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Patel N, Patel N, Pal S, Nathani N, Pandit R, Patel M, Patel N, Joshi C, Parekh B. Distinct gut and vaginal microbiota profile in women with recurrent implantation failure and unexplained infertility. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:113. [PMID: 35413875 PMCID: PMC9004033 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female reproductive tract dysbiosis impacts implantation. However, whether gut dysbiosis influences implantation failure and whether it accompanies reproductive tract dysbiosis remains scantly explored. Herein, we examined the gut-vaginal microbiota axis in infertile women. METHODS We recruited 11 fertile women as the controls, and a cohort of 20 infertile women, 10 of whom had recurrent implantation failure (RIF), and another 10 had unexplained infertility (UE). Using amplicon sequencing, which employs PCR to create sequences of DNA called amplicon, we compared the diversity, structure, and composition of faecal and vaginal bacteria of the controls with that of the infertile cohort. Of note, we could only sequence 8 vaginal samples in each group (n = 24/31). RESULT Compared with the controls, α-diversity and β-diversity of the gut bacteria among the infertile groups differed significantly (p < 0.05). Taxa analysis revealed enrichment of Gram-positive bacteria in the RIF group, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were relatively abundant in the UE group. Strikingly, mucus-producing genera declined in the infertile cohort (p < 0.05). Hungatella, associated with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production, were enriched in the infertile cohort (p < 0.05). Vaginal microbiota was dominated by the genus Lactobacillus, with Lactobacillus iners AB-1 being the most abundant species across the groups. Compared with the infertile cohort, overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, associated with vaginal dysbiosis, such as Leptotrichia and Snethia, occurred in the controls. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota had little influence on the vaginal microbiota. Gut dysbiosis and vaginal eubiosis occurred in the infertile women, whereas the opposite trend occurred in the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayna Patel
- Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Lambhvel Road, Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, 387310, India
| | - Nidhi Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Sejal Pal
- Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Lambhvel Road, Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, 387310, India
| | - Neelam Nathani
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India.,School of Applied Sciences & Technology (SAST-GTU), Gujarat Technological University, Visat - Gandhinagar Road, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382424, India
| | - Ramesh Pandit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Molina Patel
- Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Lambhvel Road, Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, 387310, India
| | - Niket Patel
- Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Lambhvel Road, Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, 387310, India
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382011, India
| | - Bhavin Parekh
- Akanksha Hospital and Research Institute, Lambhvel Road, Lambhvel, Anand, Gujarat, 387310, India.
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Mohammadzadeh A, Roshanravan N, Mesri Alamdari N, Safaiyan A, Mosharkesh E, Hadi A, Barati M, Ostadrahimi A. The interplay between fasting, gut microbiota, and lipid profile. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14591. [PMID: 34227218 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the consequence of Ramadan fasting on gut bacterium (Bacteroides and Firmicutes), serum concentration for butyrate, and lipid profile. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects were enlisted and investigated two times (before and at the end of Ramadan). Fasting blood samples were obtained for measuring fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile and serum butyrate concentration. Anthropometrics variables were measured before and after Ramadan for all 30 subjects. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, targeting the genome of Bacteroides and Firmicutes was performed to determine its presence in the stool samples. Food intake was assessed by a 3-day food record before and after Ramadan. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS ver.13 and Minitab ver.17. P < 0.05 considered the level of significance. RESULTS The study results showed that serum levels of butyrate significantly increase during the month from 0.23 ± 0.02 mM to 0.46 ± 0.03 mM (P < 0.05). The gut Bacteroides and Firmicutes increased by 21 and 13 percent after Ramadan compared to before (P < 0.05). The increment in Bacteroides occurred in both sexes, but Firmicutes significantly increased only in women. Food intake was decreased during Ramadan. Ramadan fasting caused significant reduction in BMI from 25.72 ± 0.58 kg/m2to 25.25 ± 0.55 kg/m2 (P < 0.05). Serum levels of LDL, HDL, LDL/HDL ratio, and total cholesterol significantly decreased during Ramadan (P < 0.05). However, the decrease in FBS and TG level were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION It can be stated that the promotion of Bacteroides and Firmicutes in the gut might play a crucial role in health promotion. However, more research is needed to achieve a definite conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Mohammadzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Abdolrasoul Safaiyan
