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Ding Y, Chen L, Xu J, Feng Y, Liu Q. APAF1 Silencing Ameliorates Diabetic Retinopathy by Suppressing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Caspase-3/GSDME-Dependent Pyroptosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1635-1649. [PMID: 38616988 PMCID: PMC11016255 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s449049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetic retinopathy (DR) can cause permanent blindness with unstated pathogenesis. We aim to find novel biomarkers and explore the mechanism of apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) in DR. Methods Differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened based on GSE60436 dataset to find hub genes involved in pyroptosis after comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. DR mice model was constructed by streptozotocin injection. The pathological structure of retina was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to assess inflammatory factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and oxidative stress. The mRNA and protein expression levels were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction and Western blot. Cell counting kit and flow cytometry were employed to detect proliferation and apoptosis in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. Results Total 71 pyroptosis-related DEGs were screened. BIRC2, CXCL8, APAF1, PPARG, TP53, and CYCS were identified as hub genes of DR. APAF1 was selected as a potential regulator of DR, which was up-regulated in DR mice. APAF1 silencing alleviated retinopathy and inhibited pyroptosis in DR mice with decreased levels of inflammatory factors, VEGF, and oxidative stress. Moreover, APAF1 silencing promoted proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis and caspase-3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis with a decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, and lactate dehydrogenase in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, caspase-3 activator reversed the promotion effect on proliferation and inhibitory effect on apoptosis and pyroptosis after APAF1 silencing in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. Conclusion APAF1 is a novel biomarker for DR and APAF1 silencing inhibits the development of DR by suppressing caspase-3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Huang Y, Peng J, Liang Q. Identification of key ferroptosis genes in diabetic retinopathy based on bioinformatics analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280548. [PMID: 36689408 PMCID: PMC9870164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal microvascular disease associated with diabetes. Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death that may participate in the occurrence and development of DR. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the DR ferroptosis-related genes by bioinformatics methods. METHODS The RNAseq data of DR and healthy control retinas were downloaded from the gene expression synthesis (GEO) database and analyzed using the R package DESeq2. The key modules were obtained using the WGCNA algorithm, and their genes were intersected with ferroptosis-related genes in the FerrDb database to obtain differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE-FRGs). Enrichment analysis was conducted to understand the function and enrichment pathways of ferroptosis genes in DR, and hub genes were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of hub genes for DR was evaluated according to the area under the ROC curve. The TRRUST database was then used to predict the regulatory relationship between transcription factors and target genes, with the mirDIP, ENCORI, RNAnter, RNA22, miRWalk and miRDB databases used to predict the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and target genes. Finally, another data set was used to verify the hub genes. RESULTS In total, 52 ferroptosis-related DEGs (43 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated) were identified using 15 DR samples and 3 control samples and were shown to be significantly enriched in the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, autophagosome, iron ion binding and p53 signaling pathway. Seven hub genes of DR ferroptosis were identified through PPI network analysis, but only HMOX1 and PTGS2 were differentially expressed in another data set. The miRNAs prediction showed that hsa-miR-873-5p was the key miRNA regulating HMOX1, while hsa-miR-624-5p and hsa-miR-542-3p were the key miRNAs regulating PTGS2. Furthermore, HMOX1 and PTGS2 were regulated by 13 and 20 transcription factors, respectively. CONCLUSION The hub genes HMOX1 and PTGS2, and their associated transcription factors and miRNAs, may be involved in ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, the specific mechanism is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Clinical College of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jun Peng
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiuhua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Cataldi S, Costa V, Ciccodicola A, Aprile M. PPARγ and Diabetes: Beyond the Genome and Towards Personalized Medicine. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:18. [PMID: 33866450 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Full and partial synthetic agonists targeting the transcription factor PPARγ are contained in FDA-approved insulin-sensitizing drugs and used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related dysfunctions. Here, we discuss the association between PPARG genetic variants and drug efficacy, as well as the role of alternative splicing and post-translational modifications as contributors to the complexity of PPARγ signaling and to the effects of synthetic PPARγ ligands. RECENT FINDINGS PPARγ regulates the transcription of several target genes governing adipocyte differentiation and glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as insulin sensitivity and inflammatory pathways. These pleiotropic functions confer great relevance to PPARγ in physiological regulation of whole-body metabolism, as well as in the etiology of metabolic disorders. Accordingly, PPARG gene mutations, nucleotide variations, and post-translational modifications have been associated with adipose tissue disorders and the related risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, PPARγ alternative splicing isoforms-generating dominant-negative isoforms mainly expressed in human adipose tissue-have been related to impaired PPARγ activity and adipose tissue dysfunctions. Thus, multiple regulatory levels that contribute to PPARγ signaling complexity may account for the beneficial as well as adverse effects of PPARγ agonists. Further targeted analyses, taking into account all these aspects, are needed for better deciphering the role of PPARγ in human pathophysiology, especially in insulin resistance and T2D. The therapeutic potential of full and partial PPARγ synthetic agonists underlines the clinical significance of this nuclear receptor. PPARG mutations, polymorphisms, alternative splicing isoforms, and post-translational modifications may contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, also influencing the responsiveness of pharmacological therapy. Therefore, in the context of the current evidence-based trend to personalized diabetes management, we highlight the need to decipher the intricate regulation of PPARγ signaling to pave the way to tailored therapies in patients with insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cataldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ciccodicola
