1
|
Balzasch BM, Cerwenka A. Microenvironmental signals shaping NK-cell reactivity in cancer. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250103. [PMID: 37194594 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the postulation of the "missing-self" concept, much progress has been made in defining requirements for NK-cell activation. Unlike T lymphocytes that process signals from receptors in a hierarchic manner dominated by the T-cell receptors, NK cells integrate receptor signals more "democratically." Signals originate not only the downstream of cell-surface receptors triggered by membrane-bound ligands or cytokines, but are also mediated by specialized microenvironmental sensors that perceive the cellular surrounding by detecting metabolites or the availability of oxygen. Thus, NK-cell effector functions are driven in an organ and disease-dependent manner. Here, we review the latest findings on how NK-cell reactivity in cancer is determined by the reception and integration of complex signals. Finally, we discuss how this knowledge can be exploited to guide novel combinatorial approaches for NK-cell-based anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M Balzasch
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maddalon A, Cari L, Iulini M, Alhosseini MN, Galbiati V, Marinovich M, Nocentini G, Corsini E. Impact of endocrine disruptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro: role of gender. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3129-3150. [PMID: 37676302 PMCID: PMC10567873 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans can be exposed to endocrine disruptors (EDs) in numerous ways. EDs can interfere with endogenous hormones at different levels, resulting in numerous adverse human health outcomes, including immunotoxicity. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate in vitro the possible effects of EDs on immune cells and possible gender differences. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy humans, both males and females, were exposed to 6 different EDs, namely atrazine (herbicide), cypermethrin (insecticide), diethyl phthalate (plasticizer), 17α-ethynylestradiol (contraceptive drug), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (persistent organic pollutant), and vinclozolin (fungicide). We evaluated the effect of EDs on RACK1 (receptor for activated C kinase 1) expression, considering it as a bridge between the endocrine and the immune system, and putatively used as screening tool of immunotoxic effects of EDs. The exposure to EDs resulted at different extent in alteration in RACK1 expression, pro-inflammatory activity, natural killer lytic ability, and lymphocyte differentiation, with sex-related differences. In particular, diethyl phthalate and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid resulted the most active EDs tested, with gender differences in terms of effects and magnitude. The results from our study evidenced the ability of EDs to directly affect immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Maddalon
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, Building D, Severi Square 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Iulini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mahdieh Naghavi Alhosseini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, Building D, Severi Square 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Marinovich
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, Building D, Severi Square 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Rodolfo Paoletti', Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang L, Zhuang L, Ye Z, Li L, Guan J, Gong W. Immunotherapy and biomarkers in patients with lung cancer with tuberculosis: Recent advances and future Directions. iScience 2023; 26:107881. [PMID: 37841590 PMCID: PMC10570004 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) and tuberculosis (TB) are two major global public health problems, and the incidence of LC-TB is currently on the rise. Therefore effective clinical interventions are crucial for LC-TB. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the immunological profile and therapeutic biomarkers in patients with LC-TB. We discuss the immune mechanisms involved, including the immune checkpoints that play an important role in the treatment of patients with LC-TB. In addition, we explore the susceptibility of patients with LC to TB and summarise the latest research on LC-TB. Finally, we discuss future prospects in this field, including the identification of potential targets for immune intervention. In conclusion, this review provides important insights into the complex relationship between LC and TB and highlights new advances in the detection and treatment of both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
- Senior Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Linsheng Li
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Jingzhi Guan
- Senior Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie Y, Kong W, Zhao X, Zhang H, Luo D, Chen S. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cervical cancer: Current status and research progress. Front Oncol 2022; 12:984896. [PMID: 36387196 PMCID: PMC9647018 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.984896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological malignant tumor endangering the health of women worldwide. Despite advances in the therapeutic strategies available to treat cervical cancer, the long-term prognosis of patients with recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer remains unsatisfactory. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown encouraging efficacy in the treatment of cervical cancer. ICIs have been approved for use in both first- and second-line cervical cancer therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of ICIs and the application of ICIs in clinical trials for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dynamic changes in regulatory T cells during normal pregnancy, recurrent pregnancy loss, and gestational diabetes. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 150:103492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
6
|
Kulasinghe A, Monkman J, Shah ET, Matigian N, Adams MN, O’Byrne K. Spatial Profiling Identifies Prognostic Features of Response to Adjuvant Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Front Oncol 2022; 11:798296. [PMID: 35083152 PMCID: PMC8784863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.798296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that has few effective treatment options due to its lack of targetable hormone receptors. Whilst the degree of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been shown to associate with therapy response and prognosis, deeper characterization of the molecular diversity that may mediate chemotherapeutic response is lacking. Here we applied targeted proteomic analysis of both chemotherapy sensitive and resistant TNBC tissue samples by the Nanostring GeoMx Digital Spatial Platform (DSP). By quantifying 68 targets in the tumour and tumour microenvironment (TME) compartments and performing differential expression analysis between responsive and non-responsive tumours, we show that increased ER-alpha expression and decreased 4-1BB and MART1 within the stromal compartments is associated with adjuvant chemotherapy response. Similarly, higher expression of GZMA, STING and fibronectin and lower levels of CD80 were associated with response within tumour compartments. Univariate overall-survival (OS) analysis of stromal proteins supported these findings, with ER-alpha expression (HR=0.19, p=0.0012) associated with better OS while MART1 expression (HR=2.3, p=0.035) was indicative of poorer OS. Proteins within tumour compartments consistent with longer OS included PD-L1 (HR=0.53, p=0.023), FOXP3 (HR=0.5, p=0.026), GITR (HR=0.51, p=0.036), SMA (HR=0.59, p=0.043), while EPCAM (HR=1.7, p=0.045), and CD95 (HR=4.9, p=0.046) expression were associated with shorter OS. Our data provides early insights into the levels of these markers in the TNBC tumour microenvironment, and their association with chemotherapeutic response and patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arutha Kulasinghe
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Monkman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Esha T. Shah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Matigian
- QFAB Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark N. Adams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ken O’Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blocking the GITR-GITRL pathway to overcome resistance to therapy in sarcomatoid malignant pleural mesothelioma. Commun Biol 2021; 4:914. [PMID: 34312483 PMCID: PMC8313521 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive neoplasm originating from the pleura. Non-epithelioid (biphasic and sarcomatoid) MPM are particularly resistant to therapy. We investigated the role of the GITR-GITRL pathway in mediating the resistance to therapy. We found that GITR and GITRL expressions were higher in the sarcomatoid cell line (CRL5946) than in non-sarcomatoid cell lines (CRL5915 and CRL5820), and that cisplatin and Cs-137 irradiation increased GITR and GITRL expressions on tumor cells. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the GITR-GITRL pathway was promoting tumor growth and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Furthermore, GITR+ and GITRL+ cells demonstrated increased spheroid formation in vitro and in vivo. Using patient derived xenografts (PDXs), we demonstrated that anti-GITR neutralizing antibodies attenuated tumor growth in sarcomatoid PDX mice. Tumor immunostaining demonstrated higher levels of GITR and GITRL expressions in non-epithelioid compared to epithelioid tumors. Among 73 patients uniformly treated with accelerated radiation therapy followed by surgery, the intensity of GITR expression after radiation negatively correlated with survival in non-epithelioid MPM patients. In conclusion, the GITR-GITRL pathway is an important mechanism of autocrine proliferation in sarcomatoid mesothelioma, associated with tumor stemness and resistance to therapy. Blocking the GITR-GITRL pathway could be a new therapeutic target for non-epithelioid mesothelioma. Chan et al find that the GITR-GITRL pathway is an important mechanism of autocrine proliferation in sarcomatoid mesothelioma that could explain their resistance to therapy. Blocking the GITR-GITRL pathway could therefore be a new therapeutic target for non-epithelioid mesothelioma.