1
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Yuan Z, Guo Q, Jin D, Zhang P, Yang W. Biohybrid Soft Robots Powered by Myocyte: Current Progress and Future Perspectives. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1643. [PMID: 37630179 PMCID: PMC10456826 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Myocyte-driven robots, a type of biological actuator that combines myocytes with abiotic systems, have gained significant attention due to their high energy efficiency, sensitivity, biocompatibility, and self-healing capabilities. These robots have a unique advantage in simulating the structure and function of human tissues and organs. This review covers the research progress in this field, detailing the benefits of myocyte-driven robots over traditional methods, the materials used in their fabrication (including myocytes and extracellular materials), and their properties and manufacturing techniques. Additionally, the review explores various control methods, robot structures, and motion types. Lastly, the potential applications and key challenges faced by myocyte-driven robots are discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yuan
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Y.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qinghao Guo
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Y.); (Q.G.)
| | - Delu Jin
- School of Human Ities and Social Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Peifan Zhang
- Control Science and Engineering, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Y.); (Q.G.)
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2
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Cheng C, Wang X, Dong J, Yang F, Ju T, Wang Z. Dynamic morphology imaging of cardiomyocytes based on AFM. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:245702. [PMID: 36805943 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acbd55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A cardiomyocyte is the basic structural and functional unit of the heart, which is the actual executor of the systolic function. The study of the contraction and relaxation characteristics of cardiomyocyte is of great significance to the physiological behavior and pathology of the heart. How to dynamically express its contraction and relaxation behaviors in 3D has become a challenging issue. Although the video analysis method under the optical microscope can observe the changes in the horizontal direction, it is difficult to describe the changes in the vertical direction. The atomic force microscope (AFM) can accurately express the mechanical and morphological characteristics of the changes in the vertical direction, but it cannot be fully expressed in real time because it is acquired by scanning with a single probe. In order to express the contraction and relaxation characteristics of cardiomyocyte accurately and three dimensionally, a dynamic imaging method in this study is proposed using the periodicity of AFM acquisition and the periodicity of cardiomyocyte contraction. Compared with the optical experiment, it is proven that this method can dynamically represent the contraction and relaxation processes of cardiomyocyte and solve the problem of how to express it in 3D. It brings a new way for the study of physiological characteristics of cardiomyocytes and dynamic imaging by AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cheng
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuoyu Ju
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Opto/Bio-Nano Measurement and Manufacturing, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528437, People's Republic of China
- JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, United Kingdom
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3
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Fassina L, Assenza MR, Miragoli M, Isidori AM, Naro F, Barbagallo F. Cell Shortening and Calcium Homeostasis Analysis in Adult Cardiomyocytes via a New Software Tool. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030640. [PMID: 35327442 PMCID: PMC8945339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is the central regulator of heart contractility. Indeed, it couples the electrical signal, which pervades the myocardium, with cardiomyocytes contraction. Moreover, alterations in calcium management are the main factors contributing to the mechanical and electrical dysfunction observed in failing hearts. So, simultaneous analysis of the contractile function and intracellular Ca2+ is indispensable to evaluate cardiomyocytes activity. Intracellular Ca2+ variations and fraction shortening are commonly studied with fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dyes associated with microscopy techniques. However, tracking and dealing with multiple files manually is time-consuming and error-prone and often requires expensive apparatus and software. Here, we announce a new, user-friendly image processing and analysis tool, based on ImageJ-Fiji/MATLAB® software, to evaluate the major cardiomyocyte functional parameters. We succeeded in analyzing fractional cell shortening, Ca2+ transient amplitude, and the kinematics/dynamics parameters of mouse isolated adult cardiomyocytes. The proposed method can be applied to evaluate changes in the Ca2+ cycle and contractile behavior in genetically or pharmacologically induced disease models, in drug screening and other common applications to assess mammalian cardiomyocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering (DIII), University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Rita Assenza
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy;