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Li XF, Jiang GB, Cheng SY, Song YF, Deng C, Niu YM, Cai JW. Association between PPAR-γ2 gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy risk: a meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5136-5149. [PMID: 33535175 PMCID: PMC7950267 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A close association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPAR-γ2) and the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been previously suggested. Herein, a meta-analysis was conducted to explore the association between PPAR-γ2 polymorphisms and DR risk by performing a systematic search and quantitative analysis. Overall, fourteen articles involving 10,527 subjects were included. The pooled results did not reveal an association between PPAR-γ2 rs1801282 C/G and DR susceptibility in the overall population (e.g., the dominant model: CG+GG vs. CC, OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.69-1.06, P=0.15, I2=62.9%). Furthermore, heterogeneity tests, cumulative analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias analyses were conducted and showed that the results were robust. Similarly, race-based subgroup analyses and other subgroup analyses did not reveal an association between the rs1801282 C/G and DR susceptibility. In addition, no significant association was observed between PPAR-γ2 rs3856806 C/T polymorphism and DR risk (e.g., the dominant model: CT+TT vs. CC, OR=1.12, 95%CI=0.91-1.37, P=0.28, I2=27.0%). Overall, based on the current sample size and the level of evidence presented in the study, the results suggest that PPAR-γ2 gene polymorphisms are not associated with DR risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Guang-Bin Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou Central Hospital, Suizhou 441300, China
| | - Shi-Yan Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou Central Hospital, Suizhou 441300, China
| | - Ya-Feng Song
- The Personnel Section, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Cai Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.,Department of Stomatology, Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Wei Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
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Sarhangi N, Sharifi F, Hashemian L, Hassani Doabsari M, Heshmatzad K, Rahbaran M, Jamaldini SH, Aghaei Meybodi HR, Hasanzad M. PPARG (Pro12Ala) genetic variant and risk of T2DM: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12764. [PMID: 32728045 PMCID: PMC7391673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. A growing number of evidence suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene plays a major role in T2DM development. Meta-analysis of genetic association studies is an efficient tool to gain a better understanding of multifactorial diseases and potentially to provide valuable insights into gene-disease interactions. The present study was focused on assessing the association between Pro12Ala variation in the PPARG and T2DM risk through a comprehensive meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, WoS, Embase, Scopus and ProQuest from 1990 to 2017. The fixed-effect or random-effect model was used to evaluate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) depending on the heterogeneity among studies. The sources of heterogeneity and publication bias among the included studies were assessed using I2 statistics and Egger's tests. A total of 73 studies, involving 62,250 cases and 69,613 controls were included. The results showed that the minor allele (G) of the rs1801282 variant was associated with the decreased risk of T2DM under different genetic models. Moreover, the protective effect of minor allele was detected to be significantly more in some ethnicities including the European (18%), East Asian (20%), and South East Asian (18%). And the reduction of T2DM risk in Ala12 carriers was stronger in individuals from North Europe rather than Central and South Europe. Our findings indicated that the rs1801282 variant may contribute to decrease of T2DM susceptibility in different ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sarhangi
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Hashemian
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 1916893813, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hassani Doabsari
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 1916893813, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Heshmatzad
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 1916893813, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rahbaran
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 1916893813, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Jamaldini
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 1916893813, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran. .,Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, 1916893813, Tehran, Iran.
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Yao PL, Peavey J, Malek G. Leveraging Nuclear Receptors as Targets for Pathological Ocular Vascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082889. [PMID: 32326149 PMCID: PMC7215709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are physiological mechanisms occurring throughout the body. Any disruption to the precise balance of blood vessel growth necessary to support healthy tissue, and the inhibition of abnormal vessel sprouting has the potential to negatively impact stages of development and/or healing. Therefore, the identification of key regulators of these vascular processes is critical to identifying therapeutic means by which to target vascular-associated compromises and complications. Nuclear receptors are a family of transcription factors that have been shown to be involved in modulating different aspects of vascular biology in many tissues systems. Most recently, the role of nuclear receptors in ocular biology and vasculopathies has garnered interest. Herein, we review studies that have used in vitro assays and in vivo models to investigate nuclear receptor-driven pathways in two ocular vascular diseases associated with blindness, wet or exudative age-related macular degeneration, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The potential therapeutic targeting of nuclear receptors for ocular diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Yao
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA; (P.-L.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Jeremy Peavey
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA; (P.-L.Y.); (J.P.)
