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Naskar A, Dasgupta A, Basak G, Acharya K. Antioxidative and Antibacterial Hydro-Ethanolic Fraction from an Asian Edible Mushroom Lentinus sajor-caju (Agaricomycetes) Suppresses Inflammatory Responses by Downregulating COX-2 and iNOS Expression. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:1-15. [PMID: 38305258 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023051138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mushrooms are prevalently important sources of pharmaceutically active metabolites. Various mushroom species belonging to the Lentinus genus are recognized for their nutritional and therapeutic properties. One such species is L. sajor-caju, which is renowned in Southeast Asian nations for its culinary value. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the potential medicinal properties of L. sajor-caju, specifically its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. A hydroethanolic extract was formulated using dried basidiocarps, which exhibited a high phenolic content of approximately 14% and a flavonoid content of approximately 2.7%. The extract demonstrated significant antioxidant potential in in vitro reactions. The extract is sufficiently capable of scavenging free radicals (DPPH and ABTS) and chelate Fe2+ with EC50 values spanning from 186 to 390 μg/mL. In addition, considerable antimicrobial activity against tested pathogenic microorganisms was observed, as indicated by low MIC50 values (256-358 μg/mL). Moreover, the fraction was found to prevent heat-induced protein denaturation which signifies its anti-inflammatory potential. When tested on the RAW 264.7 cell line, reduction in the nitrite production, and downregulation of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expression was observed which are the key regulator of inflammatory signalling systems. The study, therefore, recommends the use of L. sajor-caju in the medical and pharmaceutical industries for the benefit of humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Naskar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Adhiraj Dasgupta
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Gouri Basak
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
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Gómez-Espinoza J, Riquelme C, Romero-Villegas E, Ahumada-Rudolph R, Novoa V, Méndez P, Millar C, Fernández-Alarcón N, Garnica S, Rajchenberg M, Cabrera-Pardo JR. Diversity of Agaricomycetes in southern South America and their bioactive natural products. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37661754 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2244126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungi have a unique metabolic plasticity allowing them to produce a wide range of natural products. Since the discovery of penicillin, an antibiotic of fungal origin, substantial efforts have been devoted globally to search for fungal-derived natural bioactive products. Andean region forests represent one of the few undisturbed ecosystems in the world with little human intervention. While these forests display a rich biological diversity, mycological and chemical studies in these environments have been scarce. This review aims to summarise all the efforts regarding the chemical or bioactivity analyses of Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) from southern South America environments. Overall, herein we report a total of 147 fungal species, 21 of them showing chemical characterisation and/or biological activity. In terms of chemical cores, furans, chlorinated phenol derivatives, polyenes, lactones, terpenes and himanimides have been reported. These natural products displayed a range of biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, neuroprotective and osteoclast-forming suppressing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonhatan Gómez-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable (LabQAS), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Riquelme
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Ecología y Evolución, Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratorio de Micología, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Enzo Romero-Villegas
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable (LabQAS), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ramón Ahumada-Rudolph
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable (LabQAS), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vanessa Novoa
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Paola Méndez
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable (LabQAS), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Camila Millar
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable (LabQAS), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Naomi Fernández-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable (LabQAS), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sigisfredo Garnica
- Laboratorio de Micología, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mario Rajchenberg
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CIEFAP), Chubut, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jaime R Cabrera-Pardo
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable (LabQAS), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
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Jiang Y, Zhao Q, Deng H, Li Y, Gong D, Huang X, Long D, Zhang Y. The Nutrients and Volatile Compounds in Stropharia rugoso-annulata by Three Drying Treatments. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102077. [PMID: 37238895 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the differences in the nutrients and volatile compounds of Stropharia rugoso-annulata after undergoing three different drying treatments. The fresh mushrooms were dried using hot air drying (HAD), vacuum freeze drying (VFD), and natural air drying (NAD), respectively. After that, the nutrients, volatile components, and sensory evaluation of the treated mushrooms were comparably analyzed. Nutrients analysis included proximate compositions, free amino acids, fatty acids, mineral elements, bioactive compositions, and antioxidant activity. Volatile components were identified by headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, sensory evaluation was conducted by ten volunteers for five sensory properties. The results showed that the HAD group had the highest vitamin D2 content (4.00 μg/g) and antioxidant activity. Compared with other treatments, the VFD group had higher overall nutrient contents, as well as being more preferred by consumers. Additionally, there were 79 volatile compounds identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS, while the NAD group showed the highest contents of volatile compounds (1931.75 μg/g) and volatile flavor compounds (1307.21 μg/g). PCA analysis suggested the volatile flavor compositions were different among the three groups. In summary, it is recommended that one uses VFD for obtaining higher overall nutritional values, while NAD treatment increased the production of volatile flavor components of the mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qilong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haolan Deng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Di Gong