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Humanitas Research Hospital—IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea M. Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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He C, Wei X, Liang T, Liu M, Jiang D, Zhuang L, Wang P. Quantifying the Compressive Force of 3D Cardiac Tissues via Calculating the Volumetric Deformation of Built-In Elastic Gelatin Microspheres. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001716. [PMID: 34197053 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying cardiac contractile force is of paramount important in studying mechanical heart failure and screening therapeutic drugs. However, most existing methods can only measure the in-plane component of twitch force of cardiomyocytes, such that mismatching the centripetal compressive stress of heart beating in physiology. Here, a non-destructive method is developed for quantifying the compressive stress and mapping the distribution of the local stress within the 3D cardiac tissues. In detail, elastic gelatin microspheres labeled with fluorescence beads are fabricated by microfluidic chips with high throughput, and they serve as built-in pressure sensors which are wrapped by cardiomyocytes in 3D tissues. The deformation of microspheres and the displacements of fluorescent beads induced by the contraction of cardiomyocytes are demonstrated to characterize the amount and distribution of the centripetal compressive stress. Further, the method shows a potent capability to locally quantify contractile force variation of 3D cardiac tissues, which is induced by agonist (norepinephrine) and inhibitor (blebbistatin). On the whole, the method significantly improves the 3D measurement of mechanical force in vitro and provides a solution for locally quantifying the compressive stress within engineered cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang He
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
| | - Xinwei Wei
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Tao Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Deming Jiang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Liujing Zhuang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China
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5
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3D bioprinted and integrated platforms for cardiac tissue modeling and drug testing. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:545-554. [PMID: 34269790 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in biofabrication techniques, including 3D bioprinting, have allowed for the fabrication of cardiac models that are similar to the human heart in terms of their structure (e.g., volumetric scale and anatomy) and function (e.g., contractile and electrical properties). The importance of developing techniques for assessing the characteristics of 3D cardiac substitutes in real time without damaging their structures has also been emphasized. In particular, the heart has two primary mechanisms for transporting blood through the body: contractility and an electrical system based on intra and extracellular calcium ion exchange. This review introduces recent trends in 3D bioprinted cardiac tissues and the measurement of their structural, contractile, and electrical properties in real time. Cardiac models have also been regarded as alternatives to animal models as drug-testing platforms. Thus, perspectives on the convergence of 3D bioprinted cardiac tissues and their assessment for use in drug development are also presented.
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6
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Wei X, Zhuang L, Li H, He C, Wan H, Hu N, Wang P. Advances in Multidimensional Cardiac Biosensing Technologies: From Electrophysiology to Mechanical Motion and Contractile Force. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005828. [PMID: 33230867 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is currently a leading killer to human, while drug-induced cardiotoxicity remains the main cause of the withdrawal and attrition of drugs. Taking clinical correlation and throughput into account, cardiomyocyte is perfect as in vitro cardiac model for heart disease modeling, drug discovery, and cardiotoxicity assessment by accurately measuring the physiological multiparameters of cardiomyocytes. Remarkably, cardiomyocytes present both electrophysiological and biomechanical characteristics due to the unique excitation-contraction coupling, which plays a significant role in studying the cardiomyocytes. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances of biosensing technologies for the 2D and 3D cardiac models with three special properties: electrophysiology, mechanical motion, and contractile force. These high-performance multidimensional cardiac models are popular and effective to rebuild and mimic the heart in vitro. To help understand the high-quality and accurate physiologies, related detection techniques are highly demanded, from microtechnology to nanotechnology, from extracellular to intracellular recording, from multiple cells to single cell, and from planar to 3D models. Furthermore, the characteristics, advantages, limitations, and applications of these cardiac biosensing technologies, as well as the future development prospects should contribute to the systematization and expansion of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Liujing Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanjiang He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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7
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Blair CA, Pruitt BL. Mechanobiology Assays with Applications in Cardiomyocyte Biology and Cardiotoxicity. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901656. [PMID: 32270928 PMCID: PMC7480481 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are the motor units that drive the contraction and relaxation of the heart. Traditionally, testing of drugs for cardiotoxic effects has relied on primary cardiomyocytes from animal models and focused on short-term, electrophysiological, and arrhythmogenic effects. However, primary cardiomyocytes present challenges arising from their limited viability in culture, and tissue from animal models suffers from a mismatch in their physiology to that of human heart muscle. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can address these challenges. They also offer the potential to study not only electrophysiological effects but also changes in cardiomyocyte contractile and mechanical function in response to cardiotoxic drugs. With growing recognition of the long-term cardiotoxic effects of some drugs on subcellular structure and function, there is increasing interest in using hiPSC-CMs for in vitro cardiotoxicity studies. This review provides a brief overview of techniques that can be used to quantify changes in the active force that cardiomyocytes generate and variations in their inherent stiffness in response to cardiotoxic drugs. It concludes by discussing the application of these tools in understanding how cardiotoxic drugs directly impact the mechanobiology of cardiomyocytes and how cardiomyocytes sense and respond to mechanical load at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheavar A. Blair
