, Texas. Par ticipants included 2,376 eight-year-old boys (48%) and girls (52%) from two school districts in Laredo. Two Food Frequency Questionnaire (BKFFQ and BKScreener) dietary intakes were collected, and an expert panel of nutritionist assigned a classification response quality of "Good," "Questionable," and "Poor," based on playfulness (systematic or nonrandom) patterns and completion rates. In addition, both instruments were assessed for reliability (test-retest) in 138 students from a San Antonio School District. Children's height, weight, percentage body fat, reported family history of diabetes, and Texas Assessments of Knowledge and Skills in reading and mathematics scores were collected. This study showed that for Mexican American children living along the Texas-Mexico border, within the time constraints of the classroom, BKScreener yielded better data than the BKFFQ.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zou Y, Zhang M. Inhibitory effect of PPARγ agonist on the proliferation of human pterygium fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:809-14. [PMID: 21181377 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-010-0663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of DK2, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist, on cultured human pterygium fibroblasts (HPFs) in virto were studied. The HPFs were incubated with 0-200 μmol/L DK2 for 12-72 h. The MTT method was used to assay the bio-activity of DK2 at different doses and time. The cytotoxic effect of DK2 was measured by LDH release assay. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were flow cytometrically detected. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in each group was detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The results showed that administration of 1-75 μmol/L DK2 for 12-72 h could significantly inhibit HPF proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. DK2-treated cells did not release significant amount of LDH as compared with rosiglitazone-treated cells. After treatment with DK2 at concentrations of 15, 25 μmol/L for 24 h, the number of HPFs in G(0)/G(1) phase was significantly increased while that in S phase was significantly decreased (P<0.05), leading to arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase. The apoptosis rates of HPF cells in drug-treated groups were significantly higher than the rate of control group (P<0.05). At the dosage range between 15-25 μmol/L, DK2 could inhibit the expression of PCNA mRNA and protein in HPFs in a dose-dependent fashion (P<0.05). It was concluded that PPARγ agonist can significantly inhibit HPF proliferation, resulting in the arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase, induce the apoptosis of HPFs, and suppress the synthesis of PCNA, in dose- and time-dependent manners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Clinical Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443003, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abbott BD, Wood CR, Watkins AM, Das KP, Lau CS. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha, Beta, and gamma mRNA and protein expression in human fetal tissues. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:690907. [PMID: 20706641 PMCID: PMC2913814 DOI: 10.1155/2010/690907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) regulate lipid and glucose homeostasis, are targets of pharmaceuticals, and are also activated by environmental contaminants. Almost nothing is known about expression of PPARs during human fetal development. This study examines expression of PPARalpha, beta, and gamma mRNA and protein in human fetal tissues. With increasing fetal age, mRNA expression of PPARalpha and beta increased in liver, but PPARbeta decreased in heart and intestine, and PPARgamma decreased in adrenal. Adult and fetal mean expression of PPARalpha, beta, and gamma mRNA did not differ in intestine, but expression was lower in fetal stomach and heart. PPARalpha and beta mRNA in kidney and spleen, and PPARgamma mRNA in lung and adrenal were lower in fetal versus adult. PPARgamma in liver and PPARbeta mRNA in thymus were higher in fetal versus adult. PPARalpha protein increased with fetal age in intestine and decreased in lung, kidney, and adrenal. PPARbeta protein in adrenal and PPARgamma in kidney decreased with fetal age. This study provides new information on expression of PPAR subtypes during human development and will be important in evaluating the potential for the developing human to respond to PPAR environmental or pharmaceutical agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D. Abbott
- Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, (MD-67), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Carmen R. Wood
- Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, (MD-67), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Andrew M. Watkins
- Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, (MD-67), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Kaberi P. Das
- Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, (MD-67), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Christopher S. Lau
- Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, (MD-67), Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kinetic assessment and therapeutic modulation of metabolic and inflammatory profiles in mice on a high-fat and cholesterol diet. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:970164. [PMID: 20445733 PMCID: PMC2859407 DOI: 10.1155/2010/970164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of metabolic and inflammatory parameters associated with obesity were evaluated in a murine diet-induced obesity (DIO) model using a diet high in fat and cholesterol. Cellular infiltration and mediator production were assessed and shown to be therapeutically modulated by the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone. C57BL/6 mice were maintained on a 45% fat/ 0.12% cholesterol (HF/CH) or Chow diet for 3, 6, 16, or 27 weeks. Flow cytometry was employed to monitor peripheral blood monocytes and adipose tissue macrophages (ATM). Gene expression and protein analysis methods were used to evaluate mediator production from total epididymal fat (EF), stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and sorted SVF cells. To investigate therapeutic intervention, mice were fed a HF/CH diet for 12 weeks and then a diet formulated with rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg) for an additional 6 weeks. A HF/CH diet correlated with obesity and a dramatic proinflammatory state. Therapeutic intervention with rosiglitazone attenuated the HF/CH induced inflammation. In addition, a novel population was found that expressed the highest levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators CCL2 and IL-6.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fakhrudin N, Ladurner A, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Baumgartner L, Markt P, Schuster D, Ellmerer EP, Wolber G, Rollinger JM, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM. Computer-aided discovery, validation, and mechanistic characterization of novel neolignan activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:559-66. [PMID: 20064974 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.062141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, the currently used PPAR gamma agonists display serious side effects, which has led to a great interest in the discovery of novel ligands with favorable properties. The aim of our study was to identify new PPARgamma agonists by a PPAR gamma pharmacophore-based virtual screening of 3D natural product libraries. This in silico approach led to the identification of several neolignans predicted to bind the receptor ligand binding domain (LBD). To confirm this prediction, the neolignans dieugenol, tetrahydrodieugenol, and magnolol were isolated from the respective natural source or synthesized and subsequently tested for PPAR gamma receptor binding. The neolignans bound to the PPAR gamma LBD with EC(50) values in the nanomolar range, exhibiting a binding pattern highly similar to the clinically used agonist pioglitazone. In intact cells, dieugenol and tetrahydrodieugenol selectively activated human PPAR gamma-mediated, but not human PPAR alpha- or -beta/delta-mediated luciferase reporter expression, with a pattern suggesting partial PPAR gamma agonism. The coactivator recruitment study also demonstrated partial agonism of the tested neolignans. Dieugenol, tetrahydrodieugenol, and magnolol but not the structurally related eugenol induced 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, confirming effectiveness in a cell model with endogenous PPAR gamma expression. In conclusion, we identified neolignans as novel ligands for PPAR gamma, which exhibited interesting activation profiles, recommending them as potential pharmaceutical leads or dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanang Fakhrudin
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blazer-Yost BL. PPARgamma Agonists: Blood Pressure and Edema. PPAR Res 2009; 2010:785369. [PMID: 20069049 PMCID: PMC2801011 DOI: 10.1155/2010/785369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Side effects of drug treatment include both fluid retention and a lowering of blood pressure. Data from animal and human studies suggest that these effects arise, at least in part, from drug-induced changes in the kidney. In order to capitalize on the positive aspect (lowering of blood pressure) and exclude the negative one (fluid retention), it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of action underlying each of the effects. When interpreted with known physiological principles, current hypotheses regarding potential mechanisms produce enigmas that are difficult to resolve. This paper is a summary of the current understanding of PPARgamma agonist effects on both blood pressure and fluid retention from a renal perspective and concludes with the newest studies that suggest alternative pathways within the kidney that could contribute to the observed drug-induced effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L. Blazer-Yost
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL 358 Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rizos CV, Liberopoulos EN, Mikhailidis DP, Elisaf MS. Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9:1087-108. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.7.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|