| | - Goldis Malek
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA; (P.-L.Y.); (J.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27503, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +919-684-0820
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Satirapoj B, Tasanavipas P, Supasyndh O. Role of TCF7L2 and PPARG2 Gene Polymorphisms in Renal and Cardiovascular Complications among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 5:220-227. [PMID: 31768379 PMCID: PMC6873022 DOI: 10.1159/000497100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging renal and cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) genetics involves differently assembled gene variants including transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARG2) polymorphisms. However, the relevance of these genes for complication prediction has not been extensively tested. METHODS We analyzed the SNP rs7903146 variants in TCF7L2 and PPARG2 gene polymorphisms for their contribution to the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular complications in a prospective cohort study. All T2DM patients were followed up to estimate the glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular outcomes. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the genotype effect on the incidence of CKD and vascular complications. RESULTS A total of 422 patients were included. SNP rs7903146 variants in the TCF7L2 gene were classified into 3 groups: CC, 385 patients (91.2%), CT, 32 patients (7.6%), and TT, 5 patients (1.2%), while in the PPARG2 gene they were classified into 2 groups: Pro12Pro, 404 patients (95.7%) and Pro12Ala, 18 patients (4.3%). The prevalence of CKD, cardiovascular disease, and death at the end of the 5-year follow-up was 16.8, 29, and 7.9%, respectively. The Pro12Ala variant of the PPARG2 gene was significantly associated with increased CKD risk at the end of the study (adjusted HR 3.45, 95% CI 1.01-11.77, p = 0.046); it showed a significant association with increased cerebrovascular risk, but not cardiovascular disease and mortality. No genotype effect of rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene was apparent on renal and cardiovascular complications, except the TT variant of rs7903146 increased cardiovascular events when compared with the non-TT variant. CONCLUSION The findings of our study were that the Pro12Ala variant in the PPARG2 gene was associated with risk of developing CKD and cerebrovascular disease in Asian T2DM subjects in a prospective cohort study. The TCF7L2 polymorphism was not associated with cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bancha Satirapoj
- *Bancha Satirapoj, MD, 315, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Rajavithi Road, Bangkok 10400 (Thailand), E-Mail
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Yahaya TO, Salisu TF. A Review of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Predisposing Genes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 16:52-61. [PMID: 30514191 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666181204145806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scientists are considering the possibility of treating diabetes mellitus (DM) using a personalized approach in which various forms of the diseases will be treated based on the causal gene and its pathogenesis. To this end, scientists have identified mutations in certain genes as probable causes of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with diverse mechanisms. AIM This review was aimed at articulating already identified T2DM genes with their mechanisms of action and phenotypic presentations for the awareness of all stakeholders. METHOD The Google search engine was used to retrieve relevant information on the subject from reliable academic databases such as PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, among others. RESULTS At least seventy (70) genes are currently being suspected in the biogenesis of T2DM. However, mutations in, or variants of KCNJ11, PPARG, HNF1B and WFS1 genes, are the most suspected and reported in the pathogenesis of the disease. Mutations in these genes can cause disruption of insulin biosynthesis through the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, change of beta cell morphology, destruction of insulin receptors, among others. These cellular events may lead to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and, along with environmental triggers such as obesity and overweight, culminate in T2DM. It was observed that each identified gene has its distinct mechanism by which it interacts with other genes and environmental factors to cause T2DM. CONCLUSION Healthcare providers are advised to formulate T2DM drugs or treatment by targeting the causal genes along with their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajudeen O Yahaya
- Department of Biology, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Titilola F Salisu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Koohdani F, Sotoudeh G, Kalantar Z, Mansoori A. PPARγ Pro12Ala Polymorphism Influences the Relationship between Dietary Fat Intake, Adiposity and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2018; 88:263-269. [DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala polymorphism (rs1801282) has been associated with metabolic syndrome components in some studies. Moreover, the PPARγ gene may mediate the physiological response to dietary fat intake in a ligand-dependent manner. Methods: Metabolic syndrome components (body mass index, waist circumference, and lipid profile) were determined in 290 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a cross-sectional study. DNA genotyping for determining PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism method. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the participants’ dietary intakes in the previous year. Results: There were significant differences between the two genotype groups of PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism, Ala carriers (Pro/Ala + Ala/Ala) versus non-Ala carriers (Pro/Pro), in terms of mean body mass index (p = 0.04) and waist circumference (p = 0.02). Below the median percentage of energy from monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, Ala carriers had a higher body mass index (p = 0.01) compared to non-Ala carriers. Furthermore, a significant interaction between this single-nucleotide polymorphism and polyunsaturated fatty acids intake on serum triglyceride levels (p = 0.01) was seen, and in higher polyunsaturated fatty acids intake (≥ median) Ala carriers had lower triglyceride levels than non-Ala carriers (p = 0.007). Conclusions: The findings of the current study support a significant association between PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism and metabolic syndrome components, and they suggest that this polymorphism can modulate the biological response of dietary fat intake on body mass index and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Koohdani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Community Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kalantar
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Broadgate S, Kiire C, Halford S, Chong V. Diabetic macular oedema: under-represented in the genetic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A111:1-51. [PMID: 29682912 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a complex disease and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. It can be divided into distinct subclasses, one of which is diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema can occur at any time in diabetic retinopathy and is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the large number of genetic association studies that have been performed in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes and published in English-language journals up to February 2017. Many of these studies have produced positive associations with gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy. However, this review highlights that within this large body of work, studies specifically addressing a genetic association with diabetic macular oedema, although present, are vastly under-represented. We also highlight that many of the studies have small patient numbers and that meta-analyses often inappropriately combine patient data sets. We conclude that there will continue to be conflicting results and no meaningful findings will be achieved if the historical approach of combining all diabetic retinopathy disease states within patient cohorts continues in future studies. This review also identifies several genes that would be interesting to analyse in large, well-defined cohorts of patients with diabetic macular oedema in future candidate gene association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Christine Kiire