- Department of mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Beth L. Pruitt
- Department of mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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8
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Ribeiro AJS, Guth BD, Engwall M, Eldridge S, Foley CM, Guo L, Gintant G, Koerner J, Parish ST, Pierson JB, Brock M, Chaudhary KW, Kanda Y, Berridge B. Considerations for an In Vitro, Cell-Based Testing Platform for Detection of Drug-Induced Inotropic Effects in Early Drug Development. Part 2: Designing and Fabricating Microsystems for Assaying Cardiac Contractility With Physiological Relevance Using Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:934. [PMID: 31555128 PMCID: PMC6727630 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractility of the myocardium engines the pumping function of the heart and is enabled by the collective contractile activity of its muscle cells: cardiomyocytes. The effects of drugs on the contractility of human cardiomyocytes in vitro can provide mechanistic insight that can support the prediction of clinical cardiac drug effects early in drug development. Cardiomyocytes differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells have high potential for overcoming the current limitations of contractility assays because they attach easily to extracellular materials and last long in culture, while having human- and patient-specific properties. Under these conditions, contractility measurements can be non-destructive and minimally invasive, which allow assaying sub-chronic effects of drugs. For this purpose, the function of cardiomyocytes in vitro must reflect physiological settings, which is not observed in cultured cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells because of the fetal-like properties of their contractile machinery. Primary cardiomyocytes or tissues of human origin fully represent physiological cellular properties, but are not easily available, do not last long in culture, and do not attach easily to force sensors or mechanical actuators. Microengineered cellular systems with a more mature contractile function have been developed in the last 5 years to overcome this limitation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, while simultaneously measuring contractile endpoints with integrated force sensors/actuators and image-based techniques. Known effects of engineered microenvironments on the maturity of cardiomyocyte contractility have also been discovered in the development of these systems. Based on these discoveries, we review here design criteria of microengineered platforms of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells for measuring contractility with higher physiological relevance. These criteria involve the use of electromechanical, chemical and morphological cues, co-culture of different cell types, and three-dimensional cellular microenvironments. We further discuss the use and the current challenges for developing and improving these novel technologies for predicting clinical effects of drugs based on contractility measurements with cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells. Future research should establish contexts of use in drug development for novel contractility assays with stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translation Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Brian D Guth
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,PreClinical Drug Development Platform (PCDDP), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Michael Engwall
- Safety Pharmacology and Animal Research Center, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Sandy Eldridge
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - C Michael Foley
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Sciences and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liang Guo
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Gary Gintant
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Sciences and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John Koerner
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translation Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Stanley T Parish
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer B Pierson
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mathew Brock
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Khuram W Chaudhary
- Global Safety Pharmacology, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Brian Berridge
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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9
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Aoyama J, Homma K, Tanabe N, Usui S, Miyagi Y, Matsuura K, Kaneda M, Nitta T. Spatiotemporal imaging documented the maturation of the cardiomyocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:2260-2271.e7. [PMID: 31409490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells are a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine. However, contractions in such derived cardiomyocytes are often irregular and asynchronous, especially at early stages of differentiation. This study aimed to determine the differentiation stage of initiation of synchronized and regular contractions, using spatiotemporal imaging and physiological and genetic analyses. METHODS Knock-in human induced pluripotent stem cell lines were established with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 to analyze cardiac and pacemaker cell maturation. Time-frequency analysis and Ca2+ imaging were performed, and the expression of related proteins and specific cardiac/pacemaker mRNAs in contracting embryoid bodies was analyzed at various differentiation stages. RESULTS Time-frequency analysis and Ca2+ imaging revealed irregular, asynchronous contractions at the early stage of differentiation with altered electrophysiological properties upon differentiation. Genes associated with electrophysiological properties were upregulated after 70 days of culturing in differentiation media, whereas pacemaker genes were initially upregulated during the early stage and downregulated at the later stage. CONCLUSIONS A differentiation period >70 days is required for adequate development of cardiac elements including ion channels and gap junctions and for sarcomere maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Aoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Homma