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tabana Y, Moon TC, Siraki A, Elahi S, Barakat K. Reversing T-cell exhaustion in immunotherapy: a review on current approaches and limitations. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:347-363. [PMID: 34056985 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1937123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:T cell functions are altered during chronic viral infections and tumor development. This is mainly manifested by significant changes in T cells' epigenetic and metabolic landscapes, pushing them into an 'exhausted' state. Reversing this T cell exhaustion has been emerging as a 'game-changing' therapeutic approach against cancer and chronic viral infection.Areas covered:This review discusses the cellular pathways related to T cell exhaustion, and the clinical development and possible cellular targets that can be exploited therapeutically to reverse this exhaustion. We searched various databases (e.g. Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and other scientific database sites) using the keywords T cell exhaustion, T cell activation, co-inhibitory receptors, and reversing T cell exhaustion.Expert opinion:The discovery of the immune checkpoints pathways represents a significant milestone toward understanding and reversing T cell exhaustion. Antibodies that target these pathways have already demonstrated promising activities in reversing T cell exhaustion. Nevertheless, there are still many associated limitations. In this context, next-generation alternatives are on the horizon. This includes the use of small molecules to block the immune checkpoints' receptors, combining them with other treatments, and identifying novel, safer and more effective immunotherapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Tabana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tae Chul Moon
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arno Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Liao K, Liu B, Niu C, Zou W, Yang L, Wang T, Tian D, Luo Z, Dai J, Li Q, Liu E, Gong C, Fu Z, Li Y, Ding F. GITRL on dendritic cells aggravates house dust mite-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness by modulating CD4 + T cell differentiation. Respir Res 2021; 22:46. [PMID: 33557842 PMCID: PMC7869253 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein ligand (GITRL) plays an important role in tumors, autoimmunity and inflammation. However, GITRL is not known to modulate the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. In this study, we investigated whether regulating GITRL expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) can prevent asthma and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Methods In vivo, the role of GITRL in modulating house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma was assessed in adeno-associated virus (AAV)-shGITRL mice. In vitro, the role of GITRL expression by DCs was evaluated in LV-shGITRL bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) under HDM stimulation. And the direct effect of GITRL was observed by stimulating splenocytes with GITRL protein. The effect of regulating GITRL on CD4+ T cell differentiation was detected. Further, GITRL mRNA in the peripheral blood of asthmatic children was tested. Results GITRL was significantly increased in HDM-challenged mice. In GITRL knockdown mice, allergen-induced airway inflammation, serum total IgE levels and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were reduced. In vitro, GITRL expression on BMDCs was increased after HDM stimulation. Further, knocking down GITRL on DCs partially restored the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells. Moreover, GITRL stimulation in vitro inhibited Treg cell differentiation and promoted Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation. Similarly, GITRL mRNA expression was increased in the peripheral blood from asthmatic children. Conclusions This study identified a novel role for GITRL expressed by DCs as a positive regulator of CD4+ T cells responses in asthma, which implicates that GITRL inhibitors may be a potential immunotherapy for asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kou Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiyin Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiu Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qubei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihui Gong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengxia Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou Y, Heitmann JS, Clar KL, Kropp KN, Hinterleitner M, Engler T, Koch A, Hartkopf AD, Zender L, Salih HR, Maurer S, Hinterleitner C. Platelet-expressed immune checkpoint regulator GITRL in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2483-2496. [PMID: 33538861 PMCID: PMC8360840 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their key role in several diseases including cancer, activating and inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules are increasingly exploited as targets for immunotherapy. Recently, we demonstrated that platelets, which largely influence tumor progression and immune evasion, functionally express the ligand of the checkpoint molecule GITR. This immunoreceptor modulates effector functions of T cells and NK cells with its function varying dependent on cellular context and activation state. Here, we provide a comparative analysis of platelet-derived GITRL (pGITRL) in breast cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The levels of pGITRL were found to be higher on platelets derived from cancer patients and appeared to be specifically regulated during tumor progression as exemplified by several clinical parameters including tumor stage/grade, the occurrence of metastases and tumor proliferation (Ki67) index. In addition, we report that pGITRL is upregulated during platelet maturation and particularly induced upon exposure to tumor-derived soluble factors. Our data indicate that platelets modulate the GITR/GITRL immune checkpoint in the context of malignant disease and provide a rationale to further study the GITR/GITRL axis for exploitation for immunotherapeutic intervention in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhou
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kim L Clar
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian N Kropp
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Hinterleitner
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas D Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Clemens Hinterleitner
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maurer S, Ferrari de Andrade L. NK Cell Interaction With Platelets and Myeloid Cells in the Tumor Milieu. Front Immunol 2020; 11:608849. [PMID: 33424862 PMCID: PMC7785787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells recognize and kill tumor cells via germ-line encoded receptors and polarized degranulation of cytotoxic molecules, respectively. As such, NK cells help to inhibit the development of cancers. The activating receptor NKG2D induces NK cell-mediated killing of metastasizing tumor cells by recognition of the stress-induced ligands MICA, MICB, and ULBP1-6. However, platelets enable escape from this immune surveillance mechanism by obstructing the interactions between NK cells and tumor cells or by cleaving the stress-induced ligands. It is also being increasingly appreciated that NK cells play additional roles in cancer immunity, including chemokine-mediated recruitment of antigen presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment that is followed by generation of adaptive immunity. However, the NK cell interplays with dendritic cells, and macrophages are extremely complex and involve molecular interactions via NKG2D and cytokine receptors. Specifically, NKG2D-mediated chronic interaction between NK cells and tumor-infiltrating macrophages causes immune suppression by differentiating NK cells toward a dysfunctional state. Here we discuss the underlying mechanisms of NK cell control by platelets and myeloid cells with focus on NKG2D and its ligands, and provide a timely perspective on how to harness these pathways with novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maurer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lucas Ferrari de Andrade
- Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Demirci Y, Cucun G, Poyraz YK, Mohammed S, Heger G, Papatheodorou I, Ozhan G. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Regenerating Zebrafish Telencephalon Unravels a Resource With Key Pathways During Two Early Stages and Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling at the Early Wound Healing Stage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584604. [PMID: 33163496 PMCID: PMC7581945 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to its pronounced regenerative capacity in many tissues and organs, the zebrafish brain represents an ideal platform to understand the endogenous regeneration mechanisms that restore tissue integrity and function upon injury or disease. Although radial glial and neuronal cell populations have been characterized with respect to specific marker genes, comprehensive transcriptomic profiling of the regenerating telencephalon has not been conducted so far. Here, by processing the lesioned and unlesioned hemispheres of the telencephalon separately, we reveal the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the early wound healing and early proliferative stages of regeneration, i.e., 20 h post-lesion (hpl) and 3 days post-lesion (dpl), respectively. At 20 hpl, we detect a far higher number of DEGs in the lesioned hemisphere than in the unlesioned half and only 7% of all DEGs in both halves. However, this difference disappears at 3 dpl, where the lesioned and unlesioned hemispheres share 40% of all DEGs. By performing an extensive comparison of the gene expression profiles in these stages, we unravel that the lesioned hemispheres at 20 hpl and 3 dpl exhibit distinct transcriptional profiles. We further unveil a prominent activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling at 20 hpl, returning to control level in the lesioned site at 3 dpl. Wnt/β-catenin signaling indeed appears to control a large number of genes associated primarily with the p53, apoptosis, forkhead box O (FoxO), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways specifically at 20 hpl. Based on these results, we propose that the lesioned and unlesioned hemispheres react to injury dynamically during telencephalon regeneration and that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling at the early wound healing stage plays a key role in the regulation of cellular and molecular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demirci