- Road Traffic Centre, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz Medical Science University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Erfan Mosharkesh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Meisam Barati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Wu Y, Li X, Tan F, Zhou X, Mu J, Zhao X. Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC07 attenuates obesity, inflammation and dyslipidemia by modulating the antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2021; 18:5. [PMID: 33531053 PMCID: PMC7852154 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is an epidemic disease in the world, the treatment and prevention of obesity methods have gained great attention. Lactobacillus is the main member of probiotics, and the physiological activity of it is specific to different strains. This study systematically explored the anti-obesity effect and possible mechanism of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC07 (LF-CQPC07), which was isolated from pickled vegetables. Results LF-CQPC07 effectively controlled the weight gain of mice caused by a high-fat diet. The results of pathological sections indicated that LF-CQPC07 alleviated hepatocyte damage and fat accumulation in adipocytes. The detection of biochemical indictors revealed that LF-CQPC07 decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Additionally, LF-CQPC07 caused the decrease in the amounts of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the increase in the amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4. LF-CQPC07 also decreased the amounts of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Confirmed by qPCR, LF-CQPC07 enhanced the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). It also increased the mRNA expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and decreased that of PPAR-γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α) in the liver of mice. Conclusion This research confirmed that LF-CQPC07 is capable of ameliorating obesity, improving hyperlipemia, and alleviating chronic low-grade inflammation and liver injury accompanied with obesity. Its mechanism may be the regulation of antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism. Therefore, LF-CQPC07 has enormous potential to serve as a potential probiotic for the prevention or treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xueya Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, 659 Yunan Avenue, Longzhouwan Street, Banan District, Chongqing, 401320, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, 838, Valenzuela, Philippines
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Xuefu Main Street 9 Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.
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Yi R, Tan F, Zhou X, Mu J, Li L, Du X, Yang Z, Zhao X. Effects of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC04 on Lipid Reduction in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:573586. [PMID: 33013810 PMCID: PMC7494803 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are functional foods that can effectively regulate lipid reduction and maintain body health. In this study, a strain of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC04 (LF-CQPC04) isolated from traditional naturally fermented vegetables (Sichuan pickles) was studied, and its effects on lipid reduction in mice, as well as its mechanism of action, were observed. The results of this experiment show that LF-CQPC04 can reduce the abnormal weight gain and abnormal visceral index of mice caused by a high-fat diet. LF-CQPC04 can decrease TG (triglycerides), TC (total cholesterol), LDL-c (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), AST (aspartate transaminase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), and AKP (alkaline phosphatase) levels and increase HDL-c (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels in the serum of high-fat mice. LF-CQPC04 can also decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), and IFN-γ (interferon gamma), and increase IL-4 and IL-10 levels in the serum of high-fat mice. The results of RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and western blot experiments show that LF-CQPC04 can also down-regulate the expression of PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), C/EBP-α (CCAAT/enhances binding protein alpha) mRNA, and protein in the liver tissue of high-fat mice, while up-regulating the expression of Cu/Zn-SOD (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase), Mn-SOD (manganese superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase), PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha), CPT1 (carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1), LPL (lipoprotein lipase), and ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1). Moreover, LF-CQPC04 shows stronger effects in regulating lipid reduction in mice than L-carnitine and commercial LB (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus) bacteria. LF-CQPC04 is beneficial for lipid reduction in animals and has good probiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruokun Yi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela, Philippines
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiping Du
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
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Moludi J, Maleki V, Jafari‐Vayghyan H, Vaghef‐Mehrabany E, Alizadeh M. Metabolic endotoxemia and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review about potential roles of prebiotics and probiotics. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:927-939. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Moludi
- School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center Imam Reza Hospital Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Vaghef‐Mehrabany