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Victor Chong
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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Association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ gene polymorphism and susceptibility to northwest dryness syndrome. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017; 37:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Raza ST, Rizvi S, Singh L, Abbas S, Haider Zaidi Z, Mahdi F. PPAR-γ and CYP46A1 genes polymorphism is associated with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) in hypertensive North Indians. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Saleh R, Zahid ZI, Rahman MA, Jain P, Alam A, Kawaichi M, Reza HM. Prevalence of PPAR-γ2 (rs1801282), RETN (rs3745367) and ADIPOQ (rs2241766) SNP markers in the Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic population. Meta Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Kaur N, Vanita V. Association analysis of PPARγ (p.Pro12Ala) polymorphism with type 2 diabetic retinopathy in patients from north India. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 38:217-221. [PMID: 27427939 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1193879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to examine the association of PPARγ (p.Pro12Ala) polymorphism with type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients from north India. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this case-control association study a total of 1325 subjects (717 DR patients and 608 individuals with confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without retinopathy taken as controls (CDR)), were recruited. Genotyping for PPARγ (p.Pro12Ala) polymorphism was performed by Taqman SNP Genotyping Assays using Real time PCR. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed between the two analyzed groups in the duration of diabetes and random blood glucose levels (p = 0.000 and p = 0.011, respectively). However, genotype and allele frequency distribution of PPARγ (p.Pro12Ala) polymorphism did not differ significantly between DR and CDR groups (p = 0.507 and 0.625, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest no significant association of p.Pro12Ala polymorphism with retinopathy in tested type 2 diabetic retinopathy patients as compared to T2DM individuals take as controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of association analysis of p.Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARγ in DR patients from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- a Department of Human Genetics , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India
| | - Vanita Vanita
- a Department of Human Genetics , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar , Punjab , India
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15
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Mato EPM, Pokam-Fosso PE, Atogho-Tiedeu B, Noubiap JJN, Evehe MS, Djokam-Dadjeu R, Donfack OS, Ngwa EN, Guewo-Fokeng M, Mbacham WF, Sobngwi E, Mbanya JC. The Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-γ2 gene is not associated to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Cameroonian population. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:26. [PMID: 27239321 PMCID: PMC4866427 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR-γ2) is a transcription factor with a key role in adipocyte differentiation, lipid storage and glucose homeostasis. The Ala allele of the common Pro12Ala polymorphism in the isoform PPAR-γ2 is at the center of many controversies because in some populations, it has been observed to be associated with T2DM or obesity but, not in others. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-γ2 gene with susceptibility to obesity or T2DM in a Cameroonian population. Methods This case-control study included 62 obese, 60 T2DM patients and 120 controls (60 non obese and 60 patients without T2DM), all unrelated and of Cameroonian origin. PPAR-γ2 was examined by genotyping for Pro12Ala using the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism - Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR - RFLP). Results A portion of the 270 base pair bands of the PPAR-γ2 gene was successfully amplified. The Ala12 variant was totally absent from the study population, all participants being homozygote Pro/Pro. Conclusion PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala gene polymorphism may not be associated with obesity and T2DM. These results suggest that, PPAR-γ2 is unlikely a major gene for obesity or T2DM in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Pascale M Mato
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Priscille Eunice Pokam-Fosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Barbara Atogho-Tiedeu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Jacques N Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Medical Diagnostic Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie-Solange Evehe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rosine Djokam-Dadjeu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Olivier Sontsa Donfack
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Elvis Ndonwi Ngwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Magellan Guewo-Fokeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Wilfred F Mbacham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Public Health Research and Biotechnologies, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eugene Sobngwi
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,National Obesity Center, Yaoundé Central Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,National Obesity Center, Yaoundé Central Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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16
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Chia PP, Fan SH, Say YH. Screening of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) α, γ and α Gene Polymorphisms for Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Association in the Multi-Ethnic Malaysian Population. Ethn Dis 2015; 25:383-90. [PMID: 26673968 DOI: 10.18865/ed.25.4.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) genes PPARα L162V, PPARγ2 C161T and PPARδ T294C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with obesity and metabolic syndrome (Met-S) in a multi-ethnic population in Kampar, Malaysia. METHODS Socio-demographic data, anthropometric and biochemical measurements (plasma lipid profile, adiponectin and interleukin-6 [IL-6] levels) were taken from 307 participants (124 males; 180 obese; 249 Met-S; 97 Malays, 85 ethnic Chinese, 55 ethnic Indians). RESULTS The overall minor allele frequencies were .08, .22 and .30 for PPAR α L162V, γ C161T, δ T294C, respectively. All SNPs were not associated with obesity, Met-S and obesity with/without Met-S by χ(2) analysis, ethnicity-stratified and logistic regression analyses. Nevertheless, participants with V162 allele of PPARα had significantly higher IL-6, while those with T161 allele of PPARγ2 had significantly lower HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS All PPAR SNPs were not associated with obesity and Met-S in the suburban population of Kampar, Malaysia, where only PPARα V162 and PPARγ2 T161 alleles were associated with plasma IL-6 and HOMA-IR, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phee-Phee Chia
- 1. Department of Science and Engineering, Centre for Foundation Studies, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Perak Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sook-Ha Fan
- 2. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Perak Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yee-How Say
- 2. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Perak Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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17