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylül University Health Campus, İzmir, Turkey.,İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-İzmir), Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Cucun
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylül University Health Campus, İzmir, Turkey.,İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-İzmir), Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kaan Poyraz
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylül University Health Campus, İzmir, Turkey.,İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-İzmir), Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Suhaib Mohammed
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irene Papatheodorou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylül University Health Campus, İzmir, Turkey.,İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-İzmir), Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Harnessing the Complete Repertoire of Conventional Dendritic Cell Functions for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070663. [PMID: 32674488 PMCID: PMC7408110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of checkpoint inhibition revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, studies from the last decade suggested that the sole enhancement of T cell functionality might not suffice to fight malignancies in all individuals. Dendritic cells (DCs) are not only part of the innate immune system, but also generals of adaptive immunity and they orchestrate the de novo induction of tolerogenic and immunogenic T cell responses. Thus, combinatorial approaches addressing DCs and T cells in parallel represent an attractive strategy to achieve higher response rates across patients. However, this requires profound knowledge about the dynamic interplay of DCs, T cells, other immune and tumor cells. Here, we summarize the DC subsets present in mice and men and highlight conserved and divergent characteristics between different subsets and species. Thereby, we supply a resource of the molecular players involved in key functional features of DCs ranging from their sentinel function, the translation of the sensed environment at the DC:T cell interface to the resulting specialized T cell effector modules, as well as the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the DC function. As of today, mostly monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are used in autologous cell therapies after tumor antigen loading. While showing encouraging results in a fraction of patients, the overall clinical response rate is still not optimal. By disentangling the general aspects of DC biology, we provide rationales for the design of next generation DC vaccines enabling to exploit and manipulate the described pathways for the purpose of cancer immunotherapy in vivo. Finally, we discuss how DC-based vaccines might synergize with checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of malignant diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdollahi E, Saghafi N, Rezaee SA, Rastin M, Jarahi L, Clifton V, Rafatpanah H. Evaluation of 1,25(OH)2D3 Effects on FOXP3, ROR-γt, GITR, and CTLA-4 Gene Expression in the PBMCs of Vitamin D-Deficient Women with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (URPL). IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2020; 24:295-305. [PMID: 32429643 PMCID: PMC7392141 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.5.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can be associated with adverse effects on fetus and pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of 1,25VitD3 on specific transcription factor and markers of Tregs and Th17 cells in PBMCs of women with URPL as a case group and PBMCs of healthy women as a control group. Methods: Samples from 20 non-pregnant patients with a history of URPL were compared to 20 normal non-pregnant women. PBMCs were divided into three wells for each subject in the presence of 1,25VitD3 (50 nM, for 16 hours), PHA (10 µM; positive control), and without any treatment (negative control). By Real-time PCR (Taqman assay), specific transcription factors of Tregs and Th17 cells, FOXP3, ROR-γt, GITR, and CTLA-4 mRNA expressions in two groups were measured. Results: FOXP3/ROR-γt mRNA expression in PBMCs decreased significantly in women experiencing URPL compared to the control group (p = 0.0001). Although 1,25VitD3 (50 nM) increased FOXP3 gene expression (p = 0.0001), it did not significantly affect ROR-γt gene expression. Besides, 1,25VitD3 treatment significantly increased FOXP3/ROR-γt mRNA expression from baseline in PBMCs of the fetal loss group compared to that of the control group (p = 0.01). The 1,25VitD3 also increased GITR gene expression (p = 0.017) in PBMCs of URPL women compared to the controls. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be a contributor to recurrent pregnancy loss and suggests that the supplementation of women with Vitamin D pre-pregnancy may be protective against URPL via affecting Tregs signature genes, FOXP3 and GITR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abdollahi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Graduate Research Trainee in Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nafiseh Saghafi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vicki Clifton
- Pregnancy and Development, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Joerger M, Güller U, Bastian S, Driessen C, von Moos R. Prolonged tumor response associated with sequential immune checkpoint inhibitor combination treatment and regorafenib in a patient with advanced pretreated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:373-378. [PMID: 31032109 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Besides sorafenib, regorafenib and lenvatinib, recent data have shown clinical activity of the PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab. We present the case of a sorafenib-refractory patient probably experiencing progressive disease during immune checkpoint inhibitor combination treatment with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab and the anti-GITR monoclonal antibody BMS-986156 within a clinical phase-1 trial followed by a prolonged tumor response according to RECIST v.1.1 during third-line treatment with the multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib. Prolonged tumor response may solely be induced by third-line regorafenib monotherapy or may represent late treatment response to combination immunotherapy. Data from this clinical case report support future exploration of combination treatment of the oral multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib with PD-(L)1 targeted monoclonal antibodies in patients with advanced HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Joerger
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Güller
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bastian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Driessen
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roger von Moos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Chur, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lo Nigro C, Macagno M, Sangiolo D, Bertolaccini L, Aglietta M, Merlano MC. NK-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in solid tumors: biological evidence and clinical perspectives. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:105. [PMID: 31019955 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) makes use of the innate immune cells providing antitumor cytotoxicity activated by antibodies linked to target cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are a small set of lymphocytes, but are considered the most important cells among those able to induce ADCC. They provoke innate immune responses and harmonise spontaneous cytotoxicity towards tumor and virus-infected cells. They are able to swiftly produce biochemical signals and cytokines so as to stimulate subsequent adaptive immune responses. Immunotherapeutics that target NK cells, augmenting their immune response, can cause the antitumor dynamics of the antibodies to be improved. The recent developments in the field of NK cell immunotherapy and genotypic factors which might affect patient responses to antibody-dependent immunotherapies are the main subject of this review, with a particular focus on the manipulations and strategies used to augment ADCC. In the next years combined treatment with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and immunomodulatory drugs will be an important part in antitumor therapy. The main challenge remains the difficulty in distinguishing in the clinical setting, between the target effect that many mAbs exert against specific cell membrane receptors and the ADCC effect that they too also can induce. Drugs able to activate NK cells, that are major actors in mAb-mediated ADCC, will improve the ADCC effect against tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Lo Nigro
- Department of Oncology, S. Croce & Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Marco Macagno
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Bertolaccini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, AUSL Bologna Maggiore Teaching Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu YY, Hsieh CT, Tsay GJ, Kao JT, Chiu YM, Shieh DC, Lee YJ. Recruitment of CCR6 + Foxp3 + regulatory gastric infiltrating lymphocytes in Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12550. [PMID: 30412323 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with an inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa, leading to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Increased T-cell infiltration is found at sites of H. pylori infection. The CCR6+ subset of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a newly characterized subset of Tregs, has been reported to contribute to local immune inhibition. However, whether CCR6+ Tregs are present in H. pylori gastritis, and what their relationship is to disease prognosis, remains to be elucidated. In this study, gastric infiltrating lymphocytes were isolated from endoscopic biopsy specimens of H. pylori gastritis patients and analyzed. We found that in gastric infiltrating lymphocytes, CCR6+ CD4+ CD25high Tregs, which express high levels of CD45RO, are positively associated with more severe inflammation in gastric mucosa during H. pylori infection. Furthermore, the frequency of CCR6+ Tregs in gastric infiltrating lymphocytes, but not CCR6- Tregs, is significantly increased in inflamed gastric tissues, which is inversely correlated with significantly lower expression of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells. We also found that the frequency of CCR6+ Tregs is positively correlated with the frequency of CD4+ IFN-γ+ T cells. In addition, the frequency of CCR6+ Tregs, but not that of CCR6- Tregs, is significantly correlated with increased inflammation in H. pylori gastritis. This study demonstrates that immunosuppression in H. pylori gastritis might be related to the activity of CCR6+ Tregs, which could influence disease prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tung Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Gregory J Tsay