- Nutrition Research Center Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Barczyńska R, Litwin M, Sliżewska K, Szalecki M, Berdowska A, Bandurska K, Libudzisz Z, Kapuśniak J. Bacterial Microbiota and Fatty Acids in the Faeces of Overweight and Obese Children. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:339-345. [PMID: 30451451 PMCID: PMC7256813 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing number of children with overweight and obesity constitutes a major health problem of the modern world and it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota may influence energy intake from food. The objectives of this study were to determine quantity and proportions of dominant genera of Bacteroides, Prevotella (phylum Bacteroidetes); Clostridium, Lactobacillus (phylum Firmicutes) and Bifidobacterium (phylum Actinobacteria) in the intestines and to determine the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in the stool of 20 obese children and 20 children with normal body weight. Strains classified as Firmicutes (Clostridium and Lactobacillus) predominated in stool microbiota of obese children, while those of Bacteroidetes (Prevotella and Bacteroides) were in minority (p < 0.001). Concentration of SCFAs in the stool of obese children was lower in comparison to the stool of normal weight children (p = 0.04). However, these differences were significant only in obese children, not in overweight children in comparison with the lean ones. Therefore, in our study obesity was associated with intestinal dysbiosis and a predominance of phylum Firmicutes. Secondly, stool of obese children contained lower amounts of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Barczyńska
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Sliżewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Szalecki
- The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Berdowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bandurska
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Zdzisława Libudzisz
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Kapuśniak
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
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Shao Y, Ding R, Xu B, Hua R, Shen Q, He K, Yao Q. Alterations of Gut Microbiota After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Obes Surg 2017; 27:295-302. [PMID: 27440168 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to compare gut microbiota post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to RYGB, SG, or sham surgery. Body weight was measured. Fecal samples were collected before and 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks postoperatively. Fecal microbiota was profiled by 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing and analyzed using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) to determine the α and β diversities of gut microbiota. RESULTS The body weight of the RYGB and SG group was significantly lower than that of the sham group. Unweighted UniFrac-based principal coordinate analysis of 5,323,091 sequences from 85 fecal samples from 17 rats revealed a distinct cluster of gut microbiota post RYGB from SG and sham surgery. The percentage of Proteobacteria in the SG and sham group remained markedly lower than that of the RYGB group from 3 weeks postoperatively, while the proportion of Gammaproteobacteria in the RYGB group was significantly higher than that of the SG group and the sham group from 3 weeks postoperatively. Furthermore, the RYGB group was postoperatively enriched for Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidaceae, whereas the SG group was postoperatively enriched for Desulfovibrionaceae and Cyanobacteria. Compared to the pre-operative parameters, the RYGB group had a persistent increase in the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and a decrease in the Shannon index, while the SG group only transiently exhibited these changes within the first week after surgery. The relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was negatively correlated, whereas the Shannon index was positively correlated with weight after surgery. CONCLUSIONS RYGB, but not SG, alters the gut microbiota of Sprague-Dawley rats. RYGB also reduces the diversity of gut microbiota. Furthermore, the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria negatively correlates with postoperative body weight and may be one of the potential contributors to stable weight loss after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Shao
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Shen
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai He
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyuan Yao
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Utzeri E, Usai P. Role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on intestinal permeability and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3954-3963. [PMID: 28652650 PMCID: PMC5473116 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i22.3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of digestive system complications in the course of their use. Recent data suggests that the complications of the lower gastro-intestinal tract may be as frequent and severe as those of the upper tract. NSAIDs enteropathy is due to enterohepatic recycling of the drugs resulting in a prolonged and repeated exposure of the intestinal mucosa to the compound and its metabolites. Thus leading to so-called topical effects, which, in turn, lead to an impairment of the intestinal barrier. This process determines bacterial translocation and toxic substances of intestinal origin in the portal circulation, leading to an endotoxaemia. This condition could determine a liver inflammatory response and might promote the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, mostly in patients with risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and a high fat diet, which may induce a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis. This alteration of gut microbiota may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related disorders in two ways: firstly causing a malfunction of the tight junctions that play a critical role in the increase of intestinal permeability, and then secondly leading to the development of insulin resistance, body weight gain, lipogenesis, fibrogenesis and hepatic oxidative stress.