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Pollastro C, Ziviello C, Costa V, Ciccodicola A. Pharmacogenomics of Drug Response in Type 2 Diabetes: Toward the Definition of Tailored Therapies? PPAR Res 2015; 2015:415149. [PMID: 26161088 PMCID: PMC4486250 DOI: 10.1155/2015/415149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is one of the major causes of mortality with rapidly increasing prevalence. Pharmacological treatment is the first recommended approach after failure in lifestyle changes. However, a significant number of patients shows-or develops along time and disease progression-drug resistance. In addition, not all type 2 diabetic patients have the same responsiveness to drug treatment. Despite the presence of nongenetic factors (hepatic, renal, and intestinal), most of such variability is due to genetic causes. Pharmacogenomics studies have described association between single nucleotide variations and drug resistance, even though there are still conflicting results. To date, the most reliable approach to investigate allelic variants is Next-Generation Sequencing that allows the simultaneous analysis, on a genome-wide scale, of nucleotide variants and gene expression. Here, we review the relationship between drug responsiveness and polymorphisms in genes involved in drug metabolism (CYP2C9) and insulin signaling (ABCC8, KCNJ11, and PPARG). We also highlight the advancements in sequencing technologies that to date enable researchers to perform comprehensive pharmacogenomics studies. The identification of allelic variants associated with drug resistance will constitute a solid basis to establish tailored therapeutic approaches in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pollastro
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- DiST, Department of Science and Technology, “Parthenope” University of Naples, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Ziviello
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ciccodicola
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- DiST, Department of Science and Technology, “Parthenope” University of Naples, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
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18
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Cepeda-Nieto AC, Esquivel-Contreras MT, Duran-Iñiguez F, Salinas-Santander MA, Gallardo-Blanco HL, Esparza-González SC, Zugasti-Cruz A, Morlett-Chávez JA, Córdova-Alvelais LT. High prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and lack of association with integrin α2 gene polymorphisms in patients with type 2 diabetes from Northeastern Mexico. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:435-444. [PMID: 26622334 PMCID: PMC4508982 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the primary causes of blindness in the working age population and is characterized by angiogenesis in the retina. Platelets have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. The integrin receptor for collagen/laminin, α2β1, mediates platelet primary adhesion to subendothelial tissues, which is an essential first step in thrombus formation. The gene encoding the α2 subunit of α2β1 integrin has ≥8 polymorphisms, including a BglII/NdeI restriction fragment length polymorphism. To explore the prevalence of DR in a population from Northeastern Mexico, unrelated, hospitalized patients who had received a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) at least 10 years previously were recruited (n=177). DR was diagnosed in a masked manner by independent ophthalmologists using fundus images captured using a non-mydriatic retinal camera. A total of 121 patients with DM2 (68%) had some degree of DR development (DR patients), and 56 patients with DM2 (32%) did not exhibit any sign of DR (No-DR patients). The results showed that after 15 years of DM2 progression, there is an increased risk of DR (P=0.0497; odds ratio, 1.993). In addition, insulin therapy and family history of DM2 were significantly associated with DR. In order to detect a possible association between DR and BglII/NdeI α2 gene polymorphisms, a comparative cross-sectional study between DR and No-DR patients was conducted. The α2 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Statistical analysis revealed no association between BglII/NdeI genotypes and the development of DR in this group of patients. In conclusion, the present data indicate a high prevalence of DR in the Mexican population and suggest that the damage in DR is due to other factors, such as the duration of the DM2, and is not linked to BglII/NdeI α2 gene polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cecilia Cepeda-Nieto
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Duran-Iñiguez
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico
| | | | - Hugo Leonid Gallardo-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Zugasti-Cruz
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25280, Mexico
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19
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Zhang Y, Meng N, Lv Z, Li H, Qu Y. The gene polymorphisms of UCP1 but not PPAR γ and TCF7L2 are associated with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus cases. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:e223-9. [PMID: 25274455 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the association between the polymorphisms in three insulin resistance-related genes, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and the susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cohort. METHODS A total of 792 patients with T2DM were enrolled and categorized into two groups: (1) the DR group consisted of 448 patients, which was further subclassified into a proliferative DR (PDR) group with 220 patients and a non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group with 228 patients; (2) the diabetes without retinopathy (DNR) group, comprised 344 patients who had no signs of DR. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1800592 in the UCP1 gene, rs1801282, rs3856806 and rs1249719 in the PPARγ gene and rs11196205 in the TCF7L2 gene were genotyped in this study. RESULTS For SNP rs1800592 of the UCP1 gene, the frequency of allele G and genotype GG was significantly higher in the PDR group than in the DNR group (allele OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.03-1.68, p = 0.03; genotype OR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.06-2.79, p = 0.03). No evident association was found between the allele frequencies and genotype distributions of any individual SNP in the PPARγ or TCF7L2 genes and DR, PDR or NPDR. Haplotype analyses of the PPARγ gene did not provide any evidence for an association with DR, PDR or NPDR in this Chinese T2DM cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the SNP rs1800592 in the UCP1 gene is associated with increased risk of PDR in the Chinese T2DM population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Health Care, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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20
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Association between PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and obesity: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:1029-38. [PMID: 25502405 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPAR-γ2) gene has been reported in the pathogeny of obesity. However, the results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to acquire a more accurate assessment of the association between PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and obesity. PubMed, Wan Fang (Chinese) databases, Chinese Biomedical Medical databases, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to identify eligible studies. Finally, 25 studies (6491 cases and 8242 controls) were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The effect summary odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was applied. Random-effects or fixed-effects model was performed based on the heterogeneity. STATA 12.0 was applied for this meta-analysis. The combined results showed that PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated with the obesity risk (Ala vs. Pro: OR = 1.55, 95 % CI 1.34-1.80; Pro/Ala vs. Pro/Pro: OR = 1.54, 95 % CI 1.31-1.82; Ala/Ala + Pro/Ala vs. Pro/Pro: OR = 1.61, 95 % CI 1.36-1.90). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that there were significant associations between PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and obesity risk in Caucasians, Asians, and Mixed population. Subgroup analysis by obesity's cutoff points showed that the associations were found among the patients with the cutoff point of BMI ≥24 and BMI ≥30 but not among the patients with the cutoff point of BMI ≥95th percentile. These results suggested that PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism might be a risk factor for obesity susceptibility.