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ta Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ming Chiu
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Chen Shieh
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The inhibition of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) products leukotriene B4 (LTB 4 ) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) modulates the inflammatory response and improves cutaneous wound healing. Clin Immunol 2018; 190:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
19
|
Lopez A, Harada K, Mizrak Kaya D, Ajani JA. Current therapeutic landscape for advanced gastroesophageal cancers. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:78. [PMID: 29666801 PMCID: PMC5890037 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.10.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of advanced gastroesophageal cancers remains challenging for clinicians, patients, and caregivers alike. Despite considerable research, the therapeutic armamentarium is restricted and hardly personalized. In the first-line setting, trastuzumab with a fluoropyrimidine and platinum agent is the standard-of-care in patients with HER2-positive tumor. For the others, a platinum-based doublet (preferably with oxaliplatin) is recommended. Three-drug cytotoxic regimens should be reserved for exceptional cases where patients have good performance status. Triple combinations produce higher toxicity and provide marginal advantage. In the second line setting, the combination of paclitaxel and ramucirumab is preferred over all others. Currently, nothing is approved in the 3rd or later line. Nivolumab has resulted in an improved benefit in an Asian trial. Early trials of TAS-102, STAT3 inhibitors, anti-claudin 18.2 and other immune checkpoint inhibitors (alone or in combination) are ongoing. However, development of reproducible biomarkers for patient enrichment is critical for future progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lopez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Inserm U954, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dilsa Mizrak Kaya
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xiao X, Douthwaite JA, Chen Y, Kemp B, Kidd S, Percival-Alwyn J, Smith A, Goode K, Swerdlow B, Lowe D, Wu H, Dall'Acqua WF, Chowdhury PS. A high-throughput platform for population reformatting and mammalian expression of phage display libraries to enable functional screening as full-length IgG. MAbs 2017; 9:996-1006. [PMID: 28613102 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1337617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display antibody libraries are a rich resource for discovery of potential therapeutic antibodies. Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) libraries are the most common format due to the efficient display of scFv by phage particles and the ease by which soluble scFv antibodies can be expressed for high-throughput screening. Typically, a cascade of screening and triaging activities are performed, beginning with the assessment of large numbers of E. coli-expressed scFv, and progressing through additional assays with individual reformatting of the most promising scFv to full-length IgG. However, use of high-throughput screening of scFv for the discovery of full-length IgG is not ideal because of the differences between these molecules. Furthermore, the reformatting step represents a bottle neck in the process because each antibody has to be handled individually to preserve the unique VH and VL pairing. These problems could be resolved if populations of scFv could be reformatted to full-length IgG before screening without disrupting the variable region pairing. Here, we describe a novel strategy that allows the reformatting of diverse populations of scFv from phage selections to full-length IgG in a batch format. The reformatting process maintains the diversity and variable region pairing with high fidelity, and the resulted IgG pool enables high-throughput expression of IgG in mammalian cells and cell-based functional screening. The improved process led to the discovery of potent candidates that are comparable or better than those obtained by traditional methods. This strategy should also be readily applicable to Fab-based phage libraries. Our approach, Screening in Product Format (SiPF), represents a substantial improvement in the field of antibody discovery using phage display.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xiao
- a Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Julie A Douthwaite
- b Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Cambridge , UK
| | - Yan Chen
- a Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Ben Kemp
- b Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Cambridge , UK
| | - Sara Kidd
- b Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Cambridge , UK
| | | | - Alison Smith
- b Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Cambridge , UK
| | - Kate Goode
- b Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Cambridge , UK
| | - Bonnie Swerdlow
- c Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - David Lowe
- b Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Cambridge , UK
| | - Herren Wu
- a Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - William F Dall'Acqua
- a Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Partha S Chowdhury
- a Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang M, Wan J, Xu Y, Zhang D, Peng J, Qi C, Guo Q, Xia S, Su Z, Wang S, Xu H. Simultaneously increased expression of glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor and its ligand contributes to increased interleukin-5/13-producing group 2 innate lymphocytes in murine asthma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4291-4299. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
22
|
Belmar NA, Chan SW, Fox MI, Samayoa JA, Stickler MM, Tran NN, Akamatsu Y, Hollenbaugh D, Harding FA, Alvarez HM. Murinization and H Chain Isotype Matching of the Anti-GITR Antibody DTA-1 Reduces Immunogenicity-Mediated Anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4502-4512. [PMID: 28446565 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in immuno-oncology have shown that the immune system can be activated to induce long-term, durable antitumor responses. For immuno-oncology drug development, immune activation is often explored using rat Abs in immunocompetent mouse models. Although these models can be used to show efficacy, antidrug immune responses to experimental protein-based therapeutics can arise. Immunogenicity of surrogate Abs may therefore represent an important obstacle to the evaluation of the antitumor efficacy of immunomodulator Abs in syngeneic models. A recent publication has shown that anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein agonistic Ab DTA-1 (rat or murinized IgG2a) can induce the development of anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice upon repeated i.p. dosing because of an anti-idiotypic anti-drug Ab immune response. This study was undertaken to address the impact of the immunogenicity derived from the Fc and variable domains. To this end, chimerized (rat V domains/mouse constant regions) and murinized (95% mouse sequence) DTA-1-based surrogate Abs with a murine IgG2c H chain isotype were created. Chimerization and murinization of DTA-1 did not affect receptor binding and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein-induced T cell agonistic properties. Similar in vivo antitumor efficacy and intratumoral CD8+/regulatory T cells were also observed. Finally, treatment of C57BL/6 mice with the chimerized and murinized DTA-1 Abs on a C57BL/6-matched IgG2c isotype resulted in reduced development and severity of anaphylaxis as measured by decline of body temperature, behavioral effects, serum IL-4, IgE, and anti-drug Ab levels. These results suggest that careful murinization and selection of a strain-matched H chain isotype are critical to generate ideal surrogate Abs for testing immuno-oncology mechanisms in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Belmar
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Sarah W Chan
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Melvin I Fox
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Josue A Samayoa
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Marcia M Stickler
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Ninian N Tran
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Yoshiko Akamatsu
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Diane Hollenbaugh
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Fiona A Harding
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Hamsell M Alvarez
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ley K, Gerdes N, Winkels H. ATVB Distinguished Scientist Award: How Costimulatory and Coinhibitory Pathways Shape Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:764-777. [PMID: 28360089 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.308611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune cells play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and CD28 immunoglobulin superfamilies not only shape T-cell and B-cell responses but also have a major effect on antigen-presenting cells and nonimmune cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition or activation of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules and genetic deletion demonstrated their involvement in atherosclerosis. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways shape the immune response in atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Insights gained from costimulatory and coinhibitory molecule function in atherosclerosis may inform future therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA (K.L., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (N.G.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (N.G.).