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Bian X, Chi L, Gao B, Tu P, Ru H, Lu K. The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178426. [PMID: 28594855 PMCID: PMC5464538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners have been widely used in the modern diet, and their observed effects on human health have been inconsistent, with both beneficial and adverse outcomes reported. Obesity and type 2 diabetes have dramatically increased in the U.S. and other countries over the last two decades. Numerous studies have indicated an important role of the gut microbiome in body weight control and glucose metabolism and regulation. Interestingly, the artificial sweetener saccharin could alter gut microbiota and induce glucose intolerance, raising questions about the contribution of artificial sweeteners to the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. Acesulfame-potassium (Ace-K), a FDA-approved artificial sweetener, is commonly used, but its toxicity data reported to date are considered inadequate. In particular, the functional impact of Ace-K on the gut microbiome is largely unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of Ace-K on the gut microbiome and the changes in fecal metabolic profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. We found that Ace-K consumption perturbed the gut microbiome of CD-1 mice after a 4-week treatment. The observed body weight gain, shifts in the gut bacterial community composition, enrichment of functional bacterial genes related to energy metabolism, and fecal metabolomic changes were highly gender-specific, with differential effects observed for males and females. In particular, ace-K increased body weight gain of male but not female mice. Collectively, our results may provide a novel understanding of the interaction between artificial sweeteners and the gut microbiome, as well as the potential role of this interaction in the development of obesity and the associated chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Bian
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Khan F, Oloketuyi SF. A future perspective on neurodegenerative diseases: nasopharyngeal and gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 122:306-320. [PMID: 27740729 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are considered a serious life-threatening issue regardless of age. Resulting nerve damage progressively affects important activities, such as movement, coordination, balance, breathing, speech and the functioning of vital organs. Reports on the subject have concluded that neurodegenerative disease can be caused by mutations of susceptible genes, alcohol consumption, toxins, chemicals and other unknown environmental factors. Although several diagnostic techniques can be used to determine aetiologies, the process is difficult and often fails. Research shows that nasopharyngeal and gut microbiota play important roles in brain to spinal cord coordination. However, no conclusive epidemiologic evidence is available on the roles played by respiratory and gut microbiota in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, understanding the connection between respiratory and gut microbiota and the nervous system could provide information on causal links. The present review describes future perspectives on the role played by nasopharyngeal and gut microbiota in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - S F Oloketuyi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
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Milligan G, Shimpukade B, Ulven T, Hudson BD. Complex Pharmacology of Free Fatty Acid Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 117:67-110. [PMID: 27299848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are historically the most successful family of drug targets. In recent times it has become clear that the pharmacology of these receptors is far more complex than previously imagined. Understanding of the pharmacological regulation of GPCRs now extends beyond simple competitive agonism or antagonism by ligands interacting with the orthosteric binding site of the receptor to incorporate concepts of allosteric agonism, allosteric modulation, signaling bias, constitutive activity, and inverse agonism. Herein, we consider how evolving concepts of GPCR pharmacology have shaped understanding of the complex pharmacology of receptors that recognize and are activated by nonesterified or "free" fatty acids (FFAs). The FFA family of receptors is a recently deorphanized set of GPCRs, the members of which are now receiving substantial interest as novel targets for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Further understanding of the complex pharmacology of these receptors will be critical to unlocking their ultimate therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bharat Shimpukade
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Radilla-Vázquez RB, Parra-Rojas I, Martínez-Hernández NE, Márquez-Sandoval YF, Illades-Aguiar B, Castro-Alarcón N. Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Young Obese Mexican Subjects. Obes Facts 2016; 9:1-11. [PMID: 26745497 PMCID: PMC5644836 DOI: 10.1159/000442479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism; previous studies suggest that the imbalance can cause a metabolic endotoxemia that may be linked to weight gain and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota composition, the lipopolysaccharide levels and the metabolic profile in obese and normal-weight young subjects. METHODS We studied 32 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 32 normal-weight subjects (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), aged 18-25 years. Quantification of intestinal bacteria was performed by real-time PCR. Endotoxin units were determined with the test QCL-1000, and biochemical profile was performed under a standard protocol of Spinreact. RESULTS Obese individuals had