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21
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PPARG in Human Adipogenesis: Differential Contribution of Canonical Transcripts and Dominant Negative Isoforms. PPAR Res 2014; 2014:537865. [PMID: 24790595 PMCID: PMC3981527 DOI: 10.1155/2014/537865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor PPARγ is a key regulator of adipogenesis, and alterations of its function are associated with different pathological processes related to metabolic syndrome. We recently identified two PPARG transcripts encoding dominant negative PPARγ isoforms. The existence of different PPARG variants suggests that alternative splicing is crucial to modulate PPARγ function, underlying some underestimated aspects of its regulation. Here we investigate PPARG expression in different tissues and cells affected in metabolic syndrome and, in particular, during adipocyte differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. We defined the transcript-specific expression pattern of PPARG variants encoding both canonical and dominant negative isoforms and identified a novel PPARG transcript, γ1ORF4. Our analysis indicated that, during adipogenesis, the transcription of alternative PPARG variants is regulated in a time-specific manner through differential usage of distinct promoters. In addition, our analysis describes—for the first time—the differential contribution of three ORF4 variants to this process, suggesting a still unexplored role for these dominant negative isoforms during adipogenesis. Therefore, our results highlight crucial aspects of PPARG regulation, suggesting the need of further investigation to rule out the differential impact of all PPARG transcripts in both physiologic and pathologic conditions, such as metabolism-related disorders.
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22
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Pereira AC, Oliveira R, Castro AC, Fernandes R. Does Pro(12)Ala Polymorphism Enhance the Physiological Role of PPARγ2? PPAR Res 2013; 2013:401274. [PMID: 23983677 PMCID: PMC3747383 DOI: 10.1155/2013/401274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are two major public health problems that have motivated the scientific community to investigate the high contribution of genetic factors to these disorders. The peroxisome proliferator activated by gamma 2 (PPARγ2) plays an important role in the lipid metabolism. Since PPARγ2 is expressed mainly in adipose tissue, a moderate reduction of its activity influences the sensitivity to insulin, diabetes, and other metabolic parameters. The present study aims to contribute to the elucidation of the impact of the Pro(12)Ala polymorphism associated with T2D and obesity through a meta-analysis study of the literature that included approximately 11500 individuals, from which 3870 were obese and 7625 were diabetic. Statistical evidence supports protective effect in T2D of polymorphism Pro(12)Ala of PPARγ2 (OR = 0.702 with 95% CI: 0.622; 0.791, P < 0.01). Conversely the same polymorphism Pro(12)Ala of PPARγ2 seems to favor obesity since 1.196 more chance than nonobese was found (OR = 1.196 with 95% CI: 1.009; 1.417, P < 0.004). Our results suggest that Pro(12)Ala polymorphism enhances both adipogenic and antidiabetogenic physiological role of PPARγ. Does Pro(12)Ala polymorphism represent an evolutionary step towards the stabilization of the molecular function of PPARγ transcription factor signaling pathway?
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Pereira
- Unit of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (CISA) and Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESTSP-IPP), Portugal
- Center of Pharmacology and Chemical Biopathology (U38-FCT), Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - R. Oliveira
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal
- Biomathematics, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, ESTSP-IPP, Porto, Portugal
| | - A. C. Castro
- Unit of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (CISA) and Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESTSP-IPP), Portugal
| | - R. Fernandes
- Unit of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (CISA) and Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESTSP-IPP), Portugal
- Center of Pharmacology and Chemical Biopathology (U38-FCT), Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Portugal
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23
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Tariq K, Malik SB, Ali SHB, Maqsood SE, Azam A, Muslim I, Khan MS, Azam M, Waheed NK, Qamar R. Association of Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Mol Vis 2013; 19:710-7. [PMID: 23559865 PMCID: PMC3611930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The association of non-synonymous substitution polymorphism rs1801282 (c.34C>G, p.Pro12Ala) in exon 4 of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene with diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been reported inconsistently. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to understand the population-specific role of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in DR susceptibility in Pakistani subjects. METHODS A total of 180 subjects with DR, 193 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with no diabetic retinopathy, and 200 healthy normoglycemic non-retinopathic Pakistani individuals were genotyped for the rs1801282 (c.34C>G) polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS We found the individuals with T2DM carrying 12Ala were at a reduced risk of developing DR (odds ratio [OR]=0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.33-0.87). Upon stratified analysis regarding disease severity, we observed this protective effect was confined to proliferative DR (OR=0.4; 95% CI=0.2-0.8) with non-significant effects on the susceptibility of non-proliferative DR (OR=0.67; 95% CI=0.37-1.19). CONCLUSIONS We report a protective role of the 12Ala polymorphism against proliferative DR in individuals with T2DM in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Tariq
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Bano Malik
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Hafiza Benish Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan,Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Ejaz Maqsood
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Azam