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA (K.L., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (N.G.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (N.G.)
| | - Holger Winkels
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA (K.L., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (N.G.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (N.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Beyond TNF: TNF superfamily cytokines as targets for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:217-233. [PMID: 28275260 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
TNF blockers are highly efficacious at dampening inflammation and reducing symptoms in rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, and also in nonrheumatic syndromes such as inflammatory bowel disease. As TNF belongs to a superfamily of 19 structurally related proteins that have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity, reagents that disrupt the interaction between proinflammatory TNF family cytokines and their receptors, or agonize the anti-inflammatory receptors, are being considered for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Biologic agents that block B cell activating factor (BAFF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) have been approved for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and osteoporosis, respectively. In this Review, we focus on additional members of the TNF superfamily that could be relevant for the pathogenesis of rheumatic disease, including those that can strongly promote activity of immune cells or increase activity of tissue cells, as well as those that promote death pathways and might limit inflammation. We examine preclinical mouse and human data linking these molecules to the control of damage in the joints, muscle, bone or other tissues, and discuss their potential as targets for future therapy of rheumatic diseases.
Collapse
|
25
|
Dempke WCM, Fenchel K, Uciechowski P, Dale SP. Second- and third-generation drugs for immuno-oncology treatment-The more the better? Eur J Cancer 2017; 74:55-72. [PMID: 28335888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent success in cancer immunotherapy (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD1/PD-L1) has confirmed the hypothesis that the immune system can control many cancers across various histologies, in some cases producing durable responses in a way not seen with many small-molecule drugs. However, only less than 25% of all patients do respond to immuno-oncology drugs and several resistance mechanisms have been identified (e.g. T-cell exhaustion, overexpression of caspase-8 and β-catenin, PD-1/PD-L1 gene amplification, MHC-I/II mutations). To improve response rates and to overcome resistance, novel second- and third-generation immuno-oncology drugs are currently evaluated in ongoing phase I/II trials (either alone or in combination) including novel inhibitory compounds (e.g. TIM-3, VISTA, LAG-3, IDO, KIR) and newly developed co-stimulatory antibodies (e.g. CD40, GITR, OX40, CD137, ICOS). It is important to note that co-stimulatory agents strikingly differ in their proposed mechanism of action compared with monoclonal antibodies that accomplish immune activation by blocking negative checkpoint molecules such as CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-1 or others. Indeed, the prospect of combining agonistic with antagonistic agents is enticing and represents a real immunologic opportunity to 'step on the gas' while 'cutting the brakes', although this strategy as a novel cancer therapy has not been universally endorsed so far. Concerns include the prospect of triggering cytokine-release syndromes, autoimmune reactions and hyper immune stimulation leading to activation-induced cell death or tolerance, however, toxicity has not been a major issue in the clinical trials reported so far. Although initial phase I/II clinical trials of agonistic and novel antagonistic drugs have shown highly promising results in the absence of disabling toxicity, both in single-agent studies and in combination with chemotherapy or other immune system targeting drugs; however, numerous questions remain about dose, schedule, route of administration and formulation as well as identifying the appropriate patient populations. In our view, with such a wealth of potential mechanisms of action and with the ability to fine-tune monoclonal antibody structure and function to suit particular requirements, the second and third wave of immuno-oncology drugs are likely to provide rapid advances with new combinations of novel immunotherapy (especially co-stimulatory antibodies). Here, we will review the mechanisms of action and the clinical data of these new antibodies and discuss the major issues facing this rapidly evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram C M Dempke
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development, Galashiels, United Kingdom; University of Munich, University Hospital of Grosshadern, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Germany.
| | | | - Peter Uciechowski
- RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, Germany
| | - Stephen P Dale
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development, Galashiels, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sales-Campos H, de Souza PR, Basso PJ, Nardini V, Silva A, Banquieri F, Alves VBF, Chica JEL, Nomizo A, Cardoso CRB. Amelioration of experimental colitis after short-term therapy with glucocorticoid and its relationship to the induction of different regulatory markers. Immunology 2016; 150:115-126. [PMID: 27618667 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical benefits of short-term therapy with glucocorticoids (GC) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are widely known. However, the effects of this treatment towards the re-establishment of the regulatory network in IBD are not fully explored. We have evaluated the immunological effects of the abbreviated GC therapy in experimental colitis induced by 3% dextran sulphate sodium in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with GC improved disease outcome, constrained circulating leucocytes and ameliorated intestinal inflammation. The control of the local inflammatory responses involved a reduction in the expression of interferon-γ and interleukin-1β, associated with augmented mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (α and γ) in intestine. Furthermore, there was a reduction of CD4+ T cells producing interferon-γ, together with an increased frequency of the putative regulatory population of T cells producing interleukin-10, in spleen. These systemic alterations were accompanied by a decrease in the proliferative potential of splenocytes of mice treated in vivo with GC. Notably, treatment with GC also led to an increase in the frequency of the regulatory markers GITR, CTLA-4, PD-1, CD73 and FoxP3, more prominently in spleen. Taken together, our results pointed to a role of GC in the control of leucocyte responsiveness and re-establishment of a regulatory system, which probably contributed to disease control and the restoration of immune balance. Finally, this is the first time that GC treatment was associated with the modulation of a broad number of regulatory markers in an experimental model of colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patrícia R de Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo J Basso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Viviani Nardini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Angelica Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Banquieri
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B F Alves
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Javier E L Chica
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Auro Nomizo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristina R B Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schmohl JU, Nuebling T, Wild J, Kroell T, Kanz L, Salih HR, Schmetzer H. Expression of 4-1BB and its ligand on blasts correlates with prognosis of patients with AML. J Investig Med 2016; 64:1252-1260. [PMID: 27388616 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Costimulatory ligands (COLs) and their receptors (COR) regulate immune reactions and cellular survival and might be relevant in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study evaluated the clinical relevance of 4-1BBL, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) and ligand (GITRL), CD80, and CD86 in case of expression on AML blasts. 98 patients were evaluated at initial diagnosis. Immunophenotypically evaluated specific fluorescence index (SFI) levels of COR and COL on blasts were correlated with morphological, cytogenetic, and several prognostic parameters. Significantly higher COR expression was seen in monocytic versus non-monocytic AML subtypes; GITR, p=0.05; GITRL, p=0.005; CD86, p=0.001). Cut-off values for two COR and their ligands were evaluated: cases presenting with 4-1BB values above cut-off 1.2 SFI levels correlated (tendentially) significantly with a higher probability for disease-free survival (DFS, p=0.06) and a favorable HR of 0.2; p=0.04 for relapse. HR for death was also significantly lower in this group (0.12; p=0.04). In contrast, a lower probability for DFS and overall survival was seen in cases with 4-1BBL expression above 2.2 SFI levels (p=0.08 and p=0.09). In addition, multivariate analysis showed a significantly higher probability of death in this group (HR 10.3, p=0.04). Expression of CD80 and CD86 did not show significant prognostic relevance. On initial diagnosis, 4-1BB and 4-1BBL qualify as markers for prediction of patients' course and represent a valuable screening target for patients with AML at initial diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg U Schmohl
- Section of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Therapeutic Radiology-Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Department 2, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tina Nuebling
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Department 2, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department for Internal Medicine II, German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Partner site Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Wild
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Department 2, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department for Internal Medicine II, German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Partner site Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Kroell
- Department for Hematopoetic Cell Transplantation, Medical Department 3, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lothar Kanz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Department 2, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Department 2, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department for Internal Medicine II, German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Partner site Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- Department for Hematopoetic Cell Transplantation, Medical Department 3, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Baranyai Z, Jósa V, Tóth A, Szilasi Z, Tihanyi B, Zaránd A, Harsanyi L, Szállási Z. Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis in gastrointestinal cancer. Platelets 2016; 27:269-75. [PMID: 27136385 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2016.1170112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated recently in several solid tumors that thrombocytosis at diagnosis may correlate with tumor invasion, metastatic progression and worse outcome. Several details of the pathomechanism of the relationship of thrombocytosis and cancer have been elucidated; however, the complete process is not clearly understood. Several hypotheses have been proposed. Recently, it was suggested that in ovarian cancer elevated IL-6 production by the tumor may induce increased megakaryopoiesis via hepatic thrombopoietin production leading to thrombocytosis. The importance of the prognostic power of elevated platelet count is still debated in gastrointestinal cancer. The aims of this review were to evaluate the prognostic significance of thrombocytosis in gastrointestinal tumors, to see whether clinical practice confirmed the hypotheses and to reveal the causes of the inconsistent findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Baranyai