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Danfeng Long
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Interest in Pleurotus djamor Using Agave tequilana Bagasse. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020557. [PMID: 36677617 PMCID: PMC9863222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial residues represent more than 60% of organic wastes worldwide, which could be used to generate other by-products or to be incorporated into other production chains. For example, bagasse is a waste from the tequila industry in Mexico that could be implemented for mushroom cultivation. Additionally, the substrate influences the growth, development, and production of secondary metabolites of fungi. This work presents a comparative experiment that studies the metabolite production in Pleurotus djamor mushrooms on agave bagasse and barley straw (traditional substrate). The biological efficiency (BE), yield, phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, tannins, and the identification of low molecular weight metabolites were evaluated. Five treatments were proposed according to the following mixtures of agave bagasse: barley straw: T1 (1:0), T2 (3:1), T3 (1:1), T4 (1:3), and T5 (0:1). T2 had the highest yield (13.39 ± 3.23%), BE (56.7 ± 13.71%), and flavonoids (44.25 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g); T3 obtained the highest phenol content (230.27 mg GAE/g); and T1 the highest tannins content (0.23 mg (+) catechin equivalent (CE)/g). Finally, T1 and T5 are the ones that present the greatest number of primary metabolites, including hydroxycitric acid, 2-deoxy-D-galactose, D-mannose, paromomycin, palmitic acid, pyrrole, mannitol, and DL arabinose, while in T2, T3, and T4 only two chemical compounds were found present (palmitic acid and pyrrole in T2, silicic acid and pyrrole in T3 and 2-deoxy-D-galactose and quinoline in T4). The cultivation substrate influences the concentration of bioactive molecules in the fruiting bodies of P. djamor. Additionally, P. djamor's degradation of agave bagasse residue generates a potential application for agro-industrial residue management at a low cost.
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Adamska I, Tokarczyk G. Possibilities of Using Macrolepiota procera in the Production of Prohealth Food and in Medicine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:5773275. [PMID: 35655802 PMCID: PMC9153936 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5773275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera) is a fungus that is often included in the menu of people looking for replacements for meat products and at the same time appreciating mushrooms. Its fruiting bodies are known for their delicate flavor and aroma. The aim of the publication was to analyze the latest information (mainly from 2015 to 2021) on the chemical composition of the M. procera fruiting bodies and their antioxidant properties. The data on other health-promoting properties and the possibilities of using these mushrooms in medicine were also compiled and summarized, taking into account their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, regulatory, antidepressant, and anticancer effects. Moreover, the influence of various forms of processing and conservation of raw mushroom on its health-promoting properties was discussed. The possibilities of controlling the quality of both the raw material and the prepared dishes were also discussed. Such an opportunity is offered by the possibility of modifying the growing conditions, in particular, the appropriate selection of the substrate for mushroom cultivation and the deliberate enrichment of its composition with the selected substances, which will then be incorporated into the fungus organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Adamska
- Department of Fish, Plant and Gastronomy Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Tokarczyk
- Department of Fish, Plant and Gastronomy Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Comparison of Different Extraction Solvents for Characterization of Antioxidant Potential and Polyphenolic Composition in Boletus edulis and Cantharellus cibarius Mushrooms from Romania. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247508. [PMID: 34946590 PMCID: PMC8704948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible mushrooms are well-known for their nutritional benefits and low energy density. In addition, mushroom extracts contain various bioactive compounds that account for their antioxidant activity; the applied extraction conditions influence the extraction efficiency of such compounds. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of four extractants on the content of polyphenols and antioxidant properties of Boletus edulis and Cantharellus cibarius mushrooms, aiming to optimize the extraction process. Powders of B. edulis and C. cibarius mushrooms were subjected to extraction with acidic water (10% CH3COOH), ethanol/water/acetic acid (15:76.5:8.5, v/v/v), hexane, and diethyl ether to measure their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Furthermore, the level of individual polyphenolic compounds in these extracts was quantified using an HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method. Results showed that the type of solvent significantly influenced the TPC and TEAC of mushroom powder but insignificantly influenced the TFC. A very strong positive correlation was found between TPC and TEAC, but no correlation was found between TFC and TEAC or TPC and TFC. Acidic water extracted the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds from these mushroom powders. Therefore, the aqueous extract showed the highest TPC and strongest antioxidant activity. Thus, acidic water is recommended for polyphenol analysis in B. edulis and C. cibarius mushrooms.