a BMI of 34.5 (32.9-36.45) kg/m2, increased triglycerides (123 vs. 70 mg/dl), total cholesterol (168 vs. 142 mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol (114 vs. 96.5 mg/dl). In obese subjects body temperature was higher than in normal-weight subjects. We found a greater number of Clostridum leptum and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) and lower numbers of Prevotella and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001) in the obese group. A decrease of E. coli was associated with an increased risk of lipopolysaccharide levels ranging from 1 to 1.3 EU/ml. A positive correlation was found between serum lipopolysaccharides and BMI (r = 0.46, p = 0.008), triglyceride levels (r = 0.44, p = 0.011) as well as waist circumference (r = 0.34, p = 0.040), being more evident in young obese females. CONCLUSION Subclinical metabolic endotoxemia determined by serum concentration of lipopolysaccharides was related to the smallest amount of E. coli, high triglyceride levels, and central adiposity in obese young persons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | | | - Yolanda Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Cuerpo Académico 454, Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricional, Departamento de Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Natividad Castro-Alarcón
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
- *Natividad Castro-Alarcón PhD, Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39014 Chilpancingo, México,
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Unno T, Choi JH, Hur HG, Sadowsky MJ, Ahn YT, Huh CS, Kim GB, Cha CJ. Changes in human gut microbiota influenced by probiotic fermented milk ingestion. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3568-76. [PMID: 25864056 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of consuming probiotic fermented milk (PFM) on the microbial community structure in the human intestinal tract by using high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing. Six healthy adults ingested 2 servings of PFM daily for 3 wk, and their fecal microbiota were analyzed before and after 3 wk of PFM ingestion period and for another 3 wk following the termination of PFM ingestion (the noningestion period). Fecal microbial communities were characterized by sequencing of the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. All subjects showed a similar pattern of microbiota at the phylum level, where the relative abundance of Bacteriodetes species increased during the PFM ingestion period and decreased during the noningestion period. The increase in Bacteroidetes was found to be due to an increase in members of the families Bacteroidaceae or Prevotellaceae. In contrast to PFM-induced adaptation at the phylum level, the taxonomic composition at the genus level showed a considerable alteration in fecal microbiota induced by PFM ingestion. As revealed by analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTU), the numbers of shared OTU were low among the 3 different treatments (before, during, and after PFM ingestion), but the abundance of the shared OTU was relatively high, indicating that the majority (>77.8%) of total microbiota was maintained by shared OTU during PFM ingestion and after its termination. Our results suggest that PFM consumption could alter microbial community structure in the gastrointestinal tract of adult humans while maintaining the stability of microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hor-Gil Hur
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate; and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - Young-Tae Ahn
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co. Ltd., Yongin 446-901, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Sung Huh
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Jun Cha
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Republic of Korea.
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Establishment of intestinal microbiota during early life: a longitudinal, explorative study of a large cohort of Danish infants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2889-900. [PMID: 24584251 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00342-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal samples were obtained from a cohort of 330 healthy Danish infants at 9, 18, and 36 months after birth, enabling characterization of interbacterial relationships by use of quantitative PCR targeting 31 selected bacterial 16S rRNA gene targets representing different phylogenetic levels. Nutritional parameters and measures of growth and body composition were determined and investigated in relation to the observed development in microbiota composition. We found that significant changes in the gut microbiota occurred, particularly from age 9 to 18 months, when cessation of breastfeeding and introduction of a complementary feeding induce replacement of a microbiota characterized by lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae with a microbiota dominated by Clostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp. Classification of samples by a proxy enterotype based on the relative levels of Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp. showed that enterotype establishment occurs between 9 and 36 months. Thirty percent of the individuals shifted enterotype between 18 and 36 months. The composition of the microbiota was most pronouncedly influenced by the time of cessation of breastfeeding. From 9 to 18 months, a positive correlation was observed between the increase in body mass index and the increase of the short-chain-fatty-acid-producing clostridia, the Clostridum leptum group, and Eubacterium hallii. Considering previously established positive associations between rapid infant weight gain, early breastfeeding discontinuation, and later-life obesity, the corresponding microbial findings seen here warrant attention.