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nari Tanabe
- SUWA, Tokyo University of Science, Nagano, Japan
| | - Sumiko Usui
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kaneda
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nitta
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Hansen KJ, Favreau JT, Gershlak JR, Laflamme MA, Albrecht DR, Gaudette GR. Optical Method to Quantify Mechanical Contraction and Calcium Transients of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:445-454. [PMID: 28562232 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes (hPS-CMs) holds promise for myocardial regeneration therapies, drug discovery, and models of cardiac disease. Potential cardiotoxicities may affect hPS-CM mechanical contraction independent of calcium signaling. Herein, a method using an image capture system is described to measure hPS-CM contractility and intracellular calcium concurrently, with high spatial and temporal resolution. The image capture system rapidly alternates between brightfield and epifluorescent illumination of contracting cells. Mechanical contraction is quantified by a speckle tracking algorithm applied to brightfield image pairs, whereas calcium transients are measured by a fluorescent calcium reporter. This technique captured changes in contractile strain, calcium transients, and beat frequency of hPS-CMs over 21 days in culture, as well as acute responses to isoproterenol and Cytochalasin D. The technique described above can be applied without the need to alter the culture platform, allowing for determination of hPS-CM behavior over weeks in culture for drug discovery and myocardial regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Hansen
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - John T Favreau
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua R Gershlak
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- 2 Toronto General Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network , Toronto, Canada
| | - Dirk R Albrecht
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn R Gaudette
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts
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11
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Goulart JT, Bassani RA, Bassani JWM. Application based on the Canny edge detection algorithm for recording contractions of isolated cardiac myocytes. Comput Biol Med 2017; 81:106-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Huebsch N, Loskill P, Mandegar MA, Marks NC, Sheehan AS, Ma Z, Mathur A, Nguyen TN, Yoo JC, Judge LM, Spencer CI, Chukka AC, Russell CR, So PL, Conklin BR, Healy KE. Automated Video-Based Analysis of Contractility and Calcium Flux in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Cultured over Different Spatial Scales. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:467-79. [PMID: 25333967 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractile motion is the simplest metric of cardiomyocyte health in vitro, but unbiased quantification is challenging. We describe a rapid automated method, requiring only standard video microscopy, to analyze the contractility of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM). New algorithms for generating and filtering motion vectors combined with a newly developed isogenic iPSC line harboring genetically encoded calcium indicator, GCaMP6f, allow simultaneous user-independent measurement and analysis of the coupling between calcium flux and contractility. The relative performance of these algorithms, in terms of improving signal to noise, was tested. Applying these algorithms allowed analysis of contractility in iPS-CM cultured over multiple spatial scales from single cells to three-dimensional constructs. This open source software was validated with analysis of isoproterenol response in these cells, and can be applied in future studies comparing the drug responsiveness of iPS-CM cultured in different microenvironments in the context of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Huebsch
- 1 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease , San Francisco, California
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Image-based evaluation of contraction–relaxation kinetics of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: Correlation and complementarity with extracellular electrophysiology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:178-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bazan C, Barba DT, Hawkins T, Nguyen H, Anderson S, Vazquez-Hidalgo E, Lemus R, Moore J, Mitchell J, Martinez J, Moore D, Larsen J, Paolini P. Contractility assessment in enzymatically isolated cardiomyocytes. Biophys Rev 2012; 4:231-243. [PMID: 28510074 PMCID: PMC5425706 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-012-0082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of enzymatically isolated cardiac myocytes is ubiquitous in modern cardiovascular research. Parallels established between cardiomyocyte shortening responses and those of intact tissue make the cardiomyocyte an invaluable experimental model of cardiac function. Much of our understanding regarding the fundamental processes underlying heart function is owed to our increasing capabilities in single-cell stimulation and direct or indirect observation, as well as quantitative analysis of such cells. Of the many important mechanisms and functions that can be readily assessed in cardiomyocytes at all stages of development, contractility is the most representative and one of the most revealing. The purpose of this review is to provide a survey of various methodological approaches in the literature used to assess adult and neonatal cardiomyocyte contractility. The various methods employed to evaluate the contractile behavior of enzymatically isolated mammalian cardiac myocytes can be conveniently divided into two general categories-those employing optical (image)-based systems and those that use transducer-based technologies. This survey is by no means complete, but we have made an effort to include the most popular methods in terms of reliability and accessibility. These techniques are in constant evolution and hold great promise for the next generation of breakthrough studies in cell biology for the prevention, treatment, and cure of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bazan
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA.