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Oral Films with Addition Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) as a Source of Active Compounds. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1739-1748. [PMID: 34863975 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop oral films (OFs) based on agar-agar with the incorporation of mushroom powder (MP) as a source of phenolic compounds. To this end, three different OFs were produced using different concentrations of MP, containing sorbitol and agar-agar. The OFs were characterized based on visual assessment, mass, thickness, moisture content, folding endurance, surface pH, contact angle, and phenolic compound content, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR, as well as an assessment of their antioxidant capacity. In general, all the OFs showed film-forming capacity after the incorporation of MP, although their mass, thickness, moisture content, and folding endurance differed significantly. The surface pH value remained close to neutrality (∼6.7), regardless of MP concentration. The incorporation of MP increased the crystallinity of the OFs in comparison to that of the agar-based film, but all the OFs showed similar FTIR spectra. The oral films containing 2 g of MP showed antioxidant capacity by ABTS●+ and FRAP of 3.68±0.23 and 14.61±0.66 mMol ET/g OF, respectively, and total phenolic content of 3.55±0.27 µmol GAE/g OF. Thus, oral films offer an innovative source of delivery of active compounds, and their consumption does not cause oral mucosal irritation.
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Ślusarczyk J, Adamska E, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J. Fungi and Algae as Sources of Medicinal and Other Biologically Active Compounds: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:3178. [PMID: 34579055 PMCID: PMC8464797 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species of fungi including lichenized fungi (lichens) and algae have the ability to biosynthesize biologically active compounds. They produce, among others, polysaccharides with anticancer and immunostimulatory properties: (1) Background: This paper presents the characteristics of the most important bioactive compounds produced by fungi and algae; (2) Methods: Based on the example of the selected species of mushrooms, lichens and algae, the therapeutic properties of the secondary metabolites that they produce and the possibilities of their use are presented; (3) Results: The importance of fungi, especially large-fruited mushrooms, lichens and algae, in nature and human life is discussed, in particular, with regard to their use in the pharmaceutical industry and their nutritional value; (4) Conclusions: The natural organisms, such as fungi, lichenized fungi and algae, could be used as supplementary medicine, in the form of pharmaceutical preparations and food sources. Further advanced studies are required on the pharmacological properties and bioactive compounds of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ślusarczyk
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-420 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Edyta Adamska
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
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Castellanos-Reyes K, Villalobos-Carvajal R, Beldarrain-Iznaga T. Fresh Mushroom Preservation Techniques. Foods 2021; 10:2126. [PMID: 34574236 PMCID: PMC8465629 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and consumption of fresh mushrooms has experienced a significant increase in recent decades. This trend has been driven mainly by their nutritional value and by the presence of bioactive and nutraceutical components that are associated with health benefits, which has led some to consider them a functional food. Mushrooms represent an attractive food for vegetarian and vegan consumers due to their high contents of high-biological-value proteins and vitamin D. However, due to their high respiratory rate, high water content, and lack of a cuticular structure, mushrooms rapidly lose quality and have a short shelf life after harvest, which limits their commercialization in the fresh state. Several traditional preservation methods are used to maintain their quality and extend their shelf life. This article reviews some preservation methods that are commonly used to preserve fresh mushrooms and promising new preservation techniques, highlighting the use of new packaging systems and regulations aimed at the development of more sustainable packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Castellanos-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Agricultura, Carretera a Dulce Nombre de Culmí, km 215, Barrio El Espino, Catacamas 16201, Honduras;