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Li HP, Chen X, Li MQ. Butyrate alleviates metabolic impairments and protects pancreatic β cell function in pregnant mice with obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:1574-1584. [PMID: 23923076 PMCID: PMC3726973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The relative or absolute deficiency of pancreatic β-cell mass function underlies the pathogenesis of diabetes. It is necessary to alleviate the metabolic stress and reduce the demand for insulin to decrease the effects of mutations affecting β-cell expansion. Butyrate is a natural nutrient existed in food and can also be produced physiologically through the intestinal fermentation of fiber. Pregnancy and obesity model would be helpful for understanding how β-cell adapt to insulin resistance and how butyrate alleviate the metabolic impairment and protect pancreatic β cell function in pregnant mice with obesity. C57BL/6J female mice were divided into three groups and fed with high fat food (HF group, 40% energy from fat), high fat with sodium butyrate food (HSF group, 95% HF with 5% butyrate), or control food (CF group, 14% energy from fat), respectively. The feeding would last for 14 weeks before mating and throughout the gestation period. A subset of dams were sacrificed at gestational day (GD) 14.5 to evaluate the changes of metabolism and β-cell function, mass, proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory reaction of islet from different diet. Pancreases were double immuno-labeled to assess the islet morphology, insulin expression, expression of proliferation gene PCNA and anti-apoptosis gene bcl-2. Moreover, we detected the expression of NF-κB, phosphorylated NF-κB (pNF-κB) to evaluate the islet inflammatory response with immunohistochemistry. Mice fed with HSF showed obviously changes including the decreased values of weight gain, glucose, insulin, triglyceride and total cholesterol level of blood compared with high fat diet group, and the reduced circulating maternal pro-inflammation factors at GD14.5. Mice fed with HF displayed β-cell hyperplasia with a greater β-cell size and β-cell area in pancreas. Furthermore, the higher ratio of apoptosis and inflammatory response were found in HF group compared with HSF and CF group, while the proliferation rates of β-cell increased in HF group, but not in HSF or CF. Butyrate shows an obvious function of anti-obesity, and can alleviate the metabolic stress, maintain the β-cell function and protect them from inflammatory response in pregnant obese mouse without obvious fetus toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ping Li
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, the 6th People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 6th People’s HospitalShanghai 200233, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, the first people’s Hospital of Wujiang District of Suzhou CitySuzhou 215200, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghai, 200011, China
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Sepp E, Lõivukene K, Julge K, Voor T, Mikelsaar M. The association of gut microbiota with body weight and body mass index in preschool children of Estonia. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2013; 24:19231. [PMID: 24009544 PMCID: PMC3758928 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v24i0.19231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota has been shown to affect both fat storage and energy harvesting, suggesting that it plays a direct role in the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intestinal colonization by particular species/groups of the intestinal microbiota is related to body weight values in Estonian preschool children born in different years during the entire 1990s. Methods Body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and quantitative composition of cultivable gut microbiota (staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, lactobacilli, anaerobic gram-positive cocci, bifidobacteria, eubacteria, bacteroides, clostridia, and candida) were studied in 51 healthy 5-year-old children (40 were born between 1993 and 94 and 11 were born between 1996 and 97). Results At the age of 5 years, median weight was 19.5 kg and median BMI was 15.3 kg/m2. Significantly higher BMI (p=0.006) was found in 5-year-old children born in late versus early 1990s during the development of socioeconomic situation of Estonia (2% rise in gross domestic product). The counts of the different gut bacteria did not show any association with weight and BMI in the 5-year-old children. However, the BMI values were in positive correlation with a relative share of anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, for example, bifidobacteria when adjusted for sex and year of birth (adj R2=0.459, p=0.026) and eubacteria (adj R2=0.484, p=0.014) in the community of cultured intestinal microbiota. The relative share of bacteroides showed a negative correlation with the childrens’ weight (adj R2=− 0.481, p=0.015). Conclusion The body weight indices of preschool children of the general population are associated with the proportion of anaerobic intestinal microbiota and can be predicted by sex and particular socioeconomic situation from birth to 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Epp Sepp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Omar JM, Chan YM, Jones ML, Prakash S, Jones PJ. Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus amylovorus as probiotics alter body adiposity and gut microflora in healthy persons. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Luoto R, Laitinen K, Nermes M, Isolauri E. Impact of maternal probiotic-supplemented dietary counseling during pregnancy on colostrum adiponectin concentration: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Early Hum Dev 2012; 88:339-44. [PMID: 21945174 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breast milk bioactive substances such as adiponectin, have a presumably long-term impact upon the health and well-being of a child. AIM To determine the impact of probiotic-supplemented dietary counseling during pregnancy on colostrum adiponectin concentration. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Altogether 256 pregnant women were randomized into three study groups: dietary intervention with probiotics (diet/probiotics) or with placebo (diet/placebo) and a control group (control/placebo). The intervention group received dietary counseling provided by a nutritionist, the main focus being the amount and the type of dietary fat. The probiotics used were Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis in combination. Dietary intake was evaluated by food records at every trimester of pregnancy. Breast milk samples were collected after birth (colostrum) for adiponectin concentration analysis (n=181). RESULTS The dietary intervention increased the colostrum adiponectin concentration (ng/mL, geometric mean [95% CI]), the difference being significant when comparing to the control group; 12.7 [10.6-29.7] vs. 10.2 [9.9-13.2], P=0.024. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy (kg) correlated inversely with colostrum adiponectin concentration; β (SE)=-1.7 (0.1), P=0.020, and gestational diabetes mellitus was associated with the likelihood of adiponectin concentration falling into the lowest quartile; OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.1-3.2, P=0.028. CONCLUSIONS In showing that the colostrum adiponectin concentration is markedly dependent on maternal diet and nutritional status during pregnancy, and considering that colostrum adiponectin has potential effects on metabolism, nutrition, and immune function in the neonates, the results of this study underscore the importance of the metabolic homeostasis of the mother for the child's initial nutritional environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raakel Luoto
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Peris-Bondia F, Latorre A, Artacho A, Moya A, D'Auria G. The active human gut microbiota differs from the total microbiota. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22448. [PMID: 21829462 PMCID: PMC3145646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is considered one of the most fascinating reservoirs of microbial diversity hosting between 400 to 1000 bacterial species distributed among nine phyla with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria representing around 75% of the diversity. One of the most intriguing issues relates to understanding which microbial groups are active players in the maintenance of the microbiota homeostasis.Here, we describe the diversity of active microbial fractions compared with the whole community from raw human fecal samples. We studied four healthy volunteers by 16S rDNA gene pyrosequencing. The fractions were obtained by cell sorting based on bacterial RNA concentration. Bacterial families were observed to appear or disappear on applying a cell sorting method in which flow cytometry was used to evaluate the active cells by pyronin-Y staining of RNA. This method was able to detect active bacteria, indicating that the active players differed from that observed in raw fecal material. Generally, observations showed that in the active fractions, the number of reads related to Bacteroidetes decreased whereas several families from Clostridiales (Firmicutes) were more highly represented. Moreover, a huge number of families appeared as part of the active fraction when cell sorting was applied, indicating reads that are simply statistically hidden by the total reads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Peris-Bondia