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Muslim
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Maleeha Azam
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Khalida Waheed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan,Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan,Al-Nafees Medical College & Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Vangala RK, Ravindran V, Ghatge M, Shanker J, Arvind P, Bindu H, Shekar M, Rao VS. Integrative bioinformatics analysis of genomic and proteomic approaches to understand the transcriptional regulatory program in coronary artery disease pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57193. [PMID: 23468932 PMCID: PMC3585295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cardiovascular disease show a panel of differentially regulated serum biomarkers indicative of modulation of several pathways from disease onset to progression. Few of these biomarkers have been proposed for multimarker risk prediction methods. However, the underlying mechanism of the expression changes and modulation of the pathways is not yet addressed in entirety. Our present work focuses on understanding the regulatory mechanisms at transcriptional level by identifying the core and specific transcription factors that regulate the coronary artery disease associated pathways. Using the principles of systems biology we integrated the genomics and proteomics data with computational tools. We selected biomarkers from 7 different pathways based on their association with the disease and assayed 24 biomarkers along with gene expression studies and built network modules which are highly regulated by 5 core regulators PPARG, EGR1, ETV1, KLF7 and ESRRA. These network modules in turn comprise of biomarkers from different pathways showing that the core regulatory transcription factors may work together in differential regulation of several pathways potentially leading to the disease. This kind of analysis can enhance the elucidation of mechanisms in the disease and give better strategies of developing multimarker module based risk predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kanth Vangala
- Tata Proteomics and Coagulation Department, Thrombosis Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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25
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Molecular Implications of the PPARs in the Diabetic Eye. PPAR Res 2013; 2013:686525. [PMID: 23431285 PMCID: PMC3575611 DOI: 10.1155/2013/686525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains as the leading cause of blindness among working age individuals in developed countries. Current treatments for DR (laser photocoagulation, intravitreal corticosteroids, intravitreal anti-VEGF agents, and vitreoretinal surgery) are applicable only at advanced stages of the disease and are associated with significant adverse effects. Therefore, new pharmacological treatments for the early stages of the disease are needed. Emerging evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors (PPARs) agonists (in particular PPARα) are useful for the treatment of DR. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from being elucidated. This paper mainly focuses on PPARs expression in the diabetic eye, its molecular implications, and the effect of PPAR agonists as a new approach for the treatment of DR. The availability of this new strategy will not only be beneficial in treating DR but may also result in a shift towards treating earlier stages of diabetic retinopathy, thus easing the burden of this devastating disease (Cheung et al. (2010)).
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Arnaiz-Villena A, Fernández-Honrado M, Areces C, Enríquez-de-Salamanca M, Abd-El-Fatah-Khalil S, Coca C, Arribas I, Algora M, Rey D. Amerindians show no association of PPAR-γ2 gene Ala12 allele and obesity: an “unthrifty” variant population genetics. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1767-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arnaiz-Villena
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, University Complutense, Pabellón 5, Planta 4. Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Meta-analysis of association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 gene and diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians and Asians. Mol Vis 2012; 18:2352-60. [PMID: 22993484 PMCID: PMC3444298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPARγ2) gene is reported to be associated with diabetes. However, the gene's association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been investigated in numerous epidemiologic studies with controversial results. This meta-analysis aimed to collectively assess the association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism with DR in T2DM. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted on PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, and the China National Knowledge Internet. A dominant model [(Pro/Ala +Ala/Ala) versus Pro/Pro] was used to ensure adequate statistical power. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed effect model. Potential sources of heterogeneity and bias were explored. RESULTS This meta-analysis included genotype data from 2,720 cases with DR and 2,450 controls free of DR from eight eligible publications. The results showed the Ala allele had a protective effect on DR in T2DM (OR=0.81; 95% CI: 0.68-0.98, p=0.03). There was no significant evidence against homogeneity (I(2)=46%, P(heterogeneity)=0.07). The sensitivity analysis showed a robust association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism with DR in T2DM after a study involving Caucasians that presented a big effect on heterogeneity (OR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.62-0.91, p=0.003) was excluded. Possible ethnic differences in the association of the Pro12Ala single nucleotide polymorphism and DR were demonstrated; a significant association was illustrated in the Caucasian subgroup (OR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.59-0.94, p=0.01) but was not found in the Asian subgroup (OR=0.77; 95% CI: 0.55-1.07, p=0.12). No publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested a significant association exists between the Pro12Ala polymorphism and DR in T2DM with ethnic differences. The Ala allele had a significant protective effect against DR in T2DM.