- Food Engineering Department, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello 720, P.O. Box 447, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Ricardo Villalobos-Carvajal
- Food Engineering Department, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello 720, P.O. Box 447, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Tatiana Beldarrain-Iznaga
- Food Engineering Department, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello 720, P.O. Box 447, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
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Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090728. [PMID: 34575766 PMCID: PMC8466349 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have remained an eternal part of traditional cuisines due to their beneficial health potential and have long been recognized as a folk medicine for their broad spectrum of nutraceuticals, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Nowadays, they have been extensively investigated to explain the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedicine and nutraceuticals capacity. Mushrooms belong to the astounding dominion of Fungi and are known as a macrofungus. Significant health benefits of mushrooms, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, wound healing, anticancer, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, detoxification, hepatoprotective cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-diabetic effects, etc., have been reported around the globe and have attracted significant interests of its further exploration in commercial sectors. They can function as functional foods, help in the treatment and therapeutic interventions of sub-optimal health states, and prevent some consequences of life-threatening diseases. Mushrooms mainly contained low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans responsible for their therapeutic action. Due to the large varieties of mushrooms present, it becomes challenging to identify chemical components present in them and their beneficial action. This article highlights such therapeutic activities with their active ingredients for mushrooms.
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Chemical Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of Two Wild Edible Mushrooms Armillaria mellea and Macrolepiota procera from Two Countries (Morocco and Portugal). Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040575. [PMID: 33920034 PMCID: PMC8070987 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of two wild edible mushrooms, the honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) and the parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera), collected from Northern Morocco (MA) and Portugal (PT). Those species were chosen due to their edibility, nutraceutical, and medicinal properties. Bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, tannin, total phenolic, total flavonoid, β-carotene, and lycopene) and their antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Herein, the fruiting body of the samples revealed a significantly higher amount of bioactive compounds, and values varied between the Moroccan and the Portuguese ones. Methanolic extracts shown a strong antioxidant capacity: Using DPPH free radical-scavenging activity radicals (IC50 1.06–1.32 mg/mL); inhibition of β-carotene bleaching radicals (IC50 0.09–0.53 mg/mL); and, reducing power radicals (IC50 0.52–1.11 mg/mL). The mushroom species with the highest antioxidant capacity was A. mellea from MA. Chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS methodologies. GC-MS analysis showed that the most abundant biomolecules group was sugar compositions in the four samples (62.90%, 48.93%, 59.00%, and 53.71%) and the main components were galactitol 16.74%, petroselinic acid 19.83%, d-galactose 38.43%, and glycerol 24.43% in A. mellea (MA), A. mellea (PT), M. procera (MA), and M. procera (PT), respectively. LC-MS analysis of individual phenolic compounds revealed that vanillic acid (198.40 ± 2.82 µg/g dry weight (dw) and cinnamic acid (155.20 ± 0.97 µg/g dw) were the main compounds detected in A. mellea, while protocatechuic acid (92.52 ± 0.45 and 125.50 ± 0.89 µg/g dw) was predominated in M. procera for MA and PT samples, respectively. In general, the results of this comparative study demonstrate that the geographic and climatic conditions of the collection site can influence biomolecule compounds and antioxidant properties of wild mushrooms. This study contributes to the elaboration of nutritional, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical databases of the worldwide consumed mushrooms.