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP) - Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP) - Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP) - Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP) - Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe D'Auria
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP) - Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:636-43. [PMID: 20216555 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In spite of the much evidence for the beneficial effects of probiotics, their anti-obesity effects have not been well examined. We evaluated the effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) on abdominal adiposity, body weight and other body measures in adults with obese tendencies. SUBJECTS/METHODS We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial. Subjects (n=87) with higher body mass index (BMI) (24.2-30.7 kg/m(2)) and abdominal visceral fat area (81.2-178.5 cm(2)) were randomly assigned to receive either fermented milk (FM) containing LG2055 (active FM; n=43) or FM without LG2055 (control FM; n=44), and were asked to consume 200 g/day of FM for 12 weeks. Abdominal fat area was determined by computed tomography. RESULTS In the active FM group, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat areas significantly (P<0.01) decreased from baseline by an average of 4.6% (mean (confidence interval): -5.8 (-10.0, -1.7) cm(2)) and 3.3% (-7.4 (-11.6, -3.1) cm(2)), respectively. Body weight and other measures also decreased significantly (P<0.001) as follows: body weight, 1.4% (-1.1 (-1.5, -0.7) kg); BMI, 1.5% (-0.4 (-0.5, -0.2) kg/m(2)); waist, 1.8% (-1.7 (-2.1, -1.4) cm); hip, 1.5% (-1.5 (-1.8, -1.1) cm). In the control group, by contrast, none of these parameters decreased significantly. High-molecular weight adiponectin in serum increased significantly (P<0.01) in the active and control groups by 12.7% (0.17 (0.07, 0.26) microg/ml) and 13.6% (0.23 (0.07, 0.38) microg/ml), respectively. CONCLUSION The probiotic LG2055 showed lowering effects on abdominal adiposity, body weight and other measures, suggesting its beneficial influence on metabolic disorders.
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Nakamura S, Tanaka IB, Tanaka S, Nakaya K, Sakata N, Oghiso Y. Adiposity in Female B6C3F1 Mice Continuously Irradiated with Low-Dose-Rate γ Rays. Radiat Res 2010; 173:333-41. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1962.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Santacruz A, Marcos A, Wärnberg J, Martí A, Martin-Matillas M, Campoy C, Moreno LA, Veiga O, Redondo-Figuero C, Garagorri JM, Azcona C, Delgado M, García-Fuentes M, Collado MC, Sanz Y. Interplay between weight loss and gut microbiota composition in overweight adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:1906-15. [PMID: 19390523 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of an obesity treatment program on the gut microbiota and body weight of overweight adolescents. Thirty-six adolescents (13-15 years), classified as overweight according to the International Obesity Task Force BMI criteria, were submitted to a calorie-restricted diet (10-40%) and increased physical activity (15-23 kcal/kg body weight/week) program over 10 weeks. Gut bacterial groups were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR before and after the intervention. A group of subjects (n=23) experienced >4.0 kg weight loss and showed significant BMI (P=0.030) and BMI z-score (P=0.035) reductions after the intervention, while the other group (n=13) showed <2.0 kg weight loss. No significant differences in dietary intake were found between both groups. In the whole adolescent population, the intervention led to increased Bacteroides fragilis group (P=0.001) and Lactobacillus group (P=0.030) counts, and to decreased Clostridium coccoides group (P=0.028), Bifidobacterium longum (P=0.031), and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (P=0.044) counts. In the high weight-loss group, B. fragilis group and Lactobacillus group counts also increased (P=0.001 and P=0.007, respectively), whereas C. coccoides group and B. longum counts decreased (P=0.001 and P=0.044, respectively) after the intervention. Total bacteria, B. fragilis group and Clostridium leptum group, and Bifidobacterium catenulatum group counts were significantly higher (P<0.001-0.036) while levels of C. coccoides group, Lactobacillus group, Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum were significantly lower (P<0.001-0.008) in the high weight-loss group than in the low weight-loss group before and after the intervention. These findings indicate that calorie restriction and physical activity have an impact on gut microbiota composition related to body weight loss, which also seem to be influenced by the individual's microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette Santacruz
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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