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is major cause of non-inherited blindness among adults. Although diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes, we still know little about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In recent years, complex connections between important molecules and pathways in the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy, such as advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress and inflammation, have been elucidated. Biochemical, genetic and functional studies strongly indicate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), a pleiotropic transcription factor, as a primary target in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. In this issue, Song et al. detail the role of PPARγ in diabetic retinopathy-related disorders, illustrating PPARγ-mediated inhibition of diabetes-induced leukostasis and leakage, and its beneficial role in modulating inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis in retinal and endothelial cells. Moreover, they describe alternative treatments for diabetic retinopathy, such as plant-derived PPARγ ligands, proposing their use - in combination with standard therapies - for modulation of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Costa
- CNR, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, Naples, Italy
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Prakash J, Srivastava N, Awasthi S, Agarwal C, Natu S, Rajpal N, Mittal B. Association of PPAR-γ gene polymorphisms with obesity and obesity-associated phenotypes in North Indian population. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:454-9. [PMID: 22410809 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The worldwide increasing prevalence of obesity is considered as a major health problem. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) controls adipocyte differentiation and regulates a number of genes associated with energy homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the association of PPAR-γ gene Pro12Ala (rs1801282) and C1431T (rs3856806) polymorphisms with morbid obesity and related phenotypes, in north Indian population. METHODS A total of 6,42 subjects, 309, obese and 333 nonobese individuals were included in this case-control study. Insulin, adiponectin, glucose, and lipid levels were estimated using standard protocols. All subjects were genotyped by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS The ProAla+AlaAla genotypes of PPAR-γ Pro12Ala were significantly associated with higher risk of obesity while C1431T polymorphism did not show any significant association. None of the haplotypes showed association with morbid obesity. However, a strong association of variant genotypes was observed with higher levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, and lower serum adiponectin concentrations. CONCLUSION PPAR-γ gene polymorphisms influence obesity and obesity phenotype in a complex manner, probably involving insulin resistance in north Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash
- Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India
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Dragojevič J, Ostanek B, Mencej-Bedrač S, Komadina R, Preželj J, Marc J. PPARG gene promoter polymorphism is associated with non-traumatic hip fracture risk in the elderly Slovenian population: a pilot study. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1085-1089. [PMID: 21756892 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.06.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), an essential transcription factor for adipogenesis, has been implicated in pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PPARG gene with hip fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover was investigated in the elderly. DESIGN AND METHODS Six hundred sixty-seven elderly Slovenians were genotyped for SNPs rs12497191, rs1801282 and rs3856806. BMD and biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured. Haplotypes ACC, AGT and GCC, defined by rs12497191, rs1801282 and rs3856806 were assigned. Influence of genotype on fracture risk was assessed in 72 non-traumatic hip fracture cases and 272 controls. RESULTS The rs12497191 G allele alone or in haplotype was associated with lower risk of non-traumatic hip fracture and higher serum receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand. CONCLUSIONS The rs12497191 genotype could contribute to the incidence of non-traumatic hip fractures in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dragojevič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Ostanek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Mencej-Bedrač
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radko Komadina
- General and Teaching Hospital Celje, Department of Traumatology, Oblakova ulica 5, SI 3000, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Janez Preželj
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Zaloška cesta 7, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Chen Z, Zhao X, Jiang X, Guo X, Lv Z, Zhou H, Xu N. Association of PPARγ2 polymorphisms with carcass and meat quality traits in a Pietrain x Jinhua F2 population. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:56-61. [PMID: 21637544 PMCID: PMC3085374 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010005000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The PPARγ2 gene is a key regulator of both proliferation and preadipocyte differentiation in mammals. Herein its genotype and allele frequencies were analyzed using PCR-SSCP in eight pig breeds (N = 416). Two kinds of polymorphisms of the PPARγ2 gene were detected, including a previously reported shift SNP A177G (Met59Val) in exon 1 and a novel silent mutation G876A in exon 5. The results revealed that European pig breeds carry a higher allele A frequency at the A177G locus and a fixed GG genotype at the G876A locus. Allele A at the G876A locus was only found in Jinhua pigs. The association between haplotype (A177G/G876A) and carcass and meat quality traits was analyzed in a Pietrain x Jinhua F2 population (N = 248). The PPARγ2 gene was found to be significantly associated with backfat thickness at the shoulder (p < 0.05), 6–7th ribs (p < 0.01), last rib (p < 0.01), gluteus medius (p <0.05) and ham weight (p < 0.01). Significant effects of different haplotypes on ham weight and backfat thickness at the 6–7th ribs, last rib, and gluteus medius were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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Costa V, Gallo MA, Letizia F, Aprile M, Casamassimi A, Ciccodicola A. PPARG: Gene Expression Regulation and Next-Generation Sequencing for Unsolved Issues. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:409168. [PMID: 20871817 PMCID: PMC2943117 DOI: 10.1155/2010/409168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is one of the most extensively studied ligand-inducible transcription factors (TFs), able to modulate its transcriptional activity through conformational changes. It is of particular interest because of its pleiotropic functions: it plays a crucial role in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis, lipid and glucid metabolism, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and cancer. Its protein isoforms, the wide number of PPARγ target genes, ligands, and coregulators contribute to determine the complexity of its function. In addition, the presence of genetic variants is likely to affect expression levels of target genes although the impact of PPARG gene variations on the expression of target genes is not fully understood. The introduction of massively parallel sequencing platforms-in the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) era-has revolutionized the way of investigating the genetic causes of inherited diseases. In this context, DNA-Seq for identifying-within both coding and regulatory regions of PPARG gene-novel nucleotide variations and haplotypes associated to human diseases, ChIP-Seq for defining a PPARγ binding map, and RNA-Seq for unraveling the wide and intricate gene pathways regulated by PPARG, represent incredible steps toward the understanding of PPARγ in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Letizia
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of General Pathology, 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ciccodicola
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
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