- a Department of Surgery , Semmelweis University Budapest , Hungary
| | - Valéria Jósa
- b Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Flór Ferenc Hospital , Kistarcsa , Hungary
| | - Ambrus Tóth
- c Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Szilasi
- d Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery , HDF Medical Centre , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Balazs Tihanyi
- a Department of Surgery , Semmelweis University Budapest , Hungary
| | - Attila Zaránd
- a Department of Surgery , Semmelweis University Budapest , Hungary
| | - Laszlo Harsanyi
- a Department of Surgery , Semmelweis University Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szállási
- e Informatics Program, Children's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,f Department of Systems Biology , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs Lyngby , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Serum Levels of TNF Receptor Ligands Are Dysregulated in Sepsis and Predict Mortality in Critically Ill Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153765. [PMID: 27124414 PMCID: PMC4849634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction TNF superfamily members, including TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein Ligand (GITRL) have been described as serum based biomarkers for inflammatory and immune mediated diseases. However, up to now the role of TWEAK and GITRL has not been analyzed in critical illness and sepsis. Methods GITRL and TWEAK serum concentrations were measured in 121 critically ill patients (84 fulfilled with septic disease), in comparison to 50 healthy controls. Results were correlated with clinical data. Results Serum levels of TWEAK and GITRL were strongly decreased in critically ill patients compared with healthy controls. Concentrations of TWEAK (but not GITRL) were further decreased in patients with sepsis and correlated with routinely used markers of inflammation and bacterial infection such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and Interleukin-6. Notably, we failed to detect a correlation to other TNFR ligands such as TNF or APRIL. Finally, TWEAK levels of the upper quartile of the cohort were prognostic for mortality during ICU treatment. Conclusion TWEAK and GITRL levels were lower in intensive care unit medical patients. Levels of TWEAK were further decreased in septic patients, and alterations in TWEAK concentrations were linked to an unfavorable outcome. Together with recently published results on other TNFR ligands, these data indicate specific functions of the different TNFR ligands in septic diseases.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang L, Amoozgar Z, Huang J, Saleh MH, Xing D, Orsulic S, Goldberg MS. Decitabine Enhances Lymphocyte Migration and Function and Synergizes with CTLA-4 Blockade in a Murine Ovarian Cancer Model. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:1030-41. [PMID: 26056145 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lack of second-line treatment for relapsed ovarian cancer necessitates the development of improved combination therapies. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy each confer clinical benefit, albeit limited as monotherapies. Ovarian cancer is not particularly responsive to immune checkpoint blockade, so combination with a complementary therapy may be beneficial. Recent studies have revealed that a DNA methyl transferase inhibitor, azacytidine, alters expression of immunoregulatory genes in ovarian cancer. In this study, the antitumor effects of a related DNA methyl transferase inhibitor, decitabine (DAC), were demonstrated in a syngeneic murine ovarian cancer model. Low-dose DAC treatment increases the expression of chemokines that recruit NK cells and CD8(+) T cells, promotes their production of IFNγ and TNFα, and extends the survival of mice bearing subcutaneous or orthotopic tumors. While neither DAC nor immune checkpoint blockade confers durable responses as a monotherapy in this model, the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 was potentiated by combination with DAC. This combination promotes differentiation of naïve T cells into effector T cells and prolongs cytotoxic lymphocyte responses as well as mouse survival. These results suggest that this combination therapy may be worthy of further consideration for improved treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammad H Saleh
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deyin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael S Goldberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rajasekaran N, Chester C, Yonezawa A, Zhao X, Kohrt HE. Enhancement of antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity: a new era in cancer treatment. Immunotargets Ther 2015; 4:91-100. [PMID: 27471715 PMCID: PMC4918249 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s61292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of some anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) depends on the capacity of the mAb to recognize the tumor-associated antigen and induce cytotoxicity via a network of immune effector cells. This process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells is triggered by the interaction of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion of the mAb with the Fc receptors on effector cells like natural killer cells, macrophages, γδ T cells, and dendritic cells. By augmenting ADCC, the antitumor activity of mAbs can be significantly increased. Currently, identifying and developing therapeutic agents that enhance ADCC is a growing area of research. Combining existing tumor-targeting mAbs and ADCC-promoting agents that stimulate effector cells will translate to greater clinical responses. In this review, we discuss strategies for enhancing ADCC and emphasize the potential of combination treatments that include US Food and Drug Administration-approved mAbs and immunostimulatory therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendiran Rajasekaran
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cariad Chester
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xing Zhao
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Immunology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Holbrook E Kohrt
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yuan J, Tang X, Yin K, Tian J, Rui K, Ma J, Mao C, Chen J, Lu L, Xu H, Wang S. GITRL as a genetic adjuvant enhances enterovirus 71 VP1 DNA vaccine immunogenicity. Immunol Res 2015; 62:81-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
Chester C, Marabelle A, Houot R, Kohrt HE. Dual antibody therapy to harness the innate anti-tumor immune response to enhance antibody targeting of tumors. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 33:1-8. [PMID: 25576932 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving field that offers a novel paradigm for cancer treatment: therapies focus on enhancing the immune system's innate and adaptive anti-tumor response. Early immunotherapeutics have achieved impressive clinical outcomes and monoclonal antibodies are now integral to therapeutic strategies in a variety of cancers. However, only recently have antibodies targeting innate immune cells entered clinical development. Innate immune effector cells play important roles in generating and maintaining antitumor immunity. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) are important innate immune mechanisms for tumor eradication. These cytolytic processes are initiated by the detection of a tumor-targeting antibody and can be augmented by activating co-stimulatory pathways or blocking inhibitory signals on innate immune cells. The combination of FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies with innate effector-targeting antibodies has demonstrated potent preclinical therapeutic synergy and early-phase combinatorial clinical trials are ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cariad Chester
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Roch Houot
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France; CHU Rennes, Service Hématologie Clinique, F-35033 Rennes, France; INSERM, U917, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Holbrook E Kohrt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun J, Yu N, Li X, Wang L, Pan Y, Li X, Tao J, Chen Z, Wang G. Aberrant GITR expression on different T cell subsets and the regulation by glucocorticoid in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 19:199-204. [PMID: 25293713 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Department of Oncology; Heze Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Heze Shandong China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Department of Rheumatology; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Xiangpei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Yun Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Immunogenicity of murine solid tumor models as a defining feature of in vivo behavior and response to immunotherapy. J Immunother 2014; 36:477-89. [PMID: 24145359 DOI: 10.1097/01.cji.0000436722.46675.4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune profiling has been widely used to probe mechanisms of immune escape in cancer and identify novel targets for therapy. Two emerging uses of immune signatures are to identify likely responders to immunotherapy regimens among individuals with cancer and to understand the variable responses seen among subjects with cancer in immunotherapy trials. Here, the immune profiles of 6 murine solid tumor models (CT26, 4T1, MAD109, RENCA, LLC, and B16) were correlated to tumor regression and survival in response to 2 immunotherapy regimens. Comprehensive profiles for each model were generated using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry techniques, as well as functional studies of suppressor cell populations (regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells), to analyze intratumoral and draining lymphoid tissues. Tumors were stratified as highly or poorly immunogenic, with highly immunogenic tumors showing a significantly greater presence of T-cell costimulatory molecules and immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. An absence of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells was seen across all models. Delayed tumor growth and increased survival with suppressor cell inhibition and tumor-targeted chemokine+/-dendritic cells vaccine immunotherapy were associated with high tumor immunogenicity in these models. Tumor MHC class I expression correlated with the overall tumor immunogenicity level and was a singular marker to predict immunotherapy response with these regimens. By using experimental tumor models as surrogates for human cancers, these studies demonstrate how select features of an immune profile may be utilized to identify patients most likely to respond to immunotherapy regimens.