| | - David Torres Barba
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Trevor Hawkins
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Samantha Anderson
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Esteban Vazquez-Hidalgo
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Rosa Lemus
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - J'Terrell Moore
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Jeremy Mitchell
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Johanna Martinez
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Delnita Moore
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Jessica Larsen
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Paul Paolini
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
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Bazan C, Hawkins T, Torres-Barba D, Blomgren P, Paolini P. Introduction of non-linear elasticity models for characterization of shape and deformation statistics: application to contractility assessment of isolated adult cardiocytes. BMC BIOPHYSICS 2011; 4:17. [PMID: 21854653 PMCID: PMC3201040 DOI: 10.1186/2046-1682-4-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We are exploring the viability of a novel approach to cardiocyte contractility assessment based on biomechanical properties of the cardiac cells, energy conservation principles, and information content measures. We define our measure of cell contraction as being the distance between the shapes of the contracting cell, assessed by the minimum total energy of the domain deformation (warping) of one cell shape into another. To guarantee a meaningful vis-à-vis correspondence between the two shapes, we employ both a data fidelity term and a regularization term. The data fidelity term is based on nonlinear features of the shapes while the regularization term enforces the compatibility between the shape deformations and that of a hyper-elastic material. RESULTS We tested the proposed approach by assessing the contractile responses in isolated adult rat cardiocytes and contrasted these measurements against two different methods for contractility assessment in the literature. Our results show good qualitative and quantitative agreements with these methods as far as frequency, pacing, and overall behavior of the contractions are concerned. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that the proposed methodology, once appropriately developed and customized, can provide a framework for computational cardiac cell biomechanics that can be used to integrate both theory and experiment. For example, besides giving a good assessment of contractile response of the cardiocyte, since the excitation process of the cell is a closed system, this methodology can be employed in an attempt to infer statistically significant model parameters for the constitutive equations of the cardiocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bazan
- Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1245, USA
| | - Trevor Hawkins
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-7720, USA
| | - David Torres-Barba
- Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1245, USA
| | - Peter Blomgren
- Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1245, USA
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-7720, USA
| | - Paul Paolini
- Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1245, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
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Bazan C, Torres Barba D, Blomgren P, Paolini P. Image processing techniques for assessing contractility in isolated neonatal cardiac myocytes. Int J Biomed Imaging 2011; 2011:729732. [PMID: 21826135 PMCID: PMC3151489 DOI: 10.1155/2011/729732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a computational framework for the quantitative assessment of contractile responses of isolated neonatal cardiac myocytes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a practical and accessible method for the assessment of contractility in neonatal cardiocytes. The proposed methodology is comprised of digital video recording of the contracting cell, signal preparation, representation by polar Fourier descriptors, and contractility assessment. The different processing stages are variants of mathematically sound and computationally robust algorithms very well established in the scientific community. The described computational approach provides a comprehensive assessment of the neonatal cardiac myocyte contraction without the need of elaborate instrumentation. The versatility of the methodology allows it to be employed in determining myocyte contractility almost simultaneously with the acquisition of the Ca(2+) transient and other correlates of cell contraction. The proposed methodology can be utilized to evaluate changes in contractile behavior resulting from drug intervention, disease models, transgeneity, or other common applications of neonatal cardiocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bazan
- Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1245, USA
| | - David Torres Barba
- Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1233, USA
| | - Peter Blomgren
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-7720, USA
| | - Paul Paolini
- CardioMyocyte Dynamics Research Lab, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
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Video Evaluation of the Kinematics and Dynamics of the Beating Cardiac Syncytium: An Alternative to the Langendorff Method. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:546-58. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.2011.8510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many important observations and discoveries in heart physiology have been made possible using the isolated heart method of Langendorff. Nevertheless, the Langendorff method has some limitations and disadvantages such as the vulnerability of the excised heart to contusions and injuries, the probability of preconditioning during instrumentation, the possibility of inducing tissue edema, and high oxidative stress, leading to the deterioration of the contractile function. To avoid these drawbacks associated with the use of a whole heart, we alternatively used beating mouse cardiac syncytia cultured in vitro in order to assess possible ergotropic, chronotropic, and inotropic effects of drugs. To achieve this aim, we developed a method based on image processing analysis to evaluate the kinematics and the dynamics of the drug-stimulated beating syncytia starting from the video recording of their contraction movement. In this manner, in comparison with the physiological no-drug condition, we observed progressive positive ergotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive inotropic effects of 10 μM isoproterenol (β-adrenergic agonist) and early positive ergotropic, negative chronotropic, and positive inotropic effects of 10 μM phenylephrine (α-adrenergic agonist), followed by a late phase with negative ergotropic, positive chronotropic, and negative inotropic trends. Our method permitted a systematic study of in vitro beating syncytia, producing results consistent with previous works. Consequently, it could be used in in vitro studies of beating cardiac patches, as an alternative to Langendorff's heart in biochemical and pharmacological studies, and especially when the Langendorff technique is inapplicable (e.g., in studies about human cardiac syncytium in physiological and pathological conditions, patient-tailored therapeutics, and syncytium models derived from induced pluripotent/embryonic stem cells with genetic mutations). Furthermore, the method could be helpful in heart tissue engineering and bioartificial heart research to “engineer the heart piece by piece.” In particular, the proposed method could be useful in the identification of a suitable cell source, in the development and testing of “smart” biomaterials, and in the design and use of novel bioreactors and microperfusion systems.
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