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Choi EJ, Park B, Lee J, Kim J. Anti-atopic dermatitis properties of Cordyceps militaris on TNFα/IFNγ-stimulated HaCaT cells and experimentally induced atopic dermatitis in mice. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 24:7-14. [PMID: 33539689 PMCID: PMC7931639 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study evaluated the anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) properties of Cordyceps militaris (CM) aqueous extract in keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the nutraceutical composition of the CM extract, including its protein, carbohydrate, and selected phytochemical content. [Methods] The expression of pathogenic cytokines in keratinocytes was assayed using an in vitro model. The CM extract downregulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 kinase expression in TNFα/IFNγ-stimulated HaCaT cells. We also established an in vivo AD model by repeatedly exposing the ears of mice to local Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE; house dust mite extract) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The epidermal and dermal ear thickness, mast cell infiltration, and serum immunoglobulin levels were measured following a 4-week oral administration of the CM extract. [Results] Histopathological examination showed reduced epidermal/dermal thickness and mast cell infiltration in mouse ears. The CM extract also suppressed serum immunoglobulin levels and gene expression of T helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokines in mouse ear tissue. [Conclusion] These results suggest that the CM extract may be useful for the treatment of AD-like skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyeon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Sport, Health and Rehabilitation, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Office of Academic Affairs, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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TURFAN N, AYAN S, PEKŞEN A, AKIN ŞS. Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Some Wild and Cultivated Edible Mushrooms in Turkey. ULUSLARARASI TARIM VE YABAN HAYATI BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.24180/ijaws.749512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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The Possible Biotechnological Use of Edible Mushroom Bioproducts for Controlling Plant and Animal Parasitic Nematodes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6078917. [PMID: 32685507 PMCID: PMC7333054 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6078917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present paper reviewed publications on the nematocidal activity of edible mushrooms (EM) and their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of parasitic nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. Nematodes are organisms living in the soil and animals' guts where they may live as parasites severely affecting economically important crops and farm animals, thus causing economic losses to worldwide agriculture. Traditionally, parasitic nematodes have been controlled using commercial pesticides and anthelmintic (AH) drugs. Over the years, nematodes developed resistance to the AH drugs, reducing the usefulness of many commercial drugs. Also, the use of pesticides/anthelmintic drugs to control nematodes can have important negative impacts on the environment. Different EM have been not only used as food but also studied as alternative methods for controlling several diseases including parasitic nematodes. The present paper reviewed publications from the last decades about the nematocidal activity of EM and assessed their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. A reduced number of reports on the effect of EM against nematodes were found, and an even smaller number of reports regarding the potential AH activity of chemical compounds isolated from EM products were found. However, those studies have produced promising results that certainly deserve further investigation. It is concluded that EM, their fractions and extracts, and some compounds contained in them may have biotechnological application for the control of animal and plant parasitic nematodes.
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Angelina M, Margareth SK, Matern SM, Charles VL. Antioxidants activity of the cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) fusiformis cultivated in a low-cost medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajfs2018.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Rzymski P, Klimaszyk P. Is the Yellow Knight Mushroom Edible or Not? A Systematic Review and Critical Viewpoints on the Toxicity of Tricholoma equestre. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1309-1324. [PMID: 33350153 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is no scientific consensus regarding the safety of the Yellow Knight mushroom Tricholoma equestre (L.) P.Kumm. Following reports of cases of intoxication involving effects such as rhabdomyolysis, and supportive observations from in vivo experimental models, T. equestre is considered as a poisonous mushroom in some countries while in others it is still widely collected from the wild and consumed every year. In this paper, we review all the available information on T. equestre including its morphological and molecular characterization, nutritional value, levels of contaminants observed in fruiting bodies, the possibility of mistake with species that are morphologically similar, and the in vivo data on safety and cases of human intoxication. Based on available data, it is suggested that T. equestre cannot be considered as a toxic species and does not appear to exhibit any greater health threat than other mushroom species currently considered as edible. More care should be taken when reporting cases of human poisoning to fully identify T. equestre as the causative agent and to exclude a number of interfering factors. Specific guidelines for reporting future cases of poisoning with T. equestre are outlined in this paper. Any future research involving T. equestre should present the results of molecular phylogenetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Dept. of Environmental Medicine, Poznan Univ. of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Klimaszyk
- Dept. of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz Univ., Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Glamočlija J, Kostić M, Soković M. Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Activities of Edible Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yoshida S, Mitani H, Kamata M, Ohtsuka A, Otomaru K, Obi T, Kanouchi H. Effect of dietary fermented mushroom bed on egg production in laying hens. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:2204-2208. [PMID: 29144889 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1383846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Egg productivity is declined by stress. It has been reported that some food supplements can improve the egg productivity due to a reduction of environmental stress. We evaluated the effect of fermented waste mushroom bed (FWMB) as a dietary additive on egg productivity. Hens were fed control food (control group, n = 100) or 3% FWMB-added food (FWMB group, n = 100) for 16 months. The number of eggs, soft-shelled eggs, and broken eggs were recorded for 15 months. We also evaluated stress-related markers (ovotransferrin, lipid peroxide, and the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio). The FWMB group had slightly increased egg production compared with control hens. The FWMB group produced significantly less broken and soft-shelled eggs than the control group. All stress-related markers were significantly lower in the FWMB group than in the control group. Gut flora was also affected by FWMB feeding. The increased egg production and decreased proportion of broken and soft-shelled eggs might be related to the prevention of stressful conditions by FWMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yoshida
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitani
- b Research & Development Division , Kamada Co. Ltd ., Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Masato Kamata
- b Research & Development Division , Kamada Co. Ltd ., Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- c Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Konosuke Otomaru
- d Laboratory of Veterinary Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Takeshi Obi
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanouchi
- e Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
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Vital ACP, Croge C, Gomes-da-Costa SM, Matumoto-Pintro PT. Effect of addition of Agaricus blazei
mushroom residue to milk enriched with Omega-3 on the prevention of lipid oxidation and bioavailability of bioactive compounds after in vitro
gastrointestinal digestion. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Croge
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Av. Colombo, 5790 Maringá PR 87020-900 Brazil
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Sánchez C. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant properties from mushrooms. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:13-22. [PMID: 29062957 PMCID: PMC5625788 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventive medicine and food industry have shown an increased interest in the development of natural antioxidants, since those most commonly used synthetic antioxidants may have restricted use in food. This could explain why there is currently much research on the antioxidant properties from natural products such as mushrooms. Many mushrooms have been reported to possess antioxidant properties, which enable them to neutralize free radicals. The oxygen molecule is a free radical, which lead to the generation of the reactive oxygen species and can damage the cells. Cell damage caused by free radicals appears to be a major contributor to aging and degenerative diseases. Mushrooms antioxidant components are found in fruit bodies, mycelium and culture both, which include polysaccharides, tocopherols, phenolics, carotenoids, ergosterol and ascorbic acid among others. Fruit bodies or mycelium can be manipulated to produce active compounds in a relatively short period of time, which represent a significant advantage in antioxidant compounds extraction from mushrooms. Antioxidant compounds may be extracted to be used as functional additives or mushrooms can be incorporated into our food regime, representing an alternative source of food to prevent damage caused by oxidation in the human body.
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Kaygusuz O, Kaygusuz M, Dodurga Y, Seçme M, Herken EN, Gezer K. Assessment of the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the wild edible mushroom Agaricus lanipes (F.H. Møller & Jul. Schäff.) Hlaváček. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:135-144. [PMID: 28058568 PMCID: PMC5264629 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the wild edible mushroom Agaricus lanipes, and also to investigate its cytotoxicity and potential and possible apoptotic effect against the A549 lung cancer cell line in in vitro conditions. Total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, lipid hydroperoxides, and total free -SH levels of A. lanipes were found to be 4.55 mg T/g, 14.6 mg GA equivalent/g, 3.10 mg H2O2 equivalent/g, 2.25 mg H2O2 equivalent/g, and 1.90 µmol/g, respectively. The methanolic extract of A. lanipes had relatively strong antimicrobial activity against seven tested microorganism strains. It also had high anti-proliferative potency and strong pro-apoptotic effects, and this mushroom used as a daily nutrient could be a source for new drug developments and treatment in cancer therapies, and could be a guide for studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Kaygusuz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, P.O. BOX 20001, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Meruyert Kaygusuz
- Denizli Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mücahit Seçme
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Emine Nur Herken
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kutret Gezer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, P.O. BOX 20001, Denizli, Turkey
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Nattoh G, Musieba F, Gatebe E, Mathara J. Towards profiling differential distribution of bioactive molecules across four phenologies in Pleurotus djamor R22. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nattoh G, Gatebe E, Musieba F, Mathara J. Bioprospecting optimal phenology for bioactive molecules in native golden yellow Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Bioactive metabolites from macrofungi: ethnopharmacology, biological activities and chemistry. FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Vamanu E. In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Two Edible Mushroom Mycelia Obtained in the Presence of Different Nitrogen Sources. J Med Food 2013; 16:155-66. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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Vamanu E, Nita S. Antioxidant capacity and the correlation with major phenolic compounds, anthocyanin, and tocopherol content in various extracts from the wild edible Boletus edulis mushroom. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:313905. [PMID: 23509707 PMCID: PMC3591155 DOI: 10.1155/2013/313905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Boletus edulis is a wild edible mushroom habitually consumed by rural populations. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts was obtained in cold and hot water from dried fruit bodies. The antioxidant activity of freeze-dried extracts from B. edulis were investigated using free radicals scavenging activity, reducing power, metal chelating effect, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and the identification of antioxidant compounds. The levels of different compounds with antioxidant properties were higher in alcoholic extracts compared with aqueous extracts. Rosmarinic acid was the major phenolic compound, it being identified in a concentration between 7 ± 0.23 and 56 ± 0.15 mg/100 g extract. A positive correlation between the content of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tocopherols, and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was determined. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Romanian wild mushroom B. edulis represents a natural source of functional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Vamanu
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 59 Marasti Boulevard, 011464 Bucharest, Romania.
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Zeng X, Suwandi J, Fuller J, Doronila A, Ng K. Antioxidant capacity and mineral contents of edible wild Australian mushrooms. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2012; 18:367-79. [PMID: 22522306 DOI: 10.1177/1082013211427993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Five selected edible wild Australian mushrooms, Morchella elata, Suillus luteus, Pleurotus eryngii, Cyttaria gunnii, and Flammulina velutipes, were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity and mineral contents. The antioxidant capacities of the methanolic extracts of the dried caps of the mushrooms were determined using a number of different chemical reactions in evaluating multi-mechanistic antioxidant activities. These included the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, and ferrous ion chelating activity. Mineral contents of the dried caps of the mushrooms were also determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The results indicated that these edible wild mushrooms have a high antioxidant capacity and all, except C. gunnii, have a high level of several essential micro-nutrients such as copper, magnesium, and zinc. It can be concluded that these edible wild mushrooms are good sources of nutritional antioxidants and a number of mineral elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zeng
- Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Abdullah N, Ismail SM, Aminudin N, Shuib AS, Lau BF. Evaluation of Selected Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms for Antioxidant and ACE Inhibitory Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2012:464238. [PMID: 21716693 PMCID: PMC3118607 DOI: 10.1155/2012/464238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of diet in prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases including hypertension, this study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities of selected culinary-medicinal mushrooms extracted by boiling in water for 30 min. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the following assays: DPPH free radical scavenging activity, β-carotene bleaching, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reducing power ability, and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). Antioxidant potential of each mushroom species was calculated based on the average percentages relative to quercetin and summarized as Antioxidant Index (AI). Ganoderma lucidum (30.1%), Schizophyllum commune (27.6%), and Hericium erinaceus (17.7%) showed relatively high AI. Total phenolics in these mushrooms varied between 6.19 to 63.51 mg GAE/g extract. In the ACE inhibitory assay, G. lucidum was shown to be the most potent species (IC(50) = 50 μg/mL). Based on our findings, culinary-medicinal mushrooms can be considered as potential source of dietary antioxidant and ACE inhibitory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorlidah Abdullah
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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