Collapse
|
36
|
Juhász K, Buzás K, Duda E. Importance of reverse signaling of the TNF superfamily in immune regulation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:335-48. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.13.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
37
|
Xufré C, Costa M, Roura-Mir C, Codina-Busqueta E, Usero L, Pizarro E, Obiols G, Jaraquemada D, Martí M. Low frequency of GITR+ T cells in ex vivo and in vitro expanded Treg cells from type 1 diabetic patients. Int Immunol 2013; 25:563-74. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxt020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
38
|
Schmiedel BJ, Werner A, Steinbacher J, Nuebling T, Buechele C, Grosse-Hovest L, Salih HR. Generation and preclinical characterization of a Fc-optimized GITR-Ig fusion protein for induction of NK cell reactivity against leukemia. Mol Ther 2013; 21:877-86. [PMID: 23380816 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that largely contribute to the efficacy of therapeutic strategies like allogenic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and application of Rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member GITR ligand (GITRL) is frequently expressed on leukemia cells in AML and CLL and impairs the reactivity of NK cells which express GITR and upregulate its expression following activation. We developed a strategy to reinforce NK anti-leukemia reactivity by combining disruption of GITR-GITRL interaction with targeting leukemia cells for NK antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) using GITR-Ig fusion proteins with modified Fc moieties. Neutralization of leukemia-expressed GITRL by the GITR domain enhanced cytotoxicity and cytokine production of NK cells depending on activation state with NK reactivity being further largely dependent on the engineered affinity of the fusion proteins to the Fc receptor. Compared with wild-type GITR-Ig, treatment of primary AML and CLL cells with mutants containing a S239D/I332E modification potently increased cytotoxicity, degranulation, and cytokine production of NK cells in a target-antigen-dependent manner with additive effects being observed with CLL cells upon parallel exposure to Rituximab. Fc-optimized GITR-Ig may thus constitute an attractive means for immunotherapy of leukemia that warrants clinical evaluation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) are among the most successful protein-based drugs (biologics) and have proven to be clinically efficacious at reducing inflammation associated with several autoimmune diseases. As a result, attention is focusing on the therapeutic potential of additional members of the TNF superfamily of structurally related cytokines. Many of these TNF-related cytokines or their cognate receptors are now in preclinical or clinical development as possible targets for modulating inflammatory diseases and cancer as well as other indications. This Review focuses on the biologics that are currently in clinical trials for immune-related diseases and other syndromes, discusses the successes and failures to date as well as the expanding therapeutic potential of modulating the activity of this superfamily of molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Barao I. The TNF receptor-ligands 4-1BB-4-1BBL and GITR-GITRL in NK cell responses. Front Immunol 2013; 3:402. [PMID: 23316193 PMCID: PMC3539674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between several tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily members that are expressed by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and various other cell types modulate immune responses. This review summarizes the current understanding of how the TNF ligand-TNFR interactions 4-1BBL with 4-1BB, and GITRL with glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) regulate NK cell mediated antitumor responses and discuss its therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nocentini G, Ronchetti S, Petrillo MG, Riccardi C. Pharmacological modulation of GITRL/GITR system: therapeutic perspectives. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2089-99. [PMID: 22029729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (gitr) is a gene coding for a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. GITR activation by its ligand (GITRL) influences the activity of effector and regulatory T cells, thus participating in the development of immune response against tumours and infectious agents, as well as in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Notably, treating animals with GITR-Fc fusion protein ameliorates autoimmune/inflammatory diseases while GITR triggering, by treatment with anti-GITR mAb, is effective in treating viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, as well in boosting immune response against tumours. GITR modulation has been indicated as one of the top 25 most promising research areas by the American National Cancer Institute, and a clinical trial testing the efficacy of an anti-GITR mAb in melanoma patients has been started. In this review, we summarize results regarding: (i) the mechanisms by which GITRL/GITR system modulates immune response; (ii) the structural and functional studies clearly demonstrating differences between GITRL/GITR systems of mice and humans; (iii) the molecules with pharmacological activities including anti-GITR mAbs, GITR-Fc and GITRL-Fc fusion proteins, GITRL in monomer or multimer conformation; and (iv) the possible risks deriving from GITRL/GITR system pharmacological modulation. In conclusion, GITR triggering and inhibition could be useful in treating tumours, infectious diseases, as well as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, differences between mouse and human GITRL/GITR systems suggest that further preclinical studies are needed to better understand how safe therapeutic results can be obtained and to design appropriate clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nocentini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Placke T, Salih HR, Kopp HG. GITR ligand provided by thrombopoietic cells inhibits NK cell antitumor activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:154-60. [PMID: 22649191 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia inhibits tumor growth and especially metastasis in mice, whereas additional depletion of NK cells reverts this antimetastatic phenotype. It has therefore been speculated that platelets may protect hematogenously disseminating tumor cells from NK-dependent antitumor immunity. Tumor cells do not travel through the blood alone, but are rapidly coated by platelets, and this phenomenon has been proposed to shield disseminating tumor cells from NK-mediated lysis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we show that megakaryocytes acquire expression of the TNF family member glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand (GITRL) during differentiation, resulting in GITRL expression by platelets. Upon platelet activation, GITRL is upregulated on the platelet surface in parallel with the α-granular activation marker P-selectin. GITRL is also rapidly mobilized to the platelet surface following interaction with tumor cells, which results in platelet coating. Whereas GITRL, in the fashion of several other TNF family members, is capable of transducing reverse signals, no influence on platelet activation and function was observed upon GITRL triggering. However, platelet coating of tumor cells inhibited NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production that could partially be restored by blocking GITR on NK cells, thus indicating that platelet-derived GITRL mediates NK-inhibitory forward signaling via GITR. These data identify conferment of GITRL pseudoexpression to tumor cells by platelets as a mechanism by which platelets may alter tumor cell immunogenicity. Our data thus provide further evidence for the involvement of platelets in facilitating evasion of tumor cells from NK cell immune surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Placke
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ronchetti S, Nocentini G, Petrillo MG, Riccardi C. CD8+ T cells: GITR matters. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:308265. [PMID: 22654588 PMCID: PMC3361162 DOI: 10.1100/2012/308265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As many members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related gene (GITR) plays multiple roles mostly in the cells of immune system. CD8+ T cells are key players in the immunity against viruses and tumors, and GITR has been demonstrated to be an essential molecule for these cells to mount an immune response. The aim of this paper is to focus on GITR function in CD8+ cells, paying particular attention to numerous and recent studies that suggest its crucial role in mouse disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ronchetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Farmacologia, Tossicologia e Chemioterapia, Università di Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lechner MG, Russell SM, Bass RS, Epstein AL. Chemokines, costimulatory molecules and fusion proteins for the immunotherapy of solid tumors. Immunotherapy 2012; 3:1317-40. [PMID: 22053884 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, the role of chemokines and costimulatory molecules in the immunotherapy of experimental murine solid tumors and immunotherapy used in ongoing clinical trials are presented. Chemokine networks regulate physiologic cell migration that may be disrupted to inhibit antitumor immune responses or co-opted to promote tumor growth and metastasis in cancer. Recent studies highlight the potential use of chemokines in cancer immunotherapy to improve innate and adaptive cell interactions and to recruit immune effector cells into the tumor microenvironment. Another critical component of antitumor immune responses is antigen priming and activation of effector cells. Reciprocal expression and binding of costimulatory molecules and their ligands by antigen-presenting cells and naive lymphocytes ensures robust expansion, activity and survival of tumor-specific effector cells in vivo. Immunotherapy approaches using agonist antibodies or fusion proteins of immunomodulatory molecules significantly inhibit tumor growth and boost cell-mediated immunity. To localize immune stimulation to the tumor site, a series of fusion proteins consisting of a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis and chemokines or costimulatory molecules were generated and tested in tumor-bearing mice. While several of these reagents were initially shown to have therapeutic value, combination therapies with methods to delete suppressor cells had the greatest effect on tumor growth. In conclusion, a key conclusion that has emerged from these studies is that successful immunotherapy will require both advanced methods of immunostimulation and the removal of immunosuppression in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Lechner
- Department of Pathology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Buergy D, Wenz F, Groden C, Brockmann MA. Tumor-platelet interaction in solid tumors. Int J Cancer 2012; 130:2747-60. [PMID: 22261860 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated platelet counts in patients diagnosed with malignant tumors were first described more than 100 years ago. Today it is well known that in many types of solid tumors, thrombocytosis at the time of diagnosis is associated with shorter survival. From this well-documented clinical correlation between platelet count and prognosis of solid tumors, the following questions arise: (i) Are the increased platelet counts the reason for shortened survival as platelet-secreted cytokines might boost tumor growth and angiogenesis? (ii) Do platelets affect tumor metastasis thereby shortening survival time? or (iii) Are increased platelet counts simply an epiphenomenon of tumor growth with larger tumors resulting in higher platelet counts and shorter survival times? We address these three questions within our review of the current literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the current concepts in tumor-platelet interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Buergy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Targeting costimulatory molecules to improve antitumor immunity. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:926321. [PMID: 22500111 PMCID: PMC3303883 DOI: 10.1155/2012/926321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The full activation of T cells necessitates the concomitant activation of two signals, the engagement of T-cell receptor by peptide/major histocompatibility complex II and an additional signal delivered by costimulatory molecules. The best characterized costimulatory molecules belong to B7/CD28 and TNF/TNFR families and play crucial roles in the modulation of immune response and improvement of antitumor immunity. Unfortunately, tumors often generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment, where T-cell response is attenuated by the lack of costimulatory molecules on the surface of cancer cells. Thus, targeting costimulatory pathways represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to enhance the antitumor immunity in several human cancers. Here, latest therapeutic approaches targeting costimulatory molecules will be described.
Collapse
|
47
|
Modulation of GITR for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:217-24. [PMID: 22245556 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors of the immune system has become a promising new approach for immunotherapy of cancer. With the recent FDA approval of CTLA-4 blockade serving as an important proof of principal, many new targets are now being translated into the clinic. Preclinical research has demonstrated that targeting glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor related gene (GITR), a member of TNF receptor superfamily, by agonist antibodies or natural ligand, can serve as an effective anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we will cover this research and the rationale that has led to initiation of two phase 1 clinical trials targeting GITR as a new immunotherapeutic approach for cancer.
Collapse
|
48
|
Buechele C, Baessler T, Schmiedel BJ, Schumacher CE, Grosse-Hovest L, Rittig K, Salih HR. 4-1BB ligand modulates direct and Rituximab-induced NK-cell reactivity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Eur J Immunol 2011; 42:737-48. [PMID: 22144129 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NK cells play an important role in tumor immunosurveillance and largely contribute to the therapeutic success of anti-tumor antibodies like Rituximab. Here, we studied the role of the TNF family member 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) during the interaction of NK cells with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. 4-1BBL was highly expressed on patient B-CLL cells in all 56 investigated cases. Signaling via 4-1BBL following interaction with 4-1BB, which was detected on NK cells of CLL patients but not healthy individuals, led to the release of immunoregulatory cytokines including TNF by CLL cells. CLL patient sera contained elevated levels of TNF and induced 4-1BB upregulation on NK cells, which in turn impaired direct and Rituximab-induced NK-cell reactivity against 4-1BBL-expressing targets. NK-cell reactivity was not only enhanced by blocking the interaction of NK cell-expressed 4-1BB with 4-1BBL expressed by CLL cells, but also by preventing 4-1BB upregulation on NK cells via neutralization of TNF in patient serum with Infliximab. Our data indicate that 4-1BBL mediates NK-cell immunosubversion in CLL, and thus might contribute to the reportedly compromised efficacy of Rituximab to induce NK-cell reactivity in the disease, and that TNF neutralization may serve to enhance the efficacy of Rituximab treatment in CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Buechele
- Department of Hematology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Buechele C, Baessler T, Wirths S, Schmohl JU, Schmiedel BJ, Salih HR. Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) ligand modulates cytokine release and NK cell reactivity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Leukemia 2011; 26:991-1000. [PMID: 22064350 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the immunosurveillance of hematopoietic malignancies. Their reactivity is influenced by activating and inhibitory signals mediated by tumor-expressed ligands for NK receptors. Many members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family modulate differentiation, proliferation, activation and death of both tumor and immune effector cells. The TNF receptor family member glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) stimulates anti-tumor immunity in mice, but available data indicate that GITR may mediate different effects in mice and men and impairs the reactivity of human NK cells. Here, we comprehensively studied the expression and function of GITR ligand (GITRL) in leukemia. Among the different leukemia entities, pronounced expression of GITRL on leukemic cells was observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and the GITR receptor was expressed at significantly higher levels on NK cells of CLL patients compared with healthy controls. Upon GITR-GITRL interaction, signaling via GITRL into the leukemia cells induced the release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and TNF, which act as growth and survival factors for CLL cells. In addition, GITRL impaired both direct and Rituximab-induced degranulation, cytotoxicity and interferon-γ production of NK cells, which could be restored by GITR blocking antibodies. Thus, GITRL may contribute to disease pathophysiology and resistance to direct and Rituximab-induced NK reactivity in CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Buechele
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Placke T, Kopp HG, Salih HR. Modulation of natural killer cell anti-tumor reactivity by platelets. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:374-82. [PMID: 21411974 DOI: 10.1159/000323936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells may prevent tumor progression and metastasis. Apart from the direct interaction with their targets, NK cell activity is influenced by the reciprocal interplay with other hematopoietic cells. While the interaction of NK cells e.g. with dendritic cells or monocytes/macrophages is well characterized, knowledge regarding their crosstalk with platelets, another central component of the blood, is still fragmentary. However, studies in mice and men clearly document a strong dependence of tumor progression and metastasis on quantitatively and functionally normal platelets. In mice, metastasis is inhibited by thrombocytopenia, and this effect is reversed by additional NK cell depletion, indicating that platelets may 'indirectly' contribute to tumor dissemination by impairing NK cell anti-tumor reactivity. In humans, circumstantial evidence indicates that metastasizing malignant cells do not travel through the blood alone, but efficiently attract and get coated by platelets, thereby causing release of platelet granule content. Beyond this secretion of various growth factors and cytokines/chemokines, platelets may also influence NK cell function by immunoregulatory molecules expressed on the platelet surface. Here, we review the available data regarding tumor-platelet-NK cell interaction focusing on metastatic tumor spread and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying this trilateral crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